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Tytuł:
Analiza rynku spotkań biznesowych w 2011 roku odbywających się poza obszarem aktywności Convention Bureaux w Polsce
Analysis of the Market for Business Conventions in 2011 Taking Place Beyond the Area of Activity of Convention Bureaux in Poland
Autorzy:
Celuch, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/509391.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
przemysł spotkań
Convention Bureaux
konferencje
convention industry
convention bureaux
conferences
Opis:
Convention Bureaux to wyspecjalizowane organizacje zajmujące się rozwojem, promocją i marketingiem turystyki biznesowej w państwie, regionie lub mieście. W Polsce coraz więcej miejscowości aspiruje do miana centrów biznesowych. W artykule przedstawiono informacje o zorganizowanych spotkaniach biznesowych w wybranych województwach Polski w 2011 roku. Charakterystyka ilościowo-jakościowa ukazuje możliwości, które stawia przemysł spotkań w ramach współpracy regionalnej i lokalnej dającej możliwość realizacji celów i zadań polityki turystycznej.
Convention bureaux are specialised organisations dealing with development, promotion and marketing of business tourism in the state, region or town. In Poland, more and more localities aspire to the name of business centres. In his article, the author presented information on the organised business conventions in the selected provinces of Poland in 2011. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics show the opportunities posed by the convention industry within the framework of regional and local cooperation providing an opportunity to meet the tourist policy’s objectives and tasks.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula; 2013, 32/2013 Ekonomia III; 39-47
2353-2688
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Security Council and the Obligation to Prevent Genocide and War Crimes
Autorzy:
Zimmermann, Andreas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Security Council
Geneva Convention
Genocide Convention
genocide
war crime
Opis:
This article addresses the question of the obligations of both the Security Council as such, as well of its individual members (including the five permanent members), when faced with genocide or in situations where violations of the Geneva Conventions are being committed, given that the contracting parties of the Genocide Convention are under a positive obligation to prevent genocide and are under an obligation to secure respect for the provisions of the Geneva Conventions.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2012, 32; 307-314
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The continental shelf in the law of the sea conventions of 1958 and 1982 and the principal of natural prolongation
Autorzy:
Wasilewski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920339.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Instytut Morski w Gdańsku
Tematy:
continental shelf
Geneva Convention
Opis:
The subject of the paper is the evolution of the concept of the continental shelf in international law, shown in the context of natural prolongation of the land territory of a coastal state co-creating this concept. The starting point for the analysis are the determinations of such specialised disciplines of science as: geography, oceanography and geology, and in consequence a possibly accurate topographic description of the sea and ocean floor, determination of the most important physiographic zones and of their characteristic features. This, only formally distinguished, but treated as one whole for meritoric and structural reasons three-element sequence, formed in the order: continental shelf in geographic/physical approach - continental slope -foot of continental slope, forms a common topographic feature called the continental margin. However, the reconstruction of the continental shelf concept in international law is not limited only to the description and characteristic of the continental margin in the horizontal plane. Appropriately to the needs of the paper, and to the extent the competence of the Author allowed, the margin is also described in the vertical dimension, i.e. going deeper into the essence of the natural factor, contained basically in the geomorphologic and geologic structure of the main physiographic provinces forming the continental margin. Such a view of the above problem allowed to obtain knowledge of motivations and of various arguments forming the essence and reach of the external limit of the continental shelf in the Geneva Convention on the continental shelf of I958, called further in text the GC IV ( I958). However, most important was to show and prove the thesis that it was the natural factor that dictated and shaped stipulations in international law with respect to the discussed subject, and that this factor played an extremely important role in the evolution and development of the continental shelf concept during the period after CG IV ( I958) was adopted. The principle, contained in the ITJ ruling on the continental shelf of the North Sea that the continental shelf is a natural prolongation of the territory of a coastal state, the natural prolongation principle, was well substantiated by the geomorphology and geophysical characteristics of the continental margin. This principle was also of primary importance for the shaping of the concept of the continental shelf and of its external boundary in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, called below UNCLOS (1982).
