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    Wyświetlanie 1-57 z 57
    Tytuł:
    Foreign Influences on the Language of Cookery in Middle English
    Autorzy:
    Bator, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076108.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    culinary recipe
    multilingualism
    foreign influence
    Middle English
    Opis:
    The linguistic situation in the Middle English period was complex, with three languages (Latin, French and English) playing the crucial role depending on such factors as register, medium, context and language user. Latin was the written language of high status, French was the official language both written and spoken, and English was the language of low status used in informal, spoken contexts (see for instance Crespo 2000). Additionally, one should not forget that, apart from the three languages being present in various areas of language, it was in the Middle English period that a great number of Scandinavian loanwords, which had been borrowed after the Scandinavian invasions, surfaced in the written English sources (e.g., Miller 2012; Moskowich 1993). The aim of the proposed paper is to show how the multilingual situation of medieval England has been reflected in the culinary recipes of the 14th and 15th centuries. The recipe has already been analyzed by a number of scholars, for instance Görlach (1992, 2004) or Carroll (1999). They all agree that one of the distinctive features of the text type is the use of verbs (or verbal structures) – an issue already investigated by the present author (see Bator 2013, 2014). In the present paper our attention will be put on the following verbal triplets: ME nym ~ take ~ recipe (= ‘to take’), ME mess ~ serve ~ (a)dress (= ‘to serve’), ME boyle ~ seethe ~ parboile (= ‘to cook’). The analysis is to reveal the differences which arose among the synonyms, such as the semantic shades of meaning of the verbs, or their dialectal distribution. The study is also to reveal whether any of the languages mentioned above dominated the semantic area. The data used for the present research come from a corpus of over 1,500 recipes from the 14th- and 15th-century culinary collections.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2015, 4; 567-584
    0023-5911
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ways of Introducing Specialised Terminology in Middle English Medical Recipes
    Autorzy:
    Sylwanowicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076195.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Middle English
    medical terminology
    medical recipe
    Opis:
    The aim of the proposed paper is to examine ways of representing medical terminology, in particular names of pharmaceutical preparations, in Middle English medical recipes. The study will attempt to show that formal features of recipes, in particular headings, might be helpful in the identification and classification of the terms in question. The data for the paper come from the Middle English Dictionary (MED), Oxford English Dictionary (OED), and the Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT), a computerised collection of medical treatises written between 1330 and 1500.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2015, 4; 585-594
    0023-5911
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Noun Phrase Modification in Middle English Culinary and Medical Recipes
    Autorzy:
    Bator, Magdalena
    Sylwanowicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231481.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    culinary
    medical
    recipe
    noun phrase
    pre-modification
    post-modification
    Opis:
    Although noun phrase modification and its evolution in early English writings have been the subject of many scholarly discussions, none of them has compared the use of noun phrases in the same text-type (= recipes) directed at different audiences. Thus, the present paper investigates the use of noun phrase modifiers in Middle English culinary and medical recipes. The study explores possible conditioning factors which may have influenced the use of pre- and post-modifiers in the two types of instructions written in the 14th and 15th centuries. Among others, the following questions will be considered: (i) which modification patterns prevailed in the examined material? (ii) was there any link between the type of the instruction and the choice of modifiers? (iii) did the modification patterns change over time? The corpus for the analysis consists of almost 2,300 recipes, which encompasses culinary and medical samples of approximately equal length.
