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Tytuł:
Determinanty generowania kredytów gospodarczych w okresie pokryzysowym na przykładzie polskiego sektora banków spółdzielczych
Autorzy:
Kil, Krzysztof
Miklaszewska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
cooperative banks, corporate loans, SMEs loans
Opis:
The post-crisis period stressed the role of small, local banks in corporatelending, particularly for SME, due to such their advantages as being based onrelationship banking and extensive knowledge of local market. However, it isstill unclear whether it is a short or long-term advantage. The aim of this paper isto analyze the factors affecting the size and quality of the loan portfolios of thePolish cooperative banks. In the empirical part, the study is based on statisticaldata and panel research, based on individual balance sheet data for the banksaffiliated to the BPS SA. The results confirm that the role of cooperative banksin lending to businesses increases, but also pointed to internal diversity of thesector in this area: growth in loans to the corporate sector was particularly strongfor large banks with strong capital, but also resulted in their declining safety andincreasing bad loans portfolio.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 2; 143-160
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kredyty hipoteczne w Polsce w kontekście stabilności finansowej i makroekonomicznej
Mortgage credits in Poland in the context of financial and macroeconomic stability
Autorzy:
Kata, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/447125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
mortgages
housing loans market
currency loans
banks
Opis:
The dynamic development of the housing loans market in Poland in years 2001-2014 is important for the financial stability of the banking sector and macroeconomic stability. In this context, are important such characteristics of the mortgage portfolio as: monetary and temporal structure of loans, the conditions on which loans, the security level value of residental real estate loans, the criteria for verifying the creditworthiness of customers. Important is also fact that long-term mortgages were financed using short-term deposits. These features of the housing loan portfolio in Poland create many threats to financial and macroeconomic stability.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne; 2015, 2(22); 183-196
1644-888X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on credit financing of microenterprises and farmer business activity in Poland
Autorzy:
Wielechowski, Michał
Zając, Adam
Czech, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1969124.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-22
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
COVID-19 pandemic
microenterprises
farmers
investment loans
working capital loans
loan enquiries
non-performing loans
Opis:
Our study shows that the novel coronavirus pandemic has significantly affected the banking loan market for microenterprises and farmers. We observe a decrease in granted loans and loan enquiries and an increase in the share of non-performing loans. Our research might be useful for the Polish national government, financial institutions, banks, and entrepreneurs.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2021, 47, 2; 475-496
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Activity of Microfinance Institutions in the Period of the Global Financial Crisis
Autorzy:
Galiński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
microfinance institutions
loans
deposits
Opis:
The article examines the models of microfinance institutions (MFIs) and some alterations in this field. The regional distribution of MFIs has been shown, as well as their main ties with the real economy against a background of commercial banks. The study also provide some findings on the influence of the financial crisis, which erupted in the late 2007, on the microfinance sector. Therefore, the author analyzed the literature and quantitative data in order to determine these relation-ships.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2013, 8, 1
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Finansowanie nieruchomości za pomocą kredytu bankowego wobec braku stabilności finansowej a problem bezpieczeństwa konsumenta
Real Estate Financing by a Bank Loan in Times of Financial Instability and the Problem of Consumer Safety
Autorzy:
Czechowska, Iwona Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
consumer
bank
mortgage loans
Opis:
The access of Poland to the EU caused the creation of the consumer protection system which consists of legal controls and different institutions such as e.g. UOKiK, BA, RZu. The aim of the study is to show problem of protection of bank services market consumer. The range of bank services is limited here to mortgage loans. Changes on the mortgage loan market in Poland during 2005–2008 are analysed in this work. The crisis on financial markets and its consequences have also been considered. The author presents the bank actions in the face of consumers during the crisis and the possibilities of the solving the disputes with dissatisfied consumers.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2010, 13, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"Credit Holidays" - Origins and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Use by Eligible Borrowers Using Selected Examples
Autorzy:
Borys, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36478926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
mortgage loans
credit holidays
residential property market
housing loans market
interest rates
Opis:
The occurrence of negative phenomena over the past two years: the Covid-19 pandemic, the temporary disruption of supply chains, the war in Ukraine and the energy crisis has affected many aspects of the global economy, including the rise in inflation and interest rates. All borrowers, including more than two million households in Poland repaying home loans, have been affected by these changes - most notably visible in the dynamic increase in lending rates. In order to help borrowers repay the instalments of such loans granted in zloty, the Legislator introduced legislation in July 2022 allowing for the use of „credit holidays”. The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study carried out on the basis of sample home loans - the impact of the introduction of „credit holidays” on the level of loan principal and instalments, assuming that all the money saved from the suspension of instalments is used to overpay the loan.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2023, 2, 38; 23-43
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Language Contact in the Semantic Field of Computers and the Internet: The Newest English Lexical Loans in Polish
Autorzy:
Zabawa, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
lexical loans
semantic loans
loan translations
corpus studies
computing terminology
Internet terminology
Opis:
Nowadays more and more people are using computers and the Internet; consequently, they are continually in touch with computing terminology. The study and analysis of such terminology thus seems very important not only from the point of view of a linguist, but from one of an average computer user as well. Polish language for computers and the Internet is in a state of constant change today: new terms, mostly borrowed from English, enter the language all the time. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the origin of the newest lexical borrowings of English, many of which have not been noted in the dictionaries and/or discussed in the literature on the subject, used in Polish language for computers and the Internet. Special attention will be devoted to the morphology of such loans; among other things, special morphological processes will be discussed, such as the formation of diminutives of computer terms. The research is based on a corpus, collected and analyzed by the author of the study. The corpus comprises of texts taken from various Internet message boards devoted to computers and the Internet.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2014, 3; 127-136
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instytucja pożyczkodawcy ostatniej instancji - na przykładzie Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego
Autorzy:
Frankiewicz, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Financial crisis, Financial instruments, Loans
Opis:
A global lender of last resort is an institution that plays a significant role in an international financial system. It was clearly brought into the limelight by the recent financial crisis. The existence of this institution is strongly justified by the volume and volatility of global capital flows, the increasing financial and economic interlinkages between the countries, as well as the consequent possibility of the spill over effects. The article argues that the International Monetary Fund appears to be the only international financial institution capable of acting as a global lender of last resort and thus ensuring stability of the international financial system. The IMF has proven useful in providing liquidity support to countries struggling with financial dificulties in recent years. It is equipped with adequate financial resources, lending facilities tailored to address the specific circumstances of its members, highly qualified staff and the coordination capacities at the international level, which are indispensable to forestall the crisis in the global economy
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2016, 4; 167-184
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interwencja legislacyjna jako propozycja rozwiązania problemu tzw. kredytów frankowych: wybrane aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne
Legislative intervention as a proposal to solve the problem of CHF loans in Poland: selected theoretical and practical aspects
Autorzy:
Koźmiński, Krzysztof
Jabłoński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31339089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
indexed loans
denominated loans
Swiss francs
Swiss franc loans
legislative intervention
legislation
kredyty indeksowane
kredyty denominowane
frank szwajcarski
kredyty frankowe
interwencja legislacyjna
legislacja
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano przeszkody i trudności, przed którymi stanie polski ustawodawca, regulując materię kredytów indeksowanych/denominowanych do franka szwajcarskiego. Celem opracowania jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące prawnej oraz społeczno-ekonomicznej zasadności takiej władczej ingerencji w kredytowe stosunki kontraktowe. Stosując metodę formalno-dogmatyczną, a także mając na uwadze teoretycznoprawne wnioski dotyczące legisprudencji, ustalono, że ewentualna interwencja legislacyjna może spotkać się z oporem społecznym, trudnościami w zakresie techniki legislacyjnej oraz spowodować negatywne skutki gospodarcze.
