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Tytuł:
Zjawisko wirtualizacji pieniądza w warunkach polskich
Money virtualization – Poland’s perspective
Autorzy:
Maciejasz-Świątkiewicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Tematy:
pieniądz wirtualny
wirtualizacja pieniądza
pieniądz elektroniczny
virtual money
money virtualization
electronic money
Opis:
Pieniądz jest elementem gospodarki od wieków. Przez ten czas jego forma ewoluowała od prymitywnych produktów do banknotów i monet. Współcześnie coraz powszechniejsze staje się korzystanie z pieniądza elektronicznego, a nawet pieniądza wirtualnego. Pojawiają się zatem pytania, jak ten pieniądz działa, czy pełni takie same funkcje jak tradycyjny pieniądz i czy na pewno jest istotną alternatywą dla obecnie funkcjonującego pieniądza fiducjarnego. W tym kontekście rodzi się pytanie, czy system finansowy w obecnym kształcie może nadal funkcjonować, czy też będzie raczej ewoluować w kierunku systemu opartego na walucie wirtualnej. Celem opracowania jest próba przedstawienia pieniądza wirtualnego jako alternatywy dla tradycyjnego pieniądza oraz ewentualnych konsekwencji wynikających z jego ekspansji na rynku. Analiza zawarta w opracowaniu odnosi się przede wszystkim do warunków polskich.
Money has been an element of the economy for centuries. During this time, its form evolved from primitive items to banknotes and coins. Nowadays, the use of electronic money and even virtual money is becoming more and more common. Therefore, there appear the questions how this money works, whether it fulfills the same functions as traditional money and whether it is an important alternative to the currently operating fiat money. In this context, the question arises whether the financial system in its present shape may continue to function or whether it rather evolves towards a system based on virtual currency. The aim of the study is to present virtual money as an alternative to traditional money and possible consequences of its expansion on the market. The analysis included in the study refers primarily to Polish conditions.
Źródło:
Bezpieczny Bank; 2017, 3 (68); 23-38
1429-2939
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczny Bank
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects for introducing the concept of “digital things” and “digital content”: expanding the scope of regulation of virtual assets
Autorzy:
Hrytsai, Serhii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10487432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
fintech
virtual assets
cryptocurrency
bitcoin
electronic money
money surrogate
Opis:
The lack of a legal framework did not prevent Ukraine from ranking third among the world leaders in the use of cryptocurrencies in 2022. In terms of the sum of indicators, Ukraine is ahead of such tech giants as the United States (5th place), China (10th place), and the United Kingdom (17th place). The purpose of the study is to identify the underlying principles for the introduction of a new legal definition of “digital things” and “digital content” and their prospects for use, which are laid down in draft laws No. 6447 and No. 6576, as initiatives that are satellites to the relevant law on virtual assets. As a reminder, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine “On Virtual Assets” No. 2074-IX on February 17, 2022. Since the adoption of Law 2074 by the Parliament of Ukraine on February 17, 2022 and until the period of 2023, significant events have taken place. They have significantly affected the plans of the Parliament of Ukraine to launch mandatory amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine provided for in the Draft Law 7150 and simultaneously enact Law 2074 from October 1, 2022. The study was based on the analysis of the legislative framework of Ukraine, the European Union and other international acts, including those ratified by the Parliament of Ukraine. The study has led to a number of conclusions. Draft Law No. 6447 introduces the definition of a “digital thing” that is in circulation only in digital form; these include virtual assets, digital content, online accounts, money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form. Its adoption will help potential consumers to protect their rights to digital content, online accounts, virtual assets, even money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form. Comparing the concepts of “digital thing” and “digital content” proposed by draft laws No. 6447 and No. 6576, we found signs of legal tautology in determining what is primary and what is secondary. The addition of the words “digital content” to Article 177 of the Civil Code and the expansion of the concept of a thing to “material and digital things” is at least more declarative.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 2(38); 7-25
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
REDISCOVERING MISES-HAYEK MONETARY AND BUSINESS CYCLE THEORY IN LIGHT OF THE CURRENT CRISIS: CREDIT EXPANSION AS A SOURCE OF ECONOMIC BOOM AND BUST
Autorzy:
Mrowiec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599398.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
Mises
Borio
Austrian School
Chicago Plan
private money creation
fiat money
fiduciary money
boom-bust cycles
Opis:
The article starts with a brief description of Mises’ monetary theory, with emphasis on the Misesian differentiation of two kinds of credit: commodity and circulation credit, and with the description of the impact of circulation credit expansion on the business cycle. Further on it is described how Mises’ insights constituted the kernel of Austrian Business Cycle Theory, and how the same observations on the nature of credit constituted the kernel of the Chicago Plan (though Mises’ views on the nature of credit led him to different conculsions than it led the authors of the Chicago Plan), and how this plan is being “rediscovered” now. The following sections deal with observations of one of the preeminent current macroeconomic researches, Mr. Claudio Borio, on the elasticity of credit as the source of the current crisis, and on the importance of the financial cycle in analysing the current economic crisis. The author of this text demonstrates that Austrian Business Cycle Theory gave the same answer regarding the sources of economic crises that now modern macroeconomic theory seems to be approaching, and that the postulates for successful financial cycle modeling are already included in the ABCT. Finally, some observations on the current crisis, as well as proposals of avenues of further research are proposed.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2013, 9, 2; 64-74
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychological consequences of money and money attitudes in dictator game
Autorzy:
Gąsiorowska, Agata
Hełka, Anna M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
money
priming
money attitudes
pro-social preferences
dictator game
Opis:
According to the research conducted by Vohs, Mead, and Goode (2006, 2008), reminders of money cause people to behave self-sufficiently, and especially to reveal a reduced tendency to charitable behaviour. In this study, we wanted to establish if this tendency would be present in the dictator game, and if so, whether money activation would just change behaviour, or whether it would also change people’s evaluation of their own decisions. We assumed that people who revealed symbolic and instrumental money attitudes would react differently to money activation. As expected, money priming caused smaller money transfers compared to the control condition, and this effect was significant among those with symbolic attitudes toward money. Moreover, participants who transferred at least half of the sum after money activation declared stronger negative emotions and lower satisfaction with the decision than those who made similar transfers in the control condition.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 1; 20-26
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comments on a presentation delivered by Stefan Brunnhuber on the topic "Money and Sustainability. The Missing Link" on October 17, 2013
Komentarz do prezentacji przedstawionej przez Stefana Brunnhubera na kanwie książki "Money and Sustainability. The Missing Link" w dniu 17 października 2013 r.
Autorzy:
Prandecki, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Prognoz Polska 2000 Plus PAN
Tematy:
Money and Sustainability
Źródło:
Przyszłość. Świat-Europa-Polska; 2014, 1; 158-160
1895-0949
Pojawia się w:
Przyszłość. Świat-Europa-Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Index of the cycle of money - The case of Poland
Autorzy:
Challoumis, Constantinos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2207157.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the cycle of money
index of the cycle of money
Opis:
This paper aims at assessesing how a well-established theory of the cycle of money works in a real scenario like the economic system of Poland. The prior works have revealed the case of Latvia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Thailand and Ukraine accord- ing to the concept of the theory of the cycle of money. The outcomes show that Poland is over the average global value. The results confirm that Poland is a well-structured economy able to overcome an economic crisis. The current work is significant, as it verifies the strength of Poland’s economy to a potential crisis. The period under analysis encompasses the years 2012–2017, i.e. a period in which the EU and other European countries counteracted an economic crisis. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to show the condition of Poland’s economy, based on that theory. The paper aims to cal- culate the index of the cycle of money. The hypothesis of the paper is the econometric testability of the index of the cycle of money. The general index of the cycle of money of Poland’s rate is 0.62 for the above-mentioned period of crisis in the Eurozone and more generally in Europe. Poland’s index is much higher than this minimum rate. This is the only published work for Poland following this theory; therefore, it provides new findings of the economy of Poland, based on on the theory of the cycle of money.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2022, 6, 1; 72-86
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy z rozumieniem współczesnego pieniądza
The Problems of Contemporary Money
Autorzy:
Gruszecki, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/654894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
pieniądze
teorie pieniądza
barter
pieniądze papierowe
definicja klasyczna – trzy funkcje pieniądza
money
theories of money
paper money
the classical definition – three functions of money
Opis:
The aim of the article is to review the existent theories of money and money definitions that result from them. What is still provided in the textbooks is, first of all, a classical definition of money which emphasasizes three basic functions that is serves which are: its transactional function, money as the measure of value and the thesaurus function of money. Secondly, money originates in the barter system. The classical definition was fully-justified until money could covered in precious metals, at least partly. Or this reason money cannot be currently expected to pay all three functions mentioned above. Hence the following hypothesis: First of all, the classical 3-functional money definition has been invalid for a longer while now. It is still existent in textbooks, It has become inert. Secondly, modern Anglo-Saxon literature makes a comeback to the perception of money as the product introduced by the State which is the main factor in the creation of the monetary system and regulation of monetary markets. It is included in the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). Hence the second hypothesis. If we decide to support the idea of paper money dominance the definition of money has to include only two functions: money as a mean of transaction and as the measure of value. The thesaurus function is skipped as it is still desired, however not guaranteed (to a different degree and at different times). Simultaneously, a number of current historical analyses support the thesis that the traditional theory on the origin of money which is believed to come from the barter system cannot be supported any more. The concept of the barter is strongly criticized both in the Modern Monetary Theory and recently shaped theory stating that money is a contract (D. Graeber). The review of MMT points to discrepancies between a traditional classical 3-functional perception of money and the definition of money as a debt and it originating in the State. The last two approaches sometimes coincide and the form of paper money-Fiat Money can be explained only on their basis. The classical definition of money which is still present in textbooks would make sense if there was a comeback to money being covered in gold and if it was concluded that the fact it lacks cover is historically temporary. However it would be in total disagreement with the mainstream economic thoughts since Keynes times. At the same time serious accusations were formed against barter as the first stage of the origin of money.
Trudno o bardziej podstawową kategorię w ekonomii niż pieniądz. Jak to często bywa z pojęciami kluczowymi trudno o ich precyzyjną definicję; przyjmuje się je jako oczywiste, np. sformułowanie w podręczniku Samuelsona i Nordhausa (1995): „pieniądz to w końcu wszystko, czym możemy płacić…”. Definicja pieniądza, jeszcze 40 lat temu oczywista, stała się niewygodna dla sektora finansowego po ostatecznej dominacji pieniądza papierowego bez pokrycia (Fiat Money). Kryzys finansowy i arbitralna polityka władz monetarnych spowodowały powrót do dyskusji na temat: czym jest współczesny pieniądz? Dyskusja taka toczy się w krajach anglosaskich, pokazując zasadnicze różnice poglądów. Środowiska w Europie wydają się pochłonięte dyskusją nad obroną i przetrwaniem euro. W Polsce fakt, że w toczącej się dyskusji zostało zakwestionowane dotychczasowe rozumienie pieniądza, nie został dotąd odnotowany; jak zwykle doganiamy świat, uważając że przyszłość pieniądza koncentruje się na euro. Poniższy artykuł sygnalizuje, na przykładowo dobranej literaturze, zasadnicze spory odnośnie istoty pieniądza.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2015, 6, 317
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money laundering and cybercrime
Autorzy:
Krupa, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-06
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
cyberspace
cybercrime
money laundering
Opis:
In order to be used legally, proceeds from criminal activity must be laundered first. One type of crime that can be linked to money laundering is cybercrime, which has to be fought with special tools allowing for operation in cyberspace. Money laundering, and the related financing of terrorism and organised crime, pose a major threat to state security and financial stability.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2022, 8, 2; 160-165
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realizacja obowiązków wobec osób zajmujących eksponowane stanowiska polityczne, wynikających z ustawy z 1 marca 2018 r. o przeciwdziałaniu praniu pieniędzy i finansowaniu terroryzmu
Fulfillment of obligations in relation to politically exposed persons, resulting from the Act of 1 March 2018 on Counteracting Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism
Autorzy:
Podraza, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
money laundering
deputy
bank
Opis:
The Act on Counteracting Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism imposes upon obligated institutions (including banks) the obligation, crucial in relation to the other requirements specified in the Act in question, to implement appropriate procedures enabling the identification of clients or their actual beneficiaries as Politically Exposed Persons (PEP). The identification of a client as a PEP status person means that increased financial security measures need to be applied to him/her and his/her family members and close associates on account of potentially greater risk of money laundering, financing of terrorism or corruption. Consequently, in the author’s view and in light of the provisions of the Act on counteracting money laundering, a Sejm Deputy and his/her immediate family members may be obligated by the bank to submit a declaration on the source of the client’s property and assets at the client’s disposal as part of business relationships or transactions.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 1(69); 183-188
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can Cryptocurrencies be the Future of Money? The Role of Democracy
Autorzy:
Karan, Mehmet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13925611.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-27
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
cryptocurrencies
fiat money
democracy
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to evaluate if cryptocurrencies that have robust technology and anonymous features can be the money of the future. In this study, the transition phases of paper money, which started to be used at the beginning of the 17th century, to bank money, then banknotes and fiat money were examined. By pointing out that the fiat money system has developed within the conditions of humanity's search for democracy and freedom. It has been stated that fiat money can only be successful in democratic systems where institutions operate freely, and therefore fiat money is an instrument of democracy. It has been concluded that the authoritarian tendencies, which have started in the world since the 21st century due to nationalism, migration, and climate change, are an important factor in the widespread use of cryptocurrencies. It has been concluded that the spread of cryptocurrencies is directly dependent on the democratic practices of countries and if authoritarianism rises, the use of cryptocurrencies will inevitably be more.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2022, 6, 1; 7-15
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bitcoin versus money: civil-law analysis of the concept
Bitcoin a pieniądz – cywilnoprawna analiza pojęcia
Autorzy:
Goldiszewicz, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1359798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
bitcoin
pieniądz
waluta
środek płatniczy
kryptowaluta
pieniądz legalny
pieniądz prywatny
money
currency
legal tender
cryptocurrency
legal money
private money
Opis:
The article attempts to conduct a civil-law based analysis of bitcoin, which is the most representative example of the so-called cryptocurrencies. The unit, like money, fulfils the payment and exchange functions, becoming an alternative to traditional currencies. This circumstance justifies the need to consider whether bitcoin can be recognised as money. Therefore, it has been analysed against the background of the concept of money. The presented study has made it possible to assume that bitcoin constitutes private money. This, in turn, opens the possibility of assessing the manner of settling a liability expressed in a bitcoin unit, e.g. partially through the prism of the institutions typical of pecuniary payments. Such an approach is the only one that does not distort the essence of bitcoin, which was originally intended to be an alternative to legal money.