    Źródło:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2020, 10; 39-55
    2299-7164
    2353-3218
    Pojawia się w:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Instances of Phonological Weight-Sensitivity in Early Middle English Poetry
    Autorzy:
    Kołos, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888796.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    heavy syllables
    iambic
    accentuation
    ictic position
    poetry
    weight-sensivity
    Opis:
    The present paper addresses the issue of heavy syllables and their special status in Early Middle English iambic poetry. The expected stress pattern for native vocabulary is essentially trochaic and left-strong, yet numerous non-root-initial heavy syllables appear to receive accent in literary works of the period. In Old English, the language relied on syllabic quantity to a great extent, both for poetic and linguistic accentuation. The question arises whether the apparent potential of heavy syllables for attracting poetic accent in Middle English might be a remnant of Old English weight sensitivity. Another issue to be addressed is the possibly different employment of heavy syllables (in ictic positions) in Early Middle English poems as opposed to later poetic works of the period.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2015, 24/2; 27-40
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Beyond the Convention? Representation of Female Characters in Middle English Romances
    Autorzy:
    Kiełkowicz, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601261.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    Middle English romance
    medieval studies
    medieval literature
    gender
    feminism
    Opis:
    The paper presents literary images of medieval women in four Middle English romances, viz. King Horn, Sir Isumbras, Havelok the Dane and Sir Gawain and the Green Night. Its aim is to identify some conventional patterns of representation of female characters in the literary works classified as different subtypes of the genre of romance, namely ancestral romance (King Horn, Havelok the Dane), homiletic romance (Sir Isumbras) and Arthurian romance (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight). After Sharon Farmer and other feminist critics, the concept of gender is interpreted as one of the major categories of difference in medieval English society. This argument is supported by the analysis of the construction of female characters in the romances in question. However, while it is important to remember that the society of medieval England was to a large extent male-governed and male-dominated, which is the reason for the apparent centrality of male protagonists in medieval English literature, the function of female characters in literary works of that period is not necessarily secondary. The paper focuses on the importance of women in presenting the protagonist’s genealogy and on selected strategies of representation, such as reversal of gender roles or marginalization of female characters. The essay attempts to demonstrate that the category of gender, as it is seen in the medieval texts, cannot be reduced to a simplified model of binary oppositions, since the romances also introduce the complexity of power relations and tensions between the sexes. 
    Źródło:
    New Horizons in English Studies; 2017, 2
    2543-8980
    Pojawia się w:
    New Horizons in English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the rise of the ordinal number second in Middle English
    Autorzy:
    Molencki, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050828.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Opis:
    The article discusses the late Middle English replacement of the ordinal number other by the Romance loanword second. The major cause of the change was the ambiguity and polyfunctionality of the older native word. The study is based on the language material from the Dictionary of Old English Corpus, the Middle English Compendium and the Anglo-Norman Dictionary.
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Silesiana; 2017, 38; 137-144
    0208-4228
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Euphemistic and Non-Euphemistic Verbs for ‘Die’ in Middle English Chronicles
    Autorzy:
    Kłos, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888711.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Middle English
    euphemism
    metaphor
    chronicles
    semantic field
    die
    French loanwords
    Opis:
    The paper examines verbs and verbal expressions for ‘die’ employed in Middle English chronicles. As one of the aims is to find out to what extent the distribution of euphemistic and non-euphemistic verbs and verbal expressions denoting this sense was determined stylistically, both prose and verse works are analyzed, i.e. The Peterborough chronicle 1070–1154, The Brut, or the chronicles of England, Layamon’s Brut, and The anonymous short English metrical chronicle. The textual distribution of the verbs is presented, including both numerical data and a synopsized contextual analysis of particular verbs and expressions
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 77-90
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Names of Watercourses and Natural Water Reservoirs in Middle English
    Autorzy:
    Wrzesińska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888981.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    watercourse
    water reservoir
    river
    stream
    ocean
    sea
    lake
    Opis:
    Geographical words referring to water, such as river, stream sea or lake, have been used in language since the earliest. As water is considered essential for life in general, the names of water reservoirs and watercourses became popular and frequently used items in all languages. The present study is focused on the English names of natural water reservoirs (sea, lake) and watercourses (river, stream) and their regional spread in the 12th–15th centuries. The Old English names of watercourses and natural water reservoirs, sӕ, flod and ea, either survived in Middle English in a modified form or were (rarely) replaced by loanwords as the effect of the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century. The research is concentrated on texts selected from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose (Marcus 2008), with some material coming from the OED and MED. The analysis will show the extent of the loss of the original Anglo-Saxon words or their spread, frequently with a modified meaning. The analysis will also include the statistics of the terms in question in prose texts representing the chief dialects of the period. As regards the method, the present author makes use of the traditional semantic theories (e.g. Lyons 1977) and the prototype theory (e.g. Geeraerts 1997).
