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Tytuł:
The influence of holmium on catalytic properties of Fe or Cu-modified vermiculites
Autorzy:
Samojeden, Bogdan
Grzybek, Teresa
Kowal, Joanna
Szymaszek, Agnieszka
Jabłońska, Magdalena
Gläser, Roger
Motak, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
selective catalytic reduction
deNOx
holmium
vermiculite
Opis:
Natural layered clay, vermiculite, was modified and tested as catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR). Its modification included the application of the blowing agent (azodicarbonamide), acid treatment and pillaring with Al2O3. Active phase (transition metals: Cu or Fe) was introduced via impregnation. The obtained materials were characterized by N2 sorption (texture), XRD (structure), DR-UV-Vis (oxidation state and aggregation of the active phase), H2-TPR (reducibility of the active phase), in situ DRIFTS (types of adsorbed species due to contact of the sample NH3) and NH3-TPD (type/strength of the acidic sites). The initial modification procedures (treatment with azodicarboamide) resulted in the increase of specific surface area of vermiculite. The introduction of transition metal ions provided a significant amount of acidic sites. The promoting impact of holmium was confirmed by the increased strength of the sites. The highest catalytic activity was exhibited by the sample Fe-containing vermiculite and doped with Ho.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2019, 55, 6; 1484-1495
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A conceptual design and numerical analysis of the mixerless urea-SCR system
Autorzy:
Kaźmierski, Bartosz
Górka, Krzysztof
Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
NOx
SCR
selective catalytic reduction
wall film
CFD
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
In the present study, an innovative design of a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system without conventional mixing elements was developed. The aim was to obtain a high degree of urea decomposition, and uniform ammonia distribution at the inlet to the catalyst, while minimising the liquid film deposition and keeping the compact design. The concept of the design was based on creating high turbulence and elongating the flow paths of the droplets. The design was verified through a series of numerical simulations based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach and a discrete droplet model (DDM) spray representation. The analysis included various operating conditions as well as subcooled and superheated sprays. A uniform ammonia distribution was achieved regardless of the operating points and spray properties. Additionally, in the case of a flash-boiling injection, a further reduction of the wall film was observed.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 4; 12--20
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combination of LNT and SCR for NOx reduction in passenger car applications
Autorzy:
Maunula, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134216.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
NOx
Selective Catalytic Reduction
SCR
LNT
catalysts
diesel
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
katalizator
Opis:
The removal of NOx and particulate emissions in light-duty diesel vehicles will require the use of aftertreatment methods like Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea and Lean NOx Trap (LNT) (Euro 6 and beyond). A new concept is the combination of LNT + SCR, which enables on-board synthesis of ammonia (NH3), which reacts with NOx on the SCR catalyst. The main application for this kind system will be lighter passenger cars, where LNTs may be used instead of full urea-SCR system. That particular combinatory system was investigated by developing platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh) containing LNTs and SCR catalysts in this study. In the use conditions, the maximum temperature may reach temperatures up to 800°C and NOx reduction reactions should proceed without NO2 assistance in the SCR position after LNT and DPF. PtRh/LNT with the total loadings of 85 g/cft (2.8 g/L) and higher resulted in a high NOx efficiency above 80–90% with a broad operation window in the laboratory simulations. In the experimental conditions, a higher NH3 concentration after LNT was essential to simulate well the operation of SCR catalysts. The developed Cu-SCR catalyst showed a high hydrothermal durability up to the ageing temperature of 800°C and a wide operation window without the NO2 assistance (NO only in feed). Fe-SCR and V-SCR catalysts were more dependent on NO2. A studied concept had an air injection after LNT to keep SCR condition always in lean side, where the SCR reaction was promoted by oxygen resulting in high reduction selectivity to nitrogen (N2) without NH3 emissions. The simulations in reaction conditions and system design resulted in the proposals for the optimal design and main reaction mechanism in DOC + DPF + LNT + SCR systems.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 60-67
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reduction of NO with methane over metal ion-exchanged mordenite
Autorzy:
Ćwikła-Bundyra, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/346983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej
Tematy:
selective catalytic reduction of NO
mordenite
catalysts
Co(II)
Ni(II)
Cu(II)
Opis:
This article presents the results of research studies on the possibilities of application of natural zeolite-mordenite for the reduction of nitrogen oxide. Various kinds of metal ions were added to the zeolite samples using the ion-exchange method. The effect of metal contents was shown for the mordenite and related to their catalytic properties. The catalytic properties of Cu-, Co-, Ni- were compared for NO reduction with methane. High nitric oxide conversions were observed for copper and cobalt-mordenite, especially in the temperature range between 400 and 500 C degree. Copper- and cobaltmordenite catalysts showed higher activities and selectivities than catalysts composed of nickel-exchanged mordenite.
