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Tytuł:
Synchrotron Radiation Induced X-Ray Emission - SRIXE
Autorzy:
Kwiatek, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920883.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.70.En
87.15.Mi
Opis:
The synchrotron radiation induced X-ray emission (SRIXE) technique was found very useful and sensitive for determination of trace elements content and distribution in different types of materials. Due to properties of synchrotron radiation the SRIXE technique became very unique and powerful for trace elements analysis. This paper describes the phenomena related to production of characteristic X-rays and principles of the method. The properties of SRIXE such as minimum detectable limit, spatial resolution, radiation damage, and depth sensitivity are also discussed. Selected applications are given to emphasize the usefulness of the technique.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1992, 82, 2; 263-271
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Amorphous Bi-Ge-S(Se) Systems Studied by X-Ray Ge K Emission and Absorption Bands
Autorzy:
Drahokoupil, J.
Drbohlav, I.
Polčik, M.
Tichý, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931701.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.70.Dm
Opis:
The X-ray Ge K absorption (emission) bands were measured in the stoichiometric glass system (GeS$\text{}_{2}$)$\text{}_{x}$(Bi$\text{}_{2}$S$\text{}_{3}$)$\text{}_{1-x}$ (x = 0 ÷ 0.5) and in the Ge$\text{}_{20}$Bi$\text{}_{y}$Se$\text{}_{80-y}$ system (y = 0, 7 and 13). The results do not confirm the existence of the Ge-Bi bond and they imply that the GeS$\text{}_{2}$-clusters are formed in both studied systems.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1994, 86, 5; 721-726
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of Photoelectron Emission Yield from Layered Structures in Presence of Resonance-Enhanced X-Ray Propagation Effect
Autorzy:
Pełka, J. B.
Lagomarsino, S.
Cedola, A.
Di Fonzo, S.
Jark, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963396.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
68.65.+g
78.20.-e
Opis:
In this work we present the new experimental results of total photoelectric yield as well as energy distribution of photoelectrons excited in a thin carbon film deposited on Ni mirror in the presence of resonance-enhanced X-ray propagation effect. The measurements were performed using conventional X-ray tube as a radiation source for the energy Cu K$\text{}_{α}$ (8047 keV). The spectra were recorded using a flow proportional electron counter with energy resolution of about 15%, and multichannel pulse height analyzer. A comparison with the reflectivity spectra recorded at the same time show an excellent correlation of both kinds of spectra, consistently with the theoretical prediction. A map of electron energy distribution is reported. Although the applied electron counter was of low energetic resolution the recorded spectra show characteristic regularities and indicate that the photoelectron yield excited in the presence of resonance-enhanced X-ray propagation effect can provide depth dependent information about impurity distribution and processes in thin layers.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 91, 5; 851-857
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent progress in 1 MJ Plasma-Focus research
Autorzy:
Scholz, M.
Karpiński, L.
Paduch, M.
Tomaszewski, K.
Miklaszewski, R.
Szydlowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neutron emission
plasma focus
scaling laws
soft X-ray radiation
Opis:
The paper reports on actual operational characteristics of the PF-1000 facility and it presents results of the first neutron experiments performed with a new set of large Mather-type electrodes, which were designed for shots up to 1000 kJ. Dynamics of a current-sheath was studied by means of two high-speed streak cameras and a two-frame camera. The last one was used for the side-on observation of the pinch column. The high-speed streak pictures were taken side-on behind slits oriented in the radial or axial direction. On the basis of the pictures taken behind the radial slit, average values of the radial compression and expansion velocities were estimated. Time-resolved X-ray signals were measured with PIN diodes covered by different filters, and they were compared with other traces (voltage waveforms, dI/dt signals, and neutron-induced pulses) in order to determine their correlation. The total neutron yield (Ytot), i.e. the number of neutrons produced during a single discharge and emitted in various directions, was measured by means of several silver-activation detectors placed at different angles around the PF-1000 experimental chamber.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 35-39
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reproducibility conditions for the pulsed X-ray emission in a vacuum spark discharge
Autorzy:
Georgescu, N.
Serbãnescu, C. G.
Sandolache, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148262.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma focus
reproducibility
vacuum spark
X-ray emission
Opis:
In our laboratory, a 1 kJ vacuum spark device is developed as a pulsed X-ray source for X-ray detector calibration and applications such as X-ray microscopy and microlithography. After our previous works for the X-ray emission maximization (up to around 10 J per pulse), this paper analyses the influence of four different triggering systems on the X-ray emission reproducibility. The main conclusion is that a high-power, very fast high voltage trigger pulse is required. In order to fulfill these conditions, a pulse transformer and an air spark gap have been added to the initial triggering device (a magnetic pulse compression circuit). With the new trigger pulse (20 J/pulse, 50 ns rise-time, 22 kV amplitude in an open circuit) a reasonable X-ray emission reproducibility is obtained.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 17-20
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Time-integrated diagnostics of X-ray emission from PALS and PF 1000 : preliminary results
Autorzy:
Ryć, L.
