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Tytuł:
Consistency examination of linear inequality system
Autorzy:
Brzeskwiniewicz, Henryk
Kłaczyński, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747539.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Linear inequalities
Opis:
.
An investigation of the consistency of a linear inequality system is considered. It is proven that the system of linear inequalities Ax≥b is consistent if and only if for any generalized inverse A− of a matrix A the system of equations (I−AA−)v=−(I−AA−)b has a nonnegative solution for the vector v. Consistency of the above system does not depend on the choice of the matrix A−. The paper also presents methods for investigating the existence of nonnegative solutions of systems of linear equations.
Źródło:
Mathematica Applicanda; 1997, 26, 40
1730-2668
2299-4009
Pojawia się w:
Mathematica Applicanda
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwarunkowania redukcji nierówności dochodowych w Polsce
Determinants of the Reduction of Income Inequalities in Poland
Autorzy:
Bartak, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/548150.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
nierówności dochodowe
źródła nierówności
zwalczanie nierówności
income inequalities
sources of inequalities
tackling inequalities
Opis:
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy Polska ma szansę na ograniczenie nierówności dochodowych przy jednoczesnym realizowaniu postulatów modernizacyjnych. W początkowym fragmencie pracy przedstawiony został poziom nierówności dochodowych oraz płacowych za pomocą współczynnika decylowego i Giniego oraz indeksu Theila. Na podstawie danych statystycznych wywnioskowano, że nierówności dochodowe w Polsce od roku 2005 maleją, jednak nierówności płacowe, w szczególności nierówności między regionami kraju, są coraz większe. Wysoka korelacja nierówności dochodowych i wartości Warszawskiego Indeksu Giełdowego świadczy o fakcie, że spadek nierówności dochodowych, przy jednoczesnym wzroście nierówności płacowych spowodowany był kryzysem finansowym i redukcją części spekulacyjnych dochodów kapitałowych. W dalszej części pracy zidentyfikowane zostały źródła dysproporcji dochodowych. Zostały one podzielone na te o charakterze mikroekonomicznym – związane z nierównomiernym wyposażeniem jednostek w kapitał ludzki, brakiem równości szans i preferencji oraz z paradoksami rozwoju kapitału ludzkiego, oraz instytucjonalnym – związane z odmiennymi instytucjami aglomeracji miejskich i pozostałych terenów kraju oraz Polski Wschodniej i Zachodniej. Jako ostatnia grupa przyczyn nierówności dochodowych ukazane zostały źródła makroekonomiczne – związane z liberalizacją finansów, postępem technologicznym oraz rosnącą rolą transnarodowego kapitału w gospodarce światowej. Odwołując się do wcześniej opisanych źródeł dysproporcji dochodowych przedstawione zostały możliwości ich niwelowania wraz z towarzyszącymi im trudnościami. Wykazano, że obniżenie nierówności dochodowych uwarunkowane jest przezwy-ciężeniem paradoksów rozwoju kapitału ludzkiego, zmianą polityki edukacyjnej, prowadzeniem polityki zwalczającej nierówności frustrujące oraz uzyskaniem międzynarodowego konsensusu na rzecz przejrzystości transakcji finansowych i ograniczania wyprowadzania zysków do rajów podatkowych.
The article claims to answer the question whether Poland has a chance to reduce income inequalities without charming modernization processes. The beginning of the paper presents the level of income and wage inequalities in Poland. For that purpose Gini coefficient, deciles ratio and the Theil index were used. On the basis of statistical data, it was concluded that income differences in Poland since 2005 have declined, however, wage inequalities, in particular inequalities between regions of the country have increased. The high correlation between income inequalities and the Warsaw Stock Exchange Index suggests that the decline in income inequalities accompanied by increasing wage inequality is caused by the financial crisis which triggered the reduction of the speculative capital income. The next part of the article investigates the sources of income inequalities. They were divided into microeconomic, institutional and macroeconomic ones. The former are related to uneven endowment with human capital, lack of equal opportunities and preferences, and the paradoxes of human capital development. The next group of sources was associated with different institutions prevailing in urban areas and other areas of the country and the Eastern and Western Poland. The latter group of causes was related to the liberalization of finance, technological change and the increasing role of transnational capital in the global economy. Referring to the previously described sources of income disparities, the possibilities of leveling income inequality (along with the accompanying difficulties) were presented. It has been shown that a reduction of income inequalities is conditioned by overcoming the paradoxes of human capital development, changes in educational policy, maintaining policies that combat frustrating inequalities and obtaining international consensus on the transparency of financial transactions and limitation of profits shifting to tax havens.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2014, 37; 220-238
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówności społeczne i wykluczenie cyfrowe w społeczeństwie informacyjnym
Autorzy:
Olejniczak, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1397322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-01
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Koninie. Wydawnictwo
Tematy:
social inequalities
information socjety
digital inequalities
digital exlusion
Opis:
Social inequalities and digital exclusion in the information society The article presents selected topics on social inequalities in the information society. The concept of digital stratification was introduced along with the causes of digital inequalities. The second part of the article presents the problem of social exclusion in the digital age, to which seniors are particularly exposed. Współczesne społeczeństwa w krajach rozwiniętych coraz bardziej nabierają charakteru poprzemysłowego. Równolegle w celu ich charakterystyk używane się odniesienia do dominujących w nim sił - wiedzy, informacji, mediów, sieci. O ile w społeczeństwie agrarnym, zdaniem D. Bella, kluczowe problemy gospodarowania wiązały się z transportem materiałów, w społeczeństwie przemysłowym z transportem energii, tak w erze postindustrialnej dotyczą one transportu informacji (za: Michalczyk, 2008, s. 38). Informacje (choć nie zawsze wiedza) sprzężone są z technologiami dystrybuującymi, w związku z czym kluczowe sfery aktywności człowieka ulegają mediatyzacji. Obiegi informacyjne, kreowanie
Źródło:
Konińskie Studia Społeczno-Ekonomiczne; 2021, 7, 1; 97-105
2391-8632
Pojawia się w:
Konińskie Studia Społeczno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On coefficient inequalities in the Carathéodory class of functions
Autorzy:
Lecko, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1207925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Carathéodory class
coefficient inequalities
Opis:
Some inequalities are proved for coefficients of functions in the class P(α), where α ∈ [0,1), of functions with real part greater than α. In particular, new inequalities for coefficients in the Carathéodory class P(0) are given.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 2000, 75, 1; 59-67
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niebez pieczeństwo wykluczania społecznego wśród gimnazjalistów z Lubelszczyzny
Autorzy:
Wójcik, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/700447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
social exclusion, inequalities, adolescents
Opis:
Danger of Social Exclusion among Secondary School Students from the Lublin VoivodeshipTh e author presents the results of the survey conducted among nearly 900 secondaryschool students in the spring of 2011. Respondents were randomly selected fromschools located in the Lublin voivodeship. Th e diagnosis of threat of social exclusionhas been made using original questionnaire. To assess the range of danger of socialexclusion, there were used the shares of respondents characterized by values of individualindicators that point to the unfavorable situation in each of the dimensions(structural, fi nancial, social, emotional, educational). Moreover, author checked theintensity of danger (shaped by the coexistence of positive values of exclusion indicators)and explored whether gender and type of residence are important determinants.Analysis of the collected data showed that in some areas of social exclusion,there are threats to life chances of young people.
