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Tytuł:
Foreign Influences on the Language of Cookery in Middle English
Autorzy:
Bator, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076108.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
culinary recipe
multilingualism
foreign influence
Middle English
Opis:
The linguistic situation in the Middle English period was complex, with three languages (Latin, French and English) playing the crucial role depending on such factors as register, medium, context and language user. Latin was the written language of high status, French was the official language both written and spoken, and English was the language of low status used in informal, spoken contexts (see for instance Crespo 2000). Additionally, one should not forget that, apart from the three languages being present in various areas of language, it was in the Middle English period that a great number of Scandinavian loanwords, which had been borrowed after the Scandinavian invasions, surfaced in the written English sources (e.g., Miller 2012; Moskowich 1993). The aim of the proposed paper is to show how the multilingual situation of medieval England has been reflected in the culinary recipes of the 14th and 15th centuries. The recipe has already been analyzed by a number of scholars, for instance Görlach (1992, 2004) or Carroll (1999). They all agree that one of the distinctive features of the text type is the use of verbs (or verbal structures) – an issue already investigated by the present author (see Bator 2013, 2014). In the present paper our attention will be put on the following verbal triplets: ME nym ~ take ~ recipe (= ‘to take’), ME mess ~ serve ~ (a)dress (= ‘to serve’), ME boyle ~ seethe ~ parboile (= ‘to cook’). The analysis is to reveal the differences which arose among the synonyms, such as the semantic shades of meaning of the verbs, or their dialectal distribution. The study is also to reveal whether any of the languages mentioned above dominated the semantic area. The data used for the present research come from a corpus of over 1,500 recipes from the 14th- and 15th-century culinary collections.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2015, 4; 567-584
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ways of Introducing Specialised Terminology in Middle English Medical Recipes
Autorzy:
Sylwanowicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Middle English
medical terminology
medical recipe
Opis:
The aim of the proposed paper is to examine ways of representing medical terminology, in particular names of pharmaceutical preparations, in Middle English medical recipes. The study will attempt to show that formal features of recipes, in particular headings, might be helpful in the identification and classification of the terms in question. The data for the paper come from the Middle English Dictionary (MED), Oxford English Dictionary (OED), and the Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT), a computerised collection of medical treatises written between 1330 and 1500.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2015, 4; 585-594
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noun Phrase Modification in Middle English Culinary and Medical Recipes
Autorzy:
Bator, Magdalena
Sylwanowicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
culinary
medical
recipe
noun phrase
pre-modification
post-modification
Opis:
Although noun phrase modification and its evolution in early English writings have been the subject of many scholarly discussions, none of them has compared the use of noun phrases in the same text-type (= recipes) directed at different audiences. Thus, the present paper investigates the use of noun phrase modifiers in Middle English culinary and medical recipes. The study explores possible conditioning factors which may have influenced the use of pre- and post-modifiers in the two types of instructions written in the 14th and 15th centuries. Among others, the following questions will be considered: (i) which modification patterns prevailed in the examined material? (ii) was there any link between the type of the instruction and the choice of modifiers? (iii) did the modification patterns change over time? The corpus for the analysis consists of almost 2,300 recipes, which encompasses culinary and medical samples of approximately equal length.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2020, 10; 39-55
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instances of Phonological Weight-Sensitivity in Early Middle English Poetry
Autorzy:
Kołos, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888796.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
heavy syllables
iambic
accentuation
ictic position
poetry
weight-sensivity
Opis:
The present paper addresses the issue of heavy syllables and their special status in Early Middle English iambic poetry. The expected stress pattern for native vocabulary is essentially trochaic and left-strong, yet numerous non-root-initial heavy syllables appear to receive accent in literary works of the period. In Old English, the language relied on syllabic quantity to a great extent, both for poetic and linguistic accentuation. The question arises whether the apparent potential of heavy syllables for attracting poetic accent in Middle English might be a remnant of Old English weight sensitivity. Another issue to be addressed is the possibly different employment of heavy syllables (in ictic positions) in Early Middle English poems as opposed to later poetic works of the period.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2015, 24/2; 27-40
