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Tytuł:
Jet fuels diversity
Autorzy:
Sarnecki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
jet fuel
composition
hydrocarbon
jet engine
fossil fuels
surrogate fuels
Opis:
Term “jet fuel” is well known and recognized worldwide - it applies to aviation product used to power all turbine engines in aircrafts and helicopters. Its’ properties are clearly and strictly defined in international specifications. However, in the discussion concerning jet fuels, and in most research material, many people seem to forget that this fuel is a mixture of different hydrocarbons, is produced from different feedstock (crude oil from different sources available worldwide) and as a final product is obtained with different production processes. Thus, however jet fuel must meet the requirements defined in international standards, these fuels differ each other and as a result, differences can be observed in logistic chain and in combustion process. This paper points out some differences between jet fuels and its aim is to convict users, researchers and all people in aviation industry dealing with jet engines operation, that - when talking about jet fuel - many factors and details about final product must be considered, and this type of product should not be seen as single-type fuel, as most people see it now. The article has been prepared within the research project funded by the National Science Centre in Poland and granted with decision no. DEC-2011/01/D/ST8/06567.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 433-438
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Discussion on microbial contamination of naval fuels
Autorzy:
Dzięgielewski, W.
Sarnecki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
naval fuels
microbes on fuels
microbial growth
microorganisms
fungi
ulphate-reducing bacteria
Opis:
Article Deals with problem of naval fuels’ microbial contamination. This problem in Poland is not well known and described, but operational problems encountered very often prove that this is a very serious problem. Examples of laboratory tests performed on real samples are presented as well as possible effects of microbial contamination are discussed. Authors also suggest continuous monitoring of naval fuels as main preventive tool. Article covers following topics: • general information about microorganisms present in naval fuels • conditions necessary for microbial growth, with special attention to conditions encountered on vessels • operational problems resulting from microbial contamination • methods of microorganisms detection and examples of preventive actions.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2009, 3; 41-44
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpady tworzyw sztucznych jako źródło paliw stałych i płynnych
Waste plastics as a source of solid and liquid fuels
Autorzy:
Mianowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1215945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
Tematy:
odpadowe tworzywa sztuczne
paliwa alternatywne
SRF
paliwa płynne
paliwa motorowe
waste plastics
alternate fuels
liquid fuels
motor fuels
Opis:
Na tle możliwości wykorzystania odpadowych tworzyw sztucznych, zwłaszcza odpadowych poliolefin, przedstawiono ten problem w aspekcie krajowych możliwości. Nie jest to przegląd literaturowy; zasadniczy nurt wiąże się z realiami przemysłowymi. Artykuł ogranicza się do retrospektywnej oceny wariantu wytwarzania paliw płynnych z tłem wkładu prac własnych.
The problem is presented here taking into account Polish capabilities, against the background of the possibilities of using waste plastics. This is not a literature review – the main thread concerns industrial reality. The article is restricted to a retrospective assessment of the variant of liquid fuel manufacturing and the background is constituted by own works.
Źródło:
Chemik; 2013, 67, 5; 423-434
0009-2886
Pojawia się w:
Chemik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transestrification of biofuel, yes but why?
Autorzy:
Sitnik, L. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
diesel engines
fuels
alternative fuels
biofuel
Opis:
This paper presents a novel way of utilizing alcohols as fuels for a diesel engine. It is proposed to use heavy alcohols as a mix with vegetable oils and conventional diesel fuel. It is presented the another way to use alcohols. Namely, the use of heavy alcohols as a solvent for vegetable oil (named the biomix or BM) and after the obtainment of the thickness, which would be approximate to diesel fuel, mixing the biomix with diesel fuel to obtained biomix diesel (BMD). This solution will be shown for example with butanol as heavy alcohol, rape oil as vegetable oil and conventional diesel fuel. The investigations are carried out with a simple diesel engine on the engine test bed. Main parameters of engine (power output, torque, specifically fuel consumption) and the main exhaust gas component (in this case CO, NOx, PM) will be investigated. There were better results achieved than one expected. Opposed to existing experiences, the maximum of power output and the torque of engine are higher in the whole range of the rotatory speed of the engine crankshaft when the engine biomix diesel (BMD) is reinforced. The addition of the component biomix to fuel influences the specific fuel consumption. Generally with the larger part of the component biomix the specific fuel consumption grows. Because the power of engine also grows up one should expect that in exploitation the specific fuel consumption should not increase. Transestrification process in the proposed solution does not appear. This has large economic meaning. The investment amount (the transestrification plant) is not necessary. The power consumption to get fuel is lower. Vegetable oils are fully used (glycerine is not produced). BMD has stable parameters. The usage of existing infrastructure to this transportation is enough. Very important is that this fuel could be used to reinforce old, existing now and the future diesel engines. The production of butanol is known. It will be interesting to use for the production an electrolysis process, especially in the proposed new plant where the electrolysis process is connected with the process to get the electrical energy from byproducts of electrolysis (i.e. hydrogen and oxygen) in the fuel cell. It seems to be more efficient. The possibility to get butanol from ethanol gives a very good perspective for the use of ethanol from today's overproduction and moreover without the essential change of infrastructure.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 537-544
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fuels for aircraft engines
Paliwa w silnikach lotniczych
Autorzy:
Pągowski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/213513.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
paliwa
silniki lotnicze
fuels
aircraft engines
Opis:
Paper presents range of issues, related to the development of airplane engine fuels, starting from the Wright Brothers first flight in a year of1903, through the First World War and Second World War eras, and introducing us into contemporary time of piston and turbine airplanes, demanding high performance fuels. Author presents composition and performance of contemporary fuels, passing in the last part of the paper to the fuel development posibilities in the XXI century, both-related with aircraft engine development and increase of public interest in renewable energy sources and their usage in aviation.
Artykuł przedstawia zakres problemów dotyczących rozwoju paliw lotniczych. Rys historyczny paliw lotniczych, począwszy od pierwszego lotu braci Wright w 1903 roku, poprzez czasy pierwszej i drugiej wojen światowych wprowadzają nas w czasy współczesne samolotów tłokowych i turbinowych wymagających paliw o wysokich osiągach. Autor przedstawia skład i osiągi współczesnych paliw, przechodząc w ostatniej części artykułu do możliwości rozwoju paliw lotniczych w XXI wieku, zarówno ze względu na rozwój napędów lotniczych i ze względu na wzrost zainteresowania odnawialnymi źródłami energii i ich wykorzystaniu w lotnictwie.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa; 2005, 4 (183); 70-74
0509-6669
2300-5408
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alternative fuels for diesel engines
Autorzy:
Caban, J.
Gniecka, A
Holeša, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
biofuel
diesel engine
eco-fuels
Opis:
This paper presents the development and genesis of the use of alternative fuels in internal combustion ignition engines. Based on the analysis of the literature, this article shows various alternative fuels used in Poland and all over the world. Furthermore, this article describes the research directions for alternative fuels use in road transport powered by diesel engines.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2013, 7, 20; 70-74
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A hydrogenic electrolyzer for fuels
Autorzy:
Żółtowski, B.
Żółtowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260147.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
substitute fuel
hydrogen
biofuels
electrolysis
co-burning the fuels
Opis:
In this work - in view of still decreasing crude oil resources and increasing fuel prices - are presented issues concerning research on development of other, alternative fuel sources including those used in water, land and air transport means. One of them is hydrogen which,while burning, does not produce noxious carbon dioxide but only side effects such as heat and clean water. It is almost true that along with sudden drop of availability and rising price of crude oil many countries face economical paralysis. Any of alternative sources is not capable of supplying even only a basic amount of such energy, not mentioning the whole amount of energy demanded by our civilization. Hydrogen as an independent fuel for internal combustion engines has yet to go a long way to commercialization. to be Co-burning systems (combustion of mixtures )of today used hydrocarbon fuels combined with hydrogen seem closer to this aim. As proved in many investigations the substitution of a part of hydrocarbon fuel by hydrogen enables to make use of beneficial features of both the fuels. One of possible solutions of the problem may be application of an innovative hydrogenic fuel electrolyzer which is presented and evaluated in this paper.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2014, 4; 79-89
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Klasyfikacja paliw gazowych
Classification of gaseous fuels
Autorzy:
Jasiewicz, M.
Nadolna, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/371986.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
paliwa gazowe
rodzina paliw gazowych
grupa paliw gazowych
odbiorcy komunalni
odbiorcy przemysłowi
gaseous fuels
gaseous fuels classification
municipal customers
industrial customers
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiony został podział paliw gazowych. Podano klasyfikację, charakterystykę i sposób oznaczania gazów palnych wykorzystywanych przez odbiorców komunalnych i przemysłowych. Dla poszczególnych rodzin i grup gazów podano sposoby ich pozyskiwania i zastosowania. Przedstawiono główne składniki paliw gazowych i wymagania stawiane poszczególnym grupom gazów.