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku; 1998, 25, 2; 15-32
1230-7424
2450-5536
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Historical Situations” in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
Autorzy:
Kaminski, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
EUROPEAN CONVENTION
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
THE CONVENTION
THE COURT
Opis:
This Article investigates how the European Court of Human Rights becomes competent to make decisions in cases concerning (or taking roots in) 'historical situations' preceding the ratification of the European Convention by a given Member State or even the enactment of the Convention. 'Historical situations' refer to events that occurred in the period of Second World War or shortly thereafter. In all such cases, the preliminary question arises whether the Court is competent temporally (ratione temporis) to deal with the application. This group of cases concerned usually allegations touching upon the right to life and the right to property. The Court had to decide if the allegation in question related to a temporally closed event (making the Court not competent) or rather to a continuous violation (where the Court could adjudicate). A specific set of legal questions arose vis-a-vis the right to life, first of all that of the autonomy of the procedural obligation to conduct an efficient investigation. The Strasbourg case law did not provide a clear answer. However, following two crucial judgements rendered by the Grand Chamber, the Court has established an interesting legal framework. Article analyses also two other situations having a historical dimension: bringing to justice those accused of war crimes or other crimes under international law (in light of the alleged conflict with the principle of nullum crimes sine lege) and pursuing authors of pro-Nazi statements or speech denying the reality of Nazi atrocities.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2010, 30; 9-60
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt K 47/12
The case concerning the application of the Human Rights Defender of 8 April 2013 (Ref. No. K 47/12), on the Railroad Transport Act
Autorzy:
Lis-Staranowicz, Dorota
Laskowska, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12714580.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Convention
disabled
Constitutional Tribunal
Opis:
The application concerns Article 3a of the Act of 28 March 2003 on Railroad Transport, exempting the application of certain provisions of Regulation (EC) No 1371/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on rail passengers’ rights and obligations, to urban, suburban and regional rail passenger transport. In the view of the Human Rights Defender, the above said article – insofar as it indefinitely excludes the application of Article 21 para. 1 of the Regulation – is incompatible with Article 2 in conjunction with Article 69 of the Constitution and Article 9 para. 1(c) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, signed in New York on 13 December 2006. Despite these arguments, the Sejm decided in this case that the contended regulation is consistent with the relevant provisions of the Constitution.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2013, 4(40); 294-312
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International antiterrorist conventions concerning the safety of air transport
Międzynarodowe konwencje antyterrorystyczne dotyczące bezpieczeństwa transportu lotniczego
Autorzy:
Barcik, J.
Czech, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
transport lotniczy
bezpieczeństwo transportu lotniczego
konwencje antyterrorystyczne
Konwencja Chicagowska
Konwencja Tokijska
Konwencja Haska
Konwencja Montrealska
air transport
safety in air transport
antiterroristic conventions
Chicago Convention
Tokyo Convention
Hague Convention
Montreal Convention
Opis:
In this article the international law regulations are presented concerning the civilian safety of the air transport. The history concerning air terrorism and international antiterrorist conventions was described in detail, involving The Chicago Convention, The Tokyo Convention, The Hague Convention and Montreal Convention.
W artykule przedstawiono międzynarodowe regulacje prawne związane z bezpieczeństwem cywilnym transportu lotniczego. Szczegółowo opisano historię dotyczącą terroryzmu lotniczego oraz międzynarodowych konwencji antyterrorystycznych, tj. Konwencji Chicagowskiej, Konwencji Tokijskiej, Konwencji Haskiej oraz Konwencji Montrealskiej.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2008, 3, 1; 51-56
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt K 1/13
Sejm’s draft position on the case ref. no. K 1/13 (BAS‑WPTK 154/13)
Autorzy:
Pawłowski, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Convention
Constitutional Tribunal
trade union
Opis:
The author, examining firstly the motion of the All Poland Alliance of Trade Unions, is in doubt on whether it is admissible to initiate abstract review of constitutionality of a norms by a trade union in the event that the application does not relate to the interests of its current members. Based on arguments given by the organs of the International Labour Organizations concerning the interpretation of the notion of worker wider than that contained in the Labour Code, the author claims that Article 2 of the Trade Union Act, within the scope specified in the application, is incompatible with Article 2 of Convention No. 87 ILO. Additionally, he points out that since the Convention No. 87 excludes from its scope only the armed forces and the police, then more far‑reaching limitations under the abovementioned Act are inconsistent with Article 59 para. 1 of the Constitution. Consequently, Article 2 of the Trade Union Act is also incompatible with Article 59 para. 1 of the Constitution and Article 12 which is functionally linked to it.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 1(41); 379-404
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jak ludobójstwo zostało uznane za zbrodnię − dziedzictwo Rafała Lemkina
How genocide became a crime: legacy of Raphael Lemkin
Autorzy:
MCFARLAND, SAM