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Beyond the Convention? Representation of Female Characters in Middle English Romances
Autorzy:
Kiełkowicz, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Middle English romance
medieval studies
medieval literature
gender
feminism
Opis:
The paper presents literary images of medieval women in four Middle English romances, viz. King Horn, Sir Isumbras, Havelok the Dane and Sir Gawain and the Green Night. Its aim is to identify some conventional patterns of representation of female characters in the literary works classified as different subtypes of the genre of romance, namely ancestral romance (King Horn, Havelok the Dane), homiletic romance (Sir Isumbras) and Arthurian romance (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight). After Sharon Farmer and other feminist critics, the concept of gender is interpreted as one of the major categories of difference in medieval English society. This argument is supported by the analysis of the construction of female characters in the romances in question. However, while it is important to remember that the society of medieval England was to a large extent male-governed and male-dominated, which is the reason for the apparent centrality of male protagonists in medieval English literature, the function of female characters in literary works of that period is not necessarily secondary. The paper focuses on the importance of women in presenting the protagonist’s genealogy and on selected strategies of representation, such as reversal of gender roles or marginalization of female characters. The essay attempts to demonstrate that the category of gender, as it is seen in the medieval texts, cannot be reduced to a simplified model of binary oppositions, since the romances also introduce the complexity of power relations and tensions between the sexes. 
Źródło:
New Horizons in English Studies; 2017, 2
2543-8980
Pojawia się w:
New Horizons in English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the rise of the ordinal number second in Middle English
Autorzy:
Molencki, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
The article discusses the late Middle English replacement of the ordinal number other by the Romance loanword second. The major cause of the change was the ambiguity and polyfunctionality of the older native word. The study is based on the language material from the Dictionary of Old English Corpus, the Middle English Compendium and the Anglo-Norman Dictionary.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2017, 38; 137-144
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Euphemistic and Non-Euphemistic Verbs for ‘Die’ in Middle English Chronicles
Autorzy:
Kłos, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Middle English
euphemism
metaphor
chronicles
semantic field
die
French loanwords
Opis:
The paper examines verbs and verbal expressions for ‘die’ employed in Middle English chronicles. As one of the aims is to find out to what extent the distribution of euphemistic and non-euphemistic verbs and verbal expressions denoting this sense was determined stylistically, both prose and verse works are analyzed, i.e. The Peterborough chronicle 1070–1154, The Brut, or the chronicles of England, Layamon’s Brut, and The anonymous short English metrical chronicle. The textual distribution of the verbs is presented, including both numerical data and a synopsized contextual analysis of particular verbs and expressions
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 77-90
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Names of Watercourses and Natural Water Reservoirs in Middle English
Autorzy:
Wrzesińska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
watercourse
water reservoir
river
stream
ocean
sea
lake
Opis:
Geographical words referring to water, such as river, stream sea or lake, have been used in language since the earliest. As water is considered essential for life in general, the names of water reservoirs and watercourses became popular and frequently used items in all languages. The present study is focused on the English names of natural water reservoirs (sea, lake) and watercourses (river, stream) and their regional spread in the 12th–15th centuries. The Old English names of watercourses and natural water reservoirs, sӕ, flod and ea, either survived in Middle English in a modified form or were (rarely) replaced by loanwords as the effect of the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century. The research is concentrated on texts selected from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose (Marcus 2008), with some material coming from the OED and MED. The analysis will show the extent of the loss of the original Anglo-Saxon words or their spread, frequently with a modified meaning. The analysis will also include the statistics of the terms in question in prose texts representing the chief dialects of the period. As regards the method, the present author makes use of the traditional semantic theories (e.g. Lyons 1977) and the prototype theory (e.g. Geeraerts 1997).