The article present the obstacles and difficulties that the Polish legislator will face when regulating the matter of CHF loans indexed/denominated. The aim of the study is to provide answers to questions regarding the legal and socio-economic justification of such imperious interference in credit contractual relations. By applying the formal-dogmatic method, and taking into account the theoretical and legal conclusions regarding legisprudence, it was established that any possible legislative intervention may meet with social resistance, difficulties in the field of legislative technique and cause negative economic effects.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2022, 38; 141-157
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Arabic grammatical loans in contemporary swahili prose texts
Autorzy:
Baldi, Sergio
Toscano, Maddalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Orientalistyczny. Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki
Tematy:
Swahili language
Arabic language
language loans
Opis:
The presence of Arabic loans in Swahili has not become subject of reliable corpus-based analyses so far. The in-fluence of Arabic language on Swahili can be investigated in literary sources, but reference to whether writers are Muslims or not is essential for their differentiation. This article intends to investigate the presence of Arabic in contemporary prose texts written by Tanzanian authors from Zanzibar and from mainland. The electronic corpus has two sets, Tanzanian cor-pus and Zanzibarian corpus respectively which are almost equal in size. The reference list of Arabic loans has been ex-tracted from two published sources. Using Concordance, a concordance software for text analysis, the frequency of words representing grammatical classes is tested. Differences in the two corpora have been indicated, as well as some shared occurrences of items of Arabic origin (mostly adverbs and conjunctions).
Źródło:
Studies in African Languages and Cultures; 2015, 49; 5-51
2545-2134
2657-4187
Pojawia się w:
Studies in African Languages and Cultures
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risk Assessment of unsecured loans – example of entering a new market
Autorzy:
Pickert, Jens
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14500602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-11-22
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
unsecured loans
scoring models
risk assessment
Opis:
Objective: The objective of the paper is to show the risk assessment of unsecured loans in theory and practise. Research Design & Methods: In the first part, the paper makes a literature review with regard to the theory unsecured loans and their risk assessment. In the second part, a case study discusses the risk assessment process as a practical application in the hypothetical case if a Swedish bank enters the German market. Findings: The risk assessment of unsecured loans is a standardized process there scoring models make a crucial contribution. This case study shows how difficult that process is in the event of cross-border activities, for example, a bank enters a new market in a new country. Implications & Recommendations: Assessing applicants on a new market is challenging due to the effect of asymmetric information. The problem can be solved by information sharing and by using the experiences from the existing portfolio. Based on that the bank can create an appropriate scorecard. Contribution & Value Added: The paper contributes to existing literature on risk assessment by applying scoring models to the case of cross-border activities. Article type: base on in-depth analysis of literature review
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2017, 1, 3; 45-65
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From Crisis to Success
Od kryzysu do sukcesu
Autorzy:
Sedláková, Iveta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/547901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
competition
bankruptcy
failed loans
prediction models
Opis:
To identify impending threats to the enterprise as well as the financial soundness of a company, professional theory recommends using one of the many methods – the method of balance sheet II analysis. After the outbreak of the global economic and financial crisis, however the bankruptcy predictive model ceased to be trusted in business circles, as in many cases it did not proveitself. On a sample of bankrupt as well as successful public limited companies listed in Business Journal it is possible to test the statistical percentage of the model and to confirm its further use in practice.
W celu oceny kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa, w tym zidentyfikowania zagrożenia ryzykiem bankructwa przedsiębiorstwa, teoria rekomenduje wykorzystanie jednej z wielu metod analizy bilansu – metodę analizy bilansu II. Kryzys gospodarczy i finansowy spowodował, że modele przewidywania upadłości przedsiębiorstw po tym, jak w wielu przypadkach nie sprawdziły się, straciły swoje zaufanie w kręgach biznesowych. Przetestowanie modelu, w celu oceny jego dalszej przydatności w praktyce, jest możliwe na próbie przedsiębiorstw ujętych na liście Business Journal obejmującej realnie upadłe spółki, jak i te w dobrej kondycji finansowej.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2015, 44 cz. 2; 215-222
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
HOUSING MARKETS IN SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND THE USA
Autorzy:
Gostkowska-Drzewicka, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
real estate market
dwellings
mortgage loans
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present the changes taking place in housing markets in selected European countries and in the USA. The basic research period covers the years 1998-2009. However, wherever availability of data allowed so, we covered with our research also the years 1963-2010. The development of domestic housing markets is determined both by specific features of local markets and by macroeconomic factors influencing the economic situation. The availability of capital to finance investment is of primary importance for the changes taking place in housing markets. This factor can be expressed by the volume of mortgage debt related to GDP and inflation and the level of interest rates on mortgage loans. The evaluation of the changes occurring in domestic housing markets was based on the identification of such structural characteristics as: the volume of the housing stock, the number of ready-to-use flats, the number of issued building permits, the indices of housing prices, and the number of transactions concerning purchase of flats or houses.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2012, 8, 1; 23-37
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Creating consumer protection law vs. responsible borrowing on the consumer loan market
Autorzy:
Borys, Grażyna
Manacka, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
consumer loans
consumer protection
responsible borrowing
Opis:
Responsible borrowing means a thorough reflection on the need to become indebted, full transfer of true information affecting creditworthiness, comprehensive analysis of the credit agreement, and refraining from avoiding the repayment of loan obligations. The main purpose of the article is to verify the hypothesis that Polish legislators make only the lenders fully responsible for excessive borrowing on the consumer loan market. The following research methods were used: critical analysis of the subject literature and economic analysis of the respective legal provisions. On the basis of the analyses conducted, areas were identified in which the legislator should use the appropriate legal instruments stimulating responsible borrowing. Among them the following were listed: the consumer’s obligation to prove the absence of overdue payments and the consumer’s notifiation of becoming acquainted with the terms of the loan agreement.
Responsible borrowing means a thorough reflection on the need to become indebted, full transfer of true information affecting creditworthiness, comprehensive analysis of the credit agreement, and refraining from avoiding the repayment of loan obligations. The main purpose of the article is to verify the hypothesis that Polish legislators make only the lenders fully responsible for excessive borrowing on the consumer loan market. The following research methods were used: critical analysis of the subject literature and economic analysis of the respective legal provisions. On the basis of the analyses conducted, areas were identified in which the legislator should use the appropriate legal instruments stimulating responsible borrowing. Among them the following were listed: the consumer's obligation to prove the absence of overdue payments and the consumer’s notification of becoming acquainted with the terms of the loan agreement.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2019, 53, 3
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish loanwords in English revisited
Autorzy:
Dylewski, Radosław
Witt, Zuzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2054309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
loanwords
borrowings
Polish loans in English
Opis:
The impact of the Polish language on the English lexical fabric, although unimpressive, is worth noticing. However, thus far it has not been a source of interest of many scholars. The present paper aims at discussing Polish loanwords that have found their way into the English language; this is done by means of collecting alleged loanwords from an array of sources (dictionaries, subject literature, and the Internet) which are later verified against, inter alia, such etymological dictionaries as the Oxford English Dictionary. Next, in order to assess their scale of use, selected items are checked in a number of corpora available online. The research concludes that there are 33 direct borrowings from the Polish language (belonging to 8 semantic categories) present in English, and nearly half of them are yet unattested in the OED.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2021, 42; 125-151
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal status of a museum deposit: selected issues
Autorzy:
Gwoździewicz-Matan, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27755652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-29
Wydawca:
Krajowy Ośrodek Badań i Dokumentacji Zabytków
Tematy:
deposit
safekeeping
collection policy
long-term loans
Opis:
Looking at the issue of museum deposit from a purely ‘normative’ perspective, it can be concluded that the legal status of this group of objects is not clear. Therefore, a question should be asked about the features that distinguish deposits from other objects, in particular those made available for presentation at an exhibition, preparation of an expert opinion or conservation (referred to in museum practice as ‘borrowed’ objects). Deposits have a stronger ‘relationship’ with the museum, in which they were entered in the deposit book, than objects only accepted for exhibition (lent by a third party), but this feature is not directly reflected in the applicable regulation. There is also no specific time limit in the regulations: how long can the ‘ordinary’ lending last, and when it would be appropriate to conclude a deposit agreement. The analysis of museum practice proves that museums use contracts interchangeably referred to as deposit, safekeeping, lending or borrowing. Adopting an incorrect qualification may have certain consequences, and an institutionalized entity, such as a museum, should ensure that the above-mentioned issues are precisely defined and that they use appropriate contracts for specific situations. The considerations contained in the article are based on the applicable legal regulation and concern, inter alia, the consequences of treating the deposit as an element of museum collections, ‘systematizing’ the so-called official deposits and the use of the image of deposits.