W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę cywilnoprawnej analizy bitcoin, stanowiącego najbardziej reprezentatywny przykład tzw. kryptowaluty. Jednostka ta – podobnie jak pieniądz – pełni funkcję płatniczą, wymiany, stając się alternatywą dla tradycyjnej waluty. Okoliczność ta uzasadniła potrzebę rozważania, czy bitcoin może być uznany za pieniądz. W związku z tym został on przeanalizowany na tle pojęcia pieniądza. Prowadzone rozważania pozwoliły przyjąć, że bitcoin stanowi pieniądz prywatny. To z kolei otwiera możliwość podjęcia próby oceny sposobu spełnienia świadczenia wyrażonego w jednostce bitcoin przez częściowy chociażby pryzmat instytucji właściwych dla świadczeń pieniężnych. Takie spojrzenie, jako jedyne, nie wypacza bowiem istoty bitcoin, które w swym założeniu stanowić miało alternatywę dla pieniądza legalnego.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2019, 13, 3; 195-209
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O pewnych właściwościach pieniądza
Autorzy:
Rybarski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Nowym Sączu
Tematy:
pieniądz
Arystofanes
Kopernik
Smith
Galbraith
pieniądz kruszcowy
pieniądz papierowy
euro
bony dolarowe
pieniądz dobry
pieniądz zły
dolaryzacja
euroizacja
money
Aristophanes
Copernicus
commodity money
paper money
substitute dollar bills
good money
bad money
dollarization
euroization
Opis:
W artykule opisano zmiany, jakie przeszedł pieniądz, poczynając od wynalezienia go w roku 650 p.n.e. w Lidii do czasów współczesnych. Przez większość tego czasu występowało zjawisko wypierania pieniądza lepszego przez pieniądz gorszy. Przyjmuje się, że jako pierwszy opisał je w roku 450 p.n.e. w komedii Żaby Arystofanes. W kolejnych wiekach zwrócili uwagę na to zjawisko M. Oresme, M. Kopernik i T. Gresham. H.D. Macleod nazwał je prawem Greshama, a K. Gide nazwą tą objął również wypieranie pieniądza kruszcowego przez pieniądz papierowy. Współcześnie można się z kolei spotkać się z poglądem, że w krajach o wysokiej inflacji działa odwrotność prawa Greshama, czyli że pieniądz lepszy wypiera z obiegu pieniądz gorszy. Przykładem tego jest dolaryzacja, wprowadzenie euro i euroizacja. W sumie pieniądz jest wyjątkowym zjawiskiem. Współcześnie w części ma postać materialną, a w części utracił swój byt fizyczny, będąc zapisem elektronicznym. Można zatem powiedzieć, że pieniądz z droższego materiału jest wypierany przez pieniądz z materiału tańszego, aby w końcu stać się zapisem, jakimś ideałem. Nadal jest jednak narażony na psucie, a forma psucia uległa dematerializacji. Psuciem tym jest inflacja, a w ślad za tym deprecjacja i utrata siły nabywczej. Ponadto na początku wieku XXI wystąpiły trzy zdarzenia dolaryzacja, zastąpienie pieniądza krajowego w szeregu państw przez „wymyśloną” jednostkę pieniężna nazwaną euro oraz euroizacja. Rezultatem tych zdarzeń jest ograniczenie w pewnym stopniu suwerenności państw objętych tymi zmianami.
This article portrays the process of transformation of money since its invention in 650 BC in Lidia up to modern times. Most of this time there dominated a principle that „bad money drives out good one”. It is believed that this principle was first noted by Aristophanes in his play „The Frogs”, which dates from around the end of 5th century BC. In the centuries that followed the law that the more valuable commodity money would disappear from circulation was stated by Nicole Oresme, Nicolaus Copernicus and Sir Thomas Gresham respectively. The law was named Gresham's law by Henry Macleod and Charles Gide used the same name to describe the displacement of metal coin money by paper money. Nowadays, however, a view is offered that in countries with high inflation the opposite phenomenon to Gresham's law occurs, i.e., „good” money drives out „bad” money from circulation. Examples of this tendency are dollarization, an introduction of the Euro and euroisation. All in all, money is a unique phenomenon. Nowadays, in part, it has a physical form, and in part it has lost its physical existence for the sake of an electronic record. Thus, it can be said that fine substance money is rid of by cheap substance money in order to eventually become an electronic record, a nebulous idea. Yet it is still prone to deterioration, and the form of deterioration has dematerialized. This deterioration is manifested through inflation, followed by depreciation and a loss of purchasing power. Furthermore, at the beginning of the 21st century three developments have been witnessed. Dolarisation, replacement of national currency in a number of countries by an „invented” monetary unit called the Euro, and euroisation. As a result of these events, the sovereignty of countries affected by these changes is limited to some extent.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne. Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo, Środowisko; 2018, 1/2018 (2); 102-112
2544-6916
2544-7858
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne. Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo, Środowisko
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O kontrowersjach wokół funkcjonalnej definicji pieniądza
On Controversies about the Functional Definition of Money
Autorzy:
Włodarczyk, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/590555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Finanse
Pieniądz
Finance
Money
Opis:
In the economic literature there is a tendency not to define the nature of money, but to specify functions that money is supposed to perform or to assume that these functions are determining the nature of money. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate some controversies arising upon the acceptance of the functional definition of money. The analysis focused on particular (traditionally defined) functions of money (means of payments, store of value, medium of exchange and unit of account). Conducted considerations allowed to attribute fundamental importance to the unit of account function of money.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 176; 133-142
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Literacki mariaż seksu z finansami w Drwalu Michała Witkowskiego
Autorzy:
Targosz, Daria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1052538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-15
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
sexuality
erotism
finances
money
Opis:
Michał Witkowski’s novel Drwal (The woodcutter) shows various approaches to the subject of sexuality, what seems particularly inspiring, cognitively valuable and important from the perspective of this article is corporeality connected with elements related to money and finances, which are based on an integral, inseparable connection of two – seemingly not directly related – areas: sex and finances. For the novel’s protagonists, these two areas are inextricably complementing each other. The goal of this article is to examine and interpret the images of sexuality related to the sphere of finances presented by Witkowski, to understand their functions, to consider the consequences of combining these two areas, and to analyze the relationship between erotica relationship with the financial sphere and the uneroticizing of human sexuality. Thus the aim of this text is to verify whether the sexuality described in the novel is devoid of eroticism. Further, the paper discuse the manner of presenting these approaches to sexuality. The article also considerate the language of showing this specific approach to sexuality and reflection on its implications.
Źródło:
Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne; 2019, 9; 9-18
2084-1302
Pojawia się w:
Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Counterfeiting of banknotes in Poland
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, Remigiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45658060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-13
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
banknotes
security
money counterfeiting
Opis:
The article presents in a broad perspective the phnomenon of the banknote counterfeiting in Poland. It was was investigated using an analytical approach based on various factors characterizing the discussed practice. The denominations most exposed to counterfeiting (PLN 100 and PLN 200) were identified, the number of criminal proceedings conducted in cases of money counterfeiting was examined, and the structure of banknotes seized as doubtful was analysed. In addition, an analysis of the PPM indicator showing the number of counterfeits per 1 million banknotes in circulation was carried out, comparing Poland's data with data from other countries. The article also presents the basic classification of banknote counterfeits. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that Polish banknotes are characterized by high resistance to counterfeiting, resulting from the recent modernization of the banknotes and their well-chosen security features. At the same time, the Polish currency - due to its local nature and relative weakness against the EUR and USD - is not attractive to international criminal groups specializing in counterfeiting.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2023, 151(3); 233-255
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ilość i jakość pieniądza - perspektywa cybernetyczna
The Quantity and Quality of Money - Cybernetic Perspective
Autorzy:
Włodarczyk, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/586241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Efektywność
Pieniądz
Podaż pieniądza
Siła nabywcza
Effectiveness
Money
Money supply
Purchasing power
Opis:
Popularność ilościowej teorii pieniądza sprawiła, że rozważania na temat jakości pieniądza, które wydają się niezbędne dla całościowej oceny efektywności funkcjonowania systemów pieniężnych, zostały w znacznym stopniu zmarginalizowane. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wybrane poglądy na temat wzajemnych relacji ilości i jakości pieniądza, a także podjęto próbę oszacowania wpływu jednoczesnego zwiększania podaży pieniądza i spadku siły nabywczej pieniądza na jego zdolność do obsługi procesów gospodarczych. Przeprowadzone rozważania pozwoliły na stwierdzenie, że nawet jeżeli tempo wzrostu podaży pieniądza jest szybsze niż tempo spadku jego siły nabywczej, to w pewnych warunkach zdolność pieniądza do obsługi procesów gospodarczych może zmaleć.
Because of the popularity of the quantity theory of money investigations in the quality of money (which seem to be indispensable to assess the global efficiency of monetary systems) have been marginalized. This article presents selected opinions on the relations between quantity and quality of money and tries to estimate the impact of simultaneous increases of the supply of money and erosion of its purchasing power. Conducted consideration allow to conclude that even if the rate of growth of supply of money is greater than the rate of decrease of its purchasing power, the ability of money to serve economic processes may (under certain conditions) diminish.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2015, 236; 61-72
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz i spójność procesów ekonomicznych
Money and Cohesion of Economic Processes
Деньги и сплоченность экономических процессов
Autorzy:
Żyżyński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
pieniądz
banki
kreacja pieniądza
kryzys instytucji
money
banks
money creation
institutional crisis
Opis:
Artykuł podejmuje kwestię roli pieniądza we współczesnej gospodarce. Proponuje redefinicję tego pojęcia i zdefiniowanie go jak „prawa do nabywania dóbr i usług”. Ten sposób rozumienia pieniądza pozwala lepiej zrozumieć jego funkcje w gospodarce i prowadzi do ważnych wniosków. Autor pokazuje mechanizm kreacji pieniądza w procesach realizacji funkcji pośrednictwa w systemie bankowym i rolę banku centralnego oraz związków z zagranicą ukazywanych w bilansie płatniczym. Opisuje kształtowanie agregatu pieniężnego i dowodzi, że kryzys współczesnego pieniądza w jego funkcjach ekonomicznych ma swe źródła w kryzysach instytucji współczesnego systemu finansowego.
The paper deals with an issue of a role of money in a modern economy. It proposes a new definition of this term and specifies it as “rights to buy goods and services’. Such a way to under-stand money allows to better understand its functions in the economy and leads to important con-clusions. The author shows mechanism of money creation in processes of intermediation in a banking system and discusses a role of a central bank and international relationships reflected in a balance of payments. He describes creation of money aggregates and argues that crisis of modern money in its economic functions results from crises of institutions of the modern financial system.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2016, 46; 80-122
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Growing labor productivity and securitization – the two surprising factors of income inequality
Autorzy:
Sopoćko, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/583045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
LTRO
money supply
income distribution
Opis:
The paper tries to indicate two reasons for worldwide growing income disparity. The first one is capitalism transformation from individual ownership to anonymous, broadly diversified portfolio holders, who do not adhere to a particular company for a long time. The leading role is played by the company management, especially its CEO. Capital owners become finance holders who look only at temporarily best investment opportunities. Therefore, the managers are compelled to race for higher rate of return. To ensure that the assets portfolio of financial owners is diversified, financial capitalists prefer short-time investment strategies, focusing more on short-time efficiency than on long-time development, mainly on cost reductions, including workers’ salaries. Such efforts are accompanied by a strong and continuous rise in labour productivity (the second factor). Over time, fewer people are needed to participate in the production process, which contributes to the weakness of the labour force in the struggles for salary. This constrains the income rise for a big part of the society and leads to a global demand squeeze.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 482; 240-251
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bitcoin jako pieniądz w perspektywie islamu (wybrane problemy)
Autorzy:
Kurek, Robert
Adamek, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Islam
money
bitcoin
islam
pieniądz
Opis:
The article presents the analysis and evaluation of the essence of bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) from the perspective of its (their) adaptability to the Muslim concept of money. From an economic point of view in the so-called Western culture, all the classical functions of money cannot be fully attributed to bitcoin. Although it performs the function of an exchange medium and the means of payment, it does not fulfil the role of a value storing instrument and thus proves to be a defective measure of value. In the Islamic world, the perception of bitcoin as money is a more complex problem because its economic presentation overlaps with religious issues. Such relationship results in a situation when the answer to the question: can bitcoin be approached as money, is formulated on the basis of a subjective interpretation of the Sharia law, which is also ambiguous.
Treścią artykułu jest analiza i ocena istoty bitcoina (oraz innych kryptowalut) z punktu widzenia jego (ich) przystawalności do muzułmańskiej koncepcji pieniądza. Z ekonomicznego punktu widzenia w tzw. kulturze Zachodu bitcoinowi nie można w pełni przypisać wszystkich klasycznych funkcji pieniądza. Choć realizuje on funkcję środka wymiany i środka płatniczego, to jednak nie wypełnia roli instrumentu tezauryzacji oraz w ułomny sposób sprawdza się jako miernik wartości. W świecie islamu postrzeganie bitcoina jako pieniądza jest zagadnieniem bardziej złożonym, ponieważ jego ujęcie ekonomiczne przenika się z kwestiami wyznaniowymi. Mariaż ten prowadzi do sytuacji, w której odpowiedź na pytanie, czy bitcoina można traktować jako pieniądz, jest formułowana w oparciu o subiektywną interpretację prawa szariatu, która jest niejednoznaczna.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2018, 52, 3
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Household Money Holdings in the Euro Area: An Explorative Investigation
Autorzy:
Seitz, Franz
von Landesberger, Julian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/565699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
money demand
cointegrated VARs
households
Opis:
In this paper we analyse household holdings of the broad monetary aggregate M3 in the euro area from 1991 until 2009. Households are the largest money-holding sector in the euro area. We develop four models, two in nominal, two in real terms, with satisfactory economic and statistical properties. The main determinants are a transactions variable, wealth considerations, opportunity costs and uncertainty. In particular housing wealth is found to play an important role. The models are robust to different estimation strategies, samples considered and a multitude of misspecification tests. According to our analysis, it is quite apparent that in equilibrium, households jointly determine consumption and broad money holdings which are both influenced by wealth as well as interest rates. The importance of household money holdings for consumption expenditures may cast doubt on a purely passive role for money.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2014, 2(2); 83-115
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Od ukrycia do odkrycia. Skarb – nie skarb na pograniczu Korony Polskiej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego XVI–XVIII w.