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2016, 25/2; 101-115
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Origins of the French Lexical Borrowings in Late Middle English Weaponry
Autorzy:
Balbuena, Miguel Luis Poveda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016064.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
languages in contact
lexical borrowings
etymology
French
Middle English
military
war
medieval weapons
Opis:
According to Philip Durkin (2014) French borrowings constitute a great part of the formation of new words in late Middle English, varying between 39% in the first half of the 14th century to 17% in the second half of the 15th century (45% and 23% respectively if we include those whose origin is unclear, whether Latin or French). Among the number of French lexical borrowings incorporated during the 14th and 15th centuries, we may find native Romance terms as well as some others from different sources thanks to the previous contact of French with other languages. Most of the borrowings in the military terminology of the period have a French origin. Funk (1998: 221) mentions that most of the English words that concern the science of war are of French or French-Italian origin. Likewise, the military terminology in French contains a great amount of lexical borrowings from other languages that will be later incorporated in English. Duval (2009: 19) makes reference to the importance of the Frankish influence in the French lexical domains and activities related to war. The data base of this research is made up of 175 terms, which are limited to nouns referring to offensive and defensive weapons, from 67% to 74% of those items are borrowings from French. Most of them have a native Romance origin, but there are also terms from Celtic, Germanic and other languages. This paper focuses on the analysis and quantification of the French lexical borrowings in the late Middle English terminology of weapons, including borrowings first incorporated from Norman French and later from Central French. The main goal is to trace back the origins of those lexical borrowings and their acceptance into English and to analyse its quantitative impact on the late Middle English lexicon, a period during which many new terms were introduced from other languages that substituted and changed notably the native traditional vocabulary the English language previously had.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2018, 7; 21-28
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Distribution of the Perfect Auxiliaries be/have in Middle English Texts
Autorzy:
Zdziera, Katarzyna Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888689.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Middle English
auxiliaries
distribution
Opis:
Like many Germanic languages, English has developed specific periphrastic constructions to express perfective meaning. Before being fully grammaticalized in the 16th century, they were used occasionally in Old and Middle English as complex verb phrases with either habban ‘to have’ or beon/wesan ‘to be’ acting as auxiliary verbs. By the Modern English period, forms created with be disappeared from the language and were almost completely replaced by forms with have, a process which did not occur, for instance, in German. As the data on this development are quite scarce, a relatively simple model is assumed with a steady diachronic progress towards the system established in Modern English, a model which disregards synchronic variation. This paper attempts to investigate the distribution of the perfective constructions with be and have, especially in the 15th century texts and to identify the main factors accounting for diff erences in their usage. Instead of taking into account only the diachronic aspect of the development described, the present study focuses mainly on investigating the synchronic variation in the auxiliaries used with the two most frequent verbs of motion, namely come and go in the perfective meaning.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/2; 33-46
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Degree of grammaticalisation of behind, beneath, between and betwixt in Middle English
Autorzy:
Ciszek-Kiliszewska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
adverb
grammaticalisation
Middle English
preposition
Opis:
The analysis shows that while behind and beneath are still frequently used as adverbs in the whole Middle English period, between and betwixt are predominantly used as prepositions already in Early Middle English. This clearly demonstrates that the degree of grammaticalisation of the latter two Middle English words was much higher than that of behind and beneath.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2018, 16, 2
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Honourable slave traders and aristocratic slaves in Middle English "Floris and Blancheflour"
Autorzy:
Czarnowus, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/571838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Neofilologii
Tematy:
Middle English literature
romance
slavery
wealth
the Orient
Opis:
The Middle English “Floris and Blancheflour” idealizes slave trade and suggests that only the highly-born can be subject to enslavement. It disregards the oriental origin of the merchants who will trade in Blancheflour. The poem focuses on wealth and ignores the widespread nature of medieval poverty. Respect for the merchants in the text foreshadows the later high social status of slave traders in England. Slavery is romanticized in the poem and the reality of serfdom is not included. The text is similar to the later “mercantile romances” and it is a mercantile text responding to the worldview of merchants, who were probably the text’s audience and to whose expectations the plot was adjusted.