Źródło:
Muzealnictwo; 2022, 63; 47-52
0464-1086
Pojawia się w:
Muzealnictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mensarii – как банкиры
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Ancient Rome, bankers, mensarii, loans-ne’xum
Opis:
Mensarius is one of the terms describing Roman bankers. It is the Latin equivalent of the Greek trapezites – the term first used to describe persons making bank operations. This term was used by Titus Livius and from Ab urbe condita we can take important information about bankers. We find quinqueviri mensarii and triumviri mensarii. The first of them were appointed as a committee in 352 B.C., and according to plebiscitium de quinqueviris mensariis creandis. Quinqueviri mensarii were supposed to solve the problem of Roman citizens’ debts, arising from loans – nexum. They acted as as public banks. The results of the works of this committee were outstanding – they helped citizens and did not cause any loss for the treasury. It so happened, because they used public funds to cover the debts only when the debtors could give a sufficient guarantee. The rest of the debtors had to transfer their goods, which were then evaluated and sold. Triumviri mensarii were appointed as three independent clerks, having wide competences, to stop the crisis doming from the lack of money in circulation (propter penuriam argenti). They were appointed by lex Minucia de triumviris mensariis, from 216 B.C. The committee had probably the same competence as this from 352 B.C. However triumviri mensariis, contrary to the previous committee, were not appointed ad hoc, but they have operated as an office until 210 B.C. Their competence was wide. They registered citizens’ debts and were making payments. They were collecting money as depositum irregulare. Triumviri mensariis were clerks acting as state officials. You can claim that both described categories of Roman officials were acting as a sui generis public bank.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 61-76
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The background of regulating non-bank loan institutions in Poland
Autorzy:
Pindel, Estera
Martysz, Czesław Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
non-bank loan institutions
regulations
payday loans
Opis:
Non-bank loan institutions in Poland often face a bad reputation or a lack of trust, are compared to "parabanks" and frequently recognised as companies operating at the borders of the law. Despite their membership in the financial sector, until recently, public supervision had little control over loan companies and had little knowledge about the scale of their operations. The greater restrictiveness of the new regulations caused a slowdown in the development of loan companies. Changes such as the introduction of bank levy and the amendment to the Consumer Credit Act of 2016 had a signifiant impact on the financial results and the structure of products offered by loan companies. Along with the new regulations, however, there is doubt regarding whether these changes, which are intended to organise the market for non-bank loans, will actually lead to an exodus of loan institutions from the market and to significant limitation and financial exclusion on the part of Polish consumers.
Non-bank loan institutions in Poland often face a bad reputation or a lack of trust, are compared to "parabanks" and frequently recognised as companies operating at the borders of the law. Despite their membership in the financial sector, until recently, public supervision had little control over loan companies and had little knowledge about the scale of their operations. The greater restrictiveness of the new regulations caused a slowdown in the development of loan companies. Changes such as the introduction of bank levy and the amendment to the Consumer Credit Act of 2016 had a significant impact on the financial results and the structure of products offered by loan companies. Along with the new regulations, however, there is doubt regarding whether these changes, which are intended to organise the market for non-bank loans, will actually lead to an exodus of loan institutions from the market and to significant limitation and financial exclusion on the part of Polish consumers.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2019, 53, 2
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamics of loans in the Polish banking system
Autorzy:
Gadomski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969683.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
economic modeling
dynamics of loans
distributed lags
Opis:
At the macro level, the time-series of the amounts of loans granted (a flow) and repaid (a flow) to the banking system in each period are not available. The information on these flows is important in many analyses, such as the impact of the bank lending on investment outlays. However, one can get the information concerning the structure of loans (a stock variable) regarding their duration. In each period, the loans are granted for different periods: from overnight ones to those lasting several years. The effective preferences of the credit takers are reflected in the term distribution of the outstanding loans. In order to estimate these flows, a model aimed at linking the above-mentioned preferences, the levels of loans and flows has been developed. In the approach proposed, the amount of loans outstanding is a resultant of the rate of the new loans and their duration, which in turn is the result of the term preferences. The evaluation of the flow of loans granted in the Polish banking sector is presented.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2009, 38, 3; 893-911
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of board of directors characteristics on risk and bank performance: Evidence from Turkey
Autorzy:
Doğan, Berna
Ekşi, İbrahim Halil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837946.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
corporate governance
bank performance
non-performing loans
Opis:
A bank, particularly in developing countries like Turkey, is one of the most important institutions in the financial sector. Therefore knowing the factors affecting the performance of banks is important for the development of the sector. One of the factors affecting the risk and profitability of banking sector is the internal factors of the banks. The aim of this paper is to investigate the board of directors’ characteristics and its effect on risk level measured by non-performing loans and on bank performance measured by asset profitability using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. Data from nineteen deposit banks for the period 2012–2018 were used. The result of the study determined that the board size, foreign board members and the independent board members have an effect on both non-performing loans and the return on assets.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2020, 6, 3; 88-104
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Macroeconomic Determinants of Credit Risk on the Example of Non-performing Loans
Autorzy:
Zawadzki, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443131.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-10-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
credit risk
non-performing loans (NLPs)
macroeconomic factors
Opis:
The primary goal of this article is to examine the principal macroeconomic factors influencing credit risk as assessed by the nonperforming loan ratio (hereinafter NPL ratio). Based on the results, the ratio of domestic credit to the private sector, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) membership with a negative correlation with NPLs while the unemployment rate and the ratio of public debt with a positive relation with NPLs were statistically significant. In addition, the correlation between the inflation rate and the depreciation of the home currency wasproven. The research examines the effects of the 2008 credit crunch, which triggered the financial crisis. The sample comprises106 countries for the period 2009–2019. The real GDP growth, unemployment rate, public debt ratio, domestic credit to private sector ratio, currency depreciation, inflation rate, and interest rate were analysed as macroeconomic factors. A dummy variable representing OECD membership has been included in the analysis. The estimations were performed using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. This article contributes to the academic discourse on the panel data perspective with regard to non-performing loans, while the practical implications are beneficial for governments and international investors.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2023, 10, 57; 275-286
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parameter Estimation Using LU Decomposition in the Logistic Regression Model for Credit Scoring Analysis
Autorzy:
Rahmani, Ulfa
Pribadi, Diantiny Mariam
Purwani, Sri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Credit Scoring
LU Decomposition
Logistic Regression
Problem Loans
Opis:
Banking is a financial institution that has a very important role in economic and trade activities which is useful for channeling funds in the form of loans to the public who need fresh funds for business in the hope of helping to improve the people's economy. In the loan process, banks are often exposed to risks known as credit risk or non-performing loans. Therefore, a credit analysis is performed by estimating the parameters using LU Decomposition in the Logistic Regression model. In this paper, the data used are data about cooperative financial services in Indonesia. Variables taken in the study are including the age of debtors (X1), family dependents (X2), the amount of savings (X3), the value of collateral (X4), the amount of income per month (X5), given the credit limit (X6), take home pay (X7), and the loan term (X8).