Krása, J.
Juha, L.
Kaczmarczyk, J.
Paduch, M.
Parys, P.
Tomaszewski, K.
Scholz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148024.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
high-temperature plasma
semiconductor detector
thermoluminescent detector
X-ray diagnostics
Opis:
Thermoluminescent and semiconductor detectors operating in an integrating mode have been applied to the measurement of X-ray flashes of high intensity from large plasma facilities. A detection head of special kind has been developed to perform comparison measurements with the use of the detectors of both kinds.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 41-43
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental study of X-ray emission yield in a Filippov-type Plasma Focus operating in neon and neon-krypton mixture
Autorzy:
Babazadeh, A.
Roshan, M.
Kiai, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Filippov-type plasma focus
gas admixture
X-ray
Opis:
Since the installation of PF-DENA at AEOI about one year ago, we performed quantitative studies of variation of X-ray radiations from a new Filippov-type plasma focus device: Dena (90 kJ, 25 kV, 288 ěF). The operating gas was neon at a constant low pressure of 1 torr and different pressures of krypton admixture (up to 0.3 torr), with the discharge voltage up to 18 kV. For a charging voltage of 17 kV with 41 kJ stored energy and spark gap pressure of 1.2×10-2 torr, the maximum soft and little hard X-ray (SXR-HXR) emission is found for the neon, resulting in a total SXR yield of 2 V/shot measured by silicon semiconductor diode detectors. Concerning the effect of krypton admixture, a maximum intensity of SXR radiation has been observed at low krypton pressure that is about 1 V/shot. At higher pressure, the quantity of the SXR emission decreases down to zero. However, the maximum intensity of the HXR radiation yield in the same pressure range was found to be 2.5 V/shot. By increasing the pressure of krypton up to 0.3 torr, the results show that the krypton admixture gas generally causes, a decrease of the SXR radiation yield down to zero, whereas, the HXR emission yield carries a maximum value at the optimum pressure of krypton that is about 0.1 torr. Nevertheless, the pressure increments of krypton admixture lead to decreasing in the discharge voltage for the maximum X-ray production.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 3; 123-125
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
PF-6 an effective plasma focus as a source of ionizing radiation and plasma streams for application in material technology, biology and medicine
Autorzy:
Gribkov, V.
Dubrovsky, A.
Scholz, M.
Jednorog, S.
Karpiński, L.
Tomaszewski, K.
Paduch, M.
Miklaszewski, R.
Pimenov, V.
Ivanov, L. I.
Dyomina, E. V.
Maslyaev, S. A.
Orlova, M. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147424.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dense plasma focus (DPF)
ion beam
plasma beam
X-ray beams
surface damage
microlithography
radioenzymology
positron emission tomography (PET)
Opis:
A review of results on the design and operation of the new efficient Dense Plasma Focus device PF-6 of medium size (transportable) having bank energy of ca. 7 kJ and possessing a long lifetime is presented. New data on the interaction of the pulsed fast ion beams and dense plasma streams generated at this apparatus with various materials are given. These results are compared with the analogous information received at the biggest facility PF-1000. It is shown that it is possible to have about the same power flux density (in the range of 105 109 W/cm2) in both devices however in different areas. Doses of soft X-rays produced by the device within the resists for the goals of microlithography and micromachining appear to be several times less that it is with the conventional X-ray tube. In biological application of this device, medium- and hard-energy X-rays are exploited in the field of radioenzymology. It was found that the necessary dose producing activation/inactivation of enzymes can be by several orders of magnitude lower if used at a high-power flux density in comparison with those received with isotope sources. In medicine, short-life isotope production for the goals of the positron emission tomography (medicine diagnostics) is possible by means of the fast ions generated within DPF. All these experiments are discussed in the framework of pulsed radiation physics and chemistry in its perfect sense thereto the criteria are formulated.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 1; 55-62
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elemental composition of fly ash: a comparative study using nuclear and related analytical techniques
Skład pierwiastkowy popiołów lotnych: studium przypadku z wykorzystaniem metod nuklearnych i analitycznych
Autorzy:
Eze, C. P.
Fatoba, O.
Madzivire, G.
Ostrovnaya, T. M.
Petrik, L. F.
Frontasyeva, M. V.