Źródło:
Jagiellońskie Studia Socjologiczne; 2014, 4
000000
Pojawia się w:
Jagiellońskie Studia Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zbyt małych i zbyt dużych nierówności płac na wzrost gospodarczy
The Impact of Too Little and Too Big Earnings Inequalities on Economic Growth
Autorzy:
Kumor, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964232.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
earnings inequalities
economic growth
Opis:
In political economics coexist two thoughts of income (earnings) inequalities. First, motivating, which postulates bigger earnings inequalities and second, egalitarian, which postulates less earnings inequalities. In the earlier research we tried to reconcile these two thoughts. We confirmed the appearance of optimum, for economic growth, earnings inequalities (Gini index, 28%). From this perspective, both too little and too big earnings inequalities had equally a negative impact on growth. Now we’re putting one hypothesis that too little and too big inequalities cause different waste of economic effectiveness. On one hand, when inequalities are less than the optimum ones, their increase causes considerable economic growth. Then the whole of society accept the increase of earnings inequalities. On the other hand, when inequalities are too big, their downfall gives less economic profits. Demands of poor people to reduce too big disparities in earnings can be corrected by the necessity of using differential work and level of education. The research was conducted for Poland for period 1970–2006 on the economic growth model.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2010, 13, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for GA-convex functions
Autorzy:
Dragomir, Sever S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/747264.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Convex functions
integral inequalities
GA-convex functions
Hermite-Hadamard inequalities
Opis:
Some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for GA-convex functions defined on positive intervals are given. Refinements and weighted version of known inequalities are provided. Some applications for special means are also obtained.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica; 2018, 72, 1
0365-1029
2083-7402
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio A – Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Isoperimetric problem for uniform enlargement
Autorzy:
G. Bobkov, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1220147.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
isoperimetric inequalities
uniform enlargement
Opis:
We consider an isoperimetric problem for product measures with respect to the uniform enlargement of sets. As an example, we find (asymptotically) extremal sets for the infinite product of the exponential measure.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1997, 123, 1; 81-95
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social inequalities – theoretical considerations from an interdisciplinary perspective
Autorzy:
Kiniorska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
social inequalities
exclusion
poverty
Opis:
Contemporary considerations on social inequalities are more and more often of an interdisciplinary character. Particular interest in the above-mentioned issues becomes noticeable in sociological and economic sciences and is also gradually increasing in geographical disciplines. The aim of this study is to present the problem of social inequalities from an interdisciplinary perspective. The analysis highlights the contribution of research conducted by representatives of sociology, economics, and geography. The methods of classification and identification of factors shaping social inequalities were also discussed.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2021, 11, 3
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Not willing to or not able to? Teachers on their role in addressing social inequalities in education
Nie chcą czy nie mogą? Nauczyciele o swojej roli w redukowaniu społecznych nierówności edukacyjnych
Autorzy:
Zahorska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22307934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
teachers
school
educational inequalities
Opis:
Sociologists of education are often divided into those who are interested in ‘macro’ and those interested in ‘micro’ theories. This paper is an attempt to show how it is difficult to explain what is taking place in schools by concentrating only on the micro (school) level. Explanation should be sought in school system, educational politics, etc. My paper presents the initial conclusions of my research on educational inequalities, which is being conducted at primary and middle schools in several towns and villages in Poland. It is not an article on educational inequalities per se; the purpose of this paper is much more limited. The aim of the project is to present the opinions of teachers with regard to the possibilities of schools to reduce inequalities. The statements made by teachers of various classes and schools, located in both small and big towns, will be compared. The particular feature of this research lies in its methodology. We used qualitative and not quantitative methods, the latter of which are the most popular in analyzing educational inequalities. We were interested in the mechanisms involved in the categorization of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ students. Our study is based on the observation of selected classes, interviews (IDI) with teachers, school principals and school counsellors. We also talked with representatives of local governments, who were responsible for education, and representatives of social care institutions, but this paper focuses only on the interviews conducted in the schools.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica; 2014, 49; 129-146
0208-600X
2353-4850
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weighted inequalities for monotone and concave functions
Autorzy:
Heinig, Hans
Maligranda, Lech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388599.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
weighted integral inequalities
weighted Hardy inequalities
weighted Hardy inequalities for monotone functions
weighted Favard-Berwald inequality
reverse Hölder inequality
concave functions
Opis:
Characterizations of weight functions are given for which integral inequalities of monotone and concave functions are satisfied. The constants in these inequalities are sharp and in the case of concave functions, constitute weighted forms of Favard-Berwald inequalities on finite and infinite intervals. Related inequalities, some of Hardy type, are also given.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1995, 116, 2; 133-165
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osteoporosis: a social problem in the elderly population
Autorzy:
Kucharska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1197955.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-02-01
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
osteoporosis
elderly
fractures
social inequalities
Opis:
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to present a broader scope on osteoporosis – both as a medical problem and as a major social burden. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease, characterized by low bone mass, leading to increased bone fragility and fractures. It does not only lead to major medical expenses, lower health-related quality-of-life but also strains the population with significant social burden. As modern science is intensively exploring the problem of osteoporosis, new research articles expanding our knowledge on this disease come out weekly. This growing body of research calls for an up-to-date review of the existing state of knowledge on osteoporosis. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: This manuscript presents and overview on osteoporosis and associated problems such as fractures in the following order (1) Etiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis, (2) Osteoporosis risk factors, (3) Epidemiology of osteoporosis, (4) Aging of the Polish population, (5) Clinical consequences of osteoporosis, (6) Criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) for Caucasian women after menopause, (7) Morbidity and mortality associated with osteoporotic fractures, (8) Risk factors related to the collapse of the condition of osteoporotic patients, (9) Bone fragility and falls, (10) Recognizing osteoporosis, (11) Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, (12) Cost of treating fractures, (13) Fracture liaison service, (14) Senior care, (15) Purpose of modern geriatrics, (16) Social inequalities and osteoporosis. RESEARCH RESULTS: The two major determinants of risk in the development of osteoporosis are peak bone mass and rate of bone loss. These two determinants are influenced by a number of genetic (non-modifiable) and environmental (partly modifiable, and modifiable) factors. Osteoporosis is becoming increasingly prevalent with the aging of the world population. Worldwide, more than 200 million people are suffering from osteoporosis, and 1 in 2 women and 1 in 4 men over 50 will have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime. About 5% of falls result in fractures, half of which are proximal femur fractures. Out of all falls leading to fractures, 10‑25% result in injury or requirement of specialized medical care. Falls are one of the main causes of disability and the fifth most common cause of death in people over 75 years of age. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This review provides a concise overview om osteoporosis as a linked medical and social problem. It also identified a number of knowledge gaps necessary to fill in order to progress our knowledge on osteoporosis diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Understanding patients’ preferences and needs will allow to align them with appropriate service models which are likely to optimize patient outcomes.