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2020, 140; 1-11
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of the non-performing loan ratio in the European Union banking sectors with a high level of impaired loans
Autorzy:
Ciukaj, Radosław
Kil, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
non-performing loans
European Union banks
credit risk
Opis:
In the article an attempt is made to identify the quality of credit exposure determinants of banks in European Union countries that were characterized by a high level of impaired loans at the end of 2017 (Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Italy, Ireland, Greece, Portugal). Using the static panel-based approach the non-performing loan (NPL) determinants for the period from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed. The results showed that the high level of NPLs can be explained mainly by both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors. In particular, it has been shown that in the surveyed countries supervisory authorities should pay special attention to smaller banks with high dynamics of new loans and a low return on assets due to the fact that these entities are characterized by a higher NPL ratio. A higher level of NPL is also affected by a high concentration of the banking sector and higher interest rates on newly granted loans. As a result of research it was also shown that the majority of NPL determinants are the same in all types of banks, regardless of the business model and the scope of banking supervision. The differences were noticeable in characteristics regarding the housing market as well as the profitability of operations and lending dynamics of the analyzed entities.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2020, 6(20), 1; 22-45
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measuring Non-Performing Loans During (and After) Credit Booms
Autorzy:
Serwa, Dobromił
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483301.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
non-performing loan ratio
credit boom
housing loans
Opis:
In this study we evaluate the distortion of the ratio of non-performing loans (NPL) caused by rapid credit growth to show that the bias in this ratio (caused by the prolonged credit boom) may indeed be significant. Next, we discuss an adjustment to the NPL ratio based on a theoretical model of a loan portfolio. This adjustment is robust for credit booms and busts; therefore, it can be used to compare credit quality ratios across distinct portfolios and banks as well as to simulate future NPL ratio developments. Our estimates of the portfolio of housing loans in Poland show that the new adjusted index of non-performing loans is robust to different model specifications.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2013, 5, 3; 163-183
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zu lexikalischen Einflüssen des Deutschen auf die polnische Pressesprache des galizischen Krakaus
Autorzy:
Feret, Andrzej S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/700405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Germanistów Polskich
Tematy:
loan words, translation loans, German, Polish, contrastive studies
Opis:
The aim of this paper is semantic classification of German loan words in the Polish language at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Its research body is the press, published in the period 1890–1910 in Cracow, in the former Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. This is the time in which Galicia as a part of Austria-Hungary enjoys since 1873 under Polish leadership the complete autonomy. The influence of German is no more as strong as in the pre-autonomous period but it is still there. It comes over in the form of foreign words, borrowings and more or less successful translation loans, which, although constructed of native lexemes of Polish, show their German origin clearly. The paper tries to show which areas of daily life were subject to the greatest influence of German vocabulary and the ways how the assimilation took place.
Źródło:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten; 2014, 3, 1
2353-656X
2353-4893
Pojawia się w:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinanty recesji na rynku pożyczek pozabankowych w Polsce
Autorzy:
Waliszewski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
pożyczki pozabankowe
kredyt konsumencki
rynek consumer finance
przepisy antylichwiarskie
non-bank loans
consumer loans
consumer finance market
anti-usury regulations
Opis:
Zaostrzenie regulacji w zakresie detalicznej działalności kredytowej banków (rekomendacja T KNF) doprowadziła do dynamicznego wzrostu sektora pożyczek pozabankowych w Polsce. Obok segmentu tradycyjnego (off-line) pożyczek udzielanych w domu i w punktach stacjonarnych – własnych i partnerskich, np. poprzez pośredników finansowych w związku z rozwojem nowoczesnych technologii w finansach konsumenckich (fin-tech), powstał i dynamicznie rozwinął się segment pożyczek udzielanych zdalnie (on-line, digital lending, Lendtech). W okresie dynamicznego wzrostu pozabankowego sektora pożyczkowego w życie weszło szereg regulacji o charakterze ostrożnościowym i w zakresie ochrony konsumenta–pożyczkobiorcy, a największe instytucje pożyczkowe od lutego 2016 r. zostały objęte tzw. podatkiem bankowym. Jednak statystyki rynku pożyczkowego za 2019 r. wskazują, że z miesiąca na miesiąc dynamika sprzedaży pożyczek pozabankowych spadała, aby w końcu roku osiągnąć ujemne wartości (ok. –3%), oznaczające w praktyce stan recesji tego rynku. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja determinant zaobserwowanej w 2019 r. recesji rynku pożyczek pozabankowych. W artykule wykorzystano literaturę przedmiotu, na którą składają się akty prawne, artykuły naukowe, raporty i dane statystyczne.
The tightening of banking regulations in the field of retail lending (recommendations of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority) led to a dynamic growth in the non-bank loans sector in Poland. In addition to the traditional (off-line) segment of loans granted at home and in stationary outlets – own and partner ones, e.g. through financial intermediaries in connection with the development of modern technologies in consumer finance (fin-tech), the remotely granted loans segment has been dynamically developed (on-line, digital lending, Lend-tech). During the dynamic growth of the loan sector, a number of prudential and loan consumer protection regulations entered into force, and the largest loan institutions were covered by the so-called bank tax. However, loan market statistics for 2019 show that from month to month the sales dynamics of non-bank loans fell to reach negative values at the end of the year, which in practice means a state of recession on this market. The purpose of the article is to identify the determinants of the recession of the non-bank loans market observed in 2019. The article uses literature on the subject, which consists of legal acts, scientific articles, reports and statistical data.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2020, 1, 25; 105-121
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rynek pożyczek pozabankowych w Polsce w świetle polityki niskich stóp procentowych banku centralnego
Autorzy:
Szelągowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
payday loans, usury, financial exclusion, low interest rate policy
Opis:
A large part of the society is still financially excluded from social life despitethe era of low or zero interest rates. Banks are not interested in rendering servicesto customers of limited means. In consequence, citizens excluded from the bankingsector are searching for the alternative sources to satisfy their financial needs.Money is supplied by payday loan providers which offer usurious short term loansat prices many times higher than bank prices. The article answers the followingresearch question: Is the payday lending market winning the competition withthe banking sector in Poland and if so, what is the reason in era of historic lowbasic interest rates and incomparably higher total costs of payday loans? Thefollowing research hypothesis was verified in the study: the lack of supervisionover payday loan companies in Poland contributes to usurious exploitation ofthe people excluded by banks, which results in a debt spiral for a considerablesegment of customers.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 1; 119-135
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GDP growth as a bank loan quality determinant
Autorzy:
Rachuba, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
asset quality
GDP growth
macroeconomic cycle
non-performing loans
Opis:
Past financial crises and recessions have revealed the importance of the economy’s condition for the loan quality. Macroeconomic determinants of the non-performing loans have been attracting considerable attention in recent years. The aim of this paper is to organize and summarize studies examining the role of GDP growth and its impact on bank loan quality. This approach reveals the research problem which is to specify if there exists a statistically significant relationship between economic growth and the level of non-performing loans. It is equally important to determine the direction of this link. By appealing to common knowledge, the research hypothesis states that an increase in economic activity results in improving loan quality. To verify the hypothesis, the analysis of the relevant literature and the methods of verbal as well as tabular description have been applied. Empirical results on the link between the macroeconomic environment and the level of non-performing loans appear to be quite conclusive. It has been found that an economic expansion generally improves the loan quality. This broadly proven relationship is in line with many studies which confirm the borrowers’ increased willingness to repay debts in a favourable economic environment. Far less frequently, the intensified macroeconomic activity leads to future bank losses. Additionally, some studies do not provide any statistically significant effect of GDP growth on the loan quality.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2020, 2(14); 21-37
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ubezpieczenie nieruchomości z cesją praw jako zabezpieczenie spłaty kredytu hipotecznego w kontekście interesu konsumenta
Autorzy:
Nowak, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022506.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
kredyt
ubezpieczenie
zabezpieczenie kredytów
credit
collateral of loans
insurance
Opis:
Udzielanie kredytów przez banki obarczone jest ryzykiem kredytowym, jakim jest brak spłaty zobowiązania przez dłużnika. W tym celu banki wymagają zabezpieczeń, a jedną z głównych form zabezpieczenia kredytu jest ubezpieczenie, w szczególności ubezpieczenie nieruchomości od ognia i innych zdarzeń losowych. W praktyce banki wymagają również przeniesienia praw przyszłych przysługujących kredytobiorcy z umowy ubezpieczenia. Również kredytobiorcy narażeni są na różnego rodzaju ryzyka, których zmaterializowanie się może skutecznie utrudnić spłatę kredytu. W związku z tym, kredytobiorcy korzystają z ubezpieczeń w nadziei, że ubezpieczyciel pokryje dług w ramach ochrony ubezpieczeniowej. W artykule autorka przedstawia główne nieprawidłowości występujące w praktyce w dystrybucji ubezpieczeń nieruchomości od ognia i innych zdarzeń losowych oraz ocenia warunki cesji praw z umowy ubezpieczenia na bank.