In the article the distribution of gaseous fuels has been presented. The classification, characteristics and method for determining the flammable gas used by industrial and municipal customers have been described. For individual groups of gases were showed the ways of their acquisition and use. The major components of gaseous fuels and the operational requirements were introduced for each group of gases.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski; 2016, 164 (44); 5-12
1895-7323
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Paliwa syntetyczne do zasilania silników spalinowych z zapłonem samoczynnym
Synthetic gas oil as fuels for diesel engines
Autorzy:
Łodygowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/250114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
paliwa syntetyczne
paliwa BTL
paliwa GTL
synthetic gas oil
BTL fuels
GTL fuels
Opis:
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono możliwości przemiany biomasy i gazu ziemnego do ciekłych węglowodorów, stanowiących surowiec do wytwarzania ciekłych paliw motorowych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na proces BtL (biomass-to-liquids) i GtL (gas-to-liquids), w którym biomasa lub metan z gazu ziemnego konwertowany jest do gazu syntezowego, przetwarzanego dalej do długołańcuchowych węglowodorów, wykorzystywanych do wytwarzania syntetycznego oleju napędowego. Przedstawiono wybrane właściwości fizykochemiczne paliw syntetycznych oraz zwrócono uwagę na fakt, że obecny postęp w dziedzinie paliw jest podyktowany przede wszystkim troską o środowisko naturalne.
This paper presents processes for transformation of biomass and natural gas to liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons for motor fuels were presented. In particular, the BtL and the GtL process for conversion of biomass or the natural gas-contained methane with oxygen to syngas, subsequently processed to long-chain hydrocarbons, used for manufacturing synthetic gas oil of high quality by hydrocracking. Paper presents selected physicochemical properties the fuels. In summary, it was concluded that ecology is the reason of rapid development of fuels technology.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2013, 10; 655-663, CD
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inflammability evaluation of hydrocarbon fuels mixtures formed directly in the combustion chamber
Autorzy:
Sidorowicz, M.
Pielecha, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
fuel injection
mixing fuels
hydrocarbon fuels
combustion chamber
wtrysk paliwa
paliwa mieszane
paliwo węglowodorowe
komora spalania
Opis:
The proposed article involves an investigation of the processes taking place during the preparation of mixed fuels that are combined directly before combustion. The fuel dose formed in this way must take into account the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fuels and the amount of air in the process. Given that liquid fuels similar to gasoline (e.g. methanol, ethanol, butanol) are characterized by different properties, their comparison would be useful in order to use their ratio to influence the combustion process. The process of fuel preparation plays a decisive role in this issue. The article describes abilities of modelling the injection of various fuels simultaneously to the combustion chamber for creating fuel mixture directly before ignition. First part of the article consists of analysis of light hydrocarbon fuels mixing abilities, supported with present research data. Next part describes the evaluation of execution of the assumed system – two fuel injectors with analysis of spray penetration. The modelling of the injection and spray was performed in the AVL FIRE 2014.2 environment and the results were presented. The injection possibility was proven by injecting the fuel to the combustion chamber model. Local values of air-fuel ratio, density and ambient pressure were presented to better understand the potential in mixing fuels directly before ignition. The conclusion includes description of fuel mixing abilities, influence of various fuels on creation of a stratified mixture and definition of controllability of charge ignition.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 57-65
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methodically Organizational Principles of Biological Sability Providing of Aviation Fuels
Autorzy:
Shkilniuk, I.
Boichenko, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
Tematy:
biofuels
aviation fuels
biopollution
biological contamination
Opis:
The research of aviation fuels ability of biocontamination is performed, the mechanism of aviation fuels hydrocarbons destruction and consequences of this process is analysed. Determination methods of aviation fuels biological phase presence were researched. Efficiency of basic methods of biological stability providing of aviation fuels is studied. Methodically organizational principles of aviation fuels biological stability providing were determined.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa; 2014, 4 (237) December 2014; 76-83
0509-6669
2300-5408
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Paliwa alternatywne z odpadów z PWZE
Alternative fuels with waste PWZE
Autorzy:
Michalski, R.
Wojciechowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/315537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
paliwa
odpady
recykling
fuels
waste
recycling
Opis:
W artykule omówiono główną ideę gospodarki zamkniętego obiegu tj. jest stworzenie takich mechanizmów i rozwiązań technicznych oraz stosowanie nowych technologii, aby wzrosła efektywność zapobiegania degradacji środowiska jak również uzyskanie minimalizacji negatywnych skutków ich oddziaływania na zdrowie ludzi i zwierząt. Obecny tryb życia i stosowane metody produkcji zagrażają środowisku naturalnemu. Zastosowanie proekologicznych i ekonomicznie uzasadnionych technologii odzysku materiałowego oraz energetycznego jest głównym celem polityki środowiskowej w dziedzinie zmniejszenia ilości odpadów oraz zagrożeń nimi powodowanych. Paliwa alternatywne (wtórne) pozyskane z odpadów stanowią jedno z najlepszych rozwiązań zagospodarowywania odpadów organicznych.
In the article the main idea of a closed circle economy, i.e. the creation of such mechanisms and technical solutions and the use of a new technologies to increase the efficiency of preventing environmental degradation as well as getting minimize the negative effects of their impact on human and animal health are discussed. The current life way and production methods threaten the environment. The use of environmentally friendly and economically viable technologies for material and energy recoveries are the main objectives of environmental policy in the field of reducing waste and the threat caused by them. Alternative fuels (secondary) obtained from waste are one of the best solutions of managing organic waste.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2017, 18, 6; 342-348, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the engine fuels impact on carbon dioxide emissions
Autorzy:
Worsztynowicz, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
internal combustion engine
combustion
engine fuels
emission
carbon dioxide
Opis:
The article addresses the topic of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere as the result of the hydrocarbon fuels combustion in the combustion engines. Widespread use of individual means of transportation, where the combustion engines function as the basic propulsion source, has caused that they are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, it has been subjected to some restrictions, similar to those applied towards toxic elements contained with exhaust. One of the most effective ways of restriction of carbon dioxide emission is to decrease fuel consumption. In addition, an important item is the implementation of fuels with less potential to create carbon dioxide as a result of their combustion. The article presents the results of comparative measurements conducted on the engine test stand in terms of prepared load characteristics for a spark ignition engine powered by gasoline as well as by natural gas. On the basis of these measurements the article provides the analysis of the impact of fuel composition and combustible mixture on carbon dioxide content in the exhaust gases. In the next stage of analysis, the criterion for the comparison was the value of carbon dioxide emission with reference to 1 kg of fuel resulting from the measurements and theoretical calculations of fuel combustion. The results of measurements and calculations were shown in forms of graphs. The measurements on a test stand were conducted for the engine of the older generation, whose design corresponds to the motors located in a large number of currently used vehicles. This allows a preliminary estimation of the carbon dioxide emissions coming from means of transport.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 571-575
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alternative fuels and technologies for compression ignition internal combustion engines
Autorzy:
Bereczky, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
alternative fuels
air pollution
environmental protection
dual fuel technology
Opis:
The traditional use of fossil-based fuels is now widely considered unsustainable because of depleting their natural resources. Potential substitutes of fossil fuels are oils of renewable origin such as various vegetable and non-edible oils. The aim of using these oils or their methyl esters (biodiesel) is to establish and maintain a balance between agriculture, economy and environment protection. However, realizing the increasing demand of raw materials currently used can be achieved not only by increasing the production area but also by introducing new materials or technologies. The article presents and evaluates modern raw fuel components that are currently being investigated. Furthermore, the article deals with the dual fuel combustion technology in detail, with which the processed fuels are becoming available for use in Compression Ignition (CI) engines, where conventional blending is difficult or their use exclusively in diesel engines is economically unjustified. In case of dual fuel engine systems, the primary fuel, such as (wet)ethanol, methanol, LPG, H2 etc. is injected into the intake manifold of the engine and the premixed mixture simultaneously produced is ignited by the pilot diesel fuel as secondary fuel injected directly into the engine cylinder. This technology can significantly reduce exhaust emissions and can slightly increase engine efficiency. The achievements in this field and recently obtained results by the author and his research group are also presented. Exhaust emissions, performance and combustion characteristics were measured and analyzed with respect to several operating parameters as follows: premixed ratio (rp), pilot timing and engine load.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 43-51
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Production and use of waste-derived fuels in Poland: current status and perspectives
Autorzy:
Bień, Jurand
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:
paliwa alternatywne
odrzucone paliwa pochodne OPB
produkcja RDF
odzyskiwanie energii
waste-derived fuels
refused derived fuels RDF
RDF production
energy recovery
Opis:
In the paper issues related to the production and utilisation of waste-derived fuel (alternative fuel) in Poland are presented. Alternative fuel comes from dry residue of waste, mostly municipal, and is treated as a waste. In European Waste Catalogue waste-derived fuel is marked with 191210 code despite their municipal, industrial or mixed origin. The production and utilisation of alternative fuel were analysed with the data from sixteen polish voivodships’ annual reports. The total amount of waste-derived fuel produced in Poland exceeds 3 million tonnes annually. It means there is no balance between the amount of production and possibility of energy recovery in Poland. In 2018 only 1,54 million tons was recovered in R1 recovery process which is only half of the waste-derived fuel produced. In addition, the entire amount of fuel is used in the cement industry. In 2018 in the cement industry 1,46 millions tons of alternative fuel was used. It is estimated that the potential use of alternative fuel by cement plants in Poland is about 1.5-1.8 million tonnes. This means that greater use of alternative fuel in the cement sector is significantly limited. The difference between in the amount of fuel produced and the amount of fuel used for energy recovery in 2018 is around 1.67 million tons. This situation has a significant impact on the economy of waste management in the field of combustible waste production.