Źródło:
Ars Separatoria Acta; 2011, 8; 109-119
1731-6340
Pojawia się w:
Ars Separatoria Acta
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potentials for NOx and CO2 reduction of combined NSC + passive SCR system in Diesel passenger car application
Autorzy:
Wittka, T.
Holderbaum, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
exhaust aftertreatment
NSC
Selective Catalytic Reduction
SCR
fuel reformer
oczyszczanie spalin
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
The stringent pollutant and CO2 emission limitation in upcoming legislation norms for Diesel passenger car applications force the introduction of exhaust aftertreatment systems with maximum purification and energetic efficiency. The state-off-the-art technologies for NOx reduction, NOx storage and reduction catalyst (NSC) and selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR), show challenges for robust performance under strongly extended emission relevant operation conditions from cold start to high engine load and speed. One technical solution is the combination of NSC and passive SCR. This paper presents the experimental results obtained in the EUproject “Powerful”. On engine test bench and demonstrator vehicle, an exhaust aftertreatment system combining NSC, passive SCR and fuel reformer technology was developed and experimentally investigated steady-state and on road. The engine independent NSC operation offers potentials for lowered fuel consumption penalty by avoiding engine rich operation. The intrinsic NH3 formation during the NSC regeneration is used for additional NOx conversion on the passive SCR and reduces NOx and CO2 emission.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 68-76
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental investigation of N2O formation in selective non-catalytic NOx reduction processes performed in stoker boiler
Autorzy:
Krawczyk, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
selective non-catalytic reduction process
nitrous oxide emissions
stocker boiler
Opis:
Stoker fired boiler plants are common throughout Eastern Europe. Increasingly strict emission standards will require application of secondary NOx  abatement systems on such boilers. Yet operation of such systems, in addition to reducing NOx  emissions, may also lead to emission of undesirable substances, for example N2O. This paper presents results of experimental tests concerning N2O formation in the selective non-catalytic NOx  emission reduction process (SNCR) in a stoker boiler (WR 25 type). Obtained results lead to an unambiguous conclusion that there is a dependency between the NOx  and N2O concentrations in the exhaust gas when SNCR process is carried out in a coal-fired stoker boiler. Fulfilling new emission standards in the analysed equipment will require 40–50% reduction of NOx  concentration. It should be expected that in such a case the N2O emission will be approximately 55–60 mg/m3, with the NOx  to N2O conversion factor of about 40%.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2016, 18, 4; 104-109
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical evaluation of urea-mixing devices for close-coupled selective catalytic reduction systems
Autorzy:
Kaźmierski, Bartosz Grzegorz
Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202462.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
urea water solution
urea mixer
selective catalytic reduction
SCR
roztwór mocznika
mieszalnik mocznika
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
The following research presents a numerical evaluation of existing and conceptual urea-mixing devices used in close-coupled (to the engine) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The analysis was aimed at the assessment of urea-mixing devices that could considerably enhance the reduction of nitrogen oxides from the diesel-engine combustion process under a wide range of operating conditions, including cold starts. The analysis showed that replacing blade-equipped static mixers with perforated stationary mixing devices may provide a more uniform spatial distribution of ammonia at the inlet to the SCR catalyst and reduce pressure drops generated by mixing devices. Moreover, the conceptual mixing devices, based on combinations of the blade and perforated mixers to develop intensive turbulence, enabled the increase of the mixing length leading to effective decomposition of the urea-water solution (UWS), and provided uniform spatial distribution of ammonia, even for the small-sized mixing systems. However, the intensive mixing was often associated with a significant rise in the pressure drop.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 84--93
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of flameproof exhaust system on efficiency of selective catalytic reduction
Wpływ ognioszczelnego układu wylotowego na sprawność metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej
Autorzy:
Kaczmarczyk, K.
Brzeżański, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
flameproof exhaust system
NOx emission
selective catalytic reduction
ognioszczelny układ wylotowy
emisja tlenków azotu
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
Ecological problems associated with operation of diesel engine in underground excavation areas are discussed. Characteristic features of diesel drives operating in excavation zones threatened by explosion hazard, including technical problems with use of selective catalytic reduction, are presented. The results of stationary tests of flameproof diesel drive, in which selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was used, are given.