From hidden to revealed. Treasure – non-treasure on the boarder of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (XVI–XVIII centuries)
Autorzy:
Filipow, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951366.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
numismatics
coin treasures
money circulation
Opis:
The number of coin and isolated artefacts treasures in the modern period (XVI–XVIII centuries) undergoes, first and foremost, statistical and hypothetical analyses. In contrast to the early medieval period, coin treasures found in the Polish land contain coin-shaped gold and silver bullion, but not gold bars, the so-called “placki” – pieces of bullion, although items of everyday use (trays, jugs, chalices, goblets, gravy-boats, etc.) made of precious metals, often decorated with European coins, can be found. It was not unusual to recast coins and medals into medallions and medals in pedants or in decorated belts, which were often studded with ancient coins. One has to remember about a specific role of the coin hidden in the form of a treasure or isolated artefacts. Firstly, it was used as a means of payment and its value was regulated by law. In the case of foreign coins in circulation in the Polish territory, legal regulations were replaced by evaluation tables, which were available to merchants, bankers and all those who officially dealt with money circulation. The function of the coin as a circular means was also very important. Still, not everybody realizes that the coin fulfilled another vital function – it was a means of accumulation of assets – which seemed essential from the point of view of those hiding coin treasures. In the times of economic, political and military unrest, it was the most convenient to accumulate movable property in the form of coins. The appendix attached to this article contains dishes dated by coin treasures from the discussed period.
Źródło:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne; 2014, 12
1425-1930
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola NOK w poprawianiu zarządzania aktywami publicznymi – priorytetowe zadania Grupy Roboczej INTOSAI
Role of SAIs in the Improvement of Public Assets Governance – Activities of the INTOSAI Working Group on the Fight against Corruption and Money Laundering
Autorzy:
Kościelniak, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
corruption
money laundering
good governance
Opis:
The mission of the INTOSAI Working Group on the Fight against Corruption and Money Laundering is to promote international cooperation among Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) and other international institutions in the area of the fight against corruption and money laundering. Another objective of the Group’s activities is also to set policies and strategies on how to combat these phenomena within the mandates of SAIs. At present, one of priority tasks of the Group is to finalise works on the document comprising guidelines on good governance of public assets.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2015, 60, 1 (360); 174-179
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potoczna wiedza dzieci na temat pieniędzy. Wnioski z badań własnych
Autorzy:
Raszka, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
elementary education
children’s everyday knowledge about money
attitudes towards money
financial coaching
Opis:
The article deals with colloquial knowledge about money of eight- and nine-year-old children. The importance of spontaneous and planned conversations on the subject of money is emphasised, conducted in the family and school environment. Attention is paid to the importance of pupils’ personal knowledge, their out-of-school experiences and shaping their active attitude in constructing economic knowledge. The article also refers to the author’s research on the children’s everyday knowledge about money.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny; 2019, 64(4 (254)); 255-271
0023-5938
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can a "Lone wolf" quasi-investigative journalist substitute low functionality of the law enforcement system?
Autorzy:
Školkay, Andrej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471250.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
money laundering
undercover investigative journalism
anti-money laundering (AML)
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Hong Kong
Opis:
The present article analyzes a relatively unusual case, in which a quasi-investigative journalist, working in an entirely independent capacity, succeeded in uncovering and foiling an international money laundering attempt. This extremely significant story reveals the existence of a complex legal framework for tackling money-laundering operations in the EU. In this particular instance, local police and prosecutors were unable to take action against the perpetrator of illegal activity, as the case did not fulfill conditions of local legislation. The present study thus draws attention to the weakness of anti-corruption and anti-money laundering legislation. It provides evidence that a non-affiliated journalist can also be a great asset to society, although the actual mostly low coverage of the case indicates a poor media understanding of the social implications of crime detection across both the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2016, 9, 2 (17); 197-212
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomiar i źródła wartości jednostki pieniężnej. Teoria i praktyka
Money and money unit value measurement. Theory and practice
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczyk, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943612.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
pieniądz,
jednostka pieniężna,
produktywność pracy,
pomiar,
wartość
money,
money unit,
wage productivity,
measurement,
value.
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję pieniądza i jednostki pieniężnej wywodzącą się z rachunkowości pracy. W tym kontekście rozumienie pieniądza jako należności z tytułu pracy, a jednostki pieniężnej jako jednostki pracy umożliwia poszukiwanie źródeł wartości pieniądza, a tym samym precyzyjny jego pomiar. Główną determinantą wartości pieniądza jest produktywność pracy rozumiana jako iloraz produkcji w cenach sprzedaży lub PKB do kosztów pracy. Dążeniem ekonomistów zatem w sensie mikro-, jak i makroekonomicznym powinien być stały i stabilny wzrost produktywności pracy. W sferze mikroekonomicznej to zadanie przejmuje zarząd spółki, a w sferze makroekonomicznej rząd, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Ministerstwa Finansów. Brak normatywu innego niż wartość poprzednio zaobserwowana oraz integracja wielu zmiennych czyni produktywność pracy głównym miernikiem ekonomicznych dokonań w sferze miro- i makroekonomicznej.
In the paper the concept of money and money unit based on labourism approach has been presented. In this context understanding money as wage receivable and money unit as labour unit enables to search for the value of money and its proper approximation. The main determinant of money value in presented approach is wage productivity understood as the product of sales revenues or GDP to the labour costs. Hence the main goal for economists should be maintaining the steady increase of wage productivity factor both in micro- and macroeconomics. In microeconomic sense this goal is the responsibility of the board of the entity, and in macroeconomic sense – the government, especially ministry of finance. Lack of optimal value and simplicity of the wage productivity factor makes it the ost important and informative economic factor.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2018, 54; 206 - 217
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryzys jako skutek kryzysu funkcji pieniądza i kryzysu instytucji
Autorzy:
Żyżyński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
money, central bank, financial crisis
Opis:
The paper analyses transformation of functions of money and addition of a newone. The newest function transforms money from a right to buy goods and servicesinto the right to buy money itself.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 1; 13-34
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inflation in a virtual economy – a real or virtual threat?
Autorzy:
Maciejasz-Świątkiewicz, Marta
Musiał, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
inflation
virtual economy
virtual money
Opis:
The aim of the paper is an analysis of the way and circumstances under which inflation can occur in a virtual economy. It is also an attempt to answer the question whether, and in what way virtual inflation may be related to inflation in the real economy. The article is conceptual, because in the present state of statistical data the effects of virtual economies are not carried out, or are generated in a very small number, which makes it impossible to make reliable calculations.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 4(21); 42-51
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Origins and Evolution of Deposit Banking Activities – Analysis of the Literature
Autorzy:
Mikliński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
banking history
bank deposit
money
Opis:
The current norms governing deposit banking activities are the result of a centuries-old evolution of the construct of bank account, the legal nature of bank account, the subject of deposit, and banking institutions themselves. Different civilizations and cultures have contributed to the shaping of deposit activities. The aim of the article is to present and discuss, from a historical-legal point of view, the origin and unfolding of deposit banking activities over time: from antiquity, through the Middle Ages, the early modern period, to modern times. The deliberations are set against a broader financial and legal backdrop to include the transformation of economic power that accompanies deposit activities, expressed in the form of: commodity money, bullion, paper money, and funds. The picture of evolution is completed by the emerging institutions of supervision, capital requirements or deposit guarantee schemes, constituting a series of normative solutions adopted due to the need to provide a framework for deposit activities that would prioritize the security of the depositor. The study, due to its historical-legal character within the scope of detailed sciences, does not aim at applying the conclusions in legal practice or in the theoretical-legal dimension. It serves to collect and show the already acquired historical-legal knowledge about the foundations of contemporary normative solutions of bank deposit activities. In order to achieve the research goal, the study uses the research method of critical literature review. Thus, a reference was made to scientific historical- legal and historical studies, from the point of view of a selected research problem, which has not been elaborated in a cross-sectional manner so far.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 3; 128-145
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Od barteru do pieniądza wirtualnego - charakterystyka procesu dematerializacji pieniądza
From Barter to Virtual Currency- the Characteristic of Money Dematerialisation Process
Autorzy:
Kubiczek, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Historia gospodarcza
Pieniądz
Pieniądz elektroniczny
Transakcje barterowe
Barter transaction
Economic history
Electronic money
Money
Opis:
Pieniądz, choć podlega nieustannym przemianom nadającym mu coraz to bardziej umowny charakter, nieprzerwanie stanowi ważny element gospodarki od momentu pojawienia się monet w VII w. p.n.e. w starożytnej Grecji. W artykule omówiono przykłady różnych form pieniądza, występujących w gospodarce na przestrzeni dziejów: pieniądza towarowego, papierowego oraz wirtualnego. Celem tej analizy jest przedstawienie podobieństw i różnic pomiędzy poszczególnymi formami pieniężnymi oraz wskazanie ich mocnych i słabych stron. W ten sposób pokrótce zaprezentowano przebieg procesu dematerializacji pieniądza, od momentu wyłonienia się pieniądza towarowego z wymiany barterowej aż do współczesnych walut wirtualnych.
Money has been an important part of economy since the appearance of coin money in the 7th centrury BC. However, before implementing coin money, there were numerous forms of money existing in different civilisations in early stage of development. This paper discusses few examples of commodity, paper and virtual money so as to find similarities and dissimilarities in applied forms of money. Furthermore, the article provides a brief comparison of disadvantages of all presented forms of money which finally lead to the development of a new, more sophisticated kind of money. As a result, virtual currencies have become a part of the contemporary economics.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2015, 236; 46-60
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dziecko w środowisku pieniądza: przekonania podzielane przez dzieci w wieku 8–9 lat
A child in the money environment: beliefs shared by eight- and nine-year-old children
Autorzy:
Raszka, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1386964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
dualistic nature of money
„the concept of money”
colloquial knowledge
third grade primary school pupils
Opis:
This article is a report from qualitative research conducted by the text’s author. Third grade primary school pupils who took part in the study have expressed their view of money by completing twelve incomplete sentences about money. The aim of the study was to find children’s shared beliefs about money. In accordance with the instrumental and symbolic nature of money there appear to be two main groups of phrases ending incomplete sentences. Some of children’s statements refer to instrumental understanding of money, that is, they relate to its value in use and economic functions. Other statements are connected with the symbolic nature of money, showing its psychological and social functions.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2020, 50, 3; 125-136
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money Growth and Social Stability
Autorzy:
Basci, Erdem
Basci, Sidika
Gherby, Tahar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14107787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-28
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Money Velocity
Money Growth
Heterogeneity
CBDC
Wealth Distribution
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG10
Inequalities
Inflation
Opis:
Aim:  Both the Keynesian and the Fisherian channels of sovereign money growth have slowed down significantly in the decade following the Global Financial Crisis (GFC).  This, together with the rise of fintech, privately issued unbacked crypto-assets tried to fill this void. These developments have revived the interest on the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) idea and on potential channels for future sovereign money growth.  The aim of this paper is to compare the Keynesian and Fisherian channels of sovereign money growth regarding their impact on wealth distribution and inflation.  Design / Research Methods: To achieve our aim we use a simple Agent Based Model (ABM) to capture heterogeneity. In our model, the agents are heterogeneous consumers with different spending propensities but with equal initial wealth levels and with exactly same non-interest incomes over time.    Conclusions / findings: We show that Keynesian (uniform) money growth channel has a softening effect on the wealth dispersion and thereby, on the downward pressure on money velocity. The model indicates that the inclusive nature of current post-Covid19 recovery plans may have a desirable impact on social stability. Yet, these plans may also be more inflationary in comparison the post-GFC policies. Originality / value of the article: This paper shows that heterogeneity of economic agents should not be ignored by policy makers and that ABM is a convenient tool to design and analyse monetary and fiscal policies under heterogeneity. Implications of the research: The implication for policy makers is that the demand deficiency associated with the fall in money velocity and the worsening of wealth dispersion may be softened by a more inclusive money growth regime, potentially with the practical use of CBDCs.  Yet the extra inflationary impact of such a regime need to be kept in mind.  
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2021, 5, 4; 96-115
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A vicious circle of the benchmark reform
Autorzy:
Mielus, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Tematy:
financial indices
benchmark regulation
money market
Opis:
The Benchmark Regulation (BMR) imposes the necessity of the conversion of the quote-based financial indices to the transactional-based ones. The reform is a challenge for administrators of indices that perform feasibility studies of the conversion process. The article analyses pros and cons of various methods of the index reform indicating the optimal path of such activity as far as money market is concerned. A choice for a “parallel listing” path seems to be the safest one if one takes into account the legal and economic risks embedded in various transition models.
Źródło:
Bezpieczny Bank; 2017, 4 (69); 109-130
1429-2939
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczny Bank
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz i instytucje finansowe a rozwój cywilizacji
Money and financial institutions and the development of civilisation
Autorzy:
Denis, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/901811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Gdańska Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna
Tematy:
money
financial institutions
development of civilisation
Opis:
The article is a short description of banking history. The author presents episodes of it’s development, including historical background – from the oldest banking systems in ancient times, through medieval till nowadays. Further-more, he shows a review of a history of money in each periods of the past. The author is also describing the nature of financial institutions and the specificity of their activities.
Źródło:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość; 2012, 9; 402-412
1731-8440
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ROLA PAŃSTWA W ZRÓWNOWAŻONYM ROZWOJU SYSTEMU BANKOWEGO
Development of virtual currency schemes
Autorzy:
Mackiewicz, Piotr
Musiał, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
virtual money
virtual currency schemes
Bitcoin
Opis:
The whole world conducts a lively discussion about a new creation, namely virtual currency schemes. The questions arise: What differs them from currently known systems? Do those currencies posses any real value? and finally: Do they pose any threat to conventional and current monetary systems and world economy? The interest of European Central Bank and FED into them shows how important they are. The aim of this article is to present opportunities and threats coming from the development of virtual currency schemes. The article is composed of short history of currencies showing the creation of virtual currencies as well as discusses the classification of virtual currency schemes, which is important to analyze the development direction of these schemes, as well as its chances and threats.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 1(18); 132-141
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How to measure the economic integrity of IBOR panels? A behavioural approach
Autorzy:
Mielus, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
financial benchmarks
money market
behavioural finance
Opis:
IBOR manipulation imposed new benchmark regulations that forced the market to enter a path of the reform of the existing financial indices and the creation of new ones. The paper describes the evolution of two IBOR panels: one representing a global financial benchmark LIBOR, and the other representing a local PLN benchmark, WIBOR. The paper provides a quantitative analysis of partial quotes of IBOR panellists and suggests that economic integrity measures should be introduced for IBOR panels. The aim of the research is to define a set of tools that provide information regarding the efficiency of the process of the production of the interest rate benchmark. The research is supplemented with a behavioural analysis of the banks’ decision-making process that interferes the contribution of IBOR data. The integrity measures can help market users and financial authorities in evaluating the quality of current and past panels and identifying behavioural factors impacting on partial quotes of the contributing banks.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2019, 24, 1; 51-73
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economy as a Crucial Component of Elementary Education Curriculum
Autorzy:
Jagiełło, Ewa
Vargová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
economic
education
child
consumer
finance
money
Opis:
Business, economy and finance are very popular subject-matters in the contemporary world. This is why it is important to introduce them, step by step, from an early age. “Pocket money”, as well as allowing a child to be involved in the family’s financial affairs, seems to be necessary for preparing children to develop their management skills which will be useful in their future, adult life. A child ought to know the value of money and possess some ability to apply it. Children gain such rudimentary knowledge on the basis of interaction with the social environment and everyday experience, through participating in economic exchange purchase-sale, witnessing the withdrawal of money from a cash machine by relatives, using the post office, etc. However, it is a teacher’s duty to help children increase and systematize this knowledge in a process of early childhood education. The skills gained by children during the schooling will help them in the future. They will become responsible participants in economic life, making both rational choices and decisions which will affect positively their chance to gain success in personal and professional life.