HAMER, KATARZYNA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
genocide
Genocide Convention
Lemkin
Holocaust
Opis:
Raphael Lemkin is hardly known to a Polish audiences. One of the most honored Poles of the XX century, forever revered in the history of human rights, nominated six times for the Nobel Peace Prize, Lemkin sacrificed his entire life to make a real change in the world: the creation of the term “genocide” and making it a crime under international law. How long was his struggle to establish what we now take as obvious, what we now take for granted? This paper offers his short biography, showing his long road from realizing that the killing one person was considered a murder but that under international law in 1930s the killing a million was not. Through coining the term “genocide” in 1944, he helped make genocide a criminal charge at the Nuremburg war crimes trials of Nazi leaders in late 1945, although there the crime of genocide did not cover killing whole tribes when committed on inhabitants of the same country nor when not during war. He next lobbied the new United Nations to adopt a resolution that genocide is a crime under international law, which it adopted on 11 December, 1946. Although not a U.N. delegate – he was “Totally Unofficial,” the title of his autobiography – Lemkin then led the U.N. in creating the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted 9 December, 1948. Until his death in 1958, Lemkin lobbied tirelessly to get other U.N. states to ratify the Convention. His legacy is that, as of 2015, 147 U.N. states have done so, 46 still on hold. His tomb inscription reads simply, “Dr. Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), Father of the Genocide Convention”. Without him the world as we know it, would not be possible.
Źródło:
Civitas et Lex; 2016, 2(10); 69-85
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:
Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neutralization of CMR documents
Autorzy:
Cheu, Kelvin
Poliak, Miloš
Tomicová, Jana
Gnap, Jozef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
CMR convention
contract
transport
carriage
neutralization
Opis:
In 1956, there was an important step in international road freight transport. The CMR Convention, the main purpose of which was to unify the rules for the international transport of goods and thereby promote the development of international trade, was concluded. From a practical point of view, this is of great importance to both carriers and transporters. Similarly, this Convention describes the most important document for the carriage of goods and that is the consignment note CMR. In recent times, the term neutralization has been used in conjunction with this document in transport. We want to clarify the importance of this word in transport. The aim is also to find out to what extent carriers have real experience with CMR neutralization and when transporting what kind of goods the most frequent neutralization of documents is used. The purpose of this contribution is to explain what the term neutralization in transport means, because there is no legal regulation or norm to define it. This term is used mainly in chemistry. Furthermore, we would like to verify the hypothesis that the neutralization of consignment note CMR is actually used in international road freight transport and whether neutralization is only used for a particular type of goods, such as electronics. To verify the hypotheses we conducted a survey at the carriers.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2019, 83, 1; 175-184
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Miejsce stałego pobytu dziecka. Cywilnoprawne aspekty uprowadzenia dziecka za granicę
Habitual Residence of a Child. Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction
Autorzy:
Wierciński, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518438.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
Hague convention
child abduction
habitual residence
Opis:
The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction provides no fixed definition of its central term of habitual residence of a child. Recently, in Monasky v. Taglieri the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed the determination of an abducted child’s habitual residence, resolved a split among circuit courts regarding the focus of habitual residence inquiry as to whether habitual residence should be determined using objective evidence of the child’s perspective, subjective evidence of parental intent and established the new “totalityof-the-circumstances” standard of review. As this is quite a different position as compared to the position of the Polish Supreme Court who decided that the intentions of caregiving parents are not relevant considerations in determining a child’s habitual residence, this article analyses recent US developments arguing that the Polish Supreme Court position should be changed.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 5 (61); 3-19
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawnomiędzynarodowy standard sądowej kontroli w sprawach związanych z zabezpieczeniem społecznym a regulacje polskie
The international-law standard of judicial review in matters regarding social security and the Polish regulations
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
judicial review
social security
convention № 102
Opis:
The Convention of ILO № 102 is the basic source of international-law rules in the area of social security. This convention concerns the standards of judicial review in matters regarding social security. It declares that whenever a claim is settled by a special tribunal established to deal with social security questions and on which the protected persons are represented, no right of appeal should be required. It means that matters regarding social security should be settled by tribunals that are organizationally, personally and procedurally separated from those dealing with other cases. In Poland, most of the matters regarding social security are settled by common courts, by their special departments, in a special procedure. Nevertheless, relevant departments can also deal with cases concerning labor law and they do not consist of persons who are not judges and represent protected persons. It means that the Polish regulations concerning the judicial review in matters regarding social security do not fulfill the standard established by the Convention № 102.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2019, 17, 1; 67-75