Źródło:
Production Engineering Archives; 2021, 27, 1; 36-41
2353-5156
2353-7779
Pojawia się w:
Production Engineering Archives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regulation of public charging stations in proposed Polish law on electromobility and alternative fuels
Autorzy:
Podmiotko, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:
energy policy
e-mobility
alternative fuels
Opis:
Transport, as the core of the regional, national, and, undoubtedly, global economies, requires for undisturbed functioning a developed infrastructure; places where vehicles can be fueled, especially filling stations, are one of the most essential elements of this infrastructure. Electromobility, which is certainly becoming step by step the future of the wholly understood transport sector, will also need, like conventional transport, a specific infrastructure which will permit the refueling of electro-vehicles, too. Easily accessible public charging stations seem to be the most important element in developing electromobility in common transport. To assure such, complex legal regulations are necessary. The Polish legislature has responded to this necessity and is now pursuing work on laws regarding electromobility and alternative fuels. This article has two main emphases - analyze the proposed regulations in the matter of public charging stations and pinpoint the principal tasks in this score. The author hopes that this article will initiate larger interest in this developing institution in Poland.
Źródło:
Energy Policy Studies; 2017, 1 (1); 27-34
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:
Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal loads of engines for different properties of commercial fuels
Autorzy:
Sroka, Z. J.
Reksa, M.
Miksiewicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
diesel engine
thermal loads
fuels
Opis:
It is oblivious, various properties of fuels cause different thermal loads of engines. Question is, how big is this effect and what fuel compound and its property play insignificant part. This paper is focused on problem of quality of diesel commercial fuels in Polish market and it is a challenge to find answer for question mentioned above. The academic staff from Wroclaw University of Technology organized tests with different commercial fuels. Chemical and physical properties of these fuels were studied and used for investigation to define relationships between them and thermal load during simulation process. All researches were done in the lab of Division of Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines at the Wroclaw University of Technology. Tests have showed differences in chemical and physical properties of fuels, but there is no statistics effect on engine parameters. Results have not also pointed any important differences in thermal loads of engine VW1,9 TDI and its components according to different physical and chemical properties of tested fuels. It is probably because there are differences of calorific values from one side but from other hands various density and specific fuel consumption compensated these differences. To burn unit of fuel contains higher level of oxygen, engine needs lower amount of air, so it gives, for the same fuelling system, lean mixture. It causes higher temperature of exhaust gases and a bit higher exhaust losses
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 463-467
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of the additives used in mineral jet fuels on the lubricating properties of synthetic fuels for turbine aircraft engines
Autorzy:
Dzięgielewski, W.
Kaźmierczak, U.
Kulczycki, A.
Ozimina, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
lubricity
fuels for turbine aircraft engines
synthetic components
additives
Opis:
Hydrocarbon containing synthetic fuels represent a promising alternative fuels. Despite different chemical compositions, their properties should be similar to properties of mineral fuels, as they are designed for the same drive units. The basic parameter related to the protection of the adequate service life of the power supply devices, including precision pairs, is lubricity. Lubricity depends on a number of factors, including these related to the chemical composition of fuel components and operating additives introduced into fuels in order to modify their properties. The preliminary results of research on the effect of additives: lubricating, anti-corrosion and anti-electrostatic once, on the lubricating properties of a synthetic fuel are shown in the paper. It was observed that there are relations between the content of additives and the dynamics of film formation. It is significant that this does not apply only to the lubricating additive, but also the additive, which protects the correct electrostatic balance by providing sufficiently high electrical conductivity of the fuel. This may indicate that the formation of a lubricating film remains in relation to the intensity of energy transport from the lubricated surface to the molecules of lubricating additives inside the film. The results shown in the paper preliminary confirm the hypothesis, that synthetic components of fuels change the concentration of ordered molecular structures (which are present in mineral part of fuels and which can be responsible for energy transport inside the lubricating film), what resulted in worse fuel ability to create protective film, and anti-electrostatic additive improves lubricity of blends of synthetic and mineral components.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 2; 121-128
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical properties of fuels and lubricants vs. aquatic environment protection issues
Autorzy:
Otremba, Z.
Toczek, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247174.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
oil film
fuels
lubricants
aquatic environment protection
Opis:
Oils can be optically described by two parameters: light absorption coefficient and light refraction coefficient. Spectrum of absorption coefficient manifests itself in colour of oil, whereas spectrum of refraction coefficient impacts on both refractive and reflective properties of interface between oil and surroundings. Both spectra of absorption coefficient and refraction coefficient have distinctive slopes in ultraviolet edge of spectrum where values of mentioned coefficients decrease from extremely high in ultraviolet to relatively low in visual range. Possibility of perceiving of oil existing in the form of thin film or in the form of an emulsion depends on ambient light conditions and on mentioned optical properties. Additionally perceiving of oil depends on thickness of the oil film and on type of substrate on which oil is spread (water, metal etc.), as well as - if emulsion oil-in-water or water-in-oil is considered - on the droplets size distribution. The present paper begins with a review of optical properties of several oils. Next, an impact of changes of those properties on optical properties of an oil film (spread on water) as well as an impact of those properties on optical properties of oil-in-water emulsion is explained. Finally, exemplary results of numerical simulation of light transfer in marine environment (using above optical properties) - e.g. angular distributions of optical contrast of both sea areas clean and polluted by an oil-film are presented.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 325-330
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opracowanie norm międzynarodowych w zakresie wzbogacania i jakości paliw stałych
The preparation of international standards for upgrading and quality assessment of fosil mineral fuels
Autorzy:
Brown, D. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/318653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
normy międzynarodowe
wzbogacanie paliw stałych
paliwa stałe
jakość paliw stałych
international standards
fosil mineral fuels
upgrading fosil mineral fuels
quality assessment of fosil mineral fuels
Opis:
Na przestrzeni wielu lat węgiel wykorzystywany był do produkcji energii elektrycznej oraz w procesach przeróbki rud w przemyśle metalurgicznym. W niektórych krajach europejskich podstawowe zasoby węgla zostały dawno wyczerpane, a niezbędne zaopatrzenie w ten surowiec pochodzi z innych światowych źródeł (zagłębi). Jakość dostaw i cena węgla zależy od sposobu opróbowania i analizy każdej partii wykonanej w laboratorium niezależnym zarówno od dostawcy jak i użytkownika. Koniecznym i ważnym jest aby dostawca i użytkownik ufali, że wyniki badań laboratoryjnych są adekwatne i powtarzalne oraz że wyniki te niezależnie od zakresu są reprezentatywne dla badanych partii. Znaczy to, że wszystkie badania muszą być wykonane technikami znormalizowanymi, i że mogą być powtórzone przez doświadczonych techników - laborantów zarówno w tym samym laboratorium jak i podobnych laboratoriach na całym świecie. Międzynarodowa Organizacja Normalizacyjna (ISO) stanowi organizację nadrzędną w ramach której specjaliści z komitetów normalizacyjnych krajów uczestniczących spotykają się aby opracować niezbędne uniwersalne procedury badawcze. Normy mogą być złożone np. w przypadku badań dotyczących wzbogacania węgla albo względnie proste jak np. w przypadku badania flokulantów. Każda norma międzynarodowa opracowywana jest w odpowiednim komitecie i bazuje na procedurach stosowanych w pojedynczych krajach lub/i na doświadczeniach własnych członka komitetu. Czasem norma jest rozwiązaniem całkowicie nowym, a jej opracowanie wynika z konieczności rozwiązania problemów, na które napotykają kraje członkowskie ISO w działalności praktycznej. Proces ustanowienia normy jest długi, obejmuje bowiem przekazywanie projektu do krajów członkowskich celem skomentowania przez ekspertów i głosowania, przyjęcia projektu, przebadania procedury przez różne laboratoria, ostateczne końcowe uzgodnienia i opublikowanie przez ISO. Po opublikowaniu normy jej treść jest przeglądana co pięć lat przez komitet poręczycielski dla uwspółcześniania lub modyfikacji procedur w świetle doświadczeń praktycznych.