Lending by banks is fraught with credit risk which can be defined as a risk of default of the borrower. For this purpose banks require collateral especially insurance specifically insurance of real estate. Borrowers are also exposed to various types of risks which may make difficult to repay the loan in the future. In this connection borrowers can also benefit from insurance in the hope that insurer will repay the debt within insurance protection. In the article author presents the impropriety occurring in practice at the insurance of real estate distribution and assesses the main conditions assignment of rights to the bank.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2019, 4, 24; 85-97
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niepewność interpretacyjna zapisów ochrony ubezpieczeniowej konsumentów ubezpieczeń na życie oferowanych do kredytów mieszkaniowych na przykładzie wybranych ofert
Interpretation uncertainty of consumer life insurance offered by selected banks
Autorzy:
Nowak, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878751.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
mortgage
life insurance
collateral of loans
bancassurance
consumer protection
Opis:
Bundled package of home loans and insurance are a natural phenomenon. Banks treat insurance as the primary security for the credit. For the consumer–borrower can help in financial difficulty. The purpose of insurance added to the loan is to reduce the risk of inability of borrowers to pay back their loans to banks and to ensure the safety of the insured or beneficiary of the insurance policy Therefore, insurance added to the loans should effectively protect borrowers. However, bundled package entails the risk of mismatching the insurance cover with the individual policy-holder insurance needs. Consumer–borrower may not be aware of the scope of insurance protection, which results from the insurance contract and general insurance terms and conditions. Therefore, in order to properly understand the offer of insurance, it becomes necessary to familiarize the borrower–the consumer with the general insurance conditions. However, as research shows, there is a big problem on the insurance sector with unintelligible insurance policy. The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The aim of the article is to compare and assess the scope of insurance cover based on the provisions of the general conditions of life insurance added to home loans by the two largest banks in Poland. Methodology: The article uses a comparative analysis of the scope of insurance cover on the based on provisions of the general conditions of insurance. The following categories have been selected from the general conditions of insurance: subject of insurance, definitions of events covered by the liability of the insurer, nature of benefits, amount of insurance and exclusions and limitations of liability. Results of the research: the analysis of the scope of insurance cover at selected banks in the article shows that selected categories from the general terms and conditions of insurance limit the potential level of insurance cover. After reviewing the general terms and conditions of insurance, consumer–borrower is not sure whether he will get help from the insurer when he needs it.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, 3, 31; 89-105
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Credit Risk of FX Loans in Poland. Debt Service Burden and the Effect of Neutralization of Currency Depreciation by Foreign Interest Rates
Autorzy:
Wośko, Zuzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
credit risk
housing FX loans
FX lending
debt service
Opis:
This paper describes an analysis of the effects of both foreign exchange (FX) risk and interest rate risk on installments of the housing FX loan using classic comparative statics approach. By focusing on sensitivity of annuity with respect to infinitesimal changes of parameters it presents the impact of the interest rate and FX rate on installments in terms of their shares of the total outstanding in foreign currency, and illustrates using values, in Polish zlotys, for three example loans extended during the period when Poland saw its most intensive FX lending. This analysis represents an attempt to answer a question frequently raised in this country of late: does the issue of debt servicing housing FX loans matter for borrowers and therefore could affect banks’ loan portfolio quality?
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2016, 1; 43-59
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efektywność publicznej i sądowej kontroli uczciwości umów kredytów hipotecznych powiązanych z kursem waluty obcej
The efficacy of public and judicial review of the fairness of mortgage loans indexed to foreign currencies
Autorzy:
Czabański, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
foreign currencies mortgage loans
unfair terms
Polish Financial Supervision Authority
Opis:
The article discusses problems created by the introduction of foreign currencies mortgage loans (especially indexed to the Swiss Franc) into the mass consumer market in Poland (mainly in years 2005–2008). Approximately 900 thousands of Polish consumers have their mortgage loans indexed to foreign currencies. This kind of loan became very popular due to lower interest rates. However, indexation of mortgage loan to foreign currency has also exposed borrowers to foreign exchange risk of which consumers were insufficiently informed. This risk has materialised to some extent with sharp increases in CHF exchange rate in 2009 and 2015. The article reports the unsuccessful attempts of self-regulation of the banking sector as well as delayed actions undertaken by regulatory bodies, namely the Banking Supervision Authority, and subsequently, the Polish Financial Supervision Authority, which tried to limit the scope of such risky loans on the consumer market. As political attempts to solve the problem have also been unfruitful, the individual litigations in civil courts have become of particular significance. The courts have not reached a common approach to individual claims yet. In some judgments such loans are declared null and void, in others orders are issued to perform the loans but disregarding the unfair terms of indexation. There are also judgments that declare such contracts perfectly legal. The author discusses the present case-law and presents a preferred direction of action which in his opinion may provide full protection of consumers against unfair contract terms which would be at the same time in line with the requirements of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2018, 1 (21); 71-99
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W jaki sposób mikrofinansowanie pomaga w walce z ubóstwem : studium przypadku Grameen Bank
How Microfinance Helps Combat Poverty : a Case Study of Grameen Bank
Autorzy:
Janikowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889565.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Małopolska Szkoła Administracji Publicznej
Tematy:
Mikrofinanse
Pożyczki
Kredyt
Wykluczenie finansowe
Microfinance
Loans
Credit
Financial exclusion
Opis:
W ostatnim numerze półrocznika "Ekonomia Społeczna" mieli Państwo możliwość zapoznania się z napisaną przez prof. dr hab. Jerzego Hausnera przedmową do polskiego wydania książki Muhammada Yunusa Przedsiębiorstwo społeczne. Kapitalizm dla ludzi. W niniejszym artykule chciałabym przedstawić bliżej koncepcję laureata Pokojowej Nagrody Nobla oraz wpływ, jaki wywarła na poprawę losu ubogich na całym świecie. Celem artykułu nie jest ocena istniejących instytucji finansowych ani systemu finansowego per se.(abstrakt oryginalny)
The last issue of Ekonomia Społeczna included Jerzy Hausner's preface to a Polish extract of Building Social Business: The Grameen Bank. In this article, the ideas of the Nobel Peace Prize winner as well as their impacts on the improvement of the lot of poor people worldwide are discussed in more detail. The article does not to aim to assess existing financial institutions or financial systems themselves. (original abstract)
Źródło:
Ekonomia Społeczna; 2011, 2; 75-83
2081-321X
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia Społeczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nonlinear regression model of the formation of the loan portfolios of the banks in Central and Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Alieksieiev, I.
Belyayeva, O.
Yastrubskyy, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
bank
loan portfolio
external debt
foreign liabilities
deposits
distressed loans
Opis:
The article examines the impact of significant factors and adaptation of the experience of CEE countries to the current conditions of the banking business development in Ukraine in order to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic banks in the conditions of European financial integration. In order to identify the main sources of risks a regression analysis of formation of the loan portfolio volumes of the banks in CEE has been made.
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2013, 2, 3; 9-15
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do Polish non-financial listed companies hold cash to lend money to other firms?