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Współczesna plastyka ludowa jako konwencja – uzupełnienia po latach
Autorzy:
Robotycki, Czesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/644482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
folk art
convention
traditional folk culture
Opis:
This article is an attempt to answer the question of how folk art existence in contemporary society. The first part presents the broad context European tradition of the study of art. Conceptual frame of thinking about art has been developed primarily by philosophers and art historians. In the nineteenth century art begins to function in a new context, as a result of the transformation of civilization, social and economic. For this change is highly influenced by surrealist ideological program. It is his case was undermined dichotomy: high art and low art. In the second part the author presents the mutual influences of surrealism and ethnology, which resulted in interest in primitive art, and her new research perspective. The third part of the article is the diagnosis: difficult to define term „folk art” has become a convention. It is a symptome of changing meaning and decay of traditional folk culture.
Źródło:
Prace Etnograficzne; 2013, 41, 1; 1-13
0083-4327
2299-9558
Pojawia się w:
Prace Etnograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O roli konwencji w kulturze
On the role of conventions in culture
Autorzy:
Orbik, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/325108.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
konwencja
konwencjonalizm
kultura
convention
conventionalism
culture
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest analiza pojęcia konwencji oraz ich roli w różnych dziedzinach twórczości człowieka. Wyodrębnia się trzy podstawowe znaczenia terminu konwencja: (1) konwencja jako pewna umowa, porozumienie się, ugoda; (2) konwencja jako pewne ustanowienie, decyzja, wybór, rozstrzygnięcie; (3) konwencja jako pewien sposób bycia, uzus, obowiązujący kanon postępowania. Następnie poddaje się analizie znaczenie konwencji w teorii znaków i języka, poznaniu naukowym oraz prawie, moralności i sztuce.
The aim of the article is to analyze the concept of conventions and their role in various fields of human creativity. Three basic meanings of the term are distinguished: (1) convention as a contract, agreement, settlement; (2) convention as a certain establishment, decision, choice, resolution; (3) convention as a form of being, uzus, the canon of conduct. Next, the meaning of convention in the theory of signs and language, scientific cognition as well as law, morality and art is analyzed.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2018, 123; 341-354
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towarzystwo Archiwistyki Kościelnej i jego organ
Autorzy:
Wojnowski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1048406.pdf
Data publikacji:
1962
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
biuletyn
zjazd
archiwum
bulletin
convention
archive
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 1962, 5; 361-368
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Protection of the Fundamental Rights of the Child in the Light of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
Ochrona podstawowych praw dziecka w świetle Afrykańskiej Karty Praw i Dobrobytu Dziecka
Autorzy:
Diallo, Boubacar Sidi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15840540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
human right
child
convention
region
UA
UN
Opis:
The adoption of a binding international treaty on the rights of the child is presented by practitioners and researchers as a “revolution”, marking the transition from the legal status of the child as a subject of the right, to a full actor of rights protection. For the fundamental rights of the child not to remain merely theoretical, but to become concrete and meaningful, it is important to provide them with effective judicial protection. This issue is more than ever topical, with the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child establishing a procedure for the submission of communications, which entered into force on 14 April 2014. This new Optional Protocol gives children the right to appeal to the Committee on the Rights of the Child when the rights protected by the Convention and its firsttwo protocols are violated. The purpose of this brief study is to analyze the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Charter), adopted in 1990, which is the firstregional legal text for children specificallyand as such unique, since no other region in the world has so far developed such a protection mechanism.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2018, 49; 175-184
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Afekt i konwencja – budowanie przestrzeni widzenia
Affect and Convention: Creating the Space of Seeing
Autorzy:
Nabiałek, Magda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1450408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
drama
comedy dell'arte
affect
convention
space
Opis:
Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie współistnienia dwóch zjawisk w dramacie II połowy XIX wieku i przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Autorka łącząc afekt i konwencję stara się wskazać na bardzo charakterystyczne zarówno dla twórców odradzającej się we Włoszech komedii dell’arte, rosyjskiego bałaganu jak i polskiej baśni dramatyczne zjawisko wykorzystywania zapomnianych, ale i silnie utrwalonych w pamięci kulturowej odbiorców schematów fabularnych, postaci, rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych w celu wywoływania u odbiorcy określonego rodzaju afektów. Te z kolei pozwalały na budowanie więzi z widownią w oparciu o zupełnie nowe zasady współuczestnictwa, które dały początek zjawiskom teatralnym charakterystycznym na twórczości dramatycznej II połowy XX wieku.