Źródło:
Acta Philologica; 2016, 49; 79- 89
0065-1524
Pojawia się w:
Acta Philologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A formal analysis of the culinary recipe – Middle English vs. Anglo-Norman
Autorzy:
Bator, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
The recipe as a text type has been investigated among others by such scholars as Carroll (1999), Taavitsainen (2001a, 2001b), Görlach (e.g., 2004) and Mäkinen (2006). Schmidt (1994) distinguishes three types of the recipe: the medical, culinary and general. The majority of research conducted so far deals with the medical recipe or treats the text type as a whole without discussing the differences between the particular sub-types. The few studies devoted exclusively to the culinary recipe usually concentrate on its single features (for instance the presence of null objects, as in Massam and Roberge 1989, or Culy 1996). A diachronic study of the recipe shows the evolution that the text type has undergone, since the earlier a recipe the more it varies from what we know today (cf. e.g., Culy 1996, Martilla 2009). The earliest culinary recipes, written in English, come from the late Middle English period. However, following Hieatt and Jones (1986: 859), “the earliest culinary recipes occur in two Anglo-Norman manuscripts” from the beginning of the Middle English period. The aim of the present paper is to compare the Anglo-Norman and Middle English recipes. The former come from the end of the 13th and early 14th centuries, the latter from the 14th and 15th centuries. The study concentrates on some of the formal features of the texts, such as the length of the recipes, and their structure, esp. such recipe components as the heading and the procedure. The corpus can be divided into two parts: (i) the Anglo-Norman database, which consists of 61 recipes (belonging to two collections), and (ii) the Middle English database, composed of 208 recipes which were either translated or derived from the Anglo-Norman ones.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2016, 37; 65-90
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Palatalization in Grammatical Words as Reflected in Unclassified Late Middle English Sources
Autorzy:
Kocel, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888843.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
palatalization
Late Middle English
dialects
unclassified
corpora
high-frequency items
Opis:
Although palatalization changing [k] into [tS] was most widespread in Southumbria, the previous examination (Kocel 2009, 2010) has already proved that on no account can it be perceived as a homogeneous process. This lack of consistency is reflected in many instances of palatal forms found in the North alongside many nonpalatal ones encountered in the East Midlands and London. Consequently, the substantial number of such “odd” forms seems to defy the existence of clear-cut boundaries between the above mentioned areas, allowing for an unhindered influx and amalgamation of ostensibly dialect-specific variants. The problem appears even more complex, taking into account the vast collection of dialectally unidentified Middle English texts which, containing both palatal and nonpalatal forms, only corroborate the fact that palatalization could not be dialect or even area specific. The multitude of variants present in those texts, a result of the Scandinavian influence and dialectal borrowing, point to the process of the lexical diffusion of these forms across the whole English territory, affecting in particular such high-frequency items as the grammatical words each, much, such and which. The aim of the study, thus, will be to determine the extent of palatalization affecting these grammatical words, through the analysis of the spelling/phonological discrepancies and the distribution of each, much, such and which in unclassified Late Middle English sources. The data come from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose, The Middle English Dictionary and A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2012, 21/2; 4-15
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected Middle English adjectives of happiness: their representation in the Innsbruck Corpus
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, Weronika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29430974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
adjectives
happy
Middle English
semantic change
przymiotniki
szczęśliwy
zmiana semantyczna
Opis:
The present paper analyses the fates of the Middle English synonyms of the adjective happy. The group of the examined words contains adjectives beneurous, benewred, felicious, gracious, seely and the key item happy. Focusing on their fates in the period under question, the study uses data from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English, a collection of 129 Middle English digitised texts, preserved in 159 files, to determine token frequency, text distribution and semantic changes of the examined adjectives. Other sources used in the study are Middle English Dictionary (MED), The Oxford English Dictionary (OED), Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE) and AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis program. The evidence from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose shows considerable discrepancies in the token frequency of the analysed terms and the number of attestations employed in the sense ‘happy’. Although the position of the adjective gracious was extraordinarily strong (354 attestations), the termyielded only 13 attestations used in the sense under study. The marginal status of benewred (2 attestations)and lack of beneurous in the Middle English texts examined announce their loss at the end of the period.
