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Tytuł:
„Mowa czyni wolnym”. Rozrachunek z nazistowską przeszłością rodziców w noweli Thomasa Lehra Frühling (Wiosna)
“Speech makes you free”: Facing the Nazi Past in Thomas Lehr’s Frühling (Spring)
Autorzy:
Daroch, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/571976.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Neofilologii
Tematy:
family secret
Nazism
victims
perpetrators
Thomas Lehr
Opis:
Nazistowska przeszłość rodziców jest jednym z tematów często podejmowanych we współczesnej literaturze niemieckiej. Nie da się od niej uciec, gdyż pewnego dnia i tak objawi się ona w życiu kolejnych pokoleń – takie jest przesłanie wydanej w 2001 roku noweli Thomasa Lehra Frühling (Wiosna). Głównym bohaterem tekstu jest syn, który odkrywa, że ojciec był kiedyś lekarzem obozowym w Dachau. Nie może poradzić sobie z tą wiedzą i popełnia samobójstwo. Książka Lehra jest refleksją nad życiem w cieniu przeszłości rodziców-sprawców, której ofiarami stają się ich własne dzieci, a zarazem wskazaniem, jak można się od tej przeszłości uwolnić.
The Nazi past of family members is a recurrent theme in contemporary German literature. It cannot be easily forgotten, as it keeps resurfacing and influences the next generations. This is the central idea of Thomas Lehr’s novella Frühling (Spring), published in 2001. Its protagonist discovers that during World War II his father was a physician in the Dachau concentration camp. Devastated by this revelation, the son cannot cope with it and as a result commits suicide. Lehr’s book reflects upon the Nazi’s children and their life in the shadow of history. The story also points out how it is possible to cope with this haunting past.
Źródło:
Acta Philologica; 2015, 47; 107-115
0065-1524
Pojawia się w:
Acta Philologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EUROPEAN PERPETRATOR PROGRAMMES: A SURVEY ON DAY-TO-DAY OUTCOME MEASUREMENT
Autorzy:
Canales, Oriol Ginés
Geldschläger, Heinrich
Nax, David
Ponce, Álvaro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
domestic violence, perpetrators, outcome measurement, programmes, Europe
Opis:
Evaluating the results of programmes for perpetrators of domestic violence is essential for both policy mak- ers and practitioners, and a growing number of studies have addressed this issue. However, few studies have described the ongoing, day-to-day outcome measurements routinely undertaken by perpetrator programmes to monitor their results. As part of the IMPACT Evaluation of European Perpetrator Programmes project, in the present study 134 domestic violence perpetrator programmes from 22 European countries answered a survey on the designs, methods and instruments they use in their current day-to-day outcome monitoring practice and on the obstacles to and need for improvements in this practice. The main results include the findings that 20% of programmes do not measure outcomes at all, that there is a great diversity in methods and instruments used, and a low percentage of programmes make use of data from the victims/survivors and from follow-ups. 
Źródło:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH; 2015, 14, 2
2084-3364
Pojawia się w:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Odrodziły się traumy z czasów Zagłady”. Marzec 1968 jako narracja postkatastroficzna
“Traumas from the Holocaust Have Revived”. March 1968 as a Polish Postcatastrophic Narration
Autorzy:
Artwińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1389621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
anti-Semitism
March 1968
postcatastrophe
remembrance
perpetrators
victims
witnesses
Opis:
The article discusses select literary images and presentations of March 1968, which are treated as an example of a postcatastrophic narration. The author states that the events of the years 1967-1968 are often depicted in Polish literature as a kind of a “recurring catastrophe” – predicting an event of the calibre of the Holocaust. Similarities and parallels can be noticed on the artistic level (ways of representation) and ideological (judgement of events). Consequently, the catastrophe does not fulfil its cathartic function and does not become a breakthrough, instead its characteristic features are repetitions and new configurations. Finally, the author asks whether, and to what extent, Polish remembrance of March overlaps with the remembrance of the Holocaust, and to what degree the struggle with anti-Semitism in 1967-1968 was simultaneously a struggle with anti-Semitism during WWII.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka; 2015, 25; 187-208
1233-8680
2450-4947
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Incognito ergo sum. O wytwarzaniu obojętności
Autorzy:
Tokarska-Bakir, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Jewish Poles
non-Jewish Poles
indifference
Holocaust
witnesses-perpetrators-victims
Opis:
Incognito ergo sum: on indifference The present article is an analysis of various types of indifference of non-Jewish inhabitants of Warsaw to the plight of Jewish Poles. The words of Krzysztof Dunin-Wąsowicz, a historian and “Żegota” activist, provide the vantage point for the analysis: Dunin-Wąsowicz claimed that around 75 per cent of the inhabitants of Warsaw “were indifferent to what was taking place behind the Ghetto wall”. Thomas Kuhne hypothesised that it was Germans’ indifference to the Jewish – not hatred – that legitimised the Nazi racial policies of the 1930s. This statement might also apply to the “75 per cent of the inhabitants of Warsaw”. The article is mainly based on articles published by ZWZ-AK, in particular Biuletyn Informacyjny. Incognito ergo sum. O wytwarzaniu obojętnościAutorka analizuje różne odcienie obojętności nieżydowskich mieszkańców Warszawy w latach czterdziestych wobec losu żydowskich Polaków. Punktem wyjścia jest zdanie Krzysztofa Dunin-Wąsowicza, historyka i działacza „Żegoty”, który stwierdził, że dla około 75 procent mieszkańców Warszawy „obojętne było to, co działo się poza murem getta”. Powołując się na tezę Thomasa Kuhnego, że to właśnie obojętność Niemców wobec Żydów – a nie nienawiść w stosunku do nich – „spowodowała masowe poparcie nazistowskiej polityki rasowej w latach trzydziestych”, autorka zastanawia się, czy „podobnej opinii nie można by sformułować pod adresem” 75 procent mieszkańców Warszawy. Materiał do analizy stanowią w znacznej mierze publikacje prasy ZWZ-AK, w tym przede wszystkim „Biuletyn Informacyjny”.
Źródło:
Studia Litteraria et Historica; 2013, 2
2299-7571
Pojawia się w:
Studia Litteraria et Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Old wounds—new challenges: Women’s war experiences in the ex-Yugoslav and Bosnian armed conflict (1991–1995)
Autorzy:
Bitunjac, Martina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
war
Yugoslavia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
women
war victims
perpetrators
violence
Opis:
Women suffered greatly during the wars in the former Yugoslavia, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They lost everything they owned, they were widowed, had to flee, were victims of sexual violence or even lost their lives. Most have never gotten over their trauma from the war. Many of their tormentors have still never been brought to justice. At the same time, there were also women who supported the military conflict and ethnic hate as spreaders of propaganda, nationalists and war criminals. This article will explore the different fates and range of agencies open to women, who were to be sure primarily victims in the Balkan wars of the 1990s, but not just. It will also be shown how even after suffering brutal wartime experiences, women are now fighting for their rights and breaking open the patriarchal social structure existing up to today.  
Źródło:
Przegląd Krytyczny; 2022, 4, 1; 27-38
2657-8964
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Krytyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is Homicide a Turning Point in the Life of Perpetrators? A Narrative Analysis of the Life Stories of Marginalized and Middle-Class Male Homicide Offenders in Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina
Autorzy:
Di Marco, Martín Hernán
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32222589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Homicide
Violence
Perpetrators
Narratives
Life Story
Turning-Points
Masculinity
Argentina
Opis:
This paper aims to analyze the relevance given to violent deaths and imprisonment by male homicide perpetrators in their biographical reconstructions. Drawing on narrative criminology, this study examines the offenders’ emic terms, rationalities, and stories. The analysis is based on seventy-three purposefully selected narrative-biographical interviews and field observations in prisons and homes of former convicts (2016-2020) in Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina. The corpus was analyzed following an inductive thematic coding strategy using ATLAS.ti. Three central narratives about homicide and incarceration emerged: “opportunity,” “rock bottom,” and “disruptive.” For most, homicide was described as a biographical opportunity to rethink their lives, pursue new pathways, and “stabilize” a previously uncontrolled lifestyle. However, homicides perpetrated by respondents with higher socioeconomic status were disruptive events. Participants used stoic rationality—the positive appraisal of painful experiences—to structure their sense-making and stories of violence. This rationality permeated perpetrators’ presentations of themselves, their turning points and lived experiences, and the violence performed and suffered. This paper grapples with the widespread assumption that homicide is a radical change in the lives of offenders and questions the universal meaning of violent death. Performing violence is not only neutralized but is also seen as an expected and inaugural event in life stories, dependent on the worldviews of the social actors.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2022, 18, 4; 110-131
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish-Jewish Lethal Polka Dance
Autorzy:
Nitza Davidovitch, Nitza
Lewin, Eyal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/628742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
Jewish-Polish relations, Israeli-Polish relations, Holocaust victims, bystanders, perpetrators.