For many years coal has been used for the generation of electricity and as the feedstock for the refining of ores in the metalliferous industry. In some European countries the prime grades of coal have long been exhausted and suitable supplies have to be obtained from other world-wide sources. The consistency of supply and the price of coal are determined from the sampling and analysis of every consignment carried out in laboratories, independent to the both supplier and user. It is necessary and important that both the supplier and user have confidence in the consistency and repeatability of laboratory results and that these results are representative of the consignments, irrespective of their size. This means that all work must be performed to standard techniques that can be repeated by trained technicians, both in the same laboratory and in similar laboratories world-wide. The International Standards Organisation (ISO) is an umbrella organisation under which experts from the Standards Organisations of participating countries meet to devise these universal procedural techniques. These standards may be complex, for example coal cleaning tests, or relatively simple, such as the method for testing flocculants. Each international standard is constructed in a committee and is based on an individual country's own procedures and/or the committee members' own experiences. Sometimes the standard is a completely new procedure required because of problems experienced by ISO member countries. The process of establishing a standard is lengthy, requiring distribution to member countries for voting and comment by other experts, approval of drafts, testing of the procedure by various laboratories and ultimately final approval and issue by the ISO organisation. After issue, the procedure is reviewed every five years by the sponsoring committee for possible updating or modification of the procedure in light of practical experience.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2002, R. 3, nr 2, 2; 3-16
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthetic automotive fuels
Autorzy:
Stępień, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
synthetic fuels
combustion engines
synthetic fuel applications
exhaust emissions
paliwa syntetyczne
silniki spalinowe
zastosowania paliwa syntetycznego
emisje spalin
Opis:
The article explains the differences between synthetic fuels of first and second generation. The potential of e-fuels to reduce GHG emissions was indicated. The application requirements that synthetic fuels need to meet in order to be used for powering internal combustion engines have been described. The possibility of using synthetic fuels as "drop-in" fuels, in blends with conventional petroleum-derived fuels as well as by themselves was discussed. E-fuels developed and optimized to power compression ignition and spark ignition engines were characterized. The possibilities of synthetic fuels to reduce emissions of regulated and unregulated exhaust components and to improve the work and operational parameters of the engine were also analyzed using the research carried out so far as basis. At the end of the article, forecasts for synthetic fuels development and applications were presented in the form of a SWOT analysis.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 1; 78--90
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prognoza rozwoju paliw płynnych
The forecast of development of the liquid fuels
Autorzy:
Biernat, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
silniki spalinowe
paliwa płynne
oleje
combustion engines
liquid fuels
oils
Opis:
The article includes analysis o f basic terms an d definitions an d following issues: the directions of modification and development of the drive in the wheel vehicles, the forecast of development of standard fuels for internal combustion engines, the improvement of demands towards oils and fuel liquids, prospective fuel substances and  non-standard fuels.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2005, 3, 1; 307-328
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badanie stabilności oksydacyjnej olejów napędowych
Experimental testing of oxidation stability of diesel fuels
Autorzy:
Baczewski, Kazimierz
Szczawiński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/210269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
inżynieria mechaniczna
paliwa silnikowe
olej napędowy
stabilność oksydacyjna
starzenie olejów napędowych
mechanical engineering
engine fuels
diesel fuel
oxidation stability
aging of diesel fuels
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono krótką analizę problemów stabilności oksydacyjnej olejów napędowych, opisano czynniki determinujące tę stabilność oraz metody jej badań. Podano wyniki badań stabilności oksydacyjnej próbek oleju napędowego bazowego, handlowego oraz mieszanin oleju napędowego bazowego i estrów metylowych oleju rzepakowego. Badano wpływ rodzaju paliwa oraz działanie tlenu, ciepła, światła i obecności wody na zmianę stabilności oksydacyjnej badanych paliw. Stwierdzono, że decydujący wpływ na zmianę właściwości funkcjonalnych badanych paliw ma działanie tlenu z powietrza i ciepła, a w niewielkim stopniu obecność wody.
The article presents a short analysis of oxidation stability problems of diesel fuels, it describes the factors determining this stability and methods of its research. The results of investigations of base diesel fuel oxidation stability, commercial diesel fuel, basic diesel fuel, and rapeseed methyl ester mixtures are given. The effect of the fuel type and the influence of oxygen, heat, light, and the presence of water on the change of oxidation stability of the examined fuels was investigated. It was found that the decisive influence on the change of functional properties of the tested fuels has the effect of air and heat, and to a small extent the presence of water.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2019, 68, 4; 15-28
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomiczne i ekologiczne aspekty stosowania systemu znakowania paliw akcyzowych
Economical and ecological aspects of excise fuels markers system application
Autorzy:
Czarnocka, Joanna
Zborowska, Urszula
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817387.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
paliwa
Dyrektywa 95/60/EC
podatek akcyzowy
znakowanie paliw
fuels
Directive 95/60/EC
fuels marking
excise tax
Opis:
This article describes different aspects of tax exemption and fiscal relief for liquid fuels. The common marking system to identify tax fuels was introduced by Directive 95/60/EC. It was explained the aim and the principle of functioning the system of identification of marker fuels.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2009, 7, 2; 73-78
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Future mobility without internal combustion engines and fuels?
Czy w przyszłości transport będzie mógł funkcjonować bez silników spalinowych i paliw?
Autorzy:
Lenz, H. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133507.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
transport
combustion engines
engine fuels
alternative powertrain
alternative fuels
silnik spalinowy
paliwa silnikowe
napęd alternatywny
paliwa alternatywne
Opis:
For many decades to come, and in the foreseeable future, internal combustion engines – in many cases with electric motors – will be with us, just like the liquid fuels they require. The importance of crude oil will decline, as these fuels will be increasingly produced on a synthetic basis without CO2 emissions. The answers to the question "Future Mobility without internal Combustion Engines and Fuels?" are "no" in both cases. Purely battery-electric mobility will be applied in the future only in specific areas. fuel-cell vehicles will hardly be used because of the extreme infrastructure investment costs. In contrast, liquid fuels will ensure the future of mobility. in this scenario, energy such as solar or wind energy will be generated without CO2 emissions.
Silniki spalinowe funkcjonują jako źródła napędu pojazdów już ponad 100 lat i w dającej się przewidzieć przyszłości wciąż będą powszechnie stosowane, podobnie jak paliwa płynne potrzebne do ich zasilania. Znaczenie ropy naftowej będzie jednak powoli malało w miarę wzrostu skali produkcji paliw syntetycznych, w procesach zapewniających małą emisję CO2. Odpowiedź na pytanie: czy transport w przyszłości będzie odbywać się bez silników spalinowych i paliw brzmi: nie. Napęd elektryczny stosowany będzie tylko na wybranych obszarach. Pojazdy wykorzystujące ogniwa paliwowe nigdy nie osiągną większej popularności ze względu na wysokie koszty budowy niezbędnej infrastruktury. Tylko paliwa płynne będą w stanie zaspokoić przyszłościowe potrzeby transportu. Do ich wytworzenia wykorzystywana będzie jednak energia ze źródeł o zerowej emisji CO2, jak na przykład baterie słoneczne, czy farmy wiatrowe.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 4; 3-15
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A computational software program for determining the combustion temperatures of solid fuels
Autorzy:
Kowalik, M.
Boryca, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
combustion of solid fuels
combustion temperature
computational software
program
Opis:
The combustion temperature is one of parameters influencing the efficiency of combustion process. The analytical, model and design calculations of processes related to fuel combustion and heat exchange intensity require the combustion temperature to be correctly determined. These are, however, complex, and, as a consequence, burdensome and time-consuming requirements. Developing an appropriate software program will considerably streamline the calculation procedure. Based on analytical relationships for the combustion process, a computational software program has been developed within this study, which enables the determination of the calorimetric, theoretical and actual combustion temperatures of solid fuels.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2013, 7, 18; 60-67
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dual - fuel low power generator with diesel engine using alternative fuels
Autorzy:
Imiołek, M.
Piętak, A.