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2016, 25/2; 101-115
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Origins of the French Lexical Borrowings in Late Middle English Weaponry
    Autorzy:
    Balbuena, Miguel Luis Poveda
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016064.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    languages in contact
    lexical borrowings
    etymology
    French
    Middle English
    military
    war
    medieval weapons
    Opis:
    According to Philip Durkin (2014) French borrowings constitute a great part of the formation of new words in late Middle English, varying between 39% in the first half of the 14th century to 17% in the second half of the 15th century (45% and 23% respectively if we include those whose origin is unclear, whether Latin or French). Among the number of French lexical borrowings incorporated during the 14th and 15th centuries, we may find native Romance terms as well as some others from different sources thanks to the previous contact of French with other languages. Most of the borrowings in the military terminology of the period have a French origin. Funk (1998: 221) mentions that most of the English words that concern the science of war are of French or French-Italian origin. Likewise, the military terminology in French contains a great amount of lexical borrowings from other languages that will be later incorporated in English. Duval (2009: 19) makes reference to the importance of the Frankish influence in the French lexical domains and activities related to war. The data base of this research is made up of 175 terms, which are limited to nouns referring to offensive and defensive weapons, from 67% to 74% of those items are borrowings from French. Most of them have a native Romance origin, but there are also terms from Celtic, Germanic and other languages. This paper focuses on the analysis and quantification of the French lexical borrowings in the late Middle English terminology of weapons, including borrowings first incorporated from Norman French and later from Central French. The main goal is to trace back the origins of those lexical borrowings and their acceptance into English and to analyse its quantitative impact on the late Middle English lexicon, a period during which many new terms were introduced from other languages that substituted and changed notably the native traditional vocabulary the English language previously had.
    Źródło:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2018, 7; 21-28
    2299-7164
    2353-3218
    Pojawia się w:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Distribution of the Perfect Auxiliaries be/have in Middle English Texts
    Autorzy:
    Zdziera, Katarzyna Alicja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888689.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Middle English
    auxiliaries
    distribution
    Opis:
    Like many Germanic languages, English has developed specific periphrastic constructions to express perfective meaning. Before being fully grammaticalized in the 16th century, they were used occasionally in Old and Middle English as complex verb phrases with either habban ‘to have’ or beon/wesan ‘to be’ acting as auxiliary verbs. By the Modern English period, forms created with be disappeared from the language and were almost completely replaced by forms with have, a process which did not occur, for instance, in German. As the data on this development are quite scarce, a relatively simple model is assumed with a steady diachronic progress towards the system established in Modern English, a model which disregards synchronic variation. This paper attempts to investigate the distribution of the perfective constructions with be and have, especially in the 15th century texts and to identify the main factors accounting for diff erences in their usage. Instead of taking into account only the diachronic aspect of the development described, the present study focuses mainly on investigating the synchronic variation in the auxiliaries used with the two most frequent verbs of motion, namely come and go in the perfective meaning.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/2; 33-46
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Degree of grammaticalisation of behind, beneath, between and betwixt in Middle English
    Autorzy:
    Ciszek-Kiliszewska, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620620.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-08-22
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    adverb
    grammaticalisation
    Middle English
    preposition
    Opis:
    The analysis shows that while behind and beneath are still frequently used as adverbs in the whole Middle English period, between and betwixt are predominantly used as prepositions already in Early Middle English. This clearly demonstrates that the degree of grammaticalisation of the latter two Middle English words was much higher than that of behind and beneath.
    Źródło:
    Research in Language; 2018, 16, 2
    1731-7533
    Pojawia się w:
    Research in Language
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Honourable slave traders and aristocratic slaves in Middle English "Floris and Blancheflour"
    Autorzy:
    Czarnowus, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/571838.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Neofilologii
    Tematy:
    Middle English literature
    romance
    slavery
    wealth
    the Orient
    Opis:
    The Middle English “Floris and Blancheflour” idealizes slave trade and suggests that only the highly-born can be subject to enslavement. It disregards the oriental origin of the merchants who will trade in Blancheflour. The poem focuses on wealth and ignores the widespread nature of medieval poverty. Respect for the merchants in the text foreshadows the later high social status of slave traders in England. Slavery is romanticized in the poem and the reality of serfdom is not included. The text is similar to the later “mercantile romances” and it is a mercantile text responding to the worldview of merchants, who were probably the text’s audience and to whose expectations the plot was adjusted.