Autorzy:
Białek-Jaworska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
cash holdings
lending money
loans
non-financial companies
cash flow
Opis:
This paper aims to identify factors influencing Polish non-financial corporate lending to other entities starting from the recognition motives and sources of cash holdings. The research analyzed panel data of 754 non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange with use of tobit panel and generalized least squares method. Cash holding is motivated by a transaction motive, a protection against risk by the use of derivatives, investment opportunities and lending money. Non-financial companies try to step into the shoes of financial institutions by lending using money gained from their cash flow, especially when they have long-term investments.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2017, 3(17), 4; 87-110
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pożyczki od jednostek powiązanych a wygładzanie zysków przez polskie przedsiębiorstwa prywatne
Intra-group loans and earnings smoothing in Polish private firms
Autorzy:
Białek-Jaworska, Anna
Dec, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/515226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Księgowych w Polsce
Tematy:
wygładzanie zysków
pożyczki od jednostek powiązanych
umowy kredytowe
przedsiębiorstwa prywatne
earnings smoothing
intra-group loans
loans from related entities
debt contracting
private firms
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie, czy finansowanie polskich przedsiębiorstw prywatnych, często zarządzanych przez właścicieli, pożyczkami od jednostek powiązanych zmniejsza ich skłonność do wygładzania zysków dzięki niższym kosztom agencji. Pożyczkodawcy będący jednostkami powiązanymi pełnią podwójną rolę interesariusza, będąc zarówno udziałowcami, jak i wierzycielami. Oczekiwano, że pożyczki wewnątrzgrupowe zmniejszają problemy agencji związane z długiem, gdyż ograniczają potrzebę stosowania kowenantów dotyczących zadłużenia i wygładzania zysków. Ponadto płatności odsetkowe z tytułu tych pożyczek zmniejszają zmienność wypłat, co redukuje potrzebę wygładzania dywidend i zysków. Dzięki zastosowaniu metody regresji liniowej i propensity score matching stwierdzono, że przedsiębiorstwa prywatne finansowane przez jednostki powiązane w mniejszym zakresie wygładzają zyski niż pozostałe firmy. Przy wzroście wskaźnika pożyczek od jednostek powiązanych do aktywów ogółem o 10 punktów procentowych, wygładzanie zysków maleje o około 15,9% średniej wartości. Potwierdzono występowanie efektu substytucji pomiędzy pożyczkami wewnątrzgrupowymi a wygładzeniem zysków. Wskazano, że sprawozdawczość finansowa firm prywatnych odpowiada potrzebom informacyjnym interesariuszy pełniących podwójną rolę, tj. wierzycieli powiązanych kapitałowo z pożyczkobiorcą.
This paper aims to verify whether the financing of Polish private firms, often managed by owners, with the use of intra-group loans, decreases the propensity to earnings smoothing as a result of lower agency costs. Intra-group lenders play a dual stakeholder role, being both equity holders and creditors. We expect intra-group loans to mitigate agency problems of debt, because they reduce the need for debt covenants and earnings smoothing. Besides, the interest payments from these loans tend to lower payout volatility which reduces the need for dividend and earnings smoothing. With the use of OLS and propensity score matching we find that private firms financed by related entities exhibit significantly less earnings smoothing than other private firms. With a 10 percentage-point increase in such loans to total assets ratio, earnings smoothing decreases by ca. 15,9% of the mean value. We find evidence for the substitution effect between intra-group loans and income smoothing. We point out that private firms’ financial reporting responds to the needs of the stakeholders playing a dual role as lenders linked with borrowers (related entities).
Źródło:
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości; 2019, 102(158); 11-33
1641-4381
2391-677X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent Developments of the P2P Lending Market in Poland
Aktualny stan rozwoju rynku p2p w Polsce
Autorzy:
Mitręga-Niestró, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/586289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Platformy internetowe
Pożyczki
Ryzyko finansowe
Financial risk
Internet platforms
Loans
Opis:
Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie obecnego stanu rozwoju rynku transakcji 2p2 w Polsce. W artykule podjęto również próbę przedstawienia głównych wyzwań dla przyszłości tego rynku. Pożyczki p2p są dynamicznie rozwijającym się sektorem transakcji finansowych w wielu krajach na świecie. Rynek p2p rozwija się również w Polsce. W porównaniu jednak do rynku brytyjskiego czy amerykańskiego jest on nadal bardzo niewielki. Kokos.pl i Finansowo.pl są przykładami platform oferujących pożyczki p2p, które zdobywają coraz więcej klientów. Perspektywy rozwoju rynku p2p w Polsce wydają się obiecujące, jednak przyszłość zależeć będzie od bezpieczeństwa i przejrzystości tego typu transakcji.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 186 cz 2; 264-277
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ rekomendacji nadzorczych na kształtowanie się rynku kredytów mieszkaniowych w Polsce
Autorzy:
Willmann, Mariola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
property mortgage loans
credit risk
Polish Financial Supervision Authority recommendations
Opis:
The correct risk identification, its measurement and setting its acceptable level are the basis for credit risk management in every bank, as well as the whole banking system. The last subprime crisis in the USA clearly showed that irresponsible behaviour of market participants may destabilise the financial system, causing serious consequences, both social and economic, not only for the banking system of a particular country, but also for the global financial system. The new areas of risk which are emerging nowadays force local as well as international regulators and supervisors to take serious actions in order to limit this risk and prevent any future crisis. In the following dissertation actions taken by the Polish banking supervisor, concerning mortgage loans, have been analyzed in order to establish the impact they have had on the development of the mortgage market, as well as quality and safety of its credit portfolio for the Polish banking system. The considerations were mostly based on the analysis of supervisory recommendations published by Polish Financial Supervision Authority. They describe good practices in the field of retail credit risk management (Recommendation T) as well as residential mortgage loans and loans secured by mortgage (Recommendation S). The content also includes references to EU regulations.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2013, 1 (14); 204-255
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corporate bonds or bank loans? The choice of funding sources and information disclosure of Polish listed companies
Autorzy:
Białek-Jaworska, Anna
Krawczyk, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1356649.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
corporate bonds
bank loans
disclosure
cash flow variability
investment risk
Opis:
The paper aims to find what determines the choice of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) between public debt (corporate bonds) and private debt (bank loans). For this purpose, we estimate logistic regression models and panel models of corporate borrowing determinants to compare the impact of enterprise characteristics on financing with the use of corporate bonds or bank loans. In this study, we are interested in explanatory variables that explain the role of transparency measured by the level of information disclosure; and a risk proxy of the variability of operational cash flows and investment risk (retrieved from generalised auto-regressive conditional heteroscedasticity [GARCH] models estimated on companies’ stocks [shares] trading on the WSE).