Opis:
Aim. This paper analyses the inherent paradoxes of Jewish-Polish relations. It portrays the main beliefs that construct the contradicting narratives of the Holocaust, trying to weigh which of them is closer to the historic truth. It seeks for an answer to the question whether the Polish people were brothers-in-fate, victimized like the Jews by the Nazis, or if they were rather a hostile ethnic group. Concept. First, the notion of Poland as a haven for Jews throughout history is conveyed. This historical review shows that the Polish people as a nation have always been most tolerant towards the Jews and that anti-Semitism has existed only on the margins of society. Next, the opposite account is brought, relying on literature that shows that one thousand years of Jewish residence in Poland were also a thousand years of constant friction, with continuous hatred towards the Jews. Consequently, different accounts of World War II are presented – one shows how the Polish people were the victims, and the others deal with Poles as by-standers and as perpetrators. Results and conclusion. Inconsistency remains the strongest consistency of the relations between Jews and Poles. With the unresolved puzzle of whether the Polish people were victims, bystanders or perpetrators, this paper concludes with some comments on Israeli domestic political and educational attitudes towards Poland, that eventually influence collective concepts. Cognitive value. The fact that the issue of the Israeli-Polish relationship has not been deeply inquired, seems to attest to the reluctance of both sides to deal with what seems to form an open wound. At the same time, the revival of Jewish culture in Poland shows that, today more than ever, the Polish people are reaching out to Israelis, and are willing to deal with history at an unprecedented level. As Israelis who wish to promote universal values, a significant encounter with the Polish people may constitute a door to acceptance and understanding of others. Such acceptance can only stem from mutual discourse and physical proximity between the two peoples.  
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2019, 10, 2; 15-31
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish Educational Policy after 28 Years of Political Transformation
Autorzy:
Śliwerski, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1969406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
educational reforms
educational policy
critical pedagogy
school
democracy
contradiction
educational perpetrators
Opis:
In this article I make a critical analysis of educational policy in Poland during the 28 years of the political transformation. In the transition period in Poland, from 1989 to 2017, education did not become a source of ongoing changes in the country. Further formations of political power, selected through elections, instead of decentralizing the school system, allegedly led to the creation of new models of school in a corset of centralism. To make matters worse, the prime ministers of the following governments from different political parties, taking into account their own or party interests, created the ministry of national education (or their decision-making power apparatus) who had disturbed communicational relationships with the public. In this article, I explain the reasons for the betrayal of elites in the context of fundamental assumptions of the “Solidarity” movement in the years of 1980 – 1989. As a result, Polish society abandoned the deliberative and participatory democracy. I look at how education, as a science and practice of education, fits into democratization of the Polish state and society. What is of key importance is the perception of education as a common good, as environments and entities, institutions or management practices which participate in a democratic society.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2018, 52; 149-163
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Europejskie reguły wykonywania sankcji i środków orzeczonych wobec nieletnich sprawców czynów karalnych
European rules on the implementation of sanctions and measures passed against juvenile perpetrators of criminal offenses
Autorzy:
Dünkel, Frieder
Baechtold, Andrea
Van Zyl-Smit, Dirk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698496.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieletni
polityka kryminalna
prawa człowieka
european law
juvenile perpetrators
criminal offenses
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2009, XXXI; 35-60
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiana polityki karania w nowelizacji kodeksu karnego z 7 lipca 2022 roku. Uwagi krytyczne
Autorzy:
Pawelec, Kazimierz J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13949700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
principles of punishment
specific and general prevention
minor and juvenile
perpetrators
Opis:
Law making is akin to solving criminal puzzles. To paraphrase A. Loeb, the legislator must follow the evidence. The evidence includes empirical data, scientific research and especially the achievements of researchers. Following the above requires humility, which frees one from biases that can affect one’s observations and conclusions. Creating norms of penal law consists most of all of a systemic approach, so that this system is consistent and, most importantly, only at the end of proceedings punishes with an individual approach the offender whose guilt has been proven with all the guarantees afforded to the parties in the proceedings of a fair trial. Analysing the changes in the enacted amendment, the author focused on minor and juvenile offenders who also committed crimes, i.e. traffic accidents and, less frequently, traffic disasters or causing the immediate danger thereof. They were often an effect of extremely risky behaviour, aggression and even road rage. Should these perpetrators be punished for the consequences of these acts with all the tightened severity, as enacted by Parliament? A critical assessment of the change in punishment philosophy deserves consideration.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2023, 9, 1; 287-297