The article discusses the coexistence of two phenomena in the drama of the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. By combining affect and convention, the author seeks to point out the dramatic use of the forgotten plot schemes, characters, and construction solutions, which still remain strongly preserved in the cultural memory of the viewers. These were highly characteristic of the comedy dell'arte, the Russian  balagan, which was at the time regaining its popularity in Italy, as well as of the Polish fairy tale. The authors used them in order to evoke in the viewer a certain kind of affectation. This, in turn, allowed them to build ties with the audience based on completely new rules of participation, which gave rise to the theatrical phenomena characteristic of the second half of the 20th century.
Źródło:
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze; 2020, 16; 65-82
2082-9701
2720-0078
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The implementation of the Malta Convention in The Netherlands: historical context and current practice
Autorzy:
Bringmans, Patrick
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Malta Convention
archaeological heritage management
The Netherlands
Opis:
The Netherlands signed the so-called ‘Malta Convention’ in 1992. This event marked the start of major changes in the archaeological sector in The Netherlands. Prior to 2001 only the national government, universities and local municipalities were permitted to perform archaeological excavations. However, in 2001 new temporary rules were introduced allowing commercial archaeological companies to conduct archaeological fieldwork under certain conditions. The entire Archaeological Heritage Management Cycle in The Netherlands consists of a process of stepwise intensification of archaeological work. Excavations (= preservation ex situ) will only be performed if a valuable archaeological site cannot be preserved underground (= preservation in situ). The number of commercial archaeological companies licensed to perform archaeological fieldwork grew steadily over the years. These companies perform a growing proportion of desk research and fieldwork, now accounting for almost 90% of all archaeological research carried out in The Netherlands. In the year 2017, there were 4,225 archaeological projects registered in The Netherlands.
Źródło:
Raport; 2018, 13; 209-215
2300-0511
Pojawia się w:
Raport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Historical Background as Factor Favoring the Occurrence of Mercenaries and the Contemporary Role of Mercenarism in the Context of International Law
Autorzy:
Ledwoń, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-28
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
mercenary
military service
Geneva Convention
armed conflicts
Opis:
The article analyses the phenomenon of mercenalism, it focuses on the historical background and the origin of mercenaries from ancient times, throughout medieval period to modern times in the context of usage of mercenaries, the forms of military conficts as well as factors favoring their occurrence as warriors. The article describes the most signifcant international legal acts concerning mercenaries and examine the elements of the present legal defnition of mercenary found in Additional Protocol I to Geneva Convention presenting weaknesses of the regulation and proves that in fact mercenary is able to avoid responsibility for his illegal actions.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2013, 9(9); 100-111
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kolejny kongres archiwistów kościelnych
Autorzy:
Boguniowski, Wacław J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1042171.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
archiwistka
kościół
kongres
archival science
church
convention
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 1993, 62; 380-381
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Paramount clause in the international transport of goods by road and rail
Klauzula paramount w drogowym i kolejowym międzynarodowym transporcie towarów
Autorzy:
Garnowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
transport law
CMR Convention
CIM Convention
paramount clause
prawo przewozowe
Konwencja CMR
Konwencja CIM
klauzula paramount
Opis:
The paramount clause is the particular in the consignment note drawn during the performance of international carriage of goods by road and rail, according to which the carriage is subject to the provisions of applicable convention, notwithstanding any clause to the contrary. Inclusion of the entry is one of the carrier’s obligations, which in practice is not always performed. In the article the author describes the consequences of the lack of such particular and indicates situations in which the carrier may be held liable for the damage caused by this omission. However, the author eventually presents the view that due to the serious evidential difficulties it would be unlikely to obtain damages for the failure to include the paramount clause.