Imiołek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
alternative fuels
diesel engine
dual-fuel engine
biofuels
Opis:
At the moment, there is a growing interest in low-power generating units in dispersed system. The production of energy in small units located in the vicinity of the energy recipients offers considerable benefits. First and foremost, it lowers the cost of energy production and the cost of its transfer and also makes the recipient independent from the domestic supplier. Small cogeneration aggregates will facilitate the use of energy from dispersed renewable resources. Gas self-ignition engines in cogeneration system powered with biofuels can be used in construction industry as ecological sources of heat and electrical energy, limiting the need for fossil fuels. This paper presents the possibility of using alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. It describes the possibility of using liquid biofuels separately or natural gas fuel to power diesel engines in dual fuel system. The conception of supplying low-power generator with diesel engine with natural gas to a dose of liquid biofuels test case. Pointed to the factors determining the desirability of a particular concept. Indicated the modification of the engine power to supply the natural gas generator with a dose of liquid biofuels. New technologies of extracting and using biofuels and alternative fuels are being introduced and developed for generating heat and electric energy. Studies on the use of gas and liquid alternative fuels are directly linked to research on the production of renewable and alternative energy as well as environment protection by minimizing emissions of toxic substances into the atmosphere.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 171-176
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ecological and Financial Effects of Coal-Fired Boiler Replacement with Alternative Fuels
Autorzy:
Proszak, Danuta
Rabczak, Sławomir
Rybak-Wilusz, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124097.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
alternative fuels
coal-fired boiler
biomass
Opis:
Nowadays, much attention is paid to the elimination of heat sources poisoning our environment. The air pollution is the most dangerous form of pollution of the environment, due to its direct impact on all living organisms, coverage of large areas and easy movement of pollutants. Therefore, air protection is one of the priority directions of each voivodeship. Hence, many programmes are being developed to promote the replacement of the old heating devices with the new ones and the installation of renewable energy conversion devices. There is no doubt that the equipment which emits the most harmful compounds into the atmosphere includes the old boilers fired with coal, wood or wood chips. In winter, chimneys with black circular smoke are a frequent sight. This problem can only be solved by connecting houses to the public heating network or by removing the old stoves. In this publication, an analysis of the profitability of boiler replacement with coal was carried out in terms of the material and environmental benefits. It is proposed to replace this boiler with a pellet boiler, an eco-pea boiler and a gas condensing boiler. The boilers were selected on the basis of the calculated thermal output, which is equal to 18.56 kW.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 1; 1-7
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mieszalnik paliw stałych
Mixer for solid fuels
Autorzy:
Wycisk, A.
Klimanek, K.
Robak, J. A.
Robak, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2070502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
paliwa
muł węglowy
biomasa
mieszanie
fuels
slime coal
biomass
mixing
Opis:
Przedstawiono konstrukcję mieszałnika do sporządzania mieszanek pałiw stałych z miałów, mułów węgłowych i biomasy. Dobre wymieszanie użytych komponentów pozwała otrzymać pałiwo dobrej jakości, o wysokim stopniu jednorodności. Potwierdzone to zostało badaniami sprawności mieszania w mieszałniku w różnych wariantach technicznych i warunkach eksploatacyjnych.
A construction of mixer for preparation of sohd fuels mixtures from fine and slime coa!s and from biomass is presented. Good mixing of components permits to receive good quality fuel with a high degree of homogeneity. This was confirmed during investigations on mixing ef-ficiency in different technical and working conditions.
Źródło:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2009, 4; 136-137
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
IT Solutions as an Important Instrument for Enhancing Competitiveness of the Logistics of Liquid Fuels in Poland
Autorzy:
Weremij, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/503974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowa Wyższa Szkoła Logistyki i Transportu
Tematy:
IT Solutions
liquid fuels
logistics
ADR transport
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present an innovative IT solution for monitoring transport in the process of fuel distribution, which was implemented in Lotos Paliwa in January 2013. Hardware and software requirements of the system, as well as the functional and task-oriented structure were described in the article. In contrast to other standard applications supporting the management of liquid fuel supply chain, it is a unique solution which considerably contributes to a significant reduction of the levels of losses and extraordinarily increases the safety and quality of delivered goods. It is a tool which may become an important source of competitive edge during stagnation in the market of fuels.
Źródło:
Logistics and Transport; 2015, 25, 1; 25-32
1734-2015
Pojawia się w:
Logistics and Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane aspekty trwałości paliw alternatywnych
Some aspects of durability of alternative fuels
Autorzy:
Uzdowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/315393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
silniki spalinowe
paliwa alternatywne
zasilanie paliwem
combustion engines
alternative fuels
fuel feed
Opis:
W artykule poruszono zagadnienia trwałości paliw silnikowych i zmiany ich parametrów w zależności od okresu przechowywania. Problematyka trwałości dotyczy szczególnie nowych rodzajów paliw z zastosowaniem dodatków pochodzenia roślinnego.
In the abstract the possibilities are shown issues permanence motor fuels and their parameters in dependence from save keeping. The topic of permanence affect especially a new kind of motor fuels with apply withal plant extraction.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2012, 13, 4; 183-187
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combustion of coal-mule briquettes
Spalanie brykietów z mułu węglowego
Autorzy:
Kijo-Kleczkowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/219214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
brykiety paliwowe
mechanizm i kinetyka reakcji spalania
współspalanie paliw
wizualizacja procesu spalania paliw
briquettes of fuels
mechanism and kinetics of combustion reaction
co-combustion of fuels
visualization of fuels combustion process
Opis:
Combustion technologies coal-mule fuels create a number of new possibilities for organising combustion processes so that they fulfil contemporary requirements (e.g., in terms of the environment protection- related issues). The paper describes the problems of coal-mule fuel combustion that have acquired a wider significance as the quality requirements of coal combustion in power plants have been growing. Coal mines that want to fulfill expectations of power industry workers have been forced to develop and modernize plants of coal wet cleaning. It all results in the growing amount of waste arising in the process of coal wet cleaning which contains smaller and smaller coal undersizes. In this situation the concept of direct combustion of the above mentioned waste and their co-combustion with other fuels, coal and biomass, seems to be attractive. Biomass is one from the most promising sources of renewable energy. The main aim of the paper is to identify the mechanism and kinetics of combustion of coal-mule fuels and their co- -combustion with coal and biomass in the briquettes form based on extensive experimental research in air.
Niekorzystny bilans paliwowy naszego kraju powoduje nadmierne obciążenie środowiska, wywołane emisją CO2, NOx, SO2 i pyłów, a także powiększeniem powierzchni koniecznych na składowanie wciąż narastających stałych odpadów paleniskowych. Górnictwo, od którego energetyka oczekuje coraz lepszego paliwa, musi stosować głębsze wzbogacanie węgla. Powoduje to ciągłą produkcję odpadów w postaci mułów poflotacyjnych. Najlepszą metodą utylizacji tych mułów jest ich spalanie w postaci zawiesin, a także ich współspalanie z innymi paliwami, węglem czy biomasą. Biomasa jest bowiem jednym z najbardziej obiecujących źródeł OZE, a jej współspalanie z paliwami węglowymi znajduje w ostatnich latach coraz szersze zastosowanie zarówno w kraju, jak i na świecie. W tej sytuacji istotne jest prowadzenie badań naukowych, mających na celu identyfikację przebiegu procesu spalania paliw, utworzonych nie tylko z mułów poflotacyjnych, ale również z mieszaniny mułów węglowych oraz pyłów węgla i biomasy. Niniejsza praca podejmuje mechanizm i kinetykę spalania oraz współspalania wspomnianych paliw w postaci brykietów, prowadzonego w strumieniu powietrza.
Źródło:
Archives of Mining Sciences; 2013, 58, 3; 617-628
0860-7001
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Mining Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elemental analysis as an important tool for fuels and biofuels quality control
Autorzy:
Faber, J.