Źródło:
Conversatoria Linguistica; 2022, 14; 7-23
1897-1415
Pojawia się w:
Conversatoria Linguistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-Root-Initial Ictus on Native Words in Old and Middle English Poetry
Autorzy:
Kołos, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Middle English
stress
prosody
syllable-weight
diachrony
Opis:
Primary word-stress in Germanic languages is generally defined as root-initial. This placement is considered decisive in the metrical shape of native poetic creations, with a tendency for placing prominence where linguistically plausible. However, notable exceptions can be traced in Middle English poetry, with ictus in certain native words falling on a derivative suffix or the second element of an obscure compound rather than the root. The present paper discusses possible reasons for the divergences on the basis of a sample of major poetic works. Focus is placed on the diachronic development from Old to Middle English. Firstly, a discussion from the point of view of linguistic prosody is included, with attention devoted to the possibility of non-weak stress in Old English falling on all heavy, bimoraic syllables. Secondly, semantic aspects are analysed, with focus on the possible impact of incomplete grammaticalization of certain morphemes. Finally, French influences are noted.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 33-41
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Space and Time in Middle English Letters: Dialogues Between Paston Men and Women
Autorzy:
Nakayasu, Minako
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Middle English
letter
the Pastons
spatio-temporal system
dialogue
język średnioangielski
list
rodzina Pastonów
system przestrzenno-czasowy
dialog
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to analyse how Paston men and women communicated with each other by letters, laying emphasis on the spatio-temporal systems. Special attention will be given to the following points: (1) how writer’s gender is related to the selection of spatio-temporal elements, (2) how the relationship between the writer and the recipient affects these elements, and (3) how that relationship is involved with the spatio-temporal systems in discourse.
Celem tego artykułu jest analiza sposobów komunikacji pomiędzy mężczyznami i kobietami z rodziny Paston, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem systemów przestrzenno-czasowych. Uwaga autora skupia się na następujących zagadnieniach: (1) jaki wpływ na wybór elementów przestrzenno-czasowych ma płeć piszącego, (2) jaki wpływ na te elementy ma związek istniejący pomiędzy autorem, a odbiorcą oraz (3) w jaki sposób związek ten jest odzwierciedlony w systemach przestrzenno-czasowych dyskursu.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2018, 1; 120-135
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Present Participle Mark-ing in East Midland Middle English: A Corpus Study
Autorzy:
Budna, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
present participle
Middle English
East Midland dialect
historical corpora
-ing
-ende
marking
historical morphology
Opis:
The present paper contains a description of the distribution of the typical forms of the present participle marker in the East Midland dialect, one which also incorporates the relatively autonomous dialectal areas of East Anglia and London. The major contrasting characteristic of the conservative and the advanced types was materialised in the opposition between the old nd-forms and the new ng-forms. The evidence for the present study comes from the prose and poetic texts of the 13th–15th centuries compiled in the electronic versions of the Innsbruck computer archive of machine-readable English texts (ICAMET), Penn-Helsinki parsed corpus of Middle English (PPCME2), Chadwyck-Healey’s English poetry full-text database, The Auchinleck manuscript, and the Michigan Corpus of Middle English prose and verse. The selected texts are those from localized manuscripts, established on the basis of the Catalogue of sources for a linguistic atlas of Early Medieval English (LAEME) and A linguistic atlas of Late Mediaeval English (LALME). The present contribution is another instalment in a series of papers devoted to the rise and spread of the present participle form -ing(e) in Middle English.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 42-51
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Dual Portrayal of the Character of Sir Gawain in Middle English Narratives