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2019, 6, 53; 262 - 285
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of English on Polish morphology
Autorzy:
Mańczak-Wohlfeld, Elżbieta
Witalisz, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
non-lexical influence of English
morphological loans
word-formation rules
Opis:
The aim of the present paper is to show that the influence of English is not only limited to the area of lexical borrowing. Non-lexical influence includes, for instance, occasional introduction of the genitive -s, semantic loans, loan translations and morphological modifications. Four English combining forms: -gate, -(a/o)holic, cyber-, e- have been selected for the analysis. The research material for the study comes mainly from the National Corpus of Polish as well as from some earlier publications on new morphological developments in Polish. The morphological and semantic analysis of the four combining forms include: the origin/s of each morpheme, their meaning/s, the type of morphemes they attach to, spelling rules, other information if applicable, e.g. gender, feminine counterparts. The adoption of English combining forms results in the adoption of a foreign word-formation rule that has become productive in Polish.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2016, 4; 421-434
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agriculture loans in cooperative banks of the Podlaskie voivodeship
Kredyty dla rolnictwa w bankach spółdzielczych województwa podlaskiego
Autorzy:
Łukaszuk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2051266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
preferential loans
farms
cooperative banks
offer
the Podlaskie Voivodeship
financing
Opis:
Subject and purpose of work: Running an agricultural activity requires acquiring funds necessary for its functioning and proper development. The most classic examples of financing agricultural activity include all kinds of bank loans used by farmers for the purchase of agricultural land, construction and modernization of buildings, the purchase of machinery and equipment, as well as the establishment of perennial plantations or the purchase of a herd. The aim of the study is to present the possibilities of financing agricultural activity by cooperative banks in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Materials and methods: The study used the method of observation and analysis of banking materials. The source of information was the data of cooperative banks, the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture and the Central Statistical Office. Results: Over the centuries, cooperative banks have developed techniques, methods and practices in the field of agricultural lending. They have somehow specialized in this area and offer farmers a full range of commercial loans. They have also actively participated in the redistribution of funds under the implementation of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. for many years. Currently operating farms have access to many forms of financing (the most developed and available in banks, however, are loans) depending on their financial needs or planned investments. Conclusions: Among many forms of foreign capital in agriculture, it is preferential loans that play a significant role as a stimulus to improve farm activities. Granting loans by cooperative banks is one of the basic tasks in their operations. Bank loans play an important role in changes taking place in agriculture. They generally do not violate the principles of market economy and financing rules, provided that the financial and credit policy takes into account the needs and limitations resulting from the current and forecast economic situation of farms.
Źródło:
Economic and Regional Studies; 2020, 13, 4; 473-489
2083-3725
2451-182X
Pojawia się w:
Economic and Regional Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of IFRS 9 on the Link Between Lending and the Capital Ratio in Publicly Traded Banks in Poland
Autorzy:
Bojar, Paweł
Olszak, Małgorzata Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-07-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
loans growth rate
capital ratio
expected credit loss
IRFS 9
Opis:
This paper aims to determine the role of the expected credit loss approach as defined in IFRS 9 in the effects of capital ratio on loans growth in publicly traded banks in Poland. To resolve this problem, we apply semi-annual data of individual banks in 2012–2018. Using several estimation techniques, we find that in the period of implementation of the expected credit loss approach, the links between loans growth and the capital ratio were enhanced. In particular, lending growth is more sensitive to levels of the capital ratio. These results are important with respect to the goal of bank financial stability and have implications for the conduct of macroprudential policy.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2022, 1(17); 60-73
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy stabilność finansowa stanie się wyzwaniem w działalności funduszy pożyczkowych?
Can financial stability be a challenge in the loan funds?
Autorzy:
Filipiak, Beata Zofia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/589613.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Fundusze pożyczkowe
Pożyczki
Stabilność finansowa
Financial stability
Loan funds
Loans
Opis:
W artykule poruszany jest problem stabilności działania funduszy pożyczkowych. Przeprowadzono w nim wstępną analizę parametrów pośrednich i bezpośrednich, przyjętych jako czynniki mające istotny wpływ na wewnętrzną (finansową), instytucjonalną i zewnętrzną stabilność systemu finansowego jako całości. Rozważono jakość portfela pożyczkowego jako istotnego elementu wpływającego na stabilność finansową funduszy pożyczkowych, jak i systemu finansowego. W opracowaniu zastosowano metodę analizy szeregów czasowych, metody analizy finansowej oraz podstawowe metody statystyki opisowej.
The article discusses the problem of the stability of the loan funds. The author has carried out a preliminary analysis of indirect and direct parameters adopted as factors having a significant impact on the internal (financial), institutional and external stability of the financial system as a whole. The article analyzes the quality of the loan portfolio as an important element affecting the financial stability of loan funds and the financial system. The article uses the method of time series analysis, financial analysis methods and basic methods of descriptive statistics.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2018, 358; 68-80
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Does withholding tax on interest limit international profit-shifting by FDI?
Autorzy:
Białek-Jaworska, Anna
Klapkiv, Lyubov
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
withholding tax
foreign direct investments
inter-company loans
profit shifting
Opis:
Research background: Poland is a significant recipient of intercompany loans as a part of foreign direct investment (FDI) debt instruments reported in the Balance of Payments. Most of them come from the developed West European countries ? Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, and Belgium. Igan et al. (2020) confirm debt-based FDI inflows to emerging markets had a higher impact on the industries? growth in the pre-crisis period 1998?2007 than after (till 2010). Purpose of the article: We aim to identify withholding tax (WHT) impact on intercorporate loans inflow to Poland and analyse the relationship between trade credit and intercompany loans to assess the importance of the profit-shifting role of FDI after 2010. Methods: To reflect the impact of withholding tax and trade credit on inter-company loans (inward debt-based FDI) in 2011?2017 to Poland, we use Arellano-Bond and random effects panel model estimators. The estimated specification is derived from the knowledge-capital model and includes two types of capital: human and physical. Findings & value added: We show that WHT on interests reduces profit-shifting by multinational companies? intercompany lending to Poland. But intercompany loans are positively related to foreign trade credit. Unlike in the case of total FDI inward to Poland (Cieślik, 2019), we identified that vertically integrated multinational enterprises are more likely to provide loans to Polish firms. This study is the first to confirm that withholding tax of interests reduces international profit-shifting by FDI and to provide evidence on the relation-ship between foreign trade credit and intercompany loans provided by multi-national companies.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2021, 16, 1; 11-44
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Komputerowa symulacja zmienności rat długoterminowych kredytów w PLN i CHF zaciągniętych w latach 2004-2008
Computer simulation of payments volatility for longterm loans in PLN and CHF drawn in 2004-2008
Autorzy:
Twardochleb, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/432279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
long-term loans
foreign exchange risk
computer simulation
financial risk analysis
Opis:
This paper presents the results of using proprietary simulation software for the analysis of the financial risk associated with long-term taking loans in domestic and foreign currency. The study was conducted for loans in PLN and CHF incurred in different periods characterized by a different situation on the financial markets (significantly different currency exchange rates or interest rates, another entry in the „economic cycle”). The theoretical part of the paper describes basic concepts in long-term loans, and also shows the major assumptions for analyzing financial risks arising from incurring long-term obligations in domestic or foreign currency. In the practical part the assumptions of simulation of volatility of future fixed repayment level for loans taken out in PLN or CHF between 2004 and 2008 were described. The results of simulation along with the calculation of the total amount paid in future periods for analyzed variants of credit were also presented.
Źródło:
Informatyka Ekonomiczna; 2015, 2(36); 50-59
1507-3858
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka Ekonomiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on loans in Bucharest-Ilfov
Wpływ pandemii SARS-CoV-2 na pożyczki w Bucharest-Ilfov
Autorzy:
Cioclu, Alexandra
Teodorescu, Camelia
Cazacu, Cristian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16728924.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-04-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
pożyczki
pandemia COVID-19
nieruchomości
loans
COVID-19 pandemic
real estate
Opis:
Recourse to a loan in the case of individuals is an expression of the growing desire to improve their living conditions, and to be able to purchase goods that meet the requirements of today's life. During the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, there have been other requirements, different from those of the previous period, and loans could be one of the ways to solve the new problems of the population of Bucharest-Ilfov. The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolution of loans for the population of Bucharest-Ilfov in the pre-pandemic period and from the beginning of the pandemic and to understand the attitude that credit consumers may have during this period. The objectives of the study are to identify how the credited funds were used, in addition to the size of the amounts accessed. The credited amount represents only a dimensional, quantitative component, but what was purchased with the amount accessed through a loan is a qualitative component. The data were provided, without exposing the personal data of those who accessed a loan, by the National Bank, through FGDB. The results provide a clear picture of the increasing trend of the quantitative side, but there is a greater attention between the amounts credited in lei and those in foreign currency. Equally, the purpose for which these funds were accessed was oriented towards the goods of maximum necessity. Of these, real estate occupies a superior position, while the opposite population is loans for tourist services.