Źródło:
Horyzonty Wychowania; 2017, 16, 40; 37-57
1643-9171
2391-9485
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Systems of variational inequalities related to economic equilibrium
Autorzy:
Naniewicz, Z.
Nockowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
optimization problem
variational inequalities
duality
Opis:
In the paper a new approach to the Walrasian general equilibrium model of economy is presented. The classical market clearing condition is replaced by suitably formulated variational inequality. It states that the market clears for a commodity if its equilibrium price is positive; otherwise, there may be an excess supply of the commodity in equilibrium and then its price is zero. Such approach enables establishing new existence results without assumptions which were fundamental for the currently used methods: (i) Dis-utility functions are not required to be strictly convex and they may attain their minima in the consumption sets (the local nonsatiation of preferences is not required). (ii) The boundary of the positive orthant is allowed for the price vector in equilibrium. It allows for investigation of certain new problems, e.g. bankruptcy conditions.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2007, 36, 4; 889-909
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura zatrudnienia a nierówności i zagrożenia społeczne w gospodarkach UE
Autorzy:
Cyrek, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
employment
sectoral structure
social inequalities
Opis:
Structural features of economies constitute disregarded aspects of relations between economic development and social issues. Economic research on inequalities are focused on connections between income disparities and economic growth. Independently, sectoral characteristics of economies are evaluated taking into account their influence on dynamics of growth. The existence of both mainstreams in research pays attention to interrelations: social inequalities and risks – sectoral structure. This is a field of discussion in the study. The aim of the paper is to verify the existence of relations between sectoral structure and social inequalities and risks. The analyses were conducted concerning EU economies, that, despite intensive integration process, are still differentiated by the level of socio-economic development. The starting hypothesis assumed positive influence of structural modernity on limiting social problems. The structure of economies was described by shares in employment of three sectors e.g. agriculture, industry and services as well as by shares in employment of the service sector sections (G-U NACE Rev. 2). Structural modernity was assessed using a model, which was adopted using Luxembourg as the most developed economy in the EU. Social issues were considered in their economic dimension. That is why they were described by the most commonly used indicators of income inequalities that are Gini coefficient and income quintile share ratio (S80/20) and by the rate of risk of poverty or social exclusion. Statistics in use were extracted from Eurostat database and cover the most up-to-date information accessible while preparing the paper that is 2011 year. The analyses were based on correlation indicators that were statistically verified at significance level of α = 0,05. Indicators that characterized total employment relationships in every economy were counted with the usage of Kukuła measure of structural differences. The results of research confirm the existence of interrelationships between structural characteristics of employment and income inequalities and social risks in the EU economies. First of all, they allow to conclude that a big scale of rural employment coexists with big income disparities and intensive problems of poverty and social exclusion. Meanwhile, a big share of employment in the service sector appears in economies with small scale of risks of poverty and exclusion. Moreover, simultaneous evaluation of total employment distribution between the three sectors shows essential relations with poverty. The EU economies which are characterized by more modern structures are experiencing less intensive social problems. The conducted analyses additionally indicate that each kind of activities realised within the service sector in a different way influences issues of income inequalities and poverty. Social problems are more intensive in economies with a big share of employment in retail and wholesale trade. In a contrary, low income disparities and social risks are present in economies with high share of employment in knowledge-intensive services (information and communication; professional, scientific and technical activities). Moreover, minimal social risks and inequalities are observed in economies with a big share of employment in human health and social work activities. General modernity of structure of employment in service sections coexists with small social problems.
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 2 (23); 49-63
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On new multiple extension of Hilbert’s integral inequality (2)
Autorzy:
Sulaiman, W.T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/745879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Inequalities
Hilbert inequality
Holder inequality
Opis:
Via Laplace transformation some new generalization of Hardy-Hilbert’s integral inequality is given.
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2007, 47, 1
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On new multiple extension of Hilbert’s integral inequality
Autorzy:
Sulaiman, Waadallah Tawfeeq
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/746566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
Inequalities
Hilbert inequality
Holder inequality
Opis:
This paper gives a new multiple extension of Hilbert’s integral inequality generalizing many known results.