Klauzula paramount stanowi wzmiankę umieszczaną w liście przewozowym sporządzanym w związku z realizacją międzynarodowego przewozu drogowego i kolejowego, zgodnie z którą przewóz ma podlegać przepisom danej konwencji niezależnie od jakichkolwiek przeciwnych klauzul. Umieszczenie tej wzmianki stanowi jeden z obowiązków przewoźnika, który w praktyce nie zawsze jest jednak realizowany. W artykule autor omawia konsekwencje braku takiej wzmianki i wskazuje na sytuacje, w których przewoźnik może ponosić odpowiedzialność za skutki tego zaniechania. Ostateczne autor dochodzi jednak do wniosku, że w praktyce uzyskanie odszkodowania w związku z nieumieszczeniem klauzuli paramount byłoby trudne ze względu na poważne problemy dowodowe.
Źródło:
Problemy Transportu i Logistyki; 2018, 43, 3; 139-146
1644-275X
2353-3005
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Transportu i Logistyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcja dowodowa listu przewozowego w lądowym transporcie towarów
Evidentiary value of the consignment note in the land transport of goods
Autorzy:
Garnowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
prawo przewozowe
konwencja CMR
konwencja CIM
list przewozowy
transport law
CMR Convention
CIM Convention
consignment note
Opis:
W artykule omówiono problematykę funkcji dowodowej listu przewozowego na gruncie prawa krajowego, konwencji CMR i konwencji CIM. Autor przedstawia różnice pomiędzy uregulowaniami zawartymi w poszczególnych aktach, dochodząc do wniosku, że najbardziej klarowne i zrównoważone są regulacje zawarte w konwencji CMR. Wynika to z faktu, że akt ten jasno określa rolę dowodową listu przewozowego oraz jego relacje wobec innych dowodów, zachowując jednak niezbędną elastyczność. W przypadku konwencji CIM wątpliwości może budzić daleko idące uprzywilejowanie przewoźnika, które stawia go w pozycji zdecydowanie korzystniejszej niż nadawcę, co prowadzi do naruszenia równowagi pomiędzy stronami umowy przewozu. W odniesieniu natomiast do regulacji zawartych w prawie krajowym wartość dowodowa listu przewozowego nie jest precyzyjnie określona, w szczególności nie sposób ocenić jego relacji do innych dowodów, co uzasadnia potrzebę nowelizacji Prawa przewozowego w tym zakresie.
The article deals with the issue of evidentiary value of consignment note in the light of Polish domestic law, CMR Convention and CIM Convention. The author presents the diiferences between the regulations of particular acts, stating that the provisions of CMR Convention are the most clear and balanced ones. This is a consequence of the fact that this act clearly defines the role of consignment note and its relation to the other proofs, maintaining necessary flexibility at the same time. The regulations of CIM Convention may raise some doubts regarding the far-reaching preference of the carrier, which places him in much more advantageous position than the sender and leads to the violation of the balance between the parties to the contract of carriage. In case of Polish transport law the evidentiary value of the consignment note is not precisely regulated. In particular it is not possible to determine its relation to the others proofs, which justifies the need of the amendments of the act in this regard.
Źródło:
Problemy Transportu i Logistyki; 2017, 40, 4; 31-40
1644-275X
2353-3005
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Transportu i Logistyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Treaty Interpretation by the Polish Administrative Courts: A Case Study of the Interpretation of the 1972 Prague Convention
Autorzy:
Zaręba, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
1972 Prague Convention
Polish practice in international law
VCLT
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Opis:
This article analyses the practice of the Polish administrative courts with respect to application of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, based on a case study of the judgment of the Voivodship Administrative Court in Warsaw of 6 May 2014 (case no. II SA/Wa 117/14), which concerned the recognition of distance learning degrees awarded by Ukrainian universities pursuant to the 1972 Prague Convention. It is argued herein that the reasoning of the court suffers from four major drawbacks: 1) it is at variance with the text, object and purpose of the Prague Convention; 2) it does not take into account the practice in the application of that treaty; 3) it misinterprets the silence of the preparatory work to the Prague Convention on certain issues; and 4) it is inconsistent with international judicial decisions as regards the interpretation of the “special meaning” of one of the terms used in the Convention.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 285-301
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Asymmetric Warfare – Not every war has to end?