Brodzik, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132904.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
fuels
biofuels
FAME
elemental composition
ICP-OES
paliwa
biopaliwa
skład elementarny
Opis:
Article presents normalized analytical methods for determination of elements in fuels and biofuels with emphasis on inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and their advantages and disadvantages. Analytical procedure applied for determination of 20 elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Sn, Ti, V and Zn) is described with elements of validation. Broad range of elemental analysis results of fuels (B0, B7 and B10) and pure FAME samples are described. Typical contents of selected elements are presented which allows discussion on the domestic fuel quality in regard to non-standardized parameters and their potential effect on combustion engines performance.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 4; 140-144
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Abandoning Fossil Fuels and the Development of Renewable Energy on the Global Labor Market
Autorzy:
Piwowarska, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/8898274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
employee
fossil fuels
employment
renewable energy
labor market
Opis:
The impact of abandoning fossil fuels and the development of renewable energy on the global labor market is aimed at presenting the issue that affects now or in the near future most of the world’s economies (plants extracting fossil deposits and cooperating with them large enterprises and international corporations) in the field of correlation with environmental protection. The above is being realized, among others by departing in the next 20 years from the policy of extracting fossil fuels, especially coal, and is related to the use and development of renewable energy. This has a significant impact on the legal status of employees and employer. The departure from the extraction of fossil fuels will result in a sudden wave of mass layoffs around the world, including in Poland, and economic migrations, so now it is necessary to prepare an action plan for the next decades in terms of retraining employees and other possible forms of their professional activation, in the new realities of the labor market. In addition, there is a need to regulate possible ways of using renewable energy in people’s work, also in the context of the development of new technologies and their use in the work process. The development of the above should already result in the training of employees in new industries and create conditions for companies promoting the fight against global warming. It is important to deepen the study of the relationship between labor law and environmental protection law, which at the moment is unjustifiably downplayed, while in a dozen / several dozen years it will have a huge impact on human life, because climate change (and “currently” the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic) are already causing a lockdown in the world labor market. There is an absolute need to identify potential problems, adopt appropriate policies and action plans, and then successively implement them, e.g. for the transition to a low-carbon economy, but without much prejudice to the employment market and global unemployment. In this context, a coherent policy of the EU and international organizations will be important, including ILO, in order to ensure environmental and social order in employment relations, in the new reality of the 1950s, the 21st century. Conclusion de lege ferenda drawn after the above-mentioned research will be aimed at presenting potential opportunities for Poland and the world in terms of the new and employment policy.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2023, 32, 1; 103-136
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena właściwości trakcyjnych samochodu ciężarowego z silnikiem zasilanym paliwami alternatywnymi
Evaluation traction properties of truck-engined alternative fuels
Autorzy:
Lisowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/310879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
samochody ciężarowe
paliwa alternatywne
trucks
alternative fuels
Opis:
W artykule omówiona została problematyka dotycząca właściwości ruchowych samochodu ciężarowego z silnikiem zasilanym paliwami pochodzenia roślinnego i ich mieszaninami z olejem napędowym. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie badań symulacyjnych właściwości trakcyjnych samochodu Star 1142 z silnikiem 359.
The article discusses the issues concerning the properties of motor vehicle with an engine powered by fuels of vegetable origin and their blends with diesel. The analysis was based on simulation research car features traction-engine Star 1142 359th.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2012, 13, 4; 92-97
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prognosis of marine propulsion plants development in view of new requirements concerning marine fuels
Autorzy:
Cwilewicz, R.
Górski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
low sulphur marine fuels
ecological propulsion of seagoing ships
Opis:
Corrected VI Annex to MARPOL Convention requires from January 1st 2015 the use of low sulphur fuels on seagoing ships. The target of requirement is reduction of environment harmful substances in exhaust gases coming from marine fuels combustion. Areas of sea trade are divided into two zones: special Sulphur Oxide Emission Control Areas (SECA) for example Baltic Sea and areas outside SECA. On SECA sea areas the contents of sulphur in marine fuel should not excess 0.1% and on outside SECA the same is 3.5%. In the future i.e. from January 1st 2020, the maximum contents of sulphur in marine fuels on outside SECA areas should be 0.5%. These requirements create serious problems for ship owners operating worldwide. The first problem is considerable higher price of low sulphur fuels, which affects operational costs of fleet. The second problem is adaptation of ship engines to be fuelled with low sulphur fuels. At present, the heavy fuel oils being in common use on ships does not fulfil environ protection requirements. As a result, the use of new grades of marine fuels becomes necessity to fulfil environment protection requirements as well as price requirements to keep merchant fleet operation profitable. The wide use of “ecological fuel” i.e. natural gas as marine fuel is expected. The type of ship propulsion plant, which can be used in the future, will effect on the course of marine energetic plants development. The development of hybrid propulsion, electric propulsion, diesel engines fuelled with natural gas and turbine propulsion driven by natural gas. The paper includes proposal of combined turbine propulsion plant fuelled with natural gas, which according to authors can be leading type of marine propulsion plants in the future.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 61-68
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental testing of influence of commercial depressants on diesel fuels low temperature properties
Autorzy:
Baczewski, K.
Szczawiński, P.
Kamińska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
engine fuels
diesel fuel
low temperature properties
depressants
Opis:
The types and action mechanism of depressant additions, which improves the properties of diesel fuels in low temperatures, were presented. The results of a sixteen different depressants influence on cloud point (CP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of diesel fuels ONA without additions are given in following elaborate. The depressants were applied to samples of diesel fuel in concentration between 500 and 5000 ppm. The present paper shows correlation of diesel fuels ONA CFPP and ΔCFPP depression between depressants concentration. Only a part from the tested depressant additions has a significant impact on diesel fuel cloud filter plugging point at concentration recommended by their manufacturers. Moreover, some of the additions do not decrease the CFPP value. The depressants can be divided into three groups by their effectiveness: first, the ones which decreases greatly the CFPP (from 3 to 11 degrees) by adding only small amount of them (500 ppm), second, with almost no influence on CFPP values in smaller amounts (500 ppm) but reducing CFPP values in larger quantities (to 5000 ppm), third, with no influence on diesel fuels ONA CFPP even in large concentration. In conclusion, lowering the CFPP value depends on the kind of depressant and its concentration in diesel fuel and not on the diesel hydrocarbon composition with addition up to 7% of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME).
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 1; 7-14
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Using of non-conventional fuels in hybrid vehicle drives
Autorzy:
Barta, D.
Mruzek, M.
Kendra, M.
Kordos, P.
Krzywonos, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
hybrid drive
alternative fuels
CO2 emission
simulation
Opis:
Electric or hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly common on roads. While electric vehicles are still more or less intended for city traffic, hybrid vehicles allow normal use due to wider driving range. The use of internal combustion engines in hybrid drives is still an inspiration to find the way to reduce the production of emissions. Numbers of alternative energy resources were studied as a substitution of conventional fuels for hybrid vehicles drives worldwide. The paper deals with the possibility of using alternative fuels as CNG, LPG and LNG in combination with hybrid drive of a midibus with the capacity of 20 passengers. Various aspects and techniques of hybrid vehicles from energy management system, propulsion system and using of various alternative fuels are explored in this paper. Other related fields of hybrid vehicles such as changes of vehicle weight or influence of electric energy sources on the total vehicle emission production are also included.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2016, 10, 32; 240-247
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości wykorzystania paliw alternatywnych w Polsce
Possibilities for application of alternative fuels in Poland
Autorzy:
Nowak, M.
Szul, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska
Tematy:
alternative fuels
gasification
waste management
paliwa alternatywne
zgazowanie
gospodarka odpadami
Opis:
The article presents possibilities for application of alternative fuels in Poland. Terms such as alternative fuel, its physical and chemical characteristics and application in cement and power plants have been described in details. Presented work also considers current legislation concerning waste management, production of alternative fuels as well as the amount of alternative fuels produced per voivodship in Poland. Utilization of alternative fuels in one of available thermochemical conversion technologies, i.e. a gasification of SRF in GazEla reactor has been presented.
W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania paliw alternatywnych w Polsce. Zdefiniowano pojęcie paliwo alternatywne, jego właściwości fizyko-chemiczne oraz możliwości wykorzystania w cementowniach i przemyśle energetycznym. Przedstawiono również akty prawne dotyczące gospodarki odpadami, producentów paliw alternatywnych oraz ilości wytworzonych paliw w polskich województwach. Autorzy artykułu opisali również instalację zgazowania z reaktorem GazEla, która jest przykładem termicznego przekształcania paliw alternatywnych.
Źródło:
Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska; 2016, 18, 1; 33-44
1733-4381
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Discussion on the methodology of the lubricity determination of diesel fuels, containing non petroleum components
Autorzy:
Dzięgielewski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
CI engine
CI fuels
non-petroleum fuel components
fuel tribochemical characteristics
Opis:
The paper describes the usability of current test methods employed in fuels for CI engines testing for fuels containing non-petroleum components. The paper describes test results that justify the necessity for test method modification and for establishing new criteria for assessment of such fuels usability. The analysis covered typical courses of friction coefficient and electrical contact potential as film thickness during test. During standard test the wear stages were isolated, and then referenced to actual operation of friction pair in fuel supply system of diesel engine. Test results show that methodology used up to date is not useful. The restriction to standard corrected wear scar diameter (WS 1.4) is not enough for proper interpretation of course and effects of model wear. Moreover, it is impossible to reference to actual operation conditions, which is inconsistent with tribological testing rules. Such rules mean that testing conditions reflect the actual ones as much as possible. Characteristics of test technique using HFRR, discussion on test method usability for testing the modified fuels, lubricity change vs. the increase of concentration of hydrocarbons typical for biohydrocarbons from Fischer-Tropsch process, comparison of changes of friction coefficient and lubrication film thickness for samples are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 41-47
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lubricity additives for motor fuels
Dodatki smarnościowe do paliw silnikowych
Autorzy:
Wojtyniak, M.