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2006, 46, 2
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development Economics and the issues of poverty and social inequalities
Autorzy:
Piasecki, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
development economics
poverty
social inequalities
Opis:
Development economics emerged as a separate discipline of economic science in the 1950s but it wasn’t until the 1960s and mid-1970s that it began to draw serious attention. Gradually, an extensive literature concerning economic development was built up. In the 1980s it turned out, however, that despite some successes, the economic growth in most of medium and less developed countries was not as high as expected. During the 1980s and 1990s, the so-called Washington Consensus dominated the theory and practice of economic development. This notion covered the whole range of activities that were to lead the developing countries to improved welfare and prosperity. It included strict fiscal and monetary policies, deregulation, foreign trade and capital flow liberalisation, elimination of government subsidies, moderate taxation, liberalisation of interest rates, maintaining low inflation, etc. Based on the developmental experience of over past ten years, a new paradigm of development is emerging, the elements of which can be described as follows: (1) the basic economic environment should encourage the long-term investment in (2) the economy should have a high sensitivity to market stimuli (3) human capital must complement physical capital (4) due to the fast flow and absorption of information in the rapidly changing world, the key role is played by institutions and mechanisms that jointly respond to stimuli (5) wherever market failures occur, an intervention of the state should be market-friendly 6) social equality must be guaranteed if the economic development is to take place on a sustainable basis.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 6; 123-132
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomia rozwoju wobec problemów nędzy i nierówności społecznych na świecie
Development Economics and the Issues of Poverty and Social Inequalities
Autorzy:
Piasecki, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
development economics
poverty
social inequalities
Opis:
Development economics became a separate discipline in economic science in the 50s but only in the 60s and mid-70s can one note a bigger interest in those issues. Gradually, there has appeared an extensive literature concerning economic development. In the 80s it turned out, however, that despite some successes, the economic development of the majority of mid- and less developed countries was less satisfactory than expected. During most of the 80s and 90s the so-called Washington consensus dominated theory and practice of economic development. This notion covered the whole range of activities that were to lead the developing countries to greater welfare and prosperity. It included tough fiscal and monetary policy, deregulation, foreign trade and capital flow liberalisation, elimination of government subsidies, moderate taxation, liberalisation of interest rates, maintaining low inflation, etc. From the developmental experience of the past years, a new developmental paradigm is emerging, the elements of which can be described in the following way: • basic economic environment should support investments in the long term • economy should be very sensitive to market stimuli • human resources should complement physical capital • information quick flow and absorption in the fast changing world attribute the key role to the institutions and mechanisms which jointly react to the stimuli. • Wherever there are market imperfections, state intervention should be market friendly. • Social equality must be guaranteed if the economic development is supposed to last on a sustainable basis.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2008, 11, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówności dochodowe w gospodarce światowej w okresie pokryzysowym – wybrane aspekty ekonomiczne i społeczne
Income inequalities in selected countires of world economy in the post-crisis period – economic and social aspects
Autorzy:
Szczepaniak, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/593093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Kryzys
Nierówności
Economic crisis
Inequalities
Opis:
Chociaż badanie nierówności ekonomicznych znane jest w historii myśli ekonomicznej, to obecnie problematyka ta stała się ponownie niezwykle aktualna. Z jednej strony w aspekcie przyczyn i skutków kryzysu gospodarczego końca XXI w. powstaje pytanie czy rosnące nierówności były również jedną z przyczyn kryzysu, czy z drugiej strony to zjawiska kryzysowe powodują bardziej nierównomierny rozkład dochodów. Poza tym wątpliwości budzi rola redystrybucji w zmniejszaniu nierówności dochodowych. Głównym celem badawczym jest identyfikacja kierunków zmian w zakresie nierówności dochodowych w okresie pokryzysowym oraz zbadanie związku pomiędzy redystrybucją a poziomem nierówności w badanch krajach.
Although the study of economic inequalities is known in the history of economic thought, nowadays the problem has become extremely new. On the one hand, in the aspect of the causes and effects of the economic crisis of the 21st century, the question arises whether rising inequalities were also one of the causes of the crisis, or on the other hand, the crisis was the reason of a more unequal distribution of income. In addition, doubts are aroused by the role of redistribution in reducing national income. The article attempts to find answers to such research questions. The main research objective is to identify trends in changes in income inequality during the post-crisis period.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2018, 352; 247-257
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Inequalities on the Stability of the Global Society
Wpływ globalnych nierówności na stabilność społeczeństwa globalnego
Autorzy:
Dorenda-Zaborowicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
inequalities
globalisation
free market
capitalism
Opis:
The article analyses the impact of inequalities on the stability of the global society. The author asks questions concerning the reasons for global inequalities. The link between globalization and global inequalities is presented as well as the connections between the free market rules and the growing gap between the North and the South. Some solutions to the problem are also suggested.
Artykuł porusza zagadnienie wpływu, jaki wywierają globalne nierówności na stabilność społeczeństwa globalnego. Autorka stawia pytanie o przyczyny zaistnienia globalnych nierówności, przedstawia związek między globalizacją a istnieniem globalnych nierówności, a także związki między funkcjonowaniem reguł wolnego rynku a powiększającą się nierównością między Północą a Południem. Autorka sugeruje ponadto pewne rozwiązania problemu.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2011, 29; 60-72
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nierówności a religia. Wybrane wiersze Szczepana Kopyta w perspektywie postsekularnej
Inequality and Religion. Seclected Poems of Szczepan Kopyt from a Postsecular Perspective
Autorzy:
Pietryga, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-29
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
post-secular studies
engaged poetry
social inequalities
class inequalities
contemporary Polish poetry
Szczepan Kopyt
Opis:
This article aims to analyse the motives, language, and religious figures in the poems of Szczepan Kopyt which deal with the issues of social inequality, systemic violence, and the unequal distribution of goods. The author suggests/posits that post-secular rhetoric in modern engaged poetry aims to criticize the capitalist system based on economic differences and to consolidate social structures, exposing the principles according to which violence is legitimized within neoliberal capitalism. The author shows how the poet uses the language of religion to talk about class inequalities. The article discusses the most important rhetorical figures used in Szczepan Kopyt’s poems as well as characteristics of the language of the Bible or prayer forms, highlighting threads embedded in the religious imagination (such as the theme of salvation or the apocalypse), which – when recontextualized – constitute an important tool for criticizing systemic inequalities.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 17; 141-151
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weighted Hardy inequalities and Hardy transforms of weights
Autorzy:
Cerdà, Joan
Martín, Joaquim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1206120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Hardy's inequalities
Hardy transform
weights
Opis:
Many problems in analysis are described as weighted norm inequalities that have given rise to different classes of weights, such as $A_p$-weights of Muckenhoupt and $B_p$-weights of Ariño and Muckenhoupt. Our purpose is to show that different classes of weights are related by means of composition with classical transforms. A typical example is the family $M_p$ of weights w for which the Hardy transform is $L_p(w)$-bounded. A $B_p$-weight is precisely one for which its Hardy transform is in $M_p$, and also a weight whose indefinite integral is in $A_{p+1}$
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 2000, 139, 2; 189-196
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Continuity of real valued subquadratic functions
Autorzy:
Kominek, Zygfryd
Troczka-Pawelec, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/745360.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
subquadratic functions
semicontinuity
functional inequalities
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to prove a regularity theorem for real valued subquadratic mappings that are solutions of the inequality \[ \varphi (x + y) + \varphi(x - y) \leq 2\varphi(x) + 2\varphi(y),\quad x, y \in X, where \(X = (X, +)\) is a topological group.