Autorzy:
Petener, Zrinko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576449.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-27
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
war
asymmetric warfare
terrorism
International humanitarian law
Hague
Convention
Geneva Convention
Al Qaeda
Islamic State
Daesh
Caliphate
Opis:
The study of warfare, throughout its history, as well as efforts to legally regulate the resort to war and the conduct of war, were concentrated exclusively on one form of warfare - interstate conflict. Only since the terrorist attacks on Washington and New York in 2001 and the following ‘Global War on Terrorism’ has a discussion on a potentially new kind of warfare - asymmetric warfare - moved into the spotlight. Despite all the scientific attention, the concept of asymmetric warfare remains undefined or ill-defined until today, resulting in a proliferation of its use and limiting its value. Hence, restraint in the use of the term is necessary, in order to reinforce its analytical value and applicability. Defining asymmetric warfare as a conflict among opponents who are so different in their basic features that comparison of their military power is rendered impossible, is such an attempt to limit the term to a substantially new form of warfare, witnessed in a conflict that is often commonly called the Global War on Terrorism. The past two years, since the upsurge of the so-called Islamic State to the forefront of the salafi jihadi movement, have witnessed a significant change in this war. Superficial analysis could lead to the conclusion that the proclamation of the Islamic Caliphate on the territories of Iraq and Syria (for now) seems to have recalibrated this conflict into traditional inter- state war again, making the concept of asymmetric warfare obsolete and diminishing it into just a short-term aberration in the history of warfare. Nothing could be further from the truth. The enemy in the Global War on Terrorism was and remains a global and territorially unrestricted ideological movement whose numbers cannot even be estimated, which fights its battles wherever it chooses to, and whose ultimate goal is the annihilation of the international system of sovereign states, not the creation of a new state within this system. The Islamic Caliphate in its current boundaries is nothing more than the “model Islamic state”, as envisioned by Osama bin Laden in his 1996 fatwa as part of Al Qaeda’s 200 year plan for the establishment of God’s Islamic World Order. This grand strategy is the guiding blueprint of the salafi jihad that is waged against the Westphalian state system in a war that is truly asymmetric. We have to adjust to this strategic asymmetry if we are to prevail in this struggle, fighting a long war against an indefinable enemy on battlefields that are still unknown.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2016, 11, 2; 30-44
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legalność i skuteczność muru granicznego jako instrumentu służącego ograniczeniu napływu uchodźców z punktu widzenia Konwencji genewskiej z 1951 r.
The legality and effectiveness of a border wall as an instrument of reduction of influx of refugees under the 1951 Refugee Convention
Autorzy:
Zaręba, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/547068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Instytut Politologii
Tematy:
mur graniczny
uchodźcy
Konwencja genewska
Konwencja dotycząca statusu uchodźców
non-refoulement
border wall
fence
refugees
Refugee Convention
Geneva Convention
Opis:
Z punktu widzenia Konwencji genewskiej z 1951 r. legalność muru granicznego może być kwestionowana tylko wtedy, gdy konsekwencje jego istnienia są sprzeczne z wyrażoną w art. 33 tej konwencji zasadą non-refoulement. Taka sytuacja może mieć miejsce, gdy dojdzie do jednoczesnego spełnienia kilku warunków. Po pierwsze, przyjmie się liberalną interpretację zasady non-refoulement, zgodnie z którą wynikający z niej zakaz zawracania na granicę obejmuje także osoby próbujące wkroczyć na terytorium danego państwa po to, by skorzystać w nim z ochrony. Po drugie, wzniesiony mur stanie na granicy z państwem, w którym takim osobom grozi niebezpieczeństwo z jednego z powodów wskazanych w art. 33. Po trzecie, państwo, które zbudowało mur, będzie go wykorzystywać nie do regulacji ruchu granicznego, lecz jako środek mający w połączeniu z innymi praktykami służyć odstraszeniu potencjalnych uchodźców. Ocena skuteczności muru jako instrumentu służącego ograniczeniu napływu uchodźców wypada niezbyt korzystnie. Z jednej strony umożliwia on dużo bardziej skuteczną kontrolę ruchu granicznego i generalnie zapobiega przedostawaniu się osób szukających ochrony na terytorium państwa, umożliwiając temu państwu uniknięcie ciążących na nim zobowiązań, przynajmniej zgodnie z tradycyjnym rozumieniem zasady non-refoulement. Z drugiej strony nie może jednak zdjąć z państwa obowiązku rozpatrzenia wniosków o ochronę składanych przez osoby, które wkraczają na przejścia graniczne lub w inny sposób przedostają się na jego terytorium, przynajmniej na krótko.