Nechaev, A. N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
coal fly ash
epithermal neutron activation analysis
X-ray diffraction
inductively coupled-optical emission spectroscopy
and laser ablation inductively coupled-mass spectroscopy
popioły lotne z węgla
epitermalna neutronowa analiza aktywacyjna
dyfrakcja rentgenowska
optyczna spektroskopia emisyjna indukcyjnie sprzężona
ablacja laserowa indukcyjnie sprzężona ze spektroskopią masową
Opis:
Epithermal neutron activation analysis along with ICP-OES, LA ICP-MS, and XRF were used to determine the elemental composition of coal fly ash from the Malta coal power station in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. A total of 54 major, trace and rare earth elements were obtained by the four analytical techniques. The results were compared and the discrepancies discussed to show the merits and drawbacks of each of the techniques. It was shown that the elemental content of this particular coal fly ash are of the same order as the NIST standard reference material Coal Fly Ash 1633b.
W celu określenia składu pierwiastkowego popiołów lotnych z elektrowni węglowej Malta w prowincji Mpumalanga w Republice Południowej Afryki wykorzystano epitermalną, neutronową analizę aktywacyjną oraz ICP-OES, LA ICP-MS i XRF. Za pomocą czterech techniki analitycznych oznaczono stężenia 54 głównych i śladowych pierwiastków oraz pierwiastków ziem rzadkich. Wyniki porównano, a także opisano różnice pokazujące zalety oraz wady każdej z wykorzystanych metod. Wykazano, że skład pierwiastkowy popiołu lotnego jest porównywalny ze składem standardowego materiału odniesienia NIST Węgiel Popiół Lotny 1633b.
Źródło:
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology; 2013, 18, 1-2; 19-29
2084-4506
Pojawia się w:
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Properties of Particles Emitted from Selected Coal-Fired Heating Plants and Electric Power Stations in Poland : Preliminary Results
Autorzy:
Pastuszka, J.S.
Konieczyński, J.
Talik, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
particulates emission
coal-fired power
heating station
surface chemical composition
X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy
XPS
specific absorption
Opis:
The surface properties of particles emitted from six selected coal-fired power and heating plants in Poland have been studied in this work for the first time. Samples were collected beyond the control systems. Surface composition of the size-distributed particles was obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reflection of the smallest, submicron particles was also measured to calculate their specific/mass absorption. The surface layer of the emitted particles was clearly dominated by oxygen, followed by silicon and carbon. The sum of the relative concentration of these elements was between 85.1% and 91.1% for coarse particles and 71.8–93.4% for fine/submicron particles. Aluminum was typically the fourth or fifth, or at least the sixth most common element. The mass absorption of the submicron particles emitted from the studied plants ranged from 0.02 m2g-1 to 0.03 m2g-1. Only specific absorption obtained for the “Nowy Wirek” heating plant was significantly higher than in other studied plants probably because the obsolete fire grate is used in this heating plant. The obtained results suggest that the power/heating-plant-emitted fine particles contain less carbonaceous material/elemental carbon on their surfaces than those that are typical in urban air.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2014, 40, 3; 13-27
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent measurements of soft X-ray emission from the DPF-1000U facility
Autorzy:
Surała, W.
Sadowski, M. J.
Paduch, M.
Zielinska, E.
Tomaszewski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
plasma focus
X-ray emission
X-ray images
gas puffing
filaments
hot spots
Opis:
Soft X-ray imaging is a very useful diagnostic technique in plasma-focus (PF) experiments. This paper reports results of four experimental sessions which were carried out at the DPF-1000U plasma-focus facility in 2013 and 2014. Over 200 discharges were performed at various experimental conditions. Measurements were taken using two X-ray pinhole cameras with a line of sight perpendicular to the z-axis, at different azimuthal angles (about 20° and 200°), and looking towards the centre of the PF-pinch column. They were equipped with diaphragms 1000 μm or 200–300 μm in diameter and coated with filters of 500 μm Al foil and 10 μm Be foil, respectively. Data on the neutron emission were collected with silver activation counters. For time-resolved measurements the use was made of four PIN diodes equipped with various fi lters and oriented towards the centre of the PF-column, in the direction perpendicular to the electrode axis. The recorded X-ray images revealed that when the additional gas-puff system is activated during the discharge, the stability of the discharge is improved. The data collected in these experiments confi rmed the appearance of a filamentary fi ne structure in the PF discharges. In the past years the formation of such fi laments was observed in many Z-pinch type experiments. Some of the recorded X-ray images have also revealed the appearance of the so-called hot- -spots, i.e. small plasma regions of a very intense X-ray emission. Such a phenomenon was observed before in many PF experiments, e.g. in the MAJA-PF device, but it has not been investigated so far in a large facility such as the DPF-1000U. The time-resolved measurements provided the evidence of a time lapse between the X-ray emission from plasma regions located at different distance from the anode surface. The formation of distinct ‘hot-spots’ in different instants of the DPF-1000U discharge was also observed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 303-308
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurements of fast electron beams and soft X-ray emission from plasma-focus experiments
Autorzy:
Surała, W.