Korzystanie z kredytu w przypadku osób fizycznych jest wyrazem rosnącej chęci poprawy warunków życia oraz możliwości zakupu towarów spełniających potrzeby. Podczas pandemii SARS-CoV-2 istnieją inne wymagania niż w poprzednim okresie, a pożyczki mogą być jednym ze sposobów rozwiązania tych nowych problemów populacji miast. Celem opracowania jest analiza ewolucji kredytów dla populacji Bukareszt-Ilfov w okresie przed pandemią i od początku pandemii, oraz zrozumienie postawy, jaką mogą mieć konsumenci kredytów w tym okresie. Celem badania jest określenie, w jaki sposób wykorzystano kredytowane środki, a także wielkość udostępnionych kwot. Kredytowana kwota stanowi jedynie wymiarowy, ilościowy składnik, ale to, co zostało zakupione za kwotę uzyskaną dzięki pożyczce, jest składnikiem jakościowym. Wyniki zostały przekazane bez ujawniania danych osobowych osób, które uzyskały dostęp do pożyczki przez Narodowy Bank za pośrednictwem FGDB. Wyniki dają wyraźny obraz tendencji wzrostowej po stronie ilościowej, ale większą uwagę zwraca się na kwoty zapisane w lejach i walutach obcych. Podobnie cel, dla którego te fundusze zostały udostępnione, był ukierunkowany na towary najwyższej konieczności. Wśród nich dominującą pozycję zajmują nieruchomości, podczas gdy przeciwna populacja to kredyty na usługi turystyczne.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach; 2021, 57, 130; 23-27
2082-5501
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sytuacja finansowa sektora bankowego (2012 – I kwartał 2013)
Banking Sector’s Financial Standing (2012 – I quarter of 2013)
Autorzy:
Gąsiński, Hubert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/509470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
depozyty bankowe
kredyty bankowe
sektor bankowy
kredyty mieszkaniowe
jakość portfela kredytowego
działalność bankowa
bank deposits
bank loans
banking sector
housing loans
credit portfolio quality
banking activity
Opis:
W opracowaniu przedstawiono sytuację sektora bankowego na przełomie 2012 roku oraz 1 kwartału 2013 roku. Przedstawiono strukturę sektora bankowego z uwzględnieniem stanu zatrudnienia oraz opisem fuzji, które nastąpiły w omawianym czasie. Ponadto poruszono następujące kwestie: działalności depozytowej, działalności kredytowej, jakości portfela kredytowego z podziałem na poszczególne rodzaje kredytów oraz wyniku finansowego sektora bankowego. Wykazano stabilną pozycję sektora bankowego w Polsce, mimo znacznego osłabienia koniunktury gospodarczej w 2012 r., czego przejawem było utrzymanie wyniku finansowego na poziomie z roku 2011. Opisano główne składniki pozycji kosztowych oraz przychodowych w rachunku wyników sektora bankowego. Przedstawiono jakość portfela kredytowego w sektorze bankowym w podziale na poszczególne rodzaje udzielanych przez banki kredytów (szczególnie zwrócono uwagę na kredyty mieszkaniowe udzielone w walucie, gdzie wskaźnik LTV był większy niż 80%). Opisano sytuację depozytową na międzybankowym rynku, w którym umiarkowany wzrost skali działania oraz umocnienie złotego przełożyły się na ograniczony przyrost zobowiązań sektora bankowego w 2012 roku. Wprowadzone zmiany w strukturze depozytowej przyczyniły się do wzrostu stabilności źródeł finansowania.
In his study, the author presented the situation of the banking sector at the turn of 2012 and the first quarter of 2013. He presented the banking sector’s structure, taking into account the state of employment and description of mergers that occurred in the time-period in question. Moreover, he touched the following issues: deposit business, lending activity, credit portfolio quality divided into individual types of credits and financial performance of the banking sector. The author evidenced a stable position of the banking sector in Poland despite a significant slack of business condition in 2012 which symptom was maintenance of the financial result at the level of the year 2011. There are described the main components of cost and income items in the banking sector’s profit and loss account. There is also presented quality of the credit portfolio divided into individual types of loans provided by banks (in particular, attention is paid to housing loans granted in foreign exchange where the LTV index was higher than 80%). There is described a deposit standing in the interbank market where a moderate growth of the scale of activity and strengthening of the zloty translated into a limited increment of the banking sector’s liabilities in 2012. The introduced alterations in the deposit structure contributed to growth of stability of funding sources.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula; 2013, 33/2013 Ekonomia IV; 94-108
2353-2688
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kredyt studencki jako źródło finansowania edukacji wyższej
Autorzy:
Cieślak, Daria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1022487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
sytuacja finansowa studentów
preferencyjne kredyty studenckie
student loans
financial situation of student
Opis:
W Polsce kredyt studencki udzielany jest od 1998 roku. Jak się okazuje obecnie nie jest on dość popularny, a z roku na rok udzielanych kredytów studenckich jest coraz mniej. Powstaje pytanie dlaczego tak się dzieję i co na to wpływa? Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena funkcjonowania kredytu studenckiego oraz wyjaśnienie sytuacji, dlaczego kilka lat temu udzielano ich kilkadziesiąt tysięcy, a w chwili obecnej (2019 r.) znacznie mniej. Przedstawiony zostanie także związek dobrej sytuacji finansowej z podjęciem decyzji o zaciągnięciu kredytu studenckiego.
In Poland, student loans have been granted since 1998. As it turns out, they are not quite popularnowadays and there are fewer and fewer student loans from year to year. The question ariseswhy this is happening and what affects it? The  purpose of this article is to present and evaluate the functioning of student loans and explain the situation why several thousand of them were granted a few years ago, but much less at present (2019). The  relationship between a strong financial standing and the decision to take a student loan will also be  presented.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2019, 4, 24; 11-31
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Credit risk management and financial performance among deposit money banks in Nigeria: A case study of Zenith Bank Plc
Autorzy:
Oke, Michael Ojo
Wale-Awe, Olawale Isaac
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/499428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
Risk management
Credit risk
Loans and advances
Loan loss provision
Bank performance.
Opis:
Risk is an intrinsic attribute that is existent in virtually all fields of human endeavour. The financial environment has turned out to be extremely precarious, unstable and unpredictable by dint of defective risk management practice. In giving out credit, Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) take the risk of the loan or advances (LAD) being fully or partially lost, or of the interest-income accrued not eventually materialising. The review of empirical literature revealed a plethora of approaches to measuring the credit risks facing financial institutions. They showed that the management of risks has a positive impact on profitability. Concentrating on deposit money banks in Nigeria and using Zenith Bank Plc as a case study, the objective of this study is to show in simple terms that risks can be represented by the LAD and the loan loss provision (LLP) made by DMBs, just as performance can be measured by the return on equity (ROE), while total assets (TAS) are included as the control variable. Using data extracted from the financial statements from 2002 to 2017 (16 years), it was established, by means of descriptive statistics and regression analysis, that loan loss provision does not exert a significant impact on profitability.
Źródło:
Forum Scientiae Oeconomia; 2018, Volume 6 (2018) Issue No. 2: Economic Growth, Innovations and Lobbying; 23-36
2300-5947
Pojawia się w:
Forum Scientiae Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing Ukrainian Banking Performance Before and After the Crisis
Autorzy:
Shkura, Iryna
Peitsch, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/474896.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę Cognitione
Tematy:
performance
problem loans
debt provision
banking system
financial crisis
bank stock prices
Opis:
The main goal of this paper is to analyze the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on the Ukrainian financial system and on Ukrainian banks’ performance. Our analysis is based on key bank performance indicators from 2003-2011. Bank assets, liabilities and capital are analyzed, and changes in bank management are taken into consideration. Special attention is paid to changes in bank stock prices of two of the largest banks, prior to and following the crisis.
Źródło:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation; 2011, 7; 29-42
2299-7075
2299-7326
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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