Olszewski, W.
Wronka, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/312278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
lubricity
fuels
lubricity enhancers
boundary lubrication
smarność
paliwa
dodatki smarnościowe
tarcie graniczne
Opis:
The paper describes the origin of insufficient lubricity properties of motor fuels, the essence of the problem and laboratory test methods applied to determine fuel lubricity. Ways applied by fuel industry to enhance lubricity are presented. There was also carried out a patent analysis concerning lubricity additives and fuel compositions. The anti-wear behavior of lubricity enhancers, their types and possible undesirable effects were described.
W artykule opisano genezę problemu smarności paliw silnikowych, jego istotę oraz metody badania właściwości smarnych. Przedstawiono sposoby podwyższania smarności paliw stosowane w przemyśle petrochemicznym. Dokonano również analizy literatury patentowej w tym zakresie. Omówiono mechanizm działania dodatków smarnościowych, ich rodzaje oraz możliwe działania niepożądane.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2018, 19, 12; 720-723
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Standaryzacja jakości paliw z odpadów
Quality assurance measures for secondary fuels from solid wastes
Autorzy:
Szpadt, R.
Sebastian, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/236574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
Tematy:
odpady
paliwo zastępcze
cementownia
solid wastes
secondary fuels
cement mills
Opis:
Omówiono problematykę standaryzacji jakości paliw z odpadów wykorzystywanych w cementowniach, które są obecnie ich głównym odbiorcą. W oparciu o przegląd rodzaju i właściwości paliw z odpadów, wykorzystywanych w znacznych ilościach w cementowniach zagranicznych, zaproponowano klasyfikację tych paliw wg kilku priorytetów (konsystencja, wartość opałowa, zawartość czynników szkodliwych). Z porównania przeanalizowanych danych wynika, że wymagania stawiane paliwom w różnych cementowniach są zróżnicowane, tak pod względem minimalnej wartości opałowej, jak i zawartości składników szkodliwych. Odpady, jako paliwa zastępcze (alternatywne), o niewłaściwej charakterystyce energetycznej i chemicznej, mogą zakłócać proces wypału klinkieru przez obniżenie jego temperatury, powodując pogorszenie jakości cementu. Kontrola jakości odpadów dopuszczonych do spalania przez ich użytkowników, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do składników szkodliwych, może być bardzo uciążliwa i kosztowna. Cementownie chętnie więc będą stosować paliwa zastępcze o określonych standardach, przygotowane przez profesjonalnych producentów, gwarantujących ich skład chemiczny i właściwości paliwowe. Zaproponowana metodyka standaryzacji przyczyni się do rozwoju przetwarzania odpadów w paliwa oraz ułatwi korzystanie z tych paliw, a zwłaszcza uzyskiwanie zezwoleń na stosowanie paliw z odpadów w celu odzysku energii.
The processing and reuse of single and mixed wastes as secondary fuels requires strict measures to be taken because of the potential emissions of pollutants. And this includes quality assurance not only for secondary fuels from mixed wastes, but also for single wastes that are in use as fuel substitutes. The formulation of strict quality assurance measures will primarily enhance the processing of solid wastes for their utilization as secondary fuels. Such regulations will also be of benefit to the users, especially to those applying for a licence to make use of secondary fuels for energy recovery. The objective of our study was to establish the quality assurance scheme for waste-derived fuels used in cement mills (which are now the main buyers of these products). Based on an overview of the types and properties of the secondary fuels used in large amounts by the cement mills in different countries, a classification was proposed, which involved the following criteria: consistence, calorific value and content of hazardous components. A comparison of relevant data showed that the demands made on these fuels differed from one cement mill to another. This holds both for the minimal calorific value and for the hazardous components. When used as substitute fuel, wastes of inadequate energy efficiency and chemical parameters may seriously disturb the clinker burning process by decreasing its temperature, thus abating the quality of the cement. Quality assurance for the wastes to be used as fuels, especially the one pertaining to the hazardous components, is troublesome and expensive. Cement mills will therefore give preference to secondary fuels with quality assurance certificates, made by professionals capable of assuring an appropriate chemical composition and adequate calorific values.
Źródło:
Ochrona Środowiska; 2003, R. 25, nr 1, 1; 31-38
1230-6169
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekologiczne paliwa węglowe
Ecological coal based fuels
Autorzy:
Stelmach, Sławomir
Sobolewski, Aleksander
Ignasiak, Karina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841057.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
ekologiczne paliwa węglowe
paliwo niskoemisyjne
paliwo bezdymne
ecological fossil fuels
low-emission fuel
smokeless fuel
Opis:
W artykule scharakteryzowano ekologiczne paliwa węglowe pod kątem Rozporządzenia Ministra Energii z dnia 27.09.2018 w sprawie wymagań jakościowych dla paliw stałych oraz efektu ekologicznego w postaci obniżonej emisja zanieczyszczeń do atmosfery podczas procesu spalania. Przedstawiono klasyczne metody produkcji ekologicznych paliw węglowych opartych na procesach mechanicznych jak i powstałych w wyniku termicznej przeróbki węgla kamiennego (niskoemisyjne paliwa bezdymne). Analizie poddano zarówno ekologiczne paliwa węglowe dostępne na rynku, jak i aktualnie opracowywane w ramach prac B+R oraz wdrożeniowych.
The article characterizes ecological fossil fuels in terms of the Regulation of the Minister of Energy of 27.09.2018 on the quality requirements for solid fuels and the ecological effect in the form of reduced emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during the combustion process. Standard methods of producing ecological fossil fuels based on mechanical and thermal processing of hard coal (low-emission smokeless fuels) were presented. The analysis included both ecological fossil fuels available on the market and those currently being developed as part of R&D and implementation works.
Źródło:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji; 2020, 9, 2; 37-47
2391-9361
Pojawia się w:
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An effect of physical and chemical properties of commercial diesel fuels on engine parameters
Autorzy:
Sroka, Z. J.
Reksa, M.
Kułażyński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engine
diesel engine
engine fuels engine performances
Opis:
This paper is focused on problem of quality of diesel commercial fuels in Polish market and an effect of their properties as well on engine parameters as environment The academic staff from Wrocław University of Technology put the own experience to the huge discussion by making research in the Wroclaw-city, where some probes of fuels were taken from six different commercial fuel stations. Chemical and physical properties of fuels were checked. A real diesel engine VW 1,9 TDI was investigated in university lab of Division of Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines. Typical engine performances were built including power, torque, fuel consumption, toxicity levels due to different fuels. The IC engine on the test bench, oxygen content in fuels, example of full load performance of VW1,9 TDI for fuel Bio D20-type, differences of mean effective pressure for different fuels, differences of carbon monoxide in exhaust for different fuels, differences of nitric oxides in exhaust for different fuels, differences of smog level in exhaust for different fuels, differences of heat release for different fuels, relation between engine torque and oxygen content in fuels vs. engine rotation are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 447-452
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of different vehicles driyen by alternative fuels and hybrid driveline focusing on emission, efficiency and economy
Autorzy:
Pezsa, N.
Szabó, B.