    Źródło:
    Acta Philologica; 2016, 49; 79- 89
    0065-1524
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Philologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A formal analysis of the culinary recipe – Middle English vs. Anglo-Norman
    Autorzy:
    Bator, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050021.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Opis:
    The recipe as a text type has been investigated among others by such scholars as Carroll (1999), Taavitsainen (2001a, 2001b), Görlach (e.g., 2004) and Mäkinen (2006). Schmidt (1994) distinguishes three types of the recipe: the medical, culinary and general. The majority of research conducted so far deals with the medical recipe or treats the text type as a whole without discussing the differences between the particular sub-types. The few studies devoted exclusively to the culinary recipe usually concentrate on its single features (for instance the presence of null objects, as in Massam and Roberge 1989, or Culy 1996). A diachronic study of the recipe shows the evolution that the text type has undergone, since the earlier a recipe the more it varies from what we know today (cf. e.g., Culy 1996, Martilla 2009). The earliest culinary recipes, written in English, come from the late Middle English period. However, following Hieatt and Jones (1986: 859), “the earliest culinary recipes occur in two Anglo-Norman manuscripts” from the beginning of the Middle English period. The aim of the present paper is to compare the Anglo-Norman and Middle English recipes. The former come from the end of the 13th and early 14th centuries, the latter from the 14th and 15th centuries. The study concentrates on some of the formal features of the texts, such as the length of the recipes, and their structure, esp. such recipe components as the heading and the procedure. The corpus can be divided into two parts: (i) the Anglo-Norman database, which consists of 61 recipes (belonging to two collections), and (ii) the Middle English database, composed of 208 recipes which were either translated or derived from the Anglo-Norman ones.
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Silesiana; 2016, 37; 65-90
    0208-4228
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Palatalization in Grammatical Words as Reflected in Unclassified Late Middle English Sources
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888843.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    palatalization
    Late Middle English
    dialects
    unclassified
    corpora
    high-frequency items
    Opis:
    Although palatalization changing [k] into [tS] was most widespread in Southumbria, the previous examination (Kocel 2009, 2010) has already proved that on no account can it be perceived as a homogeneous process. This lack of consistency is reflected in many instances of palatal forms found in the North alongside many nonpalatal ones encountered in the East Midlands and London. Consequently, the substantial number of such “odd” forms seems to defy the existence of clear-cut boundaries between the above mentioned areas, allowing for an unhindered influx and amalgamation of ostensibly dialect-specific variants. The problem appears even more complex, taking into account the vast collection of dialectally unidentified Middle English texts which, containing both palatal and nonpalatal forms, only corroborate the fact that palatalization could not be dialect or even area specific. The multitude of variants present in those texts, a result of the Scandinavian influence and dialectal borrowing, point to the process of the lexical diffusion of these forms across the whole English territory, affecting in particular such high-frequency items as the grammatical words each, much, such and which. The aim of the study, thus, will be to determine the extent of palatalization affecting these grammatical words, through the analysis of the spelling/phonological discrepancies and the distribution of each, much, such and which in unclassified Late Middle English sources. The data come from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose, The Middle English Dictionary and A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2012, 21/2; 4-15
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected Middle English adjectives of happiness: their representation in the Innsbruck Corpus
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierczak, Weronika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29430974.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    adjectives
    happy
    Middle English
    semantic change
    przymiotniki
    szczęśliwy
    zmiana semantyczna
    Opis:
    The present paper analyses the fates of the Middle English synonyms of the adjective happy. The group of the examined words contains adjectives beneurous, benewred, felicious, gracious, seely and the key item happy. Focusing on their fates in the period under question, the study uses data from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English, a collection of 129 Middle English digitised texts, preserved in 159 files, to determine token frequency, text distribution and semantic changes of the examined adjectives. Other sources used in the study are Middle English Dictionary (MED), The Oxford English Dictionary (OED), Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE) and AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis program. The evidence from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose shows considerable discrepancies in the token frequency of the analysed terms and the number of attestations employed in the sense ‘happy’. Although the position of the adjective gracious was extraordinarily strong (354 attestations), the termyielded only 13 attestations used in the sense under study. The marginal status of benewred (2 attestations)and lack of beneurous in the Middle English texts examined announce their loss at the end of the period.