W artykule omówiono problemy ekologiczne związanie z pracą silnika z zapłonem samoczynnym w wyrobiskach podziemnych. Przedstawiono cechy charakterystyczne spalinowych układów napędowych pracujących w wyrobiskach zagrożonych wybuchem, uwzględniając problemy techniczne związane z zastosowaniem metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej. Zaprezentowano wyniki przeprowadzonych badań stanowiskowych ognioszczelnego, spalinowego układu napędowego, w którym zastosowano metodę selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej tlenków azotu.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 4; 26-33
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of retrofit devices for the Horizon 2020 Cleanest Engine and Vehicle Retrofit Prizes
Autorzy:
Giechaskiel, Barouch
Suarez-Bertoa, Ricardo
Melas, Anastasios
Selleri, Tommaso
Maggiore, Maurizio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
retrofit
fuel supply innovation
selective catalytic reduction
SCR
Horizon 2020 prizes
zasilanie paliwem
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Horyzont 2020
Opis:
The Horizon 2020 prizes aimed at the development of retrofit and engines that would reduce pollution. The Retrofit prize had a winner, while the Engine prize not. In this paper we present the innovations that were tested at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, and not awarded. One was a “condensation” aftertreatment device, two were devices inserted in the fuel supply system, and one a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx system. The testing of the “condensation” aftertreatment device showed that it could not with-stand the high exhaust gas temperatures. The results of the two fuel systems showed that they could not control efficiently the NOx emissions. The reductions of the pollutants were negligble for the levels that the prizes were aiming. The SCR system did not achieve any significant reduction of NOx, probably due to a malfunction of the device.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 7--34
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NOX-reduction on HD-vehicles-low cost quality check
Autorzy:
Czerwinski, J.
Zimmerli, Y.
Mayer, A.
Heeb, N.
Berger, H.
D‘Urbano, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
Diesel particle filter
regeneration of DPF
non-legislated emissions
selective catalytic reduction SCR
NOx-reduction
SCR-quality testing
on vehicle testing
Opis:
The NOx reduction of recent HD-vehicle is performed mostly by means of the selective catalytic reduction SCR. There are some manufactures and some applications of SCR as retrofit systems (mostly for the low emission zones LEZ and in combination with a DPF). In charge of Swiss authorities AFHB investigated several SCR-systems, or (DPF+SCR)-systems on HD-vehicles and proposed a simplified quality test procedure of those systems. This procedure can especially be useful for the admission of retrofit systems but it can also be helpful for the quality check of OEM-systems. In the present paper the test procedures will be described and some examples of specific results will be presented. As general conclusions it can be stated: – the foundations for the quality verification procedures of SCR-systems are established, – the SCR-systems are not active at lower temperatures < 200°C, – SCR-testing on vehicle is a simple & low-cost tool for quality check, – the overall average NOx reduction rate depends on the operating profile of the vehicle – for low-load, for cold operation and for interrupted operation (HEV) there are lower NOx reduction efficiencies.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 61-68
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the injection frequency on the urea selective catalytic reduction systems performance
Autorzy:
Rogóż, R.
Jaworski, P.
Kapusta, Ł. J.
Teodorczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
AVL FIRE
selective catalytic reduction
uniformity index
urea water solution
UWS
wall-film
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
roztwór mocznika
Opis:
This study presents the influence of the UWS injection frequency on a close coupled SCR systems performance. The investigation was performed with the CFD tool AVL Fire. In the paper the analysis of four different UWS injection frequencies in the three different operating points of diesel engine was shown. The assessments of the system performance was referred to the ammonia distribution at catalyst intake and wall film formation inside the investigated geometry, as these are considered as crucial in such a configuration. The results showed that injection frequency affects both factors on different level depending from the flow conditions. In addition, the wall film crystallization risk was discussed basing on the obtained wall film characteristics.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 73-77
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Type-2 fuzzy logic systems in applications: managing data in selective catalytic reduction for air pollution prevention
Autorzy:
Niewiadomski, Adam
Kacprowicz, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych
Tematy:
Selective Catalytic Reduction
SCR
fuzzy management of DeNOx filter
fuzzy logic systems
”engineering” fuzzy implications
learning fuzzy rules
Opis:
The article presents our research on applications of fuzzy logic to reduce air pollution by DeNOx filters. The research aim is to manage data on Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process responsible for reducing the emission of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Dedicated traditional Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLS) and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems (T2FLS) are proposed with the use of new methods for learning fuzzy rules and with new types of fuzzy implications (the so-called ”engineering implications”). The obtained results are consistent with the results provided by experts. The main advantage of this paper is that type-2 fuzzy logic systems with ”engineering implications” and new methods of learning fuzzy rules give results closer to expert expectations than those based on traditional fuzzy logic systems. According to the literature review, no T2FLS were applied to manage DeNOx filter prior to the research presented here.