Źródło:
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education; 2014, 5; 29 - 42
2084-7998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Początki polityki pieniężnej na ziemiach polskich
Autorzy:
Rolski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/591674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Pieniądz
Polityka pieniężna
Monetary policy
Money
Opis:
The Beginnings of the Monetary Policy in Polish Land
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 176; 122-132
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Propozycje zmian wyznaczania stóp rynku międzybankowego określających rzeczywistą cenę pieniądza
Proposed Changes to Determine Interbank Market Rates Specifying the Real Price of Money
Autorzy:
Gradoń, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Pieniądz
Rynek międzybankowy
Interbank market
Money
Opis:
Before the crisis in 2008 the most popular way to finance lending was borrowing the missing funds from the interbank market. With the crisis in this market turnover significantly decreased, and with it came the question marks on the measure of the market, which is IBOR. In Poland WIBOR does not reflect the current real price of money in the interbank market in periods other than overnight. Due to the fact that WIBOR used numerous agreements and the current formula does not work in the interests of all market participants, it is to set it according to the new methodology. There are also ideas to replace WIBOR with another, more real ratio or index.This problem also applies to the most important rate, which is the LIBOR. Following the disclosure of the amount of manipulation the British Financial Services Authority (FSA) has prepared a report with recommendations to modify the rules for determining LIBOR. The article presents a proposal for changes in the way of setting IBOR rate, which will reflect the actual price of money regardless of the situation on the financial market.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2013, 173; 81-94
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Special Approaches Against Terrorist Acts – The Banks’ Obligation to Counteract Money Laundering Pursuant to the Polish Banking Law
Autorzy:
Judyta, Banaszyńska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
banking law
financing
money laundering
terrorism
Opis:
One of the main issues connected with terrorism – a “crime without borders”, a complex phenomenon the definition of which has proven elusive, is terrorism financing and money laundering. The Polish legislator – in the Polish Banking Law – imposes on banks (within the scope of their legal definition) a duty of counteracting money laundering and terrorism financing, which corresponds with the significant role of banks and other financial institutions when it comes to the prevention of terrorist crimes. On the basis of the Act on Counteracting Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing, a special system was created – the aim of the regulations is to facilitate successful performance by banks of their duties. In the Act, the office of the General Inspector of Financial Information was created, with an important task of controlling the realization of banks’ duties, as well as cooperation with relevant services and improvement of international antiterrorist activity. Beyond any doubt, the functioning of the Polish system could be guaranteed by broader legal and institutional frameworks on an international level, the achievement of which is contingent upon the activity of the European Union and the United Nations. A significant element in the fight against terrorism financing crimes is also proper training of the banking sector employees and officers, as well as ensuring proper communication and cooperation between them.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 67; 191-203
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money attitude of Ukrainian young people: socio-demographic aspect
Autorzy:
SIMKIV, MARIANNA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
money attitude, age, gender, education, income
Opis:
The article provides the results of research on how social and demographic peculiarities in uence money attitudes of Ukrainian youth. It reveals dependency on money attitudes on such characteristics as gender, age, education, place of residence, place of employment, employment position and income level.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2013, 4, 2; 36-45
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz cyfrowy banków centralnych − wnioski z analizy wybranych koncepcji
Central banks digital currency – conclusions from the analysis of selected concepts
Autorzy:
Iwańczuk-Kaliska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
pieniądz
banki centralne
money
central banks
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest analiza elementów wybranych koncepcji emisji pieniądza cyfrowego przez banki centralne oraz sformułowanie na tej podstawie wniosków dotyczących realizacji idei CBDC w praktyce banków centralnych. W opracowaniu wykorzystano analizę raportów banków centralnych wybranych państw rozważających wprowadzenie niefizycznej formy pieniądza banku centralnego, będącej powszechnym prawnym środkiem płatniczym, oraz opracowań naukowych dotyczących konsekwencji różnych podejść do tego zagadnienia. Rozpatrywane koncepcje pieniądza cyfrowego banku centralnego należy traktować jako projekty systemów płatności detalicznych. Funkcjonujące obecnie tego rodzaju systemy stworzone przez uczestników rynku zapewniają wygodę, sprawność i bezpieczeństwo rozliczeń w danej walucie oraz cieszą się zaufaniem publicznym. Aspekty te nie mogą więc stanowić uzasadnienia wprowadzenia rewolucyjnych zmian, polegających na przejęciu głównej roli w ich organizacji przez banki centralne.
The aim of the article is to analyze the elements of selected concepts of digital money issued by central banks and to formulate conclusions on the basis of the CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) idea in the practice of central banks. The study uses the analysis of documents and reports of central banks of selected countries considering the introduction of non-phisical form of central bank money as a universal legal tender and scientific studies on the consequences of various approaches to this issue. The analyzed central bank digital currency concepts should be treated as retail payment schemes. Currently operating retail payment systems created by market participants − due to systemic oversight − provide convenience, efficiency and security and enjoy public trust. These aspects cannot, therefore, justify the introduction of revolutionary changes, which consist in taking over the central role in their organization by central banks.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2018, 531; 180-189
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kobiety piszą i rachują
Women write and calculate
Autorzy:
Kraskowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1391816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-11-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
literature
women
money
literatura
kobiety
pieniądze
Opis:
This article is a review of the multiple-author book titled Księgowanie. Literatura, kobiety, pieniądze [Bookkeeping: Literature, Women, and Money], which was published by Szczecin University Press in 2014. The collection contains articles that are devoted to the economic aspects of Polish women’s lives, as they have been discussed in literature (i.e. fiction, autobiographical and journalistic writings, etc.) from Romanticism until the present day, with particular focus on the financial situation of women writers.
Źródło:
Przestrzenie Teorii; 2015, 23; 267-273
2450-5765
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzenie Teorii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money as a network good
Autorzy:
Włodarczyk, Julita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Monetary integration
Money
Network effects
Structure
Opis:
Many economic phenomena, including flows of money, can be treated as manifestations of operation of specific networks. In contrast to the popularity of analyses of network structure and dynamics in sociology and physics, economic investigations concerning network approach in general and network properties of money in particular have not been popular until recently. This paper presents the concept of money as a network good and its features (complementarity, standardization, consumption externalities, switching costs, lock-in, dependence on social preferences and expectations and economies of scale in production). It is asserted that network theory of money may shed new light on such processes as monetary integration.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2015, 20; 53-63
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing size and subjective value of objects with diminutive names
Autorzy:
Bocian, Konrad
Białobrzeska, Olga
Parzuchowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
diminutives
judgment
language
money
perception
size
Opis:
Numerous studies show that language (in its grammatical forms or morphology) can influence both perceptual judgments, as well as the mental categorization of objects in memory. Previous research showed that using diminutive names of objects resulted in being less satisfied with owning said objects and lowering their perceived value. In the present studies, to explore this phenomenon, we decided to investigate whether the influence of a diminutive on the reduction in the subjective value of an object is determined by the perceived size of the object, in accordance with the „bigger is better” heuristic. In Study 1 participants estimated a banknote to be smaller when it was presented with a diminutive label “banknocik” (banknote with diminutive) than “banknot” (banknote). However, this was not related to the perceived subjective value of the banknote. In Study 2 participants declared that they could buy less with a coin labeled as “pieniążek” (coin with diminutive) than “pieniądz” (coin), but the effect was not linked to the perceived size of the coins. In Study 3 a candy bar labeled as “batonik” (candy bar with diminutive) was evaluated worse than the same product labeled “baton” (candy bar), however, once again this was not related to the evaluation of its size (weight). Thus, we show that the effect of diminutives on the reduction in the subjective value of an object is independent of the evaluation of the size of the object and we consider other explanations for the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 3; 423-429
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kreacja pieniądza kredytowego w warunkach polityki luzowania ilościowegobanków centralnych
Autorzy:
Pyka, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630141.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
quantitative easing, asset purchase programs, Q1, Q2, Q3, CBPP, SMP,OMT, monetary base, reserve money, credit money, quantity of money in circulation
Opis:
The study aims at identification of causes why QE had low impact on the growthof credit money supply in the United States and euro area. The identification ofcauses is supported by analysis of the asset purchase programs implemented byFed and ECB. The differences in the policies are considered the main cause oflower growth of lending in the euro area compared to the US.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 1; 75-88
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) - Barriers to Its Introduction
Autorzy:
Nocoń, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
central bank digital currency
digital money
CBDC
Opis:
Theoretical background: The beginning of the third decade of the 21st century brought a dynamic development of new technologies, intensifying the ongoing process of digitalization of the global economy. Among these changes, one of the undoubtedly noticeable areas that are developed both on theoretical and practical grounds is the central bank digital currency (CBDC). It is a new – different from cash – currency issued by the monetary authorities, considered as a response to the development of private virtual currencies, which is aimed at the same time to improve the circulation of money. An increasing number of central banks are considering issuing their own CBDC. According to the BIS studies, in 2021 nine out of ten central banks actively research implementation of a digital currency. This number is constantly growing. More and more monetary authorities are at an advanced stage of CBDC work, 26% of central banks already running pilot tests (compared to only 8% in 2018). Purpose of the article: The main aim of the article is to identify barriers to the central bank digital currency introduction as well the case study analysis of the current involvement of selected central banks in the process of its implementation. Research methods: The main research method used in the conducted empirical research is the case study analysis of selected central banks that have undertaken works on the CBDC implementation. The research verifies the main hypothesis that despite growing involvement of central banks in the work for the issue of CBDC, its barriers and limitations are large enough to inhibit practical implementation. Main findings: The results indicated that such barriers as limited validity period, lack of anonymity and full control of a central bank over its use may significantly limit further monetary authorities’ work on its implementation.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2023, 57, 2; 67-86
0459-9586
2449-8513
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Digital Currencies Trading under Polish and EU Public Law
Autorzy:
Bałdowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684715.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Digital currency
trading
financial instruments
money
regulation
Opis:
Digital currencies are a worldwide phenomenon gaining an increasing interest among investors, economists and legal scholars. They are used mainly as a new mean of ex-change and as a new way of investing funds, since the rapid changes in their value allow to gain extraordinary profits. Up to this point the legal status of digital currencies has not been clearly established under neither Polish nor EU public law, although some of the existing regulations may be indirectly applied to them. Under current regulations digital currencies cannot be treated as a legal mean of payment, as an electronic money nor a financial instrument. Creation of a complex regulation regarding digital currencies and granting administrative authorities supervisory powers over their trade seems to be necessary. Because of the evolution of financial markets, classifying digital currencies as financial instruments is a possible way of regulating their trade.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2018, 8
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DETERMINANTS OF THE DEMAND FOR INTERNATIONAL RESERVES IN UKRAINE
Autorzy:
Shevchuk, Victor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
international reserves
imports
exchange rate
money stock
Opis:
This study investigates the demand for international reserves in Ukraine and its structural change in the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crisis in the context of a univariate error correction model (ECM). We find a time-invariant demand for international reserves in the short-run, with the inverse relationship with the volatility of international transactions, exchange rate depreciation and the excessive money stock and the positive link to imports and crisis developments. However, the long-term relationships are not stable over time, except for the effects of the money disequilibrium and crisis disturbances. The exchange rate depreciation and electoral cycle contribute to a depletion of reserves during the post-crisis period only. The adjustment of actual reserves to their long-run relationships is quite rapid.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2015, 16, 2; 102-112
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Money Attitudes on the Relationship Between Income and Financial Satisfaction
Autorzy:
Gasiorowska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
money attitudes
wealth perception
income
financial satisfaction
Opis:
Prior research has showed that the subjective perception of objective wealth might be affected by various individual difference variables, such as one’s love of money, level of desires, or materialistic inclinations. This paper examines an impact of attitudes towards money on the relation between personal net income and household income, and its subjective evaluation, measured as financial satisfaction and subjective economic well-being. The results of two studies revealed that the affective dimension of money attitudes (assigning the symbolic meaning to money) partially mediated the relationship between income and financial satisfaction. Moreover, the instrumental dimension of attitude towards money (individuals’ attitude toward money management) moderated this relationship: The relationship between the two was stronger for individuals highly concentrated on money management than for those with low scores on this factor.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 2; 197-208
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Символiка грошей/ богатства в украïнськiй постмодернiй прозi: вipнicть класичнiй традициï
Symbols of money / reach in Ukrainian postmodern prose: faithfulness to classic tradition
Autorzy:
Betko, Iryna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/481379.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
symbol
money/reach
Jurij Andruchovych
Eugenija Kononenko
Opis:
The article is devoted to analysis of symbols of money/ reach on examples of works by Jurij Andruchovych and Eugenija Kononenko. Traditionally, heroes oppose money/ reach and love, friendship, poetry creative etc. as two systems of moral values. But demonization of this symbols has ironic - not pathetic character.
Źródło:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica; 2010, 1, XV; 125-132
1427-549X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
JANUSZ KORCZAK A PIENIĄDZE
JANUSZ KORCZAK AND MONEY
Autorzy:
Bystrzycka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Korczak
pieniądze
wychowanie ekonomiczne
money
economic education
Opis:
Wśród licznych, ciągle jeszcze nieodkrytych „twarzy” Janusza Korczaka jest również ta dotycząca wychowania ekonomicznego i umiejętności oszczędnego gospodarowania pieniędzmi. Czy Wielki Wychowawca uczył swoich podopiecznych obchodzenia się z pieniędzmi? Czy sam potrafił właściwie zarządzać swoim majątkiem? Czy miał w ogóle coś na własność? Jak wyglądała sytuacja ekonomiczna Domu Sierot, którym przez ponad dwadzieścia lat kierował Korczak? To część pytań, na które starano się odpowiedzieć w tym artykule. W pierwszej części zrekonstruowano osobiste doświadczenia Starego Doktora dotyczące pieniędzy, począwszy od tych sięgających wczesnego dzieciństwa. Podjęto również próbę uzyskania odpowiedzi na pytanie: czego właściwie Korczak dorobił się w ciągu życia? Druga część traktuje o sytuacji materialnej Domu Sierot i jego mieszkańców. W trzeciej podjęto próbę odtworzenia Korczakowskiej idei wychowania ekonomicznego. W czwartej i ostatniej części przestudiowano postawę Korczaka w ekstremalnej sytuacji, jaką było uwięzienie w getcie.