Źródło:
Commentationes Mathematicae; 2011, 51, 1
0373-8299
Pojawia się w:
Commentationes Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Социально-педагогические эффекты дистанционной формы обучения на процесс приобщающего образования детей в неравноценном положении
Socio-pedagogical effects of the distance form of education on the process of inclusive education of disadvantaged children
Autorzy:
Racheva, Daniela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
poverty
disadvantage
inequalities
inclusive education
Opis:
The article discusses some of the main effects of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic on the inclusion of disadvantaged children.
Źródło:
Student Niepełnosprawny. Szkice i rozprawy; 2021, 21, 14; 81-88
1689-6416
Pojawia się w:
Student Niepełnosprawny. Szkice i rozprawy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health inequalities among students of lower secondary schools in Bytom, Poland
Autorzy:
Wypych-Ślusarska, A.
Czech, E.
Kasznia-Kocot, J.
Słowiński, J.
Niewiadomska, E.
Skrzypek, M.
Malinowska-Borowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
ealth inequalities
socio-economic status
teenagers
Opis:
Introduction and objective. Poverty and low level of education pose the biggest threats to public health. Moreover, they generate inequalities in public healthThe aim of the study was to check if there are any inequalities in health among teenagers living in Bytom, Poland. Materials and method. In 2011 and 2012, an epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,099 students from lower secondary schools from Bytom. The students completed a questionnaire which was based on an earlier Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC). Socio-Economic Status of teenagers (SES) was determined according to the Family Affluence Scale (FAS), the intensity of possible problems in the place of residence and on parents’ education. Impact of SES on health self-assessment, asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis with addition to spinal deformities were also investigated. Results. A good or very good level of health was declared by students from families representing a high level of FAS and residing in a more peaceful, less troubled neighbourhood. The highest level of asthma prevalence (10.9%) occurred among students from families with a low level of FAS. The students from families with high FAS were less affected by spinal deformities (34.6%). Students living in a troubled neighbourhood more often suffered from bronchial asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis and spinal deformities. Conclusions. The level of family affluence depends on the parents’ education and all the analysed health problems occurred more frequently in children whose parents had completed at least general secondary education. A high economic standard of living and a peaceful neighbourhood determined good or very good health self-assessment among the surveyed students.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 1; 4-8
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes of distributions of personal incomes in US from 1998 to 2011
Autorzy:
Łukasiewicz, Piotr
Karpio, Krzysztof
Orłowski, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
income distribution
personal income
income inequalities
Opis:
In this paper the results of studies of personal incomes changes are presented for years 1998 to 2011. The studies were based on the micro-data regarding families and households. Among others it was showed that concentration of individual incomes dropped during the period of 1998 to 2011. The opposite trends of changes of income inequalities for households and individuals were observed.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2012, 13, 2; 96-106
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE USE OF CSISZÁRS DIVERGENCE TO ASSESS DISSIMILARITIES OF INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS OF EU COUNTRIES
Autorzy:
Oczki, Jarosław
Wędrowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453453.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
income inequalities
income distribution
Csiszár's divergence
Opis:
Income distributions can be described by measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness, kurtosis or by indexes of polarization. In numerous studies, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve have been used to investigate inequality of incomes. Income distributions can also be analysed in comparison to one another. In the article two measures belonging to Csiszár's divergence class have been used to identify the degree of differentiation of income distributions among the EU countries in 2005 and 2012. Similar and dissimilar countries with respect to distribution of income have been identified and the change of divergence of EU countries income distributions between 2005 and 2012 has been assessed. European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) dataset has been used.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2014, 15, 2; 167-176
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State and Democracy in India
Autorzy:
Mehta, Pratap B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929950.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-07-09
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
state
democracy
legitimacy
India
social inequalities
Opis:
This paper examines the relationship between state and democracy in India. It probes the paradox that representative government is not always responsive government. There is a persistant gap between the practices of popular authorisation and the production of legitimacy. It examines this gap from two different directions. On the one hand, it looks at the the myriad mechanisms by which the strucutre of the state impedes democracy. On the other hand it looks at how inherited social inequality produces forms of politics that make the production of shared legitimacy difficult.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2012, 178, 2; 203-226
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Convergence results for unbounded solutions of first order non-linear differential-functional equations
Autorzy:
Leszczyński, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1311094.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
error estimates
recurrence inequalities
difference scheme
Opis:
We consider the Cauchy problem in an unbounded region for equations of the type either $D_{t}z(t,x) = f(t,x,z(t,x),z_{(t,x)},D_{x}z(t,x))$ or $D_{t}z(t,x)= f(t,x,z(t,x),z,D_{x}z(t,x))$. We prove convergence of their difference analogues by means of recurrence inequalities in some wide classes of unbounded functions.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 1996, 64, 1; 1-16
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of the first global financial crisis in the 20th century on the Hungarian regional employment inequalities
Autorzy:
Dabasi Halàsz, Zsusanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639690.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
labour market
financial crisis
employment inequalities
Opis:
The crisis is a sign that current driving forces of development are wearing out, and the former mentality can no longer be successful either. The crisis highlights that new driving forces should be found and different mentality is necessary to build an acceptable future for the major part of the society. Although the crisis itself is a negative process, it incorporates the possibility of future recovery and the hope of a new beginning. The lack of changes facilitating social renewal has caused major damages recently because the outdated thinking and the lack of appropriate regulatory instruments damage nature and the base necessary for our life [Nováky, 2011]. The researcher’s responsibilities are not only to determine the facts and relationships, but to seek for constructive solutions, and to help apply it by the economic policy. This is not necessarily a political attitude, even though it is indisputable that the economic analysis of public policy includes the use of substantive – normative and positive – theories, but on the other hand, it requires a specific theory-building strategy [Csontos, 1997]. The study reviews the causes of regional labour market disparities looking back to the time of regime change, and analyse the effect of the 2008 financial crisis on regional employment.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne; 2011, 4(16); 119-132
2084-3968
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Źródła nierówności społecznych
Sources of Social Inequalities
Autorzy:
Czerny, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/547853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
nierówności społeczne
aksjologia
social inequalities
axiology
Opis:
Autor podejmuje w artykule dyskusję wokół źródeł – praprzyczyn – nierówności społecz-nych. Znajomość takiego źródła jest o tyle ważna, że może zaistniałaby szansa jego minimalizacji, a jeszcze lepiej eliminacji z życia społecznego. Bo przecież nie chodzi jedynie o sam opis zjawi-ska, co o zapobieżenie jego ekspansji we współczesnym świecie. W artykule tym głosi się tezę, wedle której nierówności społeczne istniały zawsze odkąd ist-niał człowiek. To nie nierówności stanowią problem sam w sobie, ale „kontrasty aksjologiczne”. Zjawiska kontrastu aksjologicznego występują tylko w ludzkim gatunku i nigdzie więcej, nasilają się we współczesnym świecie. Zdaniem autora są dwa źródła wywołujące zjawisko nierówności społecznych, a miano-wicie: biologiczny egoizm oraz posiadanie świadomości. Egoizm ma podłoże instynktu i w tym zakresie nie różnimy się od świata zwierząt. Różnice wywołuje fakt posiadania świado-mości. Świadomość, czyli kontrolowany proces myślowy wytycza nam „dyrektywy” postępo-wania. Psychika człowieka dzięki świadomości (sferze fronesis) skłania człowieka do maksymalizacji bogactwa, gdyż wówczas minimalizuje on w ten sposób trudy życia (przynajmniej w sferze materialnej). Dlatego bardzo słusznie zauważa Józef Bańka, że człowiek w przeci-wieństwie do zwierząt nie ma granic nasycenia wartościami. Zatem głównym źródłem chęci bogacenia się jest ludzka psychika.