    Źródło:
    Conversatoria Linguistica; 2022, 14; 7-23
    1897-1415
    Pojawia się w:
    Conversatoria Linguistica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Non-Root-Initial Ictus on Native Words in Old and Middle English Poetry
    Autorzy:
    Kołos, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889012.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Middle English
    stress
    prosody
    syllable-weight
    diachrony
    Opis:
    Primary word-stress in Germanic languages is generally defined as root-initial. This placement is considered decisive in the metrical shape of native poetic creations, with a tendency for placing prominence where linguistically plausible. However, notable exceptions can be traced in Middle English poetry, with ictus in certain native words falling on a derivative suffix or the second element of an obscure compound rather than the root. The present paper discusses possible reasons for the divergences on the basis of a sample of major poetic works. Focus is placed on the diachronic development from Old to Middle English. Firstly, a discussion from the point of view of linguistic prosody is included, with attention devoted to the possibility of non-weak stress in Old English falling on all heavy, bimoraic syllables. Secondly, semantic aspects are analysed, with focus on the possible impact of incomplete grammaticalization of certain morphemes. Finally, French influences are noted.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 33-41
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Space and Time in Middle English Letters: Dialogues Between Paston Men and Women
    Autorzy:
    Nakayasu, Minako
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076397.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Middle English
    letter
    the Pastons
    spatio-temporal system
    dialogue
    język średnioangielski
    list
    rodzina Pastonów
    system przestrzenno-czasowy
    dialog
    Opis:
    The purpose of this paper is to analyse how Paston men and women communicated with each other by letters, laying emphasis on the spatio-temporal systems. Special attention will be given to the following points: (1) how writer’s gender is related to the selection of spatio-temporal elements, (2) how the relationship between the writer and the recipient affects these elements, and (3) how that relationship is involved with the spatio-temporal systems in discourse.
    Celem tego artykułu jest analiza sposobów komunikacji pomiędzy mężczyznami i kobietami z rodziny Paston, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem systemów przestrzenno-czasowych. Uwaga autora skupia się na następujących zagadnieniach: (1) jaki wpływ na wybór elementów przestrzenno-czasowych ma płeć piszącego, (2) jaki wpływ na te elementy ma związek istniejący pomiędzy autorem, a odbiorcą oraz (3) w jaki sposób związek ten jest odzwierciedlony w systemach przestrzenno-czasowych dyskursu.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2018, 1; 120-135
    0023-5911
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Present Participle Mark-ing in East Midland Middle English: A Corpus Study
    Autorzy:
    Budna, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889068.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    present participle
    Middle English
    East Midland dialect
    historical corpora
    -ing
    -ende
    marking
    historical morphology
    Opis:
    The present paper contains a description of the distribution of the typical forms of the present participle marker in the East Midland dialect, one which also incorporates the relatively autonomous dialectal areas of East Anglia and London. The major contrasting characteristic of the conservative and the advanced types was materialised in the opposition between the old nd-forms and the new ng-forms. The evidence for the present study comes from the prose and poetic texts of the 13th–15th centuries compiled in the electronic versions of the Innsbruck computer archive of machine-readable English texts (ICAMET), Penn-Helsinki parsed corpus of Middle English (PPCME2), Chadwyck-Healey’s English poetry full-text database, The Auchinleck manuscript, and the Michigan Corpus of Middle English prose and verse. The selected texts are those from localized manuscripts, established on the basis of the Catalogue of sources for a linguistic atlas of Early Medieval English (LAEME) and A linguistic atlas of Late Mediaeval English (LALME). The present contribution is another instalment in a series of papers devoted to the rise and spread of the present participle form -ing(e) in Middle English.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 42-51
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Dual Portrayal of the Character of Sir Gawain in Middle English Narratives
    Autorzy:
    Górniak, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888820.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
    literature
    Middle Ages
    Arthurian legends
    Opis:
    Arthurian legend is one most powerful and influential story of the Middle Ages. None other tale of the medieval times has retained such an immense popularity throughout the centuries. Despite the importance of King Arthur himself, there is yet another member of the Round Table whose exploits inspired the English audience even more than the fabled ruler’s. The popularity of Sir Gawain seems to be a uniquely English phenomenon. Often disregarded or even despised in the French tales, Sir Gawain retained almost infallible admiration and interest on the British Isles, inspiring such great masterpieces as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Especially the late Middle Ages witnessed a most remarkable discrepancy in the literary portrayal of King Arthur’s nephew. This paper strives to present the dual evolution of the character of Sir Gawain in the medieval literature, on the basis of a comparative analysis of various Arthurian texts both exclusively English as well as those based on or inspired by French sources.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2012, 21/1; 107-116
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Fates of OE *Durran, Etc in Middle English: A Study in Word Geography
    Autorzy:
    Tomaszewska, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888899.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    preterite-present verb
    durran
    dare
    Middle English
    corpora
    dialects
    Opis:
    OE *durran ‘dare’ is a preterite-present verb and one of six such verbs whose various forms have survived into Modern English. The main feature of the members of the group is that their strong past tense acquired a present meaning, and thus a new weak past tense developed over time. An outline of other characteristic features of these verbs is included in section ‘0’ (introductory remarks), yet the aim of the present paper is to establish the distribution of the verb *durran in Middle English with regard to periods and regions, also considering differences in spelling. Also, the paper examines fixed expressions such as how dare you or I dare say. The Middle English data are derived from the Prose corpus of the Innsbruck computer archive of machine-readable English texts. Additional sources, like the Dictionary of Old English on CD-ROM, the electronic Middle English dictionary and the Oxford English dictionary online are also referred to.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2013, 22/2; 41-58
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Beyond the Garden: On the Erotic in the Vision of the Middle English Pearl
    Autorzy:
    Spyra, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641582.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-11-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    The Middle English Pearl is known for its mixture of genres, moods and various discourses. The textual journey the readers of the poem embark on is a long and demanding one, leading from elegiac lamentations and the erotic outbursts of courtly love to theological debates and apocalyptic visions. The heterogeneity of the poem has often prompted critics to overlook the continuity of the erotic mode in Pearl which emerges already in the poem’s first stanza. While it is true that throughout the dream vision the language of the text never eroticizes the relationship between the Dreamer and the Pearl Maiden to the extent that it does in the opening lines, the article argues that eroticism actually underlies the entire structure of the vision proper. Taking recourse to Roland Barthes’s distinction between the erotic and the sexual to explain the exact nature of the bond which connects the two characters, the argument posits eroticism as an expression of somatic longing; a careful analysis of Pearl through this prism provides a number of ironic insights into the mutual interactions between the Dreamer and the Maiden and highlights the poignancy of their inability to understand each other. Further conclusions are also drawn from comparing Pearl with a number of Chaucerian dream visions. Tracing the erotic in both its overt and covert forms and following its transformations in the course of the narrative, the article outlines the poet’s creative use of the mechanics of the dream vision, an increasingly popular genre in the period when the poem was written.
    Źródło:
    Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture; 2013, 3; 13-26
    2083-2931
    2084-574X
    Pojawia się w:
    Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Medieval medical writings and their readers: communication of knowledge in Middle English medical recipes
    Autorzy:
    Sylwanowicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050814.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Opis:
    In late medieval England learned medicine leapt the walls of universities and became available to people with no formal medical training (cf. also Jones 1999, Jones 2004). This widespread interest in medicine was partly triggered by the vernacularisation of medical writings. This process involved, among other things, (1) gradual evolution of conventions and norms for, e.g. recipe writing (cf. Carroll 2004) and/or (2) employment of various strategies to adapt the texts to the new audience. The study will attempt to explain what strategies were employed to adapt medical texts, in particular recipes, to the intended audience, i.e., “who speaks [writes] what language to whom and when” (Fishman 1979: 15). For instance, some recipes contain foreign (mostly French and Latin) or sophisticated terminology whereas other recipe collections make use of vernacular resources. This implies that the language of medieval recipes might be the indicator of a social distinction between the readers. The data for the paper come from the Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT), a computerised collection of medical treatises written between 1330 and 1500.