Sadowski, M. J.
Kwiatkowski, R.
Jakubowski, L.
Żebrowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
electron beams
X-ray emission
plasma focus
hot spots
Opis:
The paper reports results of the recent experimental studies of pulsed electron beams and soft X-rays in plasma-focus (PF) experiments carried out within a modifi ed PF-360U facility at the NCBJ, Poland. Particular attention was focused on time-resolved measurements of the fast electron beams by means of two different magnetic analyzers, which could record electrons of energy ranging from about 41 keV to about 715 keV in several (6 or 8) measuring channels. For discharges performed with the pure deuterium fi lling, many strong electron signals were recorded in all the measuring channels. Those signals were well correlated with the fi rst hard X-ray pulse detected by an external scintillation neutron-counter. In some of the analyzer channels, electron spikes (lasting about dozens of nanoseconds) and appearing in different instants after the current peculiarity (so-called current dip) were also recorded. For several discharges, fast ion beams, which were emitted along the z-axis and recorded with nuclear track detectors, were also investigated. Those measurements confi rmed a multibeam character of the ion emission. The time-integrated soft X-ray images, which were taken side-on by means of a pinhole camera and sensitive X-ray fi lms, showed the appearance of some fi lamentary structures and so-called hot spots. The application of small amounts of admixtures of different heavy noble gases, i.e. of argon (4.8% volumetric), krypton (1.6% volumetric), or xenon (0.8% volumetric), decreased intensity of the recorded electron beams, but increased intensity of the soft X-ray emission and showed more distinct and numerous hot spots. The recorded electron spikes have been explained as signals produced by quasi-mono-energetic microbeams emitted from tiny sources (probably plasma diodes), which can be formed near the observed hot spots.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 161-167
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza składu chemicznego i fazowego cienkich warstw metalicznych
Autorzy:
Lukaszkowicz, K.
Staszuk, M.
Nuckowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/274354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Roble
Tematy:
dyfraktometria rentgenowska
XPS
spektroskopia fotoelektronów w zakresie promieniowania X
GDS/GDOES
emisyjna spektroskopia optyczna z wyładowaniem jarzeniowym
cienkie warstwy metaliczne
X-ray diffractometry
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
glow discharge optical emission spectrometry
metallic thin layers
Źródło:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania; 2017, 22, 5; 24-29
1427-5619
Pojawia się w:
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Enlargement of Type II Burst After Type III at AR 12522 on 16th March 2016 In Conjunction With Flare-Related Coronal Mass Ejections Event
Autorzy:
Husien, Nurulhazwani
Hamidi, Z. S.
Shariff, N. N. M.
Ali, M. O.
Zainol, N. H.
Sabri, S. N. U.
Monstein, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Coronal Mass Ejections
Sun
X-ray emission
Opis:
On 16th March 2016 the solar radio burst type II is recorded to appear on spectrograph after the type III formation. These two bursts related to the Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) event that recorded by the SOHO spacecraft several minutes before the formation of Type III on the spectrograph. It has been reported that the Type III burst a fast drift compared to the Type II burst. In this paper, the calculation has been proved that the type III burst has a higher drift rate compared to Type II. These two events of Type II and III burst also has been contributing to the formation of C class flare with magnitude of C2.2 It is also proven that the type III burst has a fast drift rate compared to type II burst. In this case, the type III has a fast drift rate of 81% compared to the type II burst. During this event, the active region AR 12522 erupted the C-class X-ray emission with magnitude of C2.2 contribute to these type III and II burst
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 70, 2; 230-240
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Characterization of Co-Cs-Nd-Sr-Doped Perovskite-Rutile-Type Structure
Autorzy:
Smolinski, T.
Zhao, L.
Rogowski, M.
Wawszczak, D.
Olczak, T.
Brykala, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Synroc
X-ray diffraction
Rutherford backscattering
particle induced X-ray emission
Roentgen computed microtomography
Opis:
The perovskite type matrix is considered as solidification material for high-level radioactive waste. In this work the perovskite-rutile-type matrix doped by Co, Cs, Nd and Sr which simulate nuclear waste was prepared by sol-gel route. The material was characterized by several methods such as: X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and particle induced X-ray emission combined with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The analyzes confirmed chemical composition Co-Cs-Nd-Sr-doped perovskite-rutile-type structure. A virtual model of the pellet`s structure was created non-destructively by Roentgen computed micro-tomography. The leaching tests confirmed high chemical resistance of the matrix.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 4; 1417-1423
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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