The author in the paper undertakes a discussion about sources – great-causes of social ine-qualities. Knowledge about such a source is important as there could exist a chance for its mini-mizing and even better for its eliminating from social life. The issue is not simply to describe a phenomenon but to prevent its expansion in a modern world. The paper professes a thesis that social inequalities have always been present since a man ex-isted. That are not the inequalities what constitute a problem but “axiological contrasts”. Phenom-ena of axiological contrast exist only within human species and nowhere else, they strengthen in a modern world. According to the author two sources inducing phenomenon of social inequalities exist, that are: biological egotism and possessing consciousness. Egotism has its instinct basis and in this dimension we are not different from animal world. Differences are caused by a fact of possessing consciousness. Consciousness, that is a controlled process of thinking marks “directives” of behav-ior out. Human psychics because of consciousness (a fronesis sphere) induces humans to maxim-ize welfare, as then they minimize difficulties of life (at least in a material sphere). Therefore Józef Bańka correctly writes that a man, contrary to animals, does not have limits of values saturation. Thus, a main source of willingness to getting rich is a human psyche.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2014, 39; 19-25
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania migracji międzywojewódzkich w Polsce
Economic Factors Behind Interregional Migration in Poland
Autorzy:
Roszkowska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-04-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
migration
gravity model
regional inequalities
development
Opis:
The article examines the economic determinants of interregional migrations in Poland in 1995-2006. The author describes selected theoretical issues linked with the process and analyzes the influence of economic factors on interregional migration flows. Roszkowska evaluates the influence of selected macroeconomic variables on interregional migration flows using gravity models and data such as GDP per capita, labor productivity, unemployment, and the level of urbanization in individual provinces in Poland in 1995-2006. The analysis enabled the author to identify the most popular destinations for migration. These are chiefly provinces with a relatively well-developed infrastructure, a modern labor force structure by sector, and high economic development indicators. Outlying and poor provinces are the least popular destinations as far as migration is concerned, Roszkowska says. She concludes that the economic development of individual provinces-measured with indicators such as GDP per capita, the situation on regional labor markets, including differences in pay and unemployment rates, and the size of urban centers-has a statistically significant impact on interregional migration flows in Poland.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2009, 231, 4; 55-74
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interior proximal method for variational inequalities on non-polyhedral sets
Autorzy:
Kaplan, Alexander
Tichatschke, Rainer
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/729433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
variational inequalities
Bregman function
proximal algorithm
Opis:
Interior proximal methods for variational inequalities are, in fact, designed to handle problems on polyhedral convex sets or balls, only. Using a slightly modified concept of Bregman functions, we suggest an interior proximal method for solving variational inequalities (with maximal monotone operators) on convex, in general non-polyhedral sets, including in particular the case in which the set is described by a system of linear as well as strictly convex constraints. The convergence analysis of the method studied admits the use of the -enlargement of the operator and an inexact solution of the subproblems.
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization; 2007, 27, 1; 71-93
1509-9407
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae, Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyzwania edukacyjne w kontekście narastających nierówności społecznych
Autorzy:
Mariola, Badowska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/892429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
social inequalities
poverty
sustainable development
education
Opis:
The problem of modern society is that it does not integrate its members into functional systems as a collectivity of individuals with a sense of community and interdependence, but makes them a group of consumers who want to achieve success on their own and for their own benefits. However, not everyone is able to achieve the desired goal. As a result, we have social inequalities that significantly affect relationships and social processes. For many years, economists and sociologists have pointed to the fact that economic success does not necessarily translate into welfare (or quality of life) of societies. They even talk about the “breakdown of society” phenomenon, i.e., an increase in antisocial behaviour and a loss of a sense of community. In the current social reality, we can identify many examples of the fact that their fears are justified. All this makes the need for educational measures to stop or even reverse these phenomena threatening social cohesion seem reasonable.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny; 2018, 63(3 (249)); 138-149
0023-5938
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The BRIICs and inequality: income inequality trends in major emerging markets and their implications
Nierówności w krajach BRIIC: trendy w nierównościach dochodowych na głównych rynkach wschodzących i ich konsekwencje
Autorzy:
Fabisiak, Jan
Prokurat, Sergiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/548970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
income inequalities
BRIIC countries
economic growth
Opis:
Artykuł bada trendy kształtowania się nierówności dochodowych w krajach BRIIC. Pierwsza część opisuje ewolucję pojmowania nierówności dochodowych, przechodząc do ich klasyfikacji, metod pomiaru i wpływu na wzrost gospodarczy. Kolejna część definiuje kraje BRIIC, ich cechy wspólne, ich przyszłe perspektywy w globalnym układzie sił, oraz, co najważniejsze z punktu widzenia tego artykułu, zmiany w ich nierównościach dochodowych. Ostatnia część podsumowuje debatę, przeprowadzając porównania między poszczególnymi krajami.
This paper seeks to study the trends in income inequalities in the BRIIC countries. The first section of this paper investigates the evolution of the understanding of income inequalities, moving on to their classification, measurement and proposed impact on growth. The following section examines the nature of the BRIIC countries, their commonalities, future perspectives on the world stage and, most importantly to this paper, their income inequality dynamics. The last section concludes with a cross-country comparison
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2012, 26; 122-135
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measuring and Explaining Income Inequalities in Poland: an Estimation of Lorenz Curves using Hazard Function Approach
Autorzy:
Landmesser, J.
Orłowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029578.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
income inequalities
hazard function
Lorenz curve
Opis:
In this study we compare the income distributions for men and women in Poland in 2014. To examine the differences in the entire range of income values we utilize the hazard function approach. A flexible hazard-function based estimator in the presence of covariates (education, age, etc.) is used to construct conditional density and cumulative distribution functions. Then, we decompose the differences between two distributions using the counterfactual distribution. We estimate also the Lorenz curves for incomes and decompose the differences between the values of the Gini coefficients.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1445-1449
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Learning global solidarity in the Covid-19 pandemic?
Autorzy:
Rehmann-Sutter, Christoph
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22792596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny
Tematy:
Complexity
Trust
Inequalities
Covid-19
Judgement
Opis:
In a letter published on March 30, 2021, 24 world leaders have called for global solidarity in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. This commitment to act in solidarity with low-income countries however was won under duress, and it was in part at least self-serving. Can this still be called solidarity? On the basis of a functional view on solidarity the paper argues that states can indeed act in solidarity, if they accept costs to assist others with whom they recognize similarity in a relevant respect. States can act in solidarity, or they can fail to act in solidarity, also in situations of duress and if solidary acts also serve their own interests. The paper concludes that if this is true for the Covid-19 pandemic it is also true for the climate crisis, where damage of even much bigger dimensions are to be prevented. Also in regard to anthropogenic global heating, nobody is safe until everyone is safe.
Źródło:
Władza sądzenia; 2021, 21; 9-14
2300-1690
Pojawia się w:
Władza sądzenia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of Women’s Situation in the Labour Market in the Former GDR and Poland
Autorzy:
Witkowska, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/974066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
labour market
economy in transition
gender inequalities
Opis:
Twenty-five years have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the beginning of transition in the former socialist countries. The aim of this research is to find out how women in East Germany and Poland, which followed completely different transformation patterns, have been affected by the introduction of market reforms. As a result of the investigation we found that the situation of women in both countries has been changed after the collapse of the communist system in Europe. However, women in former German Democratic Republic, following a significant decrease in their participation in the labour market in the early transition period, went on to become even more active than their counterparts in the Western lands. At the same time, in Poland the economic activity rate of women is lower than was observed before the transformation.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2016, 19, 2; 129-148
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pan Miyagi i transformacja szkolnictwa wyższego
Autorzy:
Antonowicz, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-08-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Ryszard Borowicz
higher education
transformation
educational inequalities
Opis:
The article is devoted to Professor Ryszard Borowicz, his research and critical analysis of the changes taking place in the Polish higher education. Ryszard Borowicz was their researcher, witness and participant, as well as, in many aspects, also their co-author, fulfilling many political, management and social functions in that period. The article aims to analyze the transformation of the Polish higher education from the point of view of Borowicz’s critical position, whose research interests were centred on revealing hidden forms of inequality in access to education. The analysis presented in this article is concentrated on the three most import_ant processes: (a) massification of higher education, (b) marketisation of higher education and (c) demographic decline as the most import_ant factors influencing the availability and quality of the education offered by the Polish higher education institutions. The text contains references to a large number of disputes and debates that I had with Professor Ryszard Borowicz throughout the past decade, for which unfortunately I did not manage to thank him.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2014, 4(104); 315-331
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
h-Preinvex fuzzy processes
Autorzy:
Matłoka, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
h-preinvex fuzzy process
Hadamard’s inequalities
Opis:
We introduce the notion of ℎ -preinvex fuzzy processes. We study their properties and give some inequalities of Hadamard-type for h-convex fuzzy processes.
Źródło:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny; 2016, 14 (20); 27-40
1644-6739
Pojawia się w:
Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Social Consequences of Income Distribution-Are Increasing Company Profits a Threat to Economic and Social Stability?
Autorzy:
Tomkiewicz, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-20
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
corporate profit
socio-economic equilibrium
income inequalities
Opis:
The aim of this text is to show that unusually high levels of company profit should not be treated as a sign of a healthy economic situation but rather of a growing socio-economic imbalance. Huge profits are caused by the structure of many global markets-multinational companies often dominate markets and depress local competitors. The decline in household revenues and public budgets has led to ever larger public and private debts. At the same time, economic policy, which is determined by current politics, has contributed to a growth in income inequalities and social imbalances. The tax system has become ever less progressive and the structure of the financial market has become highly procyclical. The data analyzed in this text comes mainly from advanced economies, but it is clear that income distribution is one of the most important challenges facing the entire global economy.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2017, 198, 2; 203-218
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zygmunt Bauman’s Ethical Warnings in the Area of Economics. The Third Millennium’s Perspective
Autorzy:
Matera, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Zygmunt Bauman
consumptionism
inequalities
crisis
happiness
globalization
Opis:
Zygmunt Bauman is not only a sociologist and philosopher reputable in the world of science, he is also a father figure for people interested in the phenomenon of globalization. Bauman investigates how current economic and political changes influence the lives of particular societies. It was important to underline that also economists can make use of Bauman’s ideas but with a few reservations That is why the following crucial areas were proposed relating to economic aspects: the meaning of consumptionism and wastage; global inequalities; the reasons and consequences of the global economic crisis, and some heterodox matters such as happiness, welfare, and well-being, all of which can be helpful in understanding the multidimensional globalization process.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2014, 17, 4
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is there a growing social acceptance of earnings inequalities in Poland?
Autorzy:
Kumor, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
social acceptance
earnings
inequalities
econometric model
Polska
Opis:
In our studies, we deal with the estimating of the optimal ranges of earnings – the optimal Gini indexes which are favourable to the maximisation of GDP growth in Poland. We suspect that the optimal Gini coefficients expressing the whole of society’s acceptance of earnings inequalities can increase. In the article, we formulated a hypothesis on society’s habituation to increasing earnings disparities. We verified the hypothesis on the basis of the model of economic growth using data from 1970 to 2007. We carried out econometric studies in two stages. In the first stage, we estimated the optimal Gini coefficients for short subsequent sub-periods. In the second stage, we studied the character of changes in the optimal Gini coefficients. In the studies, we proved the hypothesis on society’s habituation to increasing earnings disparities. The optimal Gini coefficients increase along with the increase of differences in earnings and the increase of the economic level per capita. The growth of the optimal Gini coefficients may be slowed down.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2018, 21, 8; 79-88
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Political Aspects of Reproduction of Inequalities in the Republic of South Africa
Polityczne aspekty procesu reprodukcji nierówności w Republice Południowej Afryki
Autorzy:
Polus, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878290.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Republic of South Africa
inequalities
RPA
nierówności
Opis:
The Republic of South Africa has been recently recognized as the world’s “most unequal state in terms of wealth and income distribution”. The Gini coefficient for wealth distribution in South Africa stands at 0.96%, which perfectly reflects the total coefficient of wealth distribution across the globe. The purpose of the article is to answer the question of how inequalities inherited from the apartheid period were even further aggravated after 1994.