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Silesiana; 2017, 38; 111-124
    0208-4228
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Judas, a Medieval Other? Religion, Ethnicity, and Gender in the Thirteenth-Century Middle English Judas
    Autorzy:
    Czarnowus, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    otherness of medieval literature
    medieval texts
    poem Judas
    representing Jews
    Middle English literature
    The Siege of Jerusalem
    Opis:
    The article commences with a discussion of the otherness of medieval literature in comparison with the texts from other epochs. The topic of otherness also appears in medieval texts. The religious, ethnic, and gender difference of Judas is complemented by that of his “sister”, who similarly to him illustrates the anti-Judaic stereotypes of the epoch. In the thirteenth-century poem Judas, however, remains a universal figure, since he is one of many traitors and sinners, while his “sister” univocally embodies the type known as la juive fatale. Judas’ eeminacy, both psychological and physical, seems to be only one of many diverse aspects of that complex literary construct. The equivocal nature of representing Jews in Middle English literature is best exemplified by the fourteenth-century romance The Siege of Jerusalem, but even this text features the topic of weakness, if not effeminacy, of that ethnic group in their confrontation with the Romans. Judas, a text more complex in that respect from e Siege of Jerusalem, emphasizes religious, ethnic, and gender difference, but also presents the main character as an everyman, allowing its modern readers to explore the sphere of medieval imagination to a greater extent.
    Artykuł rozpoczyna się tezę o odmienności (otherness) literatury średniowiecznej na tle innych epok, która to inność jest również tematem niektórych utworów średnioangielskich. Judasz, odmienny pod względem religijnym, etnicznym i płciowym, ma w tym utworze także „siostrę”, która tak jak on ilustruje antyżydowskie stereotypy epoki. Judasz jest jednak w tym utworze także postacią uniwersalną, jednym z licznych zdrajców i grzeszników otaczających Jezusa, podczas gdy jego „siostra” jednoznacznie uosabia typ postaci znany jako la juive fatale. Zniewieścienie Judasza (psychiczne, ale może również fizyczne) wydaje się tylko jedną stroną tej złożonej konstrukcji literackiej. Typowy dla innych utworów średnioangielskich brak jednoznaczności w przedstawianiu Żydów dobrze ilustruje czternastowieczny romans Oblężenie Jeruzalem (The Siege of Jerusalem), ale nawet tam pojawia się motyw nie tyle zniewieścienia, co słabości tej grupy społecznej w konfrontacji z Rzymianami. Judasz, tekst bardziej skomplikowany od Oblężenia, uwypukla różnice religijne, etniczne i te dotyczące płci kulturowej, ale też pokazuje główna postać jako rodzaj everymana, pozwalając współczesnym czytelnikom głębiej wniknąć w sferę średniowiecznej wyobraźni.
    Źródło:
    Terminus; 2011, 13, 24; 15-30
    2084-3844
    Pojawia się w:
    Terminus
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the evolution of subordinators expressing negative purpose: the case of lest in Middle English
    Autorzy:
    Łęcki, Andrzej M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050823.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Opis:
    The aim of this article is to examine the development and status of LEST – the most common subordinator introducing negative purpose clauses in Middle English. After presenting the relevant nomenclature of the subject and the etymology of the original structure, I analyse different meanings of LEST, i.e. avertive, in-case, apprehensive and apprehensional epistemic functions as well as its structural development throughout the Middle English period. The data for this study are drawn primarily from the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English because of the chronological order of the texts included which should enable tracing potential developments of the studied expression
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Silesiana; 2017, 38; 125-136
    0208-4228
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    “My Honor is My Life”: Sturm Brightblade of the Dragonlance Saga and Middle English Arthurian Knighthood
    Autorzy:
    Sell, Carl B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085781.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    Arthurian
    Dragonlance
    appropriation
    fantasy
    knighthood
    Opis:
    Arthuriana has a long history of adaptation and appropriation in medieval and contemporary works, and the tradition of such textual borrowing and reworking continues in contemporary “genre” novels, particularly those that invoke associations with knights, honor, and codes of chivalry. One such example are the novels and short stories of the Dragonlance setting. Sturm Brightblade is positioned as a knight who adheres to a code of honor and is given Arthurian character traits, narrative arcs, and a backstory by the various authors that have fleshed out his history. The texts in the Dragonlance setting knowingly use appropriated elements from Middle English Arthurian works and assign them to Sturm Brightblade to give him proper positioning as a knight that would fit in with Arthur’s legendary Round Table.