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawne i kryminologiczne aspekty przestępczości seksualnej duchownych
Legal and Criminological Aspects of Sexual Crimes of the Priests
Autorzy:
Wilk, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25806031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
przestępstwa seksualne
duchowni
Kościół
sprawcy
ofiary
sexual crimes
priests
church
perpetrators
victims
Opis:
Artykuł porusza problematykę przestępstw seksualnych duchownych Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego. Zawiera próbę przybliżenia samej skali zjawiska przestępstw seksualnych popełnianych przez duchownych w świetle dostępnych statystyk i literatury, z uwzględnieniem wybranych krajów oraz Polski, jak również wskazania przykładów reakcji Kościoła i państwa na ten problem. Przedstawione są także czynniki kryminogenne przestępczości seksualnej w Kościele, takie jak: tzw. "kultura klerykalna", sam stan duchowny jako czynnik ryzyka, celibat duchownych oraz orientacja homoseksualna sprawców. Opracowanie porusza również prawnokarne aspekty przestępstw seksualnych duchownych, a w szczególności problematykę karalnego zaniechania denuncjacji, co ma szczególne znaczenie w świetle kierowanych pod adresem Kościoła zarzutów o "tuszowanie" przestępstw seksualnych popełnionych przez duchownych lub pomaganie sprawcom w uniknięciu odpowiedzialności.
The article refers to the problem of sexual crimes of Roman Catholic priests. It includes an attempt of estimation of the range of the problem, based on available statistics and literature, as well as examples of reaction to the problem from the Church itself and from the state. The author analyzes potential criminogenic factors of sexual crimes in the Church, such as: the co-called “clerical culture”, the priesthood itself as a risk factor, celibacy of the clergy and homosexual orientation of the perpetrators. The article also describes the criminal law aspects of the problem, especially the punishable omission of denunciation, which is particularly important in the light of accusations of “covering up” sexual crimes by the Church or helping the perpetrators to avoid responsibility.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Karnego; 2022, 6, 1; 1-26
0208-5577
2353-9712
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Karnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obraz przestępczości nieletnich w Polsce w badaniach kryminologicznych – przed i po transformacji
The Picture of Juvenile Delinquency in Poland in Criminological Research: Before and After Transformation
Autorzy:
Rzeplińska, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość nieletnich
badania kryminologiczne
czyn karalny
juvenile delinquency
criminological research
juvenile perpetrators
Opis:
Patterns of offences committed by youth aged 13–16: in contemporary Poland and fifteen years earlier – in the 1980s. The limit is 1989, a year when major social and political changes in Poland begun. What was different and what was similar in offences between these two groups of youth.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2006, XXVIII; 331-343
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reporting of workplace violence towards nurses in 5 European countries – a cross-sectional study
Autorzy:
Babiarczyk, Beata
Turbiarz, Agnieszka
Tomagová, Martina
Zeleníková, Renáta
Önler, Ebru
Sancho Cantus, David
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
occupational health
nurse
physical violence
perpetrators
verbal abuse
reasons for non-reporting
Opis:
ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess country-specific evidence of physical and non-physical acts of workplace violence towards nurses working in the health sector in 5 European countries, and then to identify reasons for not reporting violence experienced at work.Material and MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 participating countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, and Spain). All registered nurses working in selected healthcare settings for at least 1 year were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire adapted from the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study – Questionnaire, developed jointly by the International Labour Office, the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization and Public Services International, was used. The selection of healthcare settings and the distribution of the questionnaire were conducted according to the recommendations of the questionnaire authors.ResultsIn total, 1089 nurses submitted completed questionnaires which could be included in the study. Of these, 54% stated that they had been exposed to non-physical violence and 20% had been exposed to physical violent acts. A total of 15% of the surveyed nurses experienced both forms of workplace violence. In addition, 18% of the respondents confirmed having witnessed physical violence in their workplace. The most common perpetrators were patients and patients’ relatives. In about 70% of these cases, no actions were taken after the act of violence to investigate its causes. About half of the study group did not report workplace violence as they believed it was useless or not important. The most common consequences of workplace violence included being “superalert” or watchful and on guard.ConclusionsNurses internationally are both victims of and witnesses to workplace violence. Workplace violence is often seen by nurses as an occupational hazard and, as such, it remains not reported. The first step in preventing workplace violence is not only to acknowledge its existence but also to ensure the appropriate reporting of violent acts.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 3; 325-338