As a rule, international law does not prohibit building border walls. However, the consequences of construction or existence of a wall, when assessed from the point of view of some customary norms or a treaty, may indirectly affect its legality. One of such treaties is the 1951 Refugee Convention (the Convention). The analysis demonstrates that it is not possible to call a wall illegal in the light of Articles 26 (freedom of movement) and 31 para. 2 (refugees unlawfully in the country of refuge) of the Convention, since, inter alia, both apply to the people already present in the territory of a given State. The only provision of the Convention which under certain conditions may allow to question the legality of existence of a border wall is Article 33 of the Convention, which establishes the principle of non-refoulement. To make it possible, however, several conditions need to be fulfilled simultaneously. First, a broad interpretation of Article 33 para. 1 must be adopted, which covers also the people who come at the border but have not crossed it yet. Second, the wall must be placed on the border with a State where the life or freedom of at least some of the people seeking refuge in the State building the wall may be threatened on account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. Third, the policy of the State which has built it must indicate that the State does not use the wall simply as a means of regulation of the mass influx of people seeking refuge but as a preventive measure combined with other measures aimed at deterring the would-be refugees. The assessment of the effectiveness of the wall as an instrument designed to curb the mass influx of refugees is not very favourable. Undoubtedly, as a manifestation of sovereign power of a State over its territory, the border fence allows the State to control its border traffic much more effectively. It also helps to keep a large number of people seeking refugee protection “from the procedural door”, by not allowing them to enter the territory of the State building the wall and preventing the rise of any obligations towards them on behalf of said State – at least according to a more traditional interpretation of the principle of non-refoulement. Still, the wall does not relieve the building State from the obligation to at least process the claims for refugee protection submitted by the people who enter border crossings or get to the other side of the border at least for a short time in another way. Thus, as such, it is not a fully effective measure which would completely absolve the State from any obligations towards the people coming at the border and trying to cross it.
Źródło:
Pogranicze. Polish Borderlands Studies; 2018, 6, 1; 31-49
2545-160X
2353-3781
Pojawia się w:
Pogranicze. Polish Borderlands Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Performative Aspects of Metaphor: The Metaphorization of Silence between Intentionality and Conventionality
Autorzy:
Gołębiewska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451487.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
metaphor
silence
performative theory
intention
convention
normativeness
Opis:
Metaphor, as is known, has been considered an expression of the creative approach of a subject to language and thinking. Metaphor enables the subject of cognition and action to establish meaning – the subject exercises semiosis not only by referring to the former convention and the situational context, but also by transforming it due to the distinct act of turning the metaphor into an instrument of expression. The innovative character of metaphor allows one to consider it in the context of performative theory, whereas its receptive, evocative character requires interpretation from the recipient. In both cases, metaphor in acts of communication, opens their participants towards specific expressions – performative expression in the case of individual semantic innovation, and receptive expression in the case of the interpretation of former metaphors. The specific example of silence, considered as a kind of metaphor within the frameworks of the performative theory, is the subject-matter of the paper. The basic question of the paper, referring to John L. Austin’s speech act theory and to his followers, is related to the source of the aforementioned metaphorization – to what degree is it an intention of language users, and to what degree is it a language convention which allows one to combine words and establish new associations metaphorically? In his pragmatic concept of meaning, Austin stresses the role of the context of an utterance – the situational context may also enable the establishment of metaphor as a figure of speech that dynamizes and moves our thinking.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2019, 3, 4(10); 5-20
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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