Among many, still undiscovered “faces” of Janusz Korczak, there is one concerning economic education and skills of economical expending money. Did this great teacher educate his pupils on managing money? Was he able to properly manage his? Did he own anything at all? What was the economic situation of the orphanage run by Korczak for more than twenty years? These are only a few questions that the article attempts to answer. In the first chapter, the Old Doctor's personal experiences of money have been reconstructed – starting from his early childhood and leading to quite an intriguing question: “What Korczak actually got at in his life?”. In the second chapter, the pecuniary situation of the orphanage and its residents is described. In the third chapter, an attempt to restore Janusz Korczak's idea of economic education has been made. In the final chapter, Korczak's attitude when being held in extreme conditions of Jewish ghetto has been studied.
Źródło:
Forum Pedagogiczne; 2014, 2; 27-44
2083-6325
Pojawia się w:
Forum Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znalazły się dwa brakujące staropolskie ogniwa czyli o kładzeniu pieniędzy w XV wieku
Two Missing Old-Polish Elements Have Been Found or on the Putting of Money in the Fifteenth Century
Autorzy:
Twardzik, Wacław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
gospoda
kładzenie pieniędzy
inn
putting of money
Opis:
The author proposes a different inscription v gospodze as u gospodze, and not w gospodzie (rote no 629). It is unlike in the “Kalisz Rotas” edited by H. Karolewicz and W. Kuraszkiewicz. He brings back the old-Polish noun gospodza in the sense of “lady”. This meaning has not been present in our language so far. The same concerns its form in singular genitive.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2002, 49-50, 6; 417-420
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz i procent w rozważaniach przedstawicieli antycznej i średniowiecznej myśli ekonomicznej
Money and interest in the consideration of ancient and medieval economic thought
Autorzy:
Danowska-Prokop, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/588926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Etyka
Pieniądz
Procent
Ethic
Money
Percent/interest
Opis:
Poziom rozwoju gospodarczego determinuje stosunki ekonomiczne, a zwłaszcza stosunek do pieniądza i procentu. W naturalnej gospodarce rolnej, opartej na tradycji, zwyczaju oraz religii, pieniądz i wymiana pieniężna odgrywały wtórną rolę, a pobieranie procentu od udzielanych pożyczek było naganne, ponieważ uruchamiało mechanizm pogoni za indywidualnym bogactwem, co z kolei rodziło nieetyczne zachowania. Natomiast w gospodarce towarowej pieniądz odgrywa pierwszorzędną rolę, determinuje obieg gospodarczy i dlatego starożytno-średniowieczne rozważania o pieniądzu i procencie, a zwłaszcza teoria nominalizmu pieniężnego Arystotelesa, są obecnie inspirujące.
The level of economic development determines economic relations and especially the attitude to money and interest. In natural farming based on tradition, custom and religion, money and monetary exchange play a secondary role and collecting interest on loans is quite reprehensible, because it activates the pursuit of wealth, which in turn raises unethical behaviour.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2017, 334; 22-32
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Uncommon Common Sense of the Science of Economics: Sound Money and How it Relates to the Economist as Liberal Artist and Prudential Organizational Psychologist
Autorzy:
Redpath, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2057106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
Thomas Aquinas
common sense
science of economics
sound money
economics
organizational psychology
money
economic activity
liberal art
Opis:
Well known to students of St. Thomas Aquinas is that he maintained that the whole of a science is contained in its principles and that its principles are contained in its defini-tions. The author takes as his point of departure for this article a definition of money that he gave in the article he wrote for the 2019 Aquinas School of Leadership’s School of Economics inaugural issue for the Studia Gilsoniana: “Aristotle and Aquinas on the Virtue of Money as a Preservative of Justice in Business Affairs and States.” According to him, as a species of economic activity, the definition of money must contain what A-quinas considered to be his generic definition of the science of economics and the es-sential principles he thought this definition contains. The present article he writes is an attempt to unpack some implications contained in St. Thomas’s generic definition of the science of economics of which money is a species.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2021, 10, 5; 1121-1136
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impacts of the 5th AML Directive on the Provision of Investment Services in Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Šiková, Zuzana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159863.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
investment services
investment service providers
anti-money laundering policy
money laundering
terrorist financing
AML Directives
implementation
impacts
Opis:
This contribution deals with the impact of the Vth AML directive, which updated Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, on the provision of the investment services in Czech Republic. The main aim of the contribution is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the Vth AML Directive significantly affected the activities of investment service providers. The author used scientific methods, especially induction and deduction, to confirm or disprove the above hypothesis. The paper also discusses the future regulation of the anti-money laundering area. 
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2022, 25, 1; 68-92
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of Money Demand on Trade Balance in Nigeria
Wpływ popytu na pieniądz na bilans handlowy w Nigerii
Autorzy:
Adeyemi, Oluwole Jacob
Oseni, Isiaq O.
Tella, Sheriffdeen A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033570.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
popyt na pieniądz
bilans handlowy
zasoby pieniężne
kredyt krajowy
ARDL
money demand
trade balance
money stock
domestic credit
Opis:
Previous studies appear to have concentrated on the effects of currency depreciation on trade balance and macroeconomic policy, while the relationship between money demand and trade balance is scantly documented in the literature. This paper therefore examines the effects of money demand on trade balance in Nigeria. For the analysis conducted, annual time series data covering the period ranging from 1986 to 2018 were used along with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique. The long‑run coefficient of money demand was positively signed and statistically significant at 5% level. The positive relationship exhibited by the coefficient of money demand in the long run had a significant influence on trade balance. Thus, this implied that a unit percent increase in money demand would lead to a 1.57% significant increase in trade balance. The implication of this finding was that money demand had significantly influenced trade balance, enhancing the production of goods and fostering investment, which had led to increased growth. The paper recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria through the Monetary Policy Committee should amend qualitative and quantitative credit control policies with the aim of improving lending to enhance the flow of credit to the real and exporting sector of the economy in order to bring about the desired effect on trade balance. However, the study is limited to an analysis of the existence of the relationship between money demand and trade balance using the Nigerian data set.
Prowadzone przez różnych autorów badania koncentrują się na wpływie deprecjacji waluty na bilans handlowy oraz politykę makroekonomiczną, podczas gdy związek między popytem na pieniądz a bilansem handlowym jest słabo udokumentowany w literaturze. W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowano wpływ popytu na pieniądz na bilans handlowy w Nigerii. Do analizy wykorzystano szeregi czasowe dla danych rocznych z okresu od 1986 do 2018 roku oraz autoregresyjny model o rozłożonych opóźnieniach (ARDL). Długookresowy współczynnik popytu na pieniądz miał znak dodatni i był statystycznie istotny na poziomie 5%. Pozytywne skorelowanie współczynnika popytu na pieniądz w dłuższej perspektywie miało znaczący wpływ na bilans handlowy. Oznaczało to, iż wzrost popytu na pieniądz o 1,57% prowadził do znacznego wzrostu bilansu handlowego o 1,57%. W konsekwencji można stwierdzić, iż popyt na pieniądz miał znaczący wpływ na bilans handlowy, prowadząc do zwiększenia produkcji towarów i promowania inwestycji, co zaowocowało zwiększonym wzrostem. Artykuł zawiera rekomendację, aby Bank Centralny Nigerii, za pośrednictwem Komitetu Polityki Pieniężnej, zmienił jakościową i ilościową politykę kontroli kredytowej tak, żeby usprawnić akcję kredytową i zwiększyć przepływ kredytów do eksportującego sektora gospodarki, w celu uzyskania pożądanego wpływu na bilans handlowy.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2020, 6, 351; 23-44
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skuteczność instrumentów przeciwdziałających w Polsce procederowi prania brudnych pieniędzy
The effectiveness of the instruments in Poland to counter money laundering
Autorzy:
Grzywacz, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/446793.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
money laundering
organized crime
regulations
European Council
Opis:
The money laundering is involving the organized crime, having the international character today definitely inseparably. Therefore the fight against this practice is one state is unusually difficult and practically impossible what the necessity of functioning of relevant regulation causes on the international arena. In the article they fixed their attention around solutions opposing the phenomenon of the money laundering, as well as international organizations, participating in the fight against the organized crime.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne; 2015, 1(21); 7-18
1644-888X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BLACK MONEY AS THE MATTER OF NEO-LIBERAL UTOPIA – READING [C] THE MONEY OF SOUL AND POSSIBILITY CONTROL
Autorzy:
Kłosiński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/954022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
black money, neoliberalism, utopia, debt, anime, Nakamura
Opis:
The paper: Black money as the matter of neo-liberal utopia, reading [C] The Money of Soul and Possibility Control is dedicated to the problem of the neoliberal utopia of debt. The author analyses the anime series directed by Kenji Nakamura for motifs and representations linked with economics: black money, debt, the Midas bank. The article focuses on analysis and interpretation of the relation between black money and production of utopian hyperreality and on the problem of debt, competition and corruption of the general equivalent as the main pillars of both a presentation and critique of the neoliberal utopia. In his interpretation the author relates to classical researchers of utopia (Fredric Jameson, Lyman Tower Sargen, Geoffrey Hodgson) and to the contemporary critics of neoliberalism (Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Maurizzio Lazzarato, Pierre Bourdieu, and Slavoy Žižek). 
Źródło:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH; 2016, 15, 2
2084-3364
Pojawia się w:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
WALUTY WIRTUALNE – PROBLEM ZDEFINIOWANIA I KLASYFIKACJI NOWEGO ŚRODKA PŁATNICZEGO
Virtual currency – the problem of defining and classifying new means of payment
Autorzy:
Ryfa, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
virtual money
virtual currency
Bitcoin
virtual economy
Opis:
In the discussions about modern economy in the past few years, more attention has been given to virtual currencies and their increasing importance due to the wider usage. Virtual money partly owes its origin to virtual worlds computer games, thanks to them gaining in popularity. Pointing out the independence and innovation of this solution contributes to the development of further, improved currency system, operating on a much larger scale. Despite their dynamic development in a few years, little attention has been given to the proper definition of a new kind of means of payment. The purpose of this article is to classify the virtual currency in relation to already existing forms of money, systematizing existing knowledge and to develop a more complete definition describing modern virtual money.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 2(19); 138-147
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Terencjusz, „Phormio” v. 778–782 – komentarz do passusu
Terence, Phormio v. 778–782 – A Commentary on the Passage
Autorzy:
Pieczonka, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Terence
palliata
comedy Phormio
borrowing money
commentary
Opis:
The passage from the Terentian comedy Phormio, v. 778–782, contains few interesting expressions, which are described in the article. First of all this short commentary examines the meaning of the Latin noun versura, attested in line no. 780. Versura is used in Phormio in a phrase vosuram solvere, which may mean to solve the loan agreement or to pay off the loan. Other phrases in the presented passage create a context for our analysed noun, especially: in eodem luto haesitas – you are getting stuck in the same mud. This proverbial expression emphasizes repetition of the situation and has probably the same iterative meaning as versuram solvere. Therefore we may assume, that versuram solvere means in the play: borrowing money on interest to pay a previous debt. The whole image of repeated problems is being summarized by the character of the play saying: plagae crescunt – the number of lashes increases. This expression is to show the gradation of the troublesand it proves, that also versura must include some kind of gradation, i. e. the growth of interest. The article shows phraseology, which is employed to depict slave’s action – proverbial and legal expressions are used to build a metaphor in the character’s utterance. This metaphor is built by all of the mentioned expressions in eodem luto haesitas, vorsuram solves, plagae crescunt. The first two expressions start the figure called climax and plagae crescunt summarizes this stylistic device. Moreover this whole image has been used by Terence to demonstrate the progress of the complex plot in the play – the slave has already carried on two intrigues and to avoid the consequences of his actions he might make the third fraud.
Źródło:
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae; 2015, 25, 2; 25-34
0302-7384
Pojawia się w:
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A study of macroeconomic variables that effected employment in the United States from 1948 to 2021
Autorzy:
Reid, Littlejohn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30118851.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
expected demand
employment
consumption
money supply
trade
Opis:
The paper provides an analysis of important U.S. macroeconomic variables that effect aggregate employment. The paper seeks to answer the question “What are the deter¬minants of changes in aggregate employment in the United States of America (U.S.)?” This is an important research topic because significant increases in unemployment can have a profound effect on an entire society, not just on its unemployed workers. When employment declines, public health declines, crime increases, suicides increase, and public revenues decrease. This paper uses quarterly data from 1948-2021 to estimate the effect of important macroeconomic variables on aggregate employment. The macroeconomic variables include personal consumption expenditures, U.S. federal government expenditures, nominal GNP, international trade (imports plus exports), M3 money stock, the mini-mum wage level, non-residential fixed investment, non-manufacturing employment, and U.S. federal tax receipts.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics & Finance; 2023, 44, 3; 125-152
2082-8500
2083-4314
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Społeczny i gospodarczy wymiar zasady dualizmu
Economic and social meaning of the duality principle
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczyk, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
zasada dualizmu
jednostka pieniężna
kapitał ludzki
gospodarka towarowo-pieniężna
duality principle
money unit
human capital
money-goods economy
Opis:
Zasad dualizmu jest fundamentalną zasadą rachunkowości. W szerokim znaczeniu rozumiana jest jako równość aktywów i sumy kapitału własnego i zobowiązań. Celem artykułu jest zastosowanie zasady dualizmu w szerokim, makroekonomicznym kontekście. Z punktu widzenia gospodarki zasada dualizmu oznacza równość płacy z wartością wykonanej pracy. Ta fundamentalna zasada rachunkowości może znaleźć zatem z powodzeniem zastosowanie w makroekonomii zapewniając tym samym stabilność systemu gospodarczego w kontekście finansowym i społecznym. Do osiągniecia celu przewodniego konieczne jest właściwe zdefiniowanie pojęć: kapitał, pieniądz oraz wartość, które wywodzą się z rachunkowości pracy. Wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy mają bardzo ważne znaczenie gospodarcze, gdyż pozawalają na sformułowanie nowej koncepcji naliczania wynagrodzeń za pomocą modelu kapitału ludzkiego oraz nowego modelu gospodarki towarowo-pieniężnej. To w konsekwencji może prowadzić do sformułowania nowych narzędzi polityki gospodarczej państwa.