RPA zostało w ostatnich latach uznane za „najbardziej nierówne pod względem dystrybucji bogactwa i dochodów” państwo świata. Współczynnik Giniego dla dystrybucji bogactwa wynosi tam 0,96%, co idealnie odzwierciedla nierówności w skali całego globu. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, w jaki sposób nierówności odziedziczone z okresu apartheidu były pogłębiane po 1994 roku.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2020, 32 (39); 9-26
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryzys klimatyczny, katastrofy naturalne, kobiety
Climat crisis, natural disasters, women
Autorzy:
Sopolińska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388085.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Fundacja PSC
Tematy:
climate change
women
vulnerability
natural disasters
inequalities
Opis:
Climate change affects all people, regardless of their place of residence, class, skin color or gender. However, some communities are more vulnerable than others to the effects of the climate catastrophe. These groups are often marginalized, discriminated against and underrepresented. Women constitute one such social group. The article shows that they are disproportionately affected by one of the consequences of climate change, which is the more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events that can lead to natural disasters like floods or hurricanes. The purpose of the article is to show that women’s unequal economic status, as well as some cultural norms in certain regions of the world, increase women’s mortality during natural disasters.
Źródło:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne; 2023, 2(14); 125-133
2719-9851
Pojawia się w:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Moralny wymiar nierówności społecznych
Moral Dimension of Social Inequalities
Autorzy:
Czerny, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/547545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
nierówności społeczne
dystrybucja dóbr rynkowych
moralny wymiar nierówności
Social Inequalities
distribution of market goods
moral dimension of inequalities
Opis:
Autor poddaje pod dyskusję moralny aspekt takich zjawisk społecznych, jak bieda, ubóstwo oraz bogactwo. Zauważa, że między cywilizacją techniczną a bytem ludzkim obserwuje się coraz większe kontrasty i dysonanse. O ile bowiem w dziedzinie techniki i technologii światowej obser-wujemy ustawiczny postęp, o tyle w sferze zjawisk społecznych (jak np. bieda i ubóstwo) ludzkość przejawia pewną bezradność. Stwierdza, że najsłabszym ogniwem współczesnego świata pozostaje dystrybucja dóbr rynkowych oparta na ludzkich zasadach moralnych. Wskazane jest, aby podział dóbr cywilizacyjnych przebiegał bardziej sprawiedliwie niż obecnie. W tym kontek-ście słowo „sprawiedliwie” nie znaczy równo, ale godziwie.
The Author discusses a moral aspect of such social phenomena as poverty and wealth. He argues that more and more contrasts and dissonances are observed between technical civilization and human existence. Simultaneously with continual progress in a field of the world technique and technology, in a sphere of social phenomena (as poverty) humanity seems to be helpless. The Author maintains that a distribution of market goods basing on human moral rules constitutes the weakest link of the modern world. It would be as well to divide the goods of civilization in more justified way than currently. In this context a word “justified” does not mean evenly but fairly.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2013, 34; 54-62
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic Growth, Inequalities and Poverty in Slovakia from 2005 to 2015 (the Analysis of Relations and Contexts at a Regional Level)
Autorzy:
Michálek, Anton
Výbošťok, Ján
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
growth
inequalities
income distribution
poverty
Bourguignon model
Opis:
Poverty rate is influenced by numerous factors. The determining ones are economic growth and the distribution of its effects. This article is therefore focused on the analysis of these effects and their relationship, as well as their influence on poverty at a regional level (NUTS 3, ‘kraj’). For the analysis of interactions between growth and distribution in correlation to poverty reduction, the Bourguignon model (the Poverty-Growth-Inequality triangle) and the growth incidence curve (GIC) were used. It was found that economic growth positively influences income inequalities as well as decreases the share of population under the poverty threshold in all regions. However, the development differs across regions. Based on the development and tendencies of the gross domestic product (GDP), income distribution and poverty it is obvious that economically strong regions (or their populations) dealt better with poverty during the crisis period.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2018, 25, 1; 55-74
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The economics of disability and the discourse of eliminating inequalities and providing equal opportunities
Autorzy:
WLAZŁO, MARCIN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/938541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
economics of disability
inequalities
equalization of opportunities
Opis:
Disability results in certain economic consequences, which are analysed mainly because of the generation of cost. The economic situation of people with disabilities and their families is usually associated with negative effects of neoliberalism, or causing and strengthening social inequality and excluding people unattractive on the market. In this context, the relationship between technological progress, economic growth and diagnostic and therapeutic services are also analysed. The article presents various aspects of the economic discourse focused on disability. The analysis is based on examples that consolidate the traditional image of disability as a factor affecting low economic status, through a description of the market of services and goods for people with disabilities, to examples of economic success achieved by people with disabilities.
Źródło:
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2019, 25; 33-53
2300-391X
Pojawia się w:
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weak type (1,1) multipliers on LCA groups
Autorzy:
Raposo, José A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1220262.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
weak type multipliers
maximal operators
vector inequalities
Opis:
In [ABB] Asmar, Berkson and Bourgain prove that for a sequence ${ϕ_j}^∞_{j=1} $ of weak type (1, 1) multipliers in $ℝ^n$ and a function $k ∈ L^1(ℝ^n)$ the weak type (1,1) constant of the maximal operator associated with ${k⁎ϕ_j}_j$ is controlled by that of the maximal operator associated with ${ϕ_j}_j$. In [ABG] this theorem is extended to LCA groups with an extra hypothesis: the multipliers must be continuous. In this paper we prove a more general version of this last result without assuming the continuity of the multipliers. The proof arises after simplifying the one in [ABB] which becomes then extensible to LCA groups.
Źródło:
Studia Mathematica; 1997, 122, 2; 123-130
0039-3223
Pojawia się w:
Studia Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-50 z 401

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