Autorzy:
Górniak, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
literature
Middle Ages
Arthurian legends
Opis:
Arthurian legend is one most powerful and influential story of the Middle Ages. None other tale of the medieval times has retained such an immense popularity throughout the centuries. Despite the importance of King Arthur himself, there is yet another member of the Round Table whose exploits inspired the English audience even more than the fabled ruler’s. The popularity of Sir Gawain seems to be a uniquely English phenomenon. Often disregarded or even despised in the French tales, Sir Gawain retained almost infallible admiration and interest on the British Isles, inspiring such great masterpieces as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Especially the late Middle Ages witnessed a most remarkable discrepancy in the literary portrayal of King Arthur’s nephew. This paper strives to present the dual evolution of the character of Sir Gawain in the medieval literature, on the basis of a comparative analysis of various Arthurian texts both exclusively English as well as those based on or inspired by French sources.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2012, 21/1; 107-116
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Fates of OE *Durran, Etc in Middle English: A Study in Word Geography
Autorzy:
Tomaszewska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888899.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
preterite-present verb
durran
dare
Middle English
corpora
dialects
Opis:
OE *durran ‘dare’ is a preterite-present verb and one of six such verbs whose various forms have survived into Modern English. The main feature of the members of the group is that their strong past tense acquired a present meaning, and thus a new weak past tense developed over time. An outline of other characteristic features of these verbs is included in section ‘0’ (introductory remarks), yet the aim of the present paper is to establish the distribution of the verb *durran in Middle English with regard to periods and regions, also considering differences in spelling. Also, the paper examines fixed expressions such as how dare you or I dare say. The Middle English data are derived from the Prose corpus of the Innsbruck computer archive of machine-readable English texts. Additional sources, like the Dictionary of Old English on CD-ROM, the electronic Middle English dictionary and the Oxford English dictionary online are also referred to.
Źródło:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2013, 22/2; 41-58
0860-5734
Pojawia się w:
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Beyond the Garden: On the Erotic in the Vision of the Middle English Pearl
Autorzy:
Spyra, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641582.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-11-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
The Middle English Pearl is known for its mixture of genres, moods and various discourses. The textual journey the readers of the poem embark on is a long and demanding one, leading from elegiac lamentations and the erotic outbursts of courtly love to theological debates and apocalyptic visions. The heterogeneity of the poem has often prompted critics to overlook the continuity of the erotic mode in Pearl which emerges already in the poem’s first stanza. While it is true that throughout the dream vision the language of the text never eroticizes the relationship between the Dreamer and the Pearl Maiden to the extent that it does in the opening lines, the article argues that eroticism actually underlies the entire structure of the vision proper. Taking recourse to Roland Barthes’s distinction between the erotic and the sexual to explain the exact nature of the bond which connects the two characters, the argument posits eroticism as an expression of somatic longing; a careful analysis of Pearl through this prism provides a number of ironic insights into the mutual interactions between the Dreamer and the Maiden and highlights the poignancy of their inability to understand each other. Further conclusions are also drawn from comparing Pearl with a number of Chaucerian dream visions. Tracing the erotic in both its overt and covert forms and following its transformations in the course of the narrative, the article outlines the poet’s creative use of the mechanics of the dream vision, an increasingly popular genre in the period when the poem was written.