Duality principle is the most important fundamental principle in accounting. It means in the broad context the equality between assets and the sum of owners’ equity and liabilities. The aim of the paper is to translate this meaning to the macroeconomics. For the economic system the duality principle means the equality between the work performed by the employee and the salary paid. This basic rule can assure the stability in the economic system in the social and economic context. To reach this aim it is essential to introduce the new definitions of capital, money and value, that comes from labourism (economy driven by labour). The motions from the conducted analysis are leading to the new way of computing remunerations and to the new understanding of the money-goods economy.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2018, 55; 138-148
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza kosztów przeciwdziałania praniu pieniędzy w systemie bankowym
The Analysis of Anti - Money Laundering Costs in Banking System
Autorzy:
Chodnicka, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/586486.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Banki
Ocena ryzyka
Pranie brudnych pieniędzy
Przeciwdziałanie praniu brudnych pieniędzy
Anti-money laundering
Banks
Money laundering
Risk assessment
Opis:
The goal of this article is the analysis of the money laundering phenomenon in banking system. There were tested the theory of crying wolf and informational Laffer curve assumptions by using linear regression. It was made the verification of variables influenced on the number of suspicious transactions reports. Statistically insignificant variables are indicators: the value of fines which can be imposed on banks in case of failure to comply with obligation to report suspicious transactions and threshold transactions to GDP per capita. There is a positive relationship between the shares of costs for the implementation of anti money laundering regulations to the total operating costs and negative influence current expenditures on the volume of suspicious transactions.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2013, 129; 127-134
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja teorii stóp procentowych
Evolution of the interest rate theory
Autorzy:
Iwaszczuk, Natalia
Szydło, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/588953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Inwestycje
Oszczędności
Podaż pieniądza
Popyt na pieniądz
Stopa procentowa
Demand for money
Interest rate
Investments
Money supply
Savings
Opis:
Artykuł został poświęcony analizie prac naukowych z zakresu rynkowych stóp procentowych. Szczegółowo opisano w nim m.in. teorie: klasyczne, preferencji płynności, neoklasyczne i postkeynesowskie. Autorzy bliżej przyglądają się modelowi wyznaczania stopy procentowej Irvinga Fishera, teorii procentu Johna Maynarda Keynesa oraz postkeynesowskiemu ujęciu stopy procentowej w teorii zapasów. W zaprezentowanych teoriach poszukują wzajemnych związków nie na drodze prostych zależności, ale opierając się na konsekwencjach, jakie rodzą dla realnej gospodarki.
The article was devoted to the analysis of scientific papers in the field of market interest rates. Classical theory and the theory of liquidity preference, as well as neoclassical and postkeynes theories are described in more detail. The authors accurately look at the Irving Fisher’s model of determining the interest rate, John Maynard Keynes’ theory of interest and postkeynes terms of the interest rate in a stock theory. In the presented theories, the authors seek mutual relations not only as a simple dependence, but based on the consequences for the real economy.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2016, 259; 154-165
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obiektywna wartość wymienna pieniądza w subiektywnej teorii wartości
Autorzy:
Appelt, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/609896.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
money
the subjective theory of value
the subjective exchange value of money
the objective exchange value of money
pieniądz
subiektywna teoria wartości
subiektywna wartość wymienna pieniądza
obiektywna wartość wymienna pieniądza
Opis:
The value of money depends on the subjective value of other goods that can be obtained in exchange for it.The central element in the subjective theory of money value is the concept of objective theory of money. Both the subjective use-value of money and subjective exchange value of money are derived from its objective exchange value.Subjective valuation of money is possible on the assumption that the money has a  certain objective exchange value i.e. the possibility of obtaining certain quantity of other economic goods in exchange for a  given quantity of money. The past objective value of money is always linked with is present and future valuations. The first objective exchange value of money was the value which the goods used as money possessed at the moment when they first used as common media of exchange.
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2013, 47, 3
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Community Clustering on Fraud Transactions Applied the Louvain-Coloring Algorithm
Autorzy:
Mardiansyah, Heru
Suwilo, Saib
Nababan, Erna Budiarti
Efendi, Syahril
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
fraud Money Transfer
Louvain Coloring algorithm
Louvain Algorithm
Opis:
The contribution main from this research is modularity and better processing time in detecting community by using K-1 coloring. Testing performed on transaction datasets remittance on P2P platforms where the Louvain Coloring algorithm is better in comparison to Louvain Algorithm Data used is data transfer transactions made by customers on the P2P Online platform. The data is the User data that has information transfer transactions, Card data that has information card, IP data that has IP information, and Device data that has information device. Every user owns unique 128-bit identification, and other nodes representing card, device, and IP are assigned a random UUID. The Device node has the guide, and device properties. IP nodes only have property guide and node User has property fraud Money Transfer, guide, money Transfer Error Cancel Amount, first Charge back Date. Each node has a unique 128-bit guide, with the amount whole of as many as 789,856 nodes. Application technique K-1 staining on Louvain algorithm shows enhancement value modularity and better processing time for detecting community on the network large scale. Through a series of exercises and tests carried out in various scenarios, it shows that the experiments carried out in this paper, namely the Louvain Coloring algorithm, are more effective and efficient than the Louvain algorithm in scenario 1,3, and 5 meanwhile For Scenarios 2 and 4 Louvain Algorithm is better.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2023, 69, 3; 593-598
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SECTORAL MONEY SUPPLY EFFECTS IN UKRAINE
Autorzy:
Shevchuk, Victor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
rational expectations
output
anticipated and unanticipated money supply
Opis:
This paper examines the effects of anticipated and unanticipated money supply shocks over the 1999─2013 period across several sectors of the Ukraine’s economy. It is found that the anticipated money supply shock contributes to output growth in agriculture, food processing and machine-building industries, with no impact for the steel industry. Unanticipated money shock is expansionary for the machine-building industry, while being restrictionary for agriculture. In general, our results reject the Monetary Neutrality Hypothesis (MNH).
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2014, 15, 2; 209-222
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Polish mutual funds performance: a Markovian approach
Autorzy:
Filip, Dariusz
Rogala, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1363627.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-03
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
Markov chain
smart money effect
effectiveness
performance inertia
Opis:
The aim of this study is to determine whether mutual funds provide benefits for their clients. The performance of Polish mutual funds has been evaluated in terms of their efficiency, including their potential inertia over time. Moreover, the use of the phenomenon of economies of scale resulting from assets inflow to the fund by means of the Markovian framework has been examined. The results are consistent with the efficient market hypothesis. When assessing the market-adjusted returns, underperformance was noticed in both small and large funds. The smart money effect, recognised in the literature, is not confirmed here; however, there are some noticeable investor reactions, such as the phenomenon of chasing performance.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2021, 22, 1; 115-130
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lessons from TARGET2 imbalances: The case for the ECB being a lender of last resort
Autorzy:
Chmielewski, Tomasz
Sławiński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
liquid reserve and money creation
TARGET2 imbalances
Opis:
During the global banking crisis of 2007-2009 and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis of 2010-2012 the so called ‘TARGET2 imbalances’ attracted considerable attention. Some economists interpreted them as a symptom of the ECB’s ‘stealth bailout’. The aim of the paper is to highlight that contrary to such claim, the emergence of TARGET2 imbalances reflected the benefits of having a mutual central bank within a monetary union which facilitated cross-border funding in spite of the global financial turbulence. The ECB’s liquidity loans to commercial banks in the Eurozone debtor countries shielded the Eurozone from a much deeper financial crisis than it actually occurred. The emergence of the TARGET 2 imbalances was actually only an accounting phenomenon resulting from the fact that these liquidity loans were technically extended by the debtor countries’ national central banks which are de facto (from the monetary policy perspective) ECB’s regional branches.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2019, 5 (19), 2
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trends and challenges of m-commerce using mobile money in Tanzania
Trendy i wyzwania m-handlu wykorzystującego pieniądz mobilny w Tanzanii
Autorzy:
Bonga, Alex
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549363.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
innovation
mobile money
m-Commerce
innowacja
pieniądz mobilny
Opis:
This paper shows the trends and challenges of mobile commerce that are faced in Tanzania. Until 2018, the most commonly used form of mobile commerce in Tanzania is Mobile Money. In this study, we have interviewed vendors using mobile commerce in Tanzania, in order to understand how they use mobile money and the challenges they face. Also, we studied telecommunication provider’s websites to show the trend of this particular service. The findings of this paper show how the customer goes to social media and search for a product and then buy it using mobile money. Additionally, delivery of the product depends on mobile communication whereby the customer has to provide the specific location due to poor home address system. Main challenges identified in this study are network issues such as poor network connection and lack of trust due to re occurring of theft incidents. The study gives suggestions of the use of more innovative ways that can reduce the setbacks that this particular system is facing.
W artykule przedstawiono trendy i wyzwania związane z handlem mobilnym w Tanzanii. Najczęściej używaną (do 2018 roku) formą mobilnego handlu w Tanzanii był Mobile Money. Przeprowadzono wywiady z dostawcami handlu mobilnego w Tanzanii, aby zrozumieć w jaki sposób wykorzystują oni pieniądz mobilny i określić wyzwania, przed którymi stoją. Zbadano także strony internetowe dostawców telekomunikacyjnych, aby wskazać tendencje dotyczące tej usługi. Otrzymane wyniki badań pozwoliły określić, w jaki sposób klient dociera do mediów społecznościowych i szuka produktu, a następnie kupuje go przy wykorzystaniu mobilnych pieniędzy. Zauważono, że dostawa produktu zależy od jakości komunikacji mobilnej i prawidłowej lokalizacji miejsca dostawy, co jest utrudnione z powodu złego systemu adresów w Tanzanii. Główne wyzwania zidentyfikowane w tym badaniu to problemy sieciowe takie jak niska jakość połączeń sieciowych i brak zaufania z powodu pojawiających się kradzieży. Artykuł zawiera sugestie dotyczące zastosowania bardziej innowacyjnych sposobów, które mogą zmniejszyć trudności, z którymi boryka się ten konkretny system.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2019, 58; 209-217
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Function and Legal System of Saving Money Institutions in Zamość County and Krasnystaw County in the 1920s and 1930s
Autorzy:
Czajka, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/618897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
saving money
savings funds
powiatowe kasy
kredyt lokalny
Opis:
The Decree of 1919 on Municipal Local Government and Temporary Tax Ordinance was essential for standardizing the principles of functioning of communal association unions after Poland regained its independence. Local government associations of various levels got the right to found them. It was an important legal regulation, especially for the region which was formerly under the Russian rule, where the institution of communal savings unions was practically unknown. In the interwar period the structure of savings funds was dichotomous. There were already existing and newly founded communal association unions of various levels and in 1919 the (state) Post-office Savings Union was founded. In the county of Zamość, as well as in other counties of the Zamość region, the greatest development of county savings unions was in the years 1927 and 1928 and since that time the unions continued to develop well. The funds of the unions were stored and managed separately from the funds of county communal associations. The solvency and security of the funds and fulfilling the obligations by the unions were guaranteed by the whole property and own income of the county communal association. Even though numerous irregularities were found in the functioning of the unions, it must be underlined that unions were valuable and very important local government institutions, especially for the farmers from neighbouring communes. Thanks to fairly simple procedures of granting loans and not very rigorous requirements for securing the loans the turnover of the unions continued to grow each year.
Zasadnicze znaczenie dla ujednolicenia zasad funkcjonowania kas związków komunalnych po odzyskaniu niepodległości miał dekret z 1919 r. o samorządzie miejskim i tymczasowej ordynacji powiatowej. Związki samorządowe różnych szczebli uzyskały prawo do ich zakładania. Była to ważna regulacja prawna, zwłaszcza dla obszaru byłego zaboru rosyjskiego, gdzie instytucja komunalnych kas oszczędności praktycznie nie była znana.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2016, 25, 3
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A global perspective on inflation and propagation channels
Autorzy:
Gattini, Luca
Pill, Huw
Schuknecht, Ludger
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/565646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
VAR
global inflation
global house prices
global money
Opis:
This paper revisits the evidence on monetary policy transmission. It extends the existing literature in three dimensions. First, we attempt to internalise potential international channels of transmission by taking a global perspective. More specifically, we explore global aggregates covering a broader set of countries (ca. 70% per cent of the world economy) and a longer time span (from 1960 to 2013) than previous studies. Second, we broaden the set of transmission channels considered, notably by exploring interactions among monetary variables, inflation and asset prices (including residential property prices). Third, we look at the potential role of public debt in driving price developments, on the grounds underpinned by fiscal theories of the price level. On the basis of a VAR analysis, we find that: (1) global money demand shocks affect global inflation and global commodity prices (which, in turn, impact on inflation); (2) global asset price dynamics respond to financing cost shocks and (very modestly) to shocks to global money demand; and (3) positive house price shocks exert a significant influence on inflation. From a global perspective, the study suggests that an understanding of inflation requires recognition of the externalities that global commodity and asset price developments exert over domestic inflation.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2015, 1(3); 50-76
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparing money and time donation: what do experiments tell us?
Autorzy:
He, Tingting
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11055245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
Money donation
Time donation
Prosocial behavior
Charitable donations
Opis:
Money donation and time donation, as charitable donations from individuals to organizations, are two forms of prosocial behavior that have been increasingly studied in recent years. Despite the vast amount of research about money and/or time donation, however, only limited work has been done on reviewing the research on these two forms of charitable donations as comparable or parallel entities. In this paper, we seek to help fill this gap by reviewing the existing research. We applied the backwards and forwards snowballing technique to arrive at a review sample of 39 experimental papers published in 2000–2020 that have compared money and time donation, or at least analyzed them as two parallel entities. We examine the issues that are predominantly considered in these experimental papers and summarize the general directions of their findings. We also point out certain gaps in the existing literature and posit some potentially fruitful directions for future experimental research regarding money and time donation.
Źródło:
Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych; 2021, 41, 3; 65-94
2353-8414
Pojawia się w:
Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alternative Views on Money in the First Half of the XX Century and Today
Autorzy:
Brīvers, Ivars
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
money
fractional reserve
full-reserve banking
seigniorage
demurrage
Opis:
The paper deals with the discussion on the alternative ideas on money, created by Silvio Gesell, Frederic Soddy and Karl Ballod. Particularly, the ideas of full-reserve banking, privilege of seigniorage and the principle of demurrage are discussed in the context of possible implementation of these ideas in a future economy. Large part of the paper is library-based, considering and briefly explaining the previously mentioned ideas, and supplementing them with the opinions of the modern economists. The discussion of the possible evolutionary way to implement those ideas is based on the logical analysis and conclusions, derived from the discussions of the author with academicians and financiers. The results lead to the conclusion that these ideas, which may seem unrealistic according the existing paradigm of growth, may turn out to be useful to form the basis of a new monetary and financial system within the new economic paradigm. The paper is an insight into unorthodox proposals on money, which may be useful to specialists and students, investigating monetary and financial systems.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2014, 9, 4; 153-162
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Few Remarks on the Ransom Paid for Releasing Captives in Selected Early Byzantine Hagiographic Texts
Autorzy:
Milewski, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
late antiquity
early Byzantium
brigandage in antiquity
money
Opis:
The article analyzes certain early Byzantine hagiographic texts concerning various forms of brigandage (both maritime and land-based). Two such accounts are studied in detail, one by Gerontius of Jerusalem and another by Theodoret of Cyrus. The instances described unveil the weakness of Roman state structures at the borders of the state as well as in lands harassed by barbarian raids, including piracy. Despite certain flaws (mostly the lack of precision), the accounts under discussion constitute valuable and reliable sources of historical knowledge.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2017, 7; 151-159
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How do Polish children understand economic concepts?