Źródło:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research; 2021, 11, 2; 85-97
2083-2567
2449-6499
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcja systemu redukcji tlenków azotu z ognioszczelnego napędu spalinowego
Concept of reduction of nitrogen oxides emission from flameproof disel engine
Autorzy:
Kaczmarczyk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniki Górniczej KOMAG
Tematy:
napęd spalinowy
emisja zanieczyszczeń
redukcja tlenków azotu
selektywna redukcja katalityczna
diesel drive
emission of pollutants
reduction of nitrogen oxides
selective catalytic reduction
Opis:
W artykule omówiono koncepcję systemu redukcji tlenków azotu powstałych w wyniku pracy silnika spalinowego z zapłonem samoczynnym, stanowiących szczególne zagrożenie w podziemnych wyrobiskach kopalnianych. Przedstawiono metody konwersji tlenków azotu stosowane z powodzeniem w aplikacjach powierzchniowych. Sformułowano wymagania stawiane napędom pracującym w wyrobiskach zagrożonych wybuchem metanu i pyłu węglowego, uwzględniając potencjalne problemy związane z zastosowaniem metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej.
The concept of reduction of nitrogen oxides emitted from diesel engine, which are especially hazardous in underground mine workings, are discussed. Methods of conversion of nitrogen oxides, successfully used in the surface application, are presented. The requirements put to the driving systems operating in mine workings threatened by methane and/or coal dust explosion hazard are formulated considering the method of selective catalytic reduction.
Źródło:
Maszyny Górnicze; 2015, 33, 1; 23-28
0209-3693
2450-9442
Pojawia się w:
Maszyny Górnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The application of RANS CFD for design of SNCR technology for a pulverized coal-fired boiler
Autorzy:
Ruszak, M.
Inger, M.
Wilk, M.
Nieścioruk, J.
Saramok, M.
Kowalik, W.
Rajewski, J.
Wajman, T.
Kacprzak, W.
Tadasiewicz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
NOx emission abatement
power plant boilers
selective non-catalytic reduction
flue gas treatment
Opis:
The article describes the technology of NOx  emission abatement by SNCR method. The scope of research included CDF simulations as well as design and construction of the pilot plant and tests of NOx  reduction by urea in the plant located in industrial pulverized-coal fired boiler. The key step of research was to determine the appropriate temperature window for the SNCR process. The proposed solution of the location of injection lances in the combustion chamber enabled to achieve over a 30% reduction of NOx . It is possible to achieve higher effectiveness of the proposed SNCR technology and meet the required emission standards via providing prior reduction of NOx  to the level of 350 mg/um3 using the primary methods.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2017, 19, 2; 101-106
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modified bentonite-derived materials as catalystsfor selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides
Autorzy:
Szymaszek, Agnieszka
Kubeł, Maciej
Samojeden, Bogdan
Motak, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
pillared bentonite
acid activation
alumina
iron
copper
selective catalytic reduction
NO
DeNO
aktywacja kwasem
glinka
żelazo
miedź
Selektywna redukcja katalityczna
Opis:
In the last few years, cationic layered clays, including bentonites have been investigated as potentialcatalysts for SCR DeNOxsystems. In this work, bentonite as the representative of layered clays wasmodified in order to obtain an alternative, low-cost NH3–SCR catalyst. Samples of raw clay wereactivated with HCl or HNO3, treated with C2H2O4and subsequently pillared with alumina by the ion-exchange. Afterwards, the modified materials were impregnated with iron and copper. The obtainedcatalysts were characterized by XRD and FT-IR. SCR catalytic tests carried out over analyzed samplesindicated the conversion of NO of approximately 90% for the most active sample. The type of acidused for modification and the type of active phase strongly influenced the catalytic properties of theanalyzed materials.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2020, 41, 1; 13--24
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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