    Źródło:
    Romanica Silesiana; 2021, 20, 2; 1-26
    1898-2433
    2353-9887
    Pojawia się w:
    Romanica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Middle and Early Modern English Medical Recipes: Some Notes on Specialised Terminology
    Autorzy:
    Sylwanowicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888719.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    recipes
    middle English
    terminology
    linguistics
    Opis:
    One of the text-type features of a recipe is a certain degree of technical lexicon (cf. Görlach 2004). The aim of the present study is to compare the use and distribution of selected group of terms, here references to medical preparations, in Middle and Early Modern English recipe collections. Particular attention will be given to the factors responsible for the choice of terms. Also, we will concentrate on the rivalry between native and foreign lexical units.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/2; 89-101
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    “I cluppe and I cusse as I wood wore”: Erotic Imagery in Middle English Mystical Writings
    Autorzy:
    Witalisz, Władysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641574.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-11-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    The mutual influences of the medieval discourse of courtly love and the literary visions of divine love have long been recognized by readers of medieval lyrical poetry and devotional writings. They are especially visible in the affinities between the language used to construct the picture of the ideal courtly lady and the images of the Virgin Mary. Praises of Mary’s physical beauty, strewn with erotic implications, are an example of a strictly male eroticization of the medieval Marian discourse, rooted in Bernard of Clairvaux’s allegorical reading of the Song of Songs, where Mary is imagined as the Bride of the poem, whose “breasts are like two young roes that are twins” (Cant. of Cant. 4:5). Glimpses of medieval female erotic imagination, also employed to express religious meanings, can be found in the writings of the mystical tradition: in England in the books of visions of Margery Kempe, in the anonymous seers of the fourteenth century, and, to some extent, in Julian of Norwich. Though subdued by patriarchal politics and edited by male amanuenses, the female voice can still be heard in the extant texts as it speaks of mystical experience by reference to bodily, somatic and, sometimes, erotic sensations in a manner different from the sensual implications found in the poetry of Marian adoration. The bliss of mystic elation, the ultimate union with God, is, in at least one mystical text, confidently metaphorized as an ecstatic, physical union with the human figure of Christ hanging on the cross.
    Źródło:
    Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture; 2013, 3; 58-70
    2083-2931
    2084-574X
    Pojawia się w:
    Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Is there a method in this… madness? On variance between two manuscript copies of a Middle English Psalter
    Autorzy:
    Lis, Kinga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040156.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter
    lexical variance
    manuscript culture
    medieval Psalter
    Opis:
    The objective of the paper is to determine the extent and the possible sources of the intertextual lexical variation between two manuscript copies of a single Middle English Psalter known, among other names, as the Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter. The purpose of the paper can be understood only if one approaches the variance from a medieval perspective on text with respect for the inherent features of manuscript culture and an understanding of the exceptional character of the text analysed in the study, which topics are briefly discussed within the paper. The extent of the variance is measured in relation to the nominal choices attested in the two copies of the text, the rationale behind the variation being sought separately in each case, taking into account the contextual intricacies of all the occurrences of the nouns under analysis.
    Źródło:
    Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2015, 1; 152-168
    2450-5188
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistics Beyond and Within
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    And þan it wole be a good oynement restoratif… Pre- and Postnominal Adjectives in Middle English Medical Recipes*
    Autorzy:
    Sylwanowicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888725.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    adjective modifiers
    recipes
    attributive
    postnominal
    prenominal
    Opis:
    The present paper concentrates on the use of adjective modifiers in Middle English medical recipes. Although the study of the position of attributive adjectives in Middle English nominal phrases has attracted attention of many scholars (e.g. Norri 1989; Raumolin- Brunberg 1994; Fischer 