Autorzy:
Kołodziej, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
ADVSEO
Tematy:
ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE
ECONOMIC SOCIALIZATION
MONEY
BANKS
CHILDREN
TEENAGERS
Opis:
Knowledge and understanding of basic economic concepts is crucial for the future orientation of a child in a world of economy and influences taken in this sphere behaviors. Nowadays, children earlier and earlier begin activity in the market, thus the role of economic knowledge increases. This paper presents the results of the research on the fundamental concepts of economic knowledge and understanding of market mechanisms by the children attending the first and sixth grades of primary school. In particular, it analyzes the process of gaining knowledge about money, banks and relation between the supply of a particular good and its price. The results show that children gradually gain economic knowledge, reaching the level enabling to understand the relations between particular actors of the market at the age of twelve.
Źródło:
General and Professional Education; 2012, 1; 15-22
2084-1469
Pojawia się w:
General and Professional Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic factors in the process of calculation of annuities in bodily injury compensation claims under liability insurance
Autorzy:
Jędrzychowska, Anna
Kwiecień, Ilona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
annuity
compensation
personal damage
time value of money
Opis:
The article constitutes a legal and economic discussion of the economic factors which may and should be taken into account while calculating the benefits compensating the loss of income of the injured and of their families in case of death. The analyzed benefits are an important element of compensation of economic loss in personal injury cases where the compensation is the duty of the perpetrator (or the entity responsible for him/her) within the system based on tort liability. In light of the ubiquitous nature of TPL insurance, the payer is usually the insurance company liable under the granted guarantee. The scope of such cover results from the contract and/or legal acts. The subject calculation was based on an actuarial annuity which also takes into account the likelihood of the claimant and his/ her relatives living until the subsequent periodical payments. The applied calculation is of an illustrative nature with regard to the considerations of the relevant economic assumptions made at the time of loss calculation. The discussion carried out in the article concerns the size and value of the economic factors that can be used in this model.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2019, 24, 1; 25-38
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FARC-Hezbollah: The success of Venezuela-Iran proxy groups and their convergence in the Americas
Autorzy:
Guarin P., Jeferson
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194381.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
cocaine traffic
money laundering
TOC
mitosis
revolution
destabilisation
Opis:
Persistence and adaptation are the main characteristics that have allowed FARC and Hezbollah to become perhaps the most successful proxy groups in recent years. Both Iran and Venezuela have sponsored the military, political and criminal actions of these alleged insurgent organisations. The main objective of this research was to identify and conceptualise the mitotic evolution of FARC and Hezbollah from purely armed organisms into consolidated political organisations in Colombia and Lebanon, and how this evolution has presented a criminal convergence in Venezuela based on drug trafficking and money laundering. This article is based on a comparative case-study of published research papers, documents, and official statements of FARC and Hezbollah, by applying a rational perspective that allows their performance to be deduced. The research results showed a constant mutation of these hybrid threats. Thus, not only was the political and military success of these organisations established but also the strategic support of a criminal dimension which converged in Venezuela, where the FARC drug trafficking and Hezbollah money laundering were amalgamated. Consequently, the investigation exposes the possible consequences of the FARC-Hezbollah criminal convergence in the Americas and its destabilising effects in the next decade.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2020, 31, 4; 117-134
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Financial Arrangement as a Reflection of Household Order
Autorzy:
Olcoń-Kubicka, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790831.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-28
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
practice theory
money
household
financial arrangement
household order
Opis:
Based on ethnographic research in 28 young middle-class households in Warsaw, this paper examines the money practices of couples living together, including how they set rules for budgeting, spending, and saving money. Drawing from practice theory and working with evidence gathered among young Poles, the paper shows how the couples jointly create a financial arrangement and then ground it in daily practices, transform it, and adjust it to changing circumstances. As the partners share a practical understanding and the rules are intelligible to each of them, this arrangement reflects the current order in the given household. By reconstructing the explicit or tacit beliefs as to why certain money practices are appropriate, desirable, acceptable, or completely inadmissible, this paper argues that everyday money practices are moral in nature and that a financial arrangement requires moral justification.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2016, 196, 4; 477-494
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inflation, exchange rate and efficacy of monetary policy in Nigeria: The empirical evidence
Autorzy:
Chukwuma Ogbonna, BigBen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
monetary policy
exchange rate
inflation
money growth
nigeria
Opis:
This paper analyses the post SAP persistence of inflation in Nigeria for the period, 1960-2008 with exchange rate, money supply and trade balance as preferred influential variables. To investigate the effect of policy switch from the period of direct instrument to the period of deregulation occasioned by SAP of 1986, we proceed to bifurcate the sample period into two, comprising the period of direct instruments of monetary policy, 1960 – 1985 and the period of indirect instruments of monetary policy, 1986 – 2008. Estimates from a vector auto regression model (VAR) of key macroeconomic variables demonstrate the weak link between money supply and inflation in the both time horizons, which suggests that the hypothesis that money supply is not an effective policy instrument for management of inflationary developments cannot be rejected for Nigeria. The results further suggest that in both time horizons, exchange rate has been identified as a singular most promising macroeconomic fundamental for both internal and external sectors adjustments. However, the deregulation of the domestic economy as occasioned by SAP has significantly diluted the efficacy of exchange rate as a monetary policy instrument for the management of Nigeria’s aggregate money stock and trade balance developments. These notwithstanding, the Central Bank of Nigeria can continue to play a stabilizing role in the economy through the continuation of prudent monetary policies and frequent interventions in exchange rate management to smooth out shocks.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2016, 13; 40-53
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nadużycie władzy publicznej elementem korupcji – próba szerszego ujęcia zjawiska
Abuse of Public Authority as an Element of Corruption – an Attempt to Provide a Wider Perspective
Autorzy:
Walczak, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
corruption
public authority
legal corruption
entrepreneurship
money laundering
Opis:
The article attempts to thoroughly discuss and interpret actions and mechanisms strictly related to corruption, associated with the abuse of authority, mandated responsibilities and decision-making competences. The author discusses broad understanding of the notion of corruption, provides his own definition of corruption and presents substantive arguments to justify his reasoning and perception of specific events and processes. In his article, the author also analyses the proceedings patterns which are characteristic of the so-called legal corruption. Special attention is paid to the motives and objectives of actions taken, as well as the consequences of such practices. In the later part of the study, the premises and circumstances are discussed, which are significant for the abuse of power qualified under the provisions of Article 231 of the Criminal Code.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2019, 64, 3 (386); 109-125
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stablecoin – the stable cryptocurrency
Autorzy:
Kołodziejczyk, Hanna
Jarno, Klaudia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2895475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
stablecoin
cryptocurrency
e-money
digital token
digital currency
Opis:
This article deals with the emerging topic of stablecoins, which is an umbrella term used to refer to a stable cryptocurrency. The authors shall address a number of questions, namely: what are stablecoins; when are they used; what are the most common characteristics of stablecoins. The authors shall also present a taxonomy of stablecoins based on the mechanism employed to stabilize their value. A more thorough exploration of the market for stablecoins will follow, with particular attention given to the controversies surrounding the most popular of stablecoins – Tether.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2020, 3(63); 155-170
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teoria pieniądza w ujęciu polskich marginalistów
Theory of money according to Polish supporters of marginalism
Autorzy:
Danowska-Prokop, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/589473.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Inflacja
Pieniądz
Polityka pieniężna
Inflation
Monetary policy
Money
Opis:
Polscy marginaliści w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego nie podchodzili w sposób bezkrytyczny do fisherowskiej wersji teorii ilościowej pieniądza. Odmienne spojrzenie na pieniądz i jego istotę oraz na politykę pieniężną wynikało z problemów, z którymi borykała się polska gospodarka w omawianym okresie.
Polish marginalism in the interwar period was marked by originality and independence from West-European patterns. The Polish followers of marginalism took into account the specific political and economic experience of newly-reborn Polish state and they paid careful attention to practical aspects of economic life, including an exceptional role of money and monetary policy.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2016, 287; 41-52
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz jako towar fikcyjny – utopia liberalizmu według Karla Polanyiego
Money as a fictitious commodity – liberal utopia according to Karl Polanyi
Autorzy:
Kozubowski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Karl Polanyi
money
Karl Mannheim
commodification
liberalism
utopia
Opis:
This article concerns Karl Polanyi’s theory of money as a fictitious commodity and its importance for understanding liberal ideology. According to the Hungarian economist, money is not a commodity but a social relation between the debtor and the creditor. Therefore, the complete commodification of money is part of a liberal utopia, as it is associated with a counter-movement and an economic crisis, two processes that make impossible the constitution of a market society. The author analyzes the problem of counter-movement through the prism of Karl Mannheim’s theory of utopia and ideology. The final part of the article deals with the problem of economic crises, Polanyi’s views on the nature of economic breakdown are compared with contemporary reflection on the role of money in financial markets.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2020, 23, 3; 21-36
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ALTERNATIVE WEIGHTING SCHEMES IN SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GDP PER CAPITA CONVERGENCE
Autorzy:
Próchniak, Mariusz
Witkowski, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453057.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
rational expectations
output
anticipated and unanticipated money supply
Opis:
The article analyzes conditional beta convergence in the EU28 countries with the use of spatial econometrics techniques. We consider alternative structure of the spatial weight matrix based on economic distances. Basing on the spatial Durbin-Watson model, two spatial specifications are tested, which make use of the volume of international trade and the inverted GDP per capita differences between the considered objects. We confirm the existence of GDP convergence and show that the gravity-models-type logic is superior to the approach based on inverted geographic distances.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2014, 15, 2; 198-208
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Désir souverain, volonté de fer, puissance de manipulation : les personnages des spéculateurs chez Zola et Maupassant
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek-Wiśniewska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Zola
Maupassant
money
speculator
business
pieniądz
spekulacja
biznes
Opis:
The paper discusses two characters of speculators as shown in two 19th century novels. Zola’s Aristide Saccard incarnates fever, chaos and prodigality of a provincial who has become a millionaire pursuing his dream of fortune. Guy de Maupassant’s William Andermatt is a banker whose extraordinary capacity of making money is based on rationalism, cold calculation and exceptional intuition. Despite all the differences, they both embody three basic features of a businessman: desire, will and power.
Artykuł ukazuje dwie sylwetki spekulantów – bohaterów XIX-wiecznych powieści E. Zoli (Aristide Saccard) i G. de Maupassanta (William Andermatt). Pierwszy ucieleśnia gorączkowość, chaos i rozrzutność parweniusza z prowincji, który stał się milionerem. Drugi to bankier, którego niezwykły talent do zarabiania pieniędzy opiera się na racjonalizmie, chłodnej kalkulacji i wyjątkowej intuicji. Mimo dzielących ich różnic, obaj stanowią inkarnację podstawowych cech biznesmena: pragnienia, woli i władzy.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2020, 2; 186-194
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The essence of money laundering – selected security issues
Autorzy:
Jakubiec, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
criminal policy
money laundering
criminalization of regulations
international cooperation
Opis:
Combating the crime of money laundering is of key importance for stabilizing the economy of every democratic state. Threats posed by the introduction of huge amounts of money from criminal activities into circulation are extremely high and pose a direct threat to the financial economy of the state, which in fact leads to its destabilization. The scale of undertakings undertaken on the international arena confirms the huge profits made by criminal groups from their illegal activities. In order to combat this practice properly, it is necessary to recognize this phenomenon at an early stage. For this purpose, specialized bodies have been established whose task is to identify threats related to money laundering and transfer this information to law enforcement authorities, which will take action to identify the criminal group. In accordance with international standards, the legislator has criminalized the phenomenon of money laundering, as only the involvement of law enforcement agencies ensures the proper fight against this practice. The mere penalization of criminal law provisions is not sufficient. Due to the fact that law enforcement authorities themselves do not have information about suspicious transactions that may bear the hallmarks of money laundering. It is reasonable to emphasize the importance of cooperation not only between the authorities within the state but also on the international arena. The article refers not only to the criminal policy in the field of money laundering, but also emphasizes the role of cooperation between the relevant institutions, which enables the effective fight against this practice. In connection with the above, the aim of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of money laundering from the perspective of the criminalization of provisions that are the basis for the effective fight of law enforcement agencies. To present the intended goal, methods of literature research were used with an emphasis on the Pro-Quest, Scopus and Science-Direct databases and public data provided by the Ministry of Finance, as well as applicable legal acts.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej; 2023, 27, 1; 33-37
2543-9103
2543-411X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamics of Trade Openness in Sri Lanka
Autorzy:
Mohamed Aslam, A. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Gross Domestic Product
Money supply
Sri Lanka
Trade openness
Opis:
In Sri Lanka, even it was verbally confirmed that the trade openness occurs the wonder on the economy of Sri Lanka, which was not statistically proofed. This study was to test the trade openness dynamics of the economic growth in Sri Lanka using annual time series data over the period of 1975 to 2014. In this study the following variables were used as variables gross domestic product, which was the proxy variable of the economic growth, the trade openness and the money supply. Furthermore, in order to test the long run relationship between the variables, the Johansen cointegration technique was employed while, the VECM technique was employed to test the short run behaviour of the trade openness. In this study, both techniques confirmed that the trade openness negatively and significantly had the long run relationship with the economic growth. While, the lag values of the trade openness in short run period, jointly had not impacted on the economic growth over the sample period. Finally, this study recommended to the government of Sri Lanka that the export should be increased when they formulate the trade development policy.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 81, 2; 94-105
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Powstanie i rozwój bankowości centralnej
The Rise and Evolution of Central Banking
Autorzy:
Stolarska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1856539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
bank
bank centralny
bankowość
pieniądz
central bank
banking
money
Opis:
The rise of central banking in the world and in Poland has become necessary. The desire for economic evolution in particular countries forced them to look for finances and also for proper ways of investing them. Moreover, the issue of money by private banks contributed to many crises. The history of central banking in Poland goes back to the beginning of the 17th century. It started with a discussion – that lasted over 60 years – over setting up a public bank. It was set up only in1828, and then closed down in 1885. The further history of central banking in Poland depended on the economic situation obtaining at the moment in the country, as well as on the political situation. At the time when Poland was partitioned mainly the occupant countries' banks worked. When Poland recovered its independence the main task was the settlement of the monetary circulation and of the credit, supporting the stability of the new currency, and the economic development of the country. After World War II the new government and the new system brought a central bank that was entirely dependent on the state. The present shape of the central bank is the result of evolution and transformation of the Polish state and of the banking system.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2004, 32, 3; 153-168
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Georg Simmel’s The Philosophy of Money and the Modernization Paradigm
Autorzy:
Karalus, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-19
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
money
monetary economy
modernity
Georg Simmel
modernization paradigm
desubstantialization
Opis:
This article examines Georg Simmel’s contribution to the understanding of how money functions in modern society, mainly scrutinizing his most important work on that topic,The Philosophy of Money, in the con-text of modernization theories. Modernization theories, as developed (most notably) by Marx, Weber, Durkheim,and Elias, attempted to explain the transition from feudalism and a closed agrarian economy to capitalism andindustrial society, as well as to understand and predict the avenues, consequences, and dangers of that transfor-mation. The author argues that Simmel’s work and his theoretical framework fit neatly into the “modernizationparadigm” template and, in fact, constitute one of its finest articulations. The conclusion points at those aspectsof Simmel’s sociology that transcend the boundaries of modernization discourse and make him a forerunner ofthe postmodernist structure of “feeling.”