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieletni sprawcy przestępstw popełnionych pod wpływem alkoholu
Juvenile Perpetrators of Offences Committed Under the Influence of Alcohol
Autorzy:
Krawczyk, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698524.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieletni sprawcy
przestępstwa
alkohol
alkoholizm
badania kryminologiczne
juvenile perpetrators
offences
alcohol
alcoholism
criminological research
Opis:
For many years now, excessive drinking has been among the main symptoms of social pathology in Poland. Also the fact is beyond any doubt that  drinking is strongly related to crime: it is ussually found in over a half of offences known to the police committed by adults. The problem of drinking also plays an important part in the process of juvenile demoralization and delinquency. This fact was noticed by the legislator who, in the Act of October 26, 1982 on proceedings in cases of juveniles, situated drinking among the symptoms of demoralization. Among the juveniles found quality of offences, the proportion of those who drink alcohol is quite large, the offenders’ actual age considered. In recent  years, that proportion has been over 11,0% of all juvenile delinquents. There are also among the juveniles found quality of offences those who committed acts  prohibited by law while under the influence of alcohol. In recent years, the proportion of, such juveniles has been over 5,0% and, shows an upward trend. There is among the excessively drinking juvenile delinquents a decided majority of boys, whose proportion has always been over 91,0% in the last 20 years. The paper reports on a national empirical study of two groups of boys born in 1959. The first group consisted of 100 respondents who committed as juveniles at least one offence while under the influence of alcohol. The other group which also consisted of 100 persons (the control group) were boys selected from among the juveniles delinquents who committed offences but did not drink any alcohol before that act. The source of data on the two groups of respondents were: court files; records of implementation of the educational or corrective measures applied by the court, files of criminal cases for offences committed by those persons as adults; questionnaires sent out to sobering-up stations; as well as standarized interviews with the respondents themselves. The study has shown a number of differences between juveniles who commit offences under the influence of alcohol and the remaining juvenile delinquents. The main such differences are as follows: Different types of delinquency in the broad sense: ‒ offences committed under the influence of alcohol were frequently not the first offences of the examined juveniles (44,0% of cases, as compared to 7,0% in the control group); ‒ such offences were usually committed at the age of 15‒16 (93,0%), that is rather late in the juvenile’s career, at the threshold of statutory age: ‒ the offences committed by the first group were decidedly more aggressive and dangerous for the life and health of their victims than those committed by the control group; ‒ nearly 50,0% of the offences committed under the influence of alcohol were commitied in the streets (control group ‒ 39,3%); ‒ the juveniles who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were acting alone nearly 30 times more often than the remaining juvenile deliquents. In the case of boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol, their state of health, family situation, and ‒ consequently ‒ also scholastic achievements were inferior to those in the control group: ‒ as few as 67,0% of boys in the first group were brought up in complete families (control group ‒ 82,0%); what is more, in 52,3% of those families disturbed functioning was found which was due to: alcoholism, excessive drinking, serious chronic diseases, disablement, mental disorders, delinquency or prostitution of one or both parents; thus as few as about one-third of the families of juveniles who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were fully efficient educational milieu; ‒ 69,0% of the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were educationally neglected by their parents (control group ‒ 53,0%); ‒ 44,0% of the boys who commiited offences under the influence of alcohol (as compared to 25,0% in the control group) had as children suffered from serious diseases that affected their psycho-physical development, organic lesions or diseases of the central nervous system, or slight or minor degrees of mental deficiency; ‒ 7,0% of the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol did not go to school despite the fact that education is compulsory at their age (control group – 2%), and 58,0% (70,7% of those who did go to school) were educationally retarded by one to four years (control group – 51,0% that is 52,6% of the school-goers); The degree of social maladjustment was much higher in the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol: ‒ nearly a half of juveniles in that group were recidivists (44,0%, as compared to as few as 7,0% in the control group); ‒ 65,0% of the boys who drank (that is, by about one-third more than  among all juvenile delinqents) were cigarette smokers, and had started smoking long before their first contacts with alcohol; ‒ although the number of juveniles who ran away from home was similar in both groups, those who committed offences under the influence of alcohol did that more often and frequently drank alcohol while vagrant; ‒ 85,0% of boys in the first group (by about 20,0% more than among all juvenile delinquents) used to run the streets unsupervised, 79,0% with demoralized friends: ‒ as few as 5,0% of juveniles who committed offences under the infleunce of alcohol showed no symptoms of social maladjustment, other than those offences (23,0% among all juvenile delinquents), and at least three such symptoms were found in 69,0% (45,0% among all juvenile delinquents). In sum, the group of boys who had committed offences under the influence of alcohol in childhood was in many respects „worse'', and frequently much „worse'' than the control group selected from among all juvenile delinquents. Such boys would prove worse still were they compared with a representative sample of all Poles born in 1959. The facts discussed above prove the truth of the statement that juveniles who commit offences under the influences of alcohol are a high risk group compared to properly socialized young persons. They should therefore be submitted to special care by the competent agencies, including in particular family courts; however, no evidence of such care could be found in the study.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 183-211
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedzialność nieletnich za czyny z art. 10 § 2 k.k. przed sądem rodzinnym i przed sądem karnym
Analysis of proceedings in criminal courts and in juvenile courts in selected cases of criminal deeds committed by perpetrators between15 and17 years
Autorzy:
Czarnecka-Dzialuk, Beata
Drapała, Katarzyna
Więcek-Durańska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość nieletnich
polityka sądów rodzinnych
polityka kryminalna
poważna przestępczość nieletnich
juvenile perpetrators
criminal court
demoralized
Opis:
The article describes results of research made in Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości (Institute of Justice) which aimed to specify factors and circumstances influencing tougher penalties for wrongful deeds committed by persons between 15 and 16 years old and to draft a profile of juvenile perpetrators of most dangerous criminal deeds. 292 cases were analysed, of which 71 in criminal courts and 221 in family courts . Cases concerned wrongful deeds under article 10 paragraph 3 of criminal code as of 2004-2008. 375 juvenile perpetrators were studied, of which 134 cases were judged in care and education proceedings, 114 cases in correctional proceedings, and 82 juvenile delinquents were tried in a criminal court. The file research questionnaire included seven parts to examine: the wrongful deed and circumstances of its commitment, characteristics of the juvenile delinquent, information about the injured persons, the course of the preparatory proceedings, proceedings before the court, and the sentenced measures and appeal against them. Information obtained from the research allowed for numerous conclusions. Most of all, it allowed to evaluate the practice of sentencing in cases of juvenile perpetrators of most serious crimes, in particular to evaluate the possibility to sentence the juvenile delinquent under article 10 paragraph 2 of the criminal code. In general, this evaluation is positive. It also appeared that the policy of exceptional penal measures for under age persons has remained the same in the recent years. The cases are not numerous, just as they were not in the past, which supports the idea that possibility of bringing juvenile delinquents to the criminal court is used rather cautiously and as an exception to the rule, in cases of the most drastic character and committed by more demoralized young persons who committed crimes under influence of alcohol, used violence, and dangerous tools. The juvenile who were tried in criminal courts, more often than ones who were tried in family courts, cooperated with adults and acted to the detriment of adults (they caused death of the victim in one fifth of cases ). More of them had been tried in family courts, and educational or correctional measures had failed. In 95% of the cases tried in crim-inal courts the researchers were convinced of the rightness of such method of treatment, and only in few cases tried in family courts there were doubts if not using the article 10 paragraph 2 of criminal code was right because of definitely negative prediction and serious character of the wrongful deed. Assessment if decision was right was difficult as information in the court files were laconic and sporadically even lacked sufficient personal information – particularly in cases qualified for care and education proceedings.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2012, XXXIV; 275-365
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 38

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