Trencseni, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
hybrid vehicles
alternative fuels
payback time
Opis:
Air pollution is becoming an important issue in big towns, inparticular in city centres, where the density of traffic is high. Both, passenger cars and commercial vehicles are responsible for air quality. In the last decades more and more transportation companies changed their conventional vehicles into any kind of alternative vehicles. The aim of this paper is to investigate the economic and environmental effects of introducing alternative fuels and power trains in cargo vans. All of the simulated vehicles were equipped with internal combustion engines, but they are operating with different fuels. Gasoline, methane, ethanol and hydrogen fuels are used in these engine models. Conventional and hybrid powertrains are compared too. Only the gasoline fuelled engine is simulated with hybrid driveline besides the conventional ones. Both micro- and full-hybrid vehicles are modelled. Instead of dynamical analysis we focused on efficiency and emission therefore tests drive cycles were simulated. There were cycles defined by standards, like NEDC drive cycle. An individual cycle was recorded on a given route at different times of the day; the vehicle was driven along the planned path and the speed profile was recorded. As a result we could compare the different vehicles from the point of view of emission, fuel consumption and efficiency. In order to validate the simulation results laboratorial measurements were carried out. We also aimed at developing a business model capable ofanalysing the economical effects of alternative fuel and powertrain use. Generally it can be stated that the application of any alternative technology means additional costs (investment) at the beginning for the user. The investment is just worth the money if lower operational costs can be achieved. Achieved savings were calculated with our model and a sensitivity analysis was also performed.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 3; 301-309
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of unburnt hydrocarbon emissions for diesel engines fueled by diesel oil and rapeseed fuel
Autorzy:
Rusin, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
CI internal combustion engines
motor fuels
alternative fuels
toxic exhaust emissions
Opis:
The article presents the results of the of the HC emissions composition for the compression ignition - diesel engine fuelled with rapeseed fuel (a mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids - RSME). The investigations were conducted on a turbocharged, four-cylinder compression-ignition engine type T370 (of 80 hW power at 2400 rpm engine speed and maximum torque of 400 Nm at 1440 rpm engine speed, with bore/stroke 110 mm /l20 mm, displacement volume 4560 cm3, compression ratio 17). For the exhaust toxicity investigations the eauipment of Signal and AVL companies was used, and for composition of nonregulated hydrocarbons emissions investigations the Hewlett Packard Company chromatograph type HP-5890II was used. The investigations were conducted under engine full load at maximum torque speed and for engine rotational speed of the rated power. Chromatographic test for emissions were collected using special equipment and special procedures. The article presents the results of chromatographic investigations focusedon: benzene, toluene and acetaldehyde. It was found that the percentage of emission of individual components in the total emissions of HC was independent of the fuel used. However, due to the fact that in the case of rape fuel, emission of unburned HC was smaller and smaller were the absolute amounts of emissions components. Thus, emissions from combustion of rape fuel are less harmful than emissions from the engine fuelled with diesel oil.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 549-555
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonometryczny model zużycia paliw ciekłych
Econometric model of country consumption of liquid fuels
Autorzy:
Kwilosz, Tadeusz
Filar, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835073.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
rynek paliw ciekłych
model ekonometryczny
prognozowanie
liquid fuels market
econometric model
forecasting
Opis:
Jednym z priorytetowych zagadnień dla państwa jest zapewnienie stabilnego rozwoju gospodarczego, który jest ściśle związany z bezpieczeństwem energetycznym kraju. Problem zagwarantowania bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski staje się bardzo istot- ny z powodu dużego importu ropy naftowej i gotowych produktów. W 2017 roku przerób ropy naftowej przez rafinerie krajowe wyniósł 26,8 mln ton. Krajowe wydobycie ropy naftowej w 2017 roku wynosiło około 1 mln ton i stanowiło zaledwie 3,7% przerobu. W związku z tym w Polsce występuje bardzo wysoki stopień uzależnienia od importu ropy naftowej, wynoszący 96,3%. Drugi niekorzystny czynnik zwiększający ryzyko związane z dostawami ropy naftowej do Polski to bardzo duże uzależnienie od jednego kierunku dostaw (Paliński i Łucki, 2006). Zgodnie z publikacją Polskiej Organizacji Przemysłu i Handlu Naftowego (POPiHN) aż 81,4% importu ropy naftowej pochodzi z Rosji. W sytuacji tak dużego uzależnienia od jednego kierunku dostaw bardzo istotne staje się zgromadzenie rezerw interwencyjnych ropy naftowej i produktów naftowych, gwarantujących dostawy przez wymagane 90 dni. W związku z tym, że budowa magazynów paliw ciekłych trwa co najmniej 2–3 lata, odpowiednie prace analityczne powinny wyprzedzać prace budowlane również co najmniej o kilka lat. W zaprezentowanym artykule przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania zbudowanego modelu matematycznego służącego do prognozowania zużycia paliw w kolejnych latach. Zaprojektowano i skalibrowano w oparciu o wybrany zestaw atrybutów (zmiennych objaśniających) niejednorodny liniowy model ekonometryczny. Dokonano statystycznej weryfikacji oszacowanych parametrów modelu. Do budowy modelu wykorzystano podstawowe wskaźniki makroekonomiczne. Zakres danych historycznych obejmował lata 2000–2017. Ze względu na dużą liczbę kombinacji, jaką należy przebadać dla każdego z modeli (217 − 1) opisane wyżej algorytmy zostały zaimplementowane w postaci programu komputerowego, za pomocą którego dokonano niezbędnych obliczeń.
Ensuring the stable development of the country is one of the most important tasks facing the government. The stable development of the country is closely related to its energy security. The problem of ensuring Poland’s energy security becomes very important due to the large import of crude oil and liquid fuels. In 2017, the refining of crude oil by domestic refiners amounted to 26.8 million tones. Domestic crude oil production in 2017 amounted to approximately 1 million tons and accounted for only 3.7% of processing. Therefore, in Poland there is a high dependence on crude oil imports (96.3%). The second unfavorable factor increasing the risk of crude oil supplies to Poland lies in the very large dependence on one direction of supply (Paliński and Łucki, 2006). According to POPiHN, up to 81.4% of crude oil imports come from Russia. In the situation of such a large dependence on one direction of supply, it becomes very important to collect emergency reserves of crude oil and petroleum products, guaranteeing deliveries for the required 90 days. Due to the fact that the construction of liquid fuel storage facilities lasts at least 2–3 years, appropriate analytical works should precede the construction works also at least by several years. The article presents the results of the application of the mathematical model used to predict fuel consumption in subsequent years. A non-uniform linear econometric model was designed and calibrated based on a selected set of attributes (explanatory variables). A statistical verification of estimated model parameters was carried out. Basic macroeconomic indicators have been used to build the model. The historical data covered the years 2000–2017. Due to the large number of combinations to be tested for each of the models (217 − 1), the algorithms described above were implemented in the form of a computer program which was used to make all the necessary calculations.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2019, 75, 7; 404-412
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Means of transport and distribution system of aviation fuels in state aviation
Autorzy:
Wojdat, Czesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/197800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
state aviation
aviation fuels
distribution
means of transport
lotnictwo państwowe
paliwa lotnicze
dystrybucja
środki transportu
Opis:
The provision of quality fuels to the aircraft requires compliance with a number of procedures during the transport, storage and distribution processes. Depending on the needs and organisational conditions, the air fuel distribution process is carried out using various types of transport means. The operational procedures and specificity of the functioning of the Armed Forces and other public law enforcement entities require the use of various construction and technological solutions allowing the efficient functioning of state aviation. The means of transport should not only ensure the appropriate quality of aviation fuel delivered to the aircraft but also enables the delivery of appropriate fuel practically to any place where it is required by the specific activities of particular services or aviation types units of the Armed Forces. This paper presents specific types of transport and distribution means used in state aviation and attempts to select features that determine their suitability for particular types of state aviation.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2019, 104; 177-185
0209-3324
2450-1549
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of alternative fuels in the cement industry as part of circular economy
Autorzy:
Uliasz-Bocheńczyk, Alicja
Deja, Jan
Mokrzycki, Eugeniusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073804.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
wastes
biomass
recovery
alternative fuels
cement plants
circular economy
Opis:
The alternative waste fuels have a significant share in the fuel mix of the cement industry in Poland. The conditions inside cement kilns are favorable enough for environmentally-friendly use of waste fuels. In the article, the authors discuss the current situation concerning the use of alternative fuels in Poland, from difficult beginning in the 1990s to the present time, different kinds of fuels, and the amounts of used fuels. The use of fuels in Poland is presented against the global and EU consumption (including Central European countries and companies). The increased use of waste-derived fuels, from the level of about 1% at the end of the 1990s to the present level of about 70%, allowed for the limitation of waste storage, including avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions and consumption of conventional energy sources; those effects also contributed to the implementation of the sustainable development and circular economy conceptions. The experiences of the cement plants worldwide prove that the use of waste fuels is ecological and economical. The examples showed in the article confirm that cement plants are greatly interested in using waste fuels from waste, as they invest in the infrastructure allowing to store bigger amounts of waste and dose them more efficiently. Thus, the cement industry has become an important element of the country’s energy economy and waste management system.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2021, 47, 4; 109--117
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekonomiczne i ekologiczne przesłanki stosowania paliw alternatywnych
Economic and ecological rationale for use of alternative fuels
Autorzy:
Uzdowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/315391.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
paliwa alternatywne
zasilanie paliwem
silniki spalinowe
alternative fuels
fuel feed
combustion engines
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane aspekty w zakresie perspektywy zastosowania paliw alternatywnych do zasilania tłokowych silników spalinowych.
The paper presents selected aspects of the prospects for alternative fuels to power internal combustion engines.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2012, 13, 4; 179-182
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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