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2018, 204, 4; 429-445
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinanty i skutki procesu prania pieniędzy w XXI wieku
Autorzy:
Figurska, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Ekonomiczny
Tematy:
pranie pieniędzy
determinanty money laundering
skutki prania pieniędzy
AML
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje na temat prania pieniędzy w XXI w. Ujęto zatem definicję samego procesu, charakteryzowano różne rodzaje pieniędzy (sklasyfikowane przez źródła ich pochodzenia) w gospodarce światowej, omówiono istniejące zachęty do rozwoju procederu prania pieniędzy, przykłady rajów podatkowych powiązanej z dolarów i konsekwencji całego procesu. Szkodliwa praktyka prania pieniędzy jest brana pod uwagę przez większość państw i jest monitorowana przez jedną z najważniejszych organizacji na rzecz rozwoju gospodarczego – OECD. Nowe przepisy, podobnie jak zasady FATCA lub AML, to przykłady działań podjętych przez wyżej wymienione podmioty w celu wyeliminowania zjawiska prania pieniędzy.
The article presents basic information about money laundering in the twenty first century: definition of the process itself, different kinds of money (classified by the source) in the global economy, incentives for the development of money laundering, examples of tax havens linked to the US Dollar and consequences of the entire process. The damaging practice of money laundering has been taken under consideration by most of the countries and is also monitored by one of the most important organization for economic development, OECD. New legislation, like FATCA or AML rules, are examples of actions taken by above‐mentioned entities to eliminate money laundering.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Studenckie Wydziału Ekonomicznego „Nasze Studia”; 2017, 8; 161-169
1731-6707
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Studenckie Wydziału Ekonomicznego „Nasze Studia”
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Value for Money for Transport Infrastructure Projects and Its Marketing Components – Conceptual Thoughts and Reflections
Autorzy:
Propkopowicz, Adam K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
value for money
infrastructure
government
3E approach
marketing
Opis:
Purpose: There is a need to insure effectiveness in public transport infrastructure capital outlays. The Value for Money (VfM) concept has been embedded in political economy and management without a clear methodological framework and accepted definitions. This paper addresses methodological boundaries and opportunities for implementation of the VfM concept with special consideration to its marketing components. Methodology: A literature review and assessment of practical experience has been completed. An evaluation of the VfM logic is also provided. The VfM functions and application as an analytical, management and marketing tool are analyzed. Findings: The VfM project assessment methodology can be used to insure the best possible input costs and impacts ratio. The maximization of VfM is possible if this approach is correctly and fully implemented. Additional methodological and conceptual work is needed to ensure its full applicability. This concerns also marketing elements of the VfM concept. Originality: The paper presents a complex approach to VfM as an analytical and management procedure. It contributes to research advancement in this insufficiently explored area. Keywords: value for money, infrastructure, government, value for money 3E approach, value for money, marketing
Źródło:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe; 2014, 22, 4; 179-193
2084-3356
Pojawia się w:
Management and Business Administration. Central Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Miejsce organów kontroli w walce z korupcją – identyfikacja i eliminacja mechanizmów korupcjogennych
Audit Bodies in the Fight Against Corruption – Identification and Elimination of Corruption-Prone Mechanisms
Autorzy:
Szyc, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
fight against corruption
Money Laundering
good governance
public assets
Opis:
There are many entities in Poland that deal with the fight against corruption, and although no clear outcomes of their activities can be observed, the country has been rating higher and higher in the reports of the Transparency International. A vast majority of the Polish society, like in other European Union Member States, are convinced that the scale of corruption is big. Supreme Audit Institutions have been for many years engaging in the fight against corruption. The Working Group on the Fight against Corruption and Money Laundering, which is one of the structures of the International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions – INTOSAI, among one of its objectives for the years 2011-2016 listed the following: to define and promote a strategy to fight corruption and money laundering. At the moment, works have been finalised within the Group on guidelines on good governance of public assets. The document has been developed by a sub-group led by the Supreme Audit Office of Poland.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2015, 60, 6 (365); 37-53
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryptowaluty a finansowanie przestępczości i pranie pieniędzy
Cryptocurrencies v. financing crime and money laundering
Autorzy:
Wróblewski, Jakub
Martysz, Czesław Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21375462.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-06
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Tematy:
blockchain
money laundering
cybercrime
cryptocurrencies
pranie pieniędzy
cyberprzestępczość
kryptowaluty
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja najważniejszych przestępstw związanych z kryptowalutami oraz praniem pieniędzy przy użyciu infrastruktury opartej na blockchainie. Postęp technologiczny w dziedzinie zdecentralizowanych finansów przed długi czas wyprzedzał regulatorów, którzy dopiero przy gwałtownym wzroście wartości rynku zaczęli działać wprowadzając ograniczenia i zasady znane z tradycyjnych finansów. Mimo tych działań skala przestępstw z wykorzystaniem tych aktywów cały czas rośnie – wzrost zainteresowania detalicznych inwestorów tworzy sprzężenie zwrotne, gdyż coraz częściej padają oni ofiarami przestępstw i dostarczają płynności koniecznej do wyprania pieniędzy.
The aim of this article is to identify the most important types of crime related to cryptocurrencies and money laundering, utilizing the infrastructure based on blockchain technology. The development in the area of decentralized finance for a long time preceded the decisions of regulators, which only when the market increased in value substantially started to act, implementing limits and rules known from traditional finance. Despite these measures, the scale of crimes using the assets has been on the rise all the time: the growing interest of retail investors creates a feedback loop, as they increasingly become victims of crimes and provide the liquidity necessary for money laundering.
Źródło:
Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów; 2023, 193; 201-225
1234-8872
2657-5620
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz zastępczy Szczecina podczas Wielkiej Inflacji (1922–1923) w świetle dokumentów prezydium rejencji szczecińskiej przechowywanych w Archiwum Państwowym w Szczecinie
Money substitutes in Szczecin during Hyperinflation (1922–1923) in the light of Region of Stettin Presidium documents stored in the State Archive in Szczecin
Autorzy:
Pawłowski, Mieszko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12
Wydawca:
Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
Tematy:
economy
paper money
money substitute
money substitute having stable
worth
Hyperinflation
Szczecin
Region of Stettin
Western Pomerania
Prussia
Germany
gospodarka
pieniądz papierowy
pieniądz zastępczy
Wielka Inflacja
rejencja szczecińska
Pomorze Zachodnie
Prusy
Niemcy
pieniądz zastępczy o stabilnej wartości
Opis:
The article presents the issue of money substitutes in Szczecin (Province of Pomerania) during the Hyperinflation in 1922–1923. It examines related legal problems and shows the position of the state authorities regarding the issue of money substitutes. In the paper, the archives of the presidium department of the Stettin Region stored in the State Archive were used.
Źródło:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2022, 18; 185-201
0076-5236
Pojawia się w:
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How to convert economics to science
Jak przeistoczyć ekonomię w naukę
Autorzy:
Dobija, Mieczysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/414803.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-06
Wydawca:
Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Tarnowie
Tematy:
economic theory
labor
capital
money
teoria ekonomii
praca
kapitał
pieniądz
Opis:
Sciences characterise some special quality. Each science saves expensed action, that is to say time and energy. Moreover, professionals are responsible for their action and they can be suing if their work fails. Bridge or plain constructors are responsible for their work, as well medical doctors, and other similar professions. It is also met among some economic disciplines. Who is able to measure periodical income of company faster, cheaper, and better than double entry accounting system? This is not a case of macroeconomics, particularly the most important domain, namely the theory of money. This is economic domain where fundamental law of energy conservation is not respected, despite the fact that in sciences this principle is known since 150 years. Each professional takes into regard the fact that ability of doing work cannot be created. The present theory of money admits action against this never broken rule. Therefore it is not a science. This fact is damaging for societies and for that reason possible economic progress is blocked by budget deficits and taxes.
Cechą nauk fizycznych jest dążenie do oszczędności czasu i energii, czyli działania. Nauki całkowicie respektują fundamentalne prawa rzeczywistości. W naukach ekonomicznych spotykamy działania, jak tworzenie pieniądza gotówkowego, które są sprzeczne z fundamentalną zasadą zachowania energii. Odkrycie stałej ekonomicznej potencjalnego wzrostu, zrozumienie natury kapitału i pracy stwarza nowe warunki do ustanowienia naukowych podstaw teorii ekonomicznych, zwłaszcza teorii pieniędzy. Praca stanowi transfer kapitału, a pieniądze powstają jako potwierdzenie wykonanej pracy, czyli należności z tytułu pracy. Zrozumienie kapitału i pieniędzy prowadzi do odkrycia zjawiska samofinansowania się pracy, co pozwala na bezdeficytową gospodarkę z mniejszymi obciążeniami podatkowymi.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie; 2011, 1(17); 83-103
1506-2635
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fałszerstwa pieniędzy (banknotów i bilonu) oraz czeków i książeczek oszczędnościowych w Polsce w latach 1918-1939
Forgeries of money (banknotes and coins), chequebooks and saving account books in Poland in1918-1939
Autorzy:
Sprengel, Bolesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość w II Rzeczpospolitej
fałszerstwo pieniędzy
forgeries of money
crime
Opis:
In interwar Poland (between 1918-39) banknotes, coins, saving books, and checks were counterfeited. Coins and banknotes were poor protected, some people have rarely dealt with them, and thereby mostly coins and banknotes were falsified. Foreign countries’ banknotes such as for example US dollars were also falsified. Forgery was done by organized crime groups with their own network of distributors who introduced forgeries into circulation. Skilful craftsmen and even manual workers moonlighted with forgery of coins and banknotes. Quick forgery of newly issued money proves the efficiency of the forgers. In addition to the methods used for centuries they invented also new ones. They showed a great invention in gaining similar or even the original paper to falsify money. Graphic designers, printers, lithographers and artists were employed in the production process. After their activities were exposed, they moved to other part of the country to continue their procedure there. The research shows that distributors where the ones most frequently caught by police. Forgers were seldom given away by the distributors who sometimes even did not each other as the criminal network consisted of several middlemen acting in conspiracy. As more and more people learned to recognize Polish money and the economic situation improved, the scale of counterfeiting of money slightly decreased. This tendency is especially visible in the last years of the Second Polish Republic, although the difficulty of verifying statistical data that show different trends in different sources should make one cautious about their credibility. Based on media reports it must be assumed with high probability that the largest size of this phenomenon took place in the early years of the Second Republic. The available data indicate different frequency of appearance of falsified money in the circulation. Most of it was probably not in Warsaw or other big cities but where people very poorely rec-ognized Polish coins and banknotes. Reports of forgeries from such areas are not most numerous. Regulation on the procedure for taking, sharing and retention of falsified currency and its implementing rules, issued in 1927 by the President of the Republic should be considered as belated. The fight against counterfeiting of money was one of the main tasks of the International Commission of the Criminal Police of which the Polish National Police was an active member. It also cooperated in this area with police forces from other European countries and even with the U.S. Federal Service of Investigation (FBI). In order to make the prosecution of money falsification more effective there was a special office and file of falsifiers and falsified money organized and maintained by the Police Headquarters. The instruments to motivate the police to prosecute counterfeiters were also introduced. Criminalist studies played an important role in the process of detection.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2012, XXXIV; 569-601
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza polskiej waluty z punktu widzenia Carry trade dla wygospodarowania zysku przez inwestorów walutowych w latach 2006-2011
The Analysis of the Polish Currency from the Perspective of Carry Trade to Generate Profits by Investors between the Years of 2006-2011
Autorzy:
Kráľ, Miloš
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Inwestor indywidualny
Pieniądz krajowy
Waluta
Currencies
Individual investors
National money
Opis:
The article introduces the issue of Carry trade. It presents an analysis of its use on the example of currency Carry trade in the years 2006-2011 with the aim to obtain profits on the exchange rates PLN/EUR and PLN/USD. Historical data depicted in charts confirm the possibility of obtaining large profits from the investments done on the Polish currency by the investors who know a principle and methods of Carry trade, and use the optimal financial products existing in the global financial markets. The profits of investors were financed by the issuer - i.e. the Polish economy (in its Balance of payments).
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2013, 174; 236-244
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz elektroniczny w Polsce a perspektywa wdrożenia EMD2
The Impact of Electronic Money Directive II Regulations on E-money in Poland
Autorzy:
Kisiel, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/585752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Banki
Elektroniczne płatności
Pieniądz elektroniczny
Banks
Electronic money
Electronic payments
Opis:
The EU regulations concerning electronic money evolved heavily since the beginning of 21st century. The first e-money directive (EMD) was largely unsuccessful as an attempt to regulate this market, partly because of the unclear definition of the phenomenon. The second directive (EMD2) gives more freedom to the market participants and lowers the barriers of entry. Poland still has not fully harmonised its internal rules with the EMD2. It affected negatively the development of electronic money in Poland, forcing the institutions to choose other forms of activity. The expected changes in e-money regulations will form an impulse to the development of electronic money systems. The local entities however will face strong competition from outside the country and will have to find their own market niches. The most lucrative e-commerce niches are already occupied by large multinational schemes, so the most successful way to win the market will be based on innovation.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2013, 173; 227-239
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do Polish non-financial listed companies hold cash to lend money to other firms?
Autorzy:
Białek-Jaworska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
cash holdings
lending money
loans
non-financial companies
cash flow
Opis:
This paper aims to identify factors influencing Polish non-financial corporate lending to other entities starting from the recognition motives and sources of cash holdings. The research analyzed panel data of 754 non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange with use of tobit panel and generalized least squares method. Cash holding is motivated by a transaction motive, a protection against risk by the use of derivatives, investment opportunities and lending money. Non-financial companies try to step into the shoes of financial institutions by lending using money gained from their cash flow, especially when they have long-term investments.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2017, 3(17), 4; 87-110
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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