Źródło:
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture; 2013, 3; 13-26
2083-2931
2084-574X
Pojawia się w:
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Medieval medical writings and their readers: communication of knowledge in Middle English medical recipes
Autorzy:
Sylwanowicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050814.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
In late medieval England learned medicine leapt the walls of universities and became available to people with no formal medical training (cf. also Jones 1999, Jones 2004). This widespread interest in medicine was partly triggered by the vernacularisation of medical writings. This process involved, among other things, (1) gradual evolution of conventions and norms for, e.g. recipe writing (cf. Carroll 2004) and/or (2) employment of various strategies to adapt the texts to the new audience. The study will attempt to explain what strategies were employed to adapt medical texts, in particular recipes, to the intended audience, i.e., “who speaks [writes] what language to whom and when” (Fishman 1979: 15). For instance, some recipes contain foreign (mostly French and Latin) or sophisticated terminology whereas other recipe collections make use of vernacular resources. This implies that the language of medieval recipes might be the indicator of a social distinction between the readers. The data for the paper come from the Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT), a computerised collection of medical treatises written between 1330 and 1500.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2017, 38; 111-124
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Judas, a Medieval Other? Religion, Ethnicity, and Gender in the Thirteenth-Century Middle English Judas
Autorzy:
Czarnowus, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
otherness of medieval literature
medieval texts
poem Judas
representing Jews
Middle English literature
The Siege of Jerusalem
Opis:
The article commences with a discussion of the otherness of medieval literature in comparison with the texts from other epochs. The topic of otherness also appears in medieval texts. The religious, ethnic, and gender difference of Judas is complemented by that of his “sister”, who similarly to him illustrates the anti-Judaic stereotypes of the epoch. In the thirteenth-century poem Judas, however, remains a universal figure, since he is one of many traitors and sinners, while his “sister” univocally embodies the type known as la juive fatale. Judas’ eeminacy, both psychological and physical, seems to be only one of many diverse aspects of that complex literary construct. The equivocal nature of representing Jews in Middle English literature is best exemplified by the fourteenth-century romance The Siege of Jerusalem, but even this text features the topic of weakness, if not effeminacy, of that ethnic group in their confrontation with the Romans. Judas, a text more complex in that respect from e Siege of Jerusalem, emphasizes religious, ethnic, and gender difference, but also presents the main character as an everyman, allowing its modern readers to explore the sphere of medieval imagination to a greater extent.
Artykuł rozpoczyna się tezę o odmienności (otherness) literatury średniowiecznej na tle innych epok, która to inność jest również tematem niektórych utworów średnioangielskich. Judasz, odmienny pod względem religijnym, etnicznym i płciowym, ma w tym utworze także „siostrę”, która tak jak on ilustruje antyżydowskie stereotypy epoki. Judasz jest jednak w tym utworze także postacią uniwersalną, jednym z licznych zdrajców i grzeszników otaczających Jezusa, podczas gdy jego „siostra” jednoznacznie uosabia typ postaci znany jako la juive fatale. Zniewieścienie Judasza (psychiczne, ale może również fizyczne) wydaje się tylko jedną stroną tej złożonej konstrukcji literackiej. Typowy dla innych utworów średnioangielskich brak jednoznaczności w przedstawianiu Żydów dobrze ilustruje czternastowieczny romans Oblężenie Jeruzalem (The Siege of Jerusalem), ale nawet tam pojawia się motyw nie tyle zniewieścienia, co słabości tej grupy społecznej w konfrontacji z Rzymianami. Judasz, tekst bardziej skomplikowany od Oblężenia, uwypukla różnice religijne, etniczne i te dotyczące płci kulturowej, ale też pokazuje główna postać jako rodzaj everymana, pozwalając współczesnym czytelnikom głębiej wniknąć w sferę średniowiecznej wyobraźni.
Źródło:
Terminus; 2011, 13, 24; 15-30
2084-3844
Pojawia się w:
Terminus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the evolution of subordinators expressing negative purpose: the case of lest in Middle English
Autorzy:
Łęcki, Andrzej M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
The aim of this article is to examine the development and status of LEST – the most common subordinator introducing negative purpose clauses in Middle English. After presenting the relevant nomenclature of the subject and the etymology of the original structure, I analyse different meanings of LEST, i.e. avertive, in-case, apprehensive and apprehensional epistemic functions as well as its structural development throughout the Middle English period. The data for this study are drawn primarily from the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English because of the chronological order of the texts included which should enable tracing potential developments of the studied expression
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2017, 38; 125-136
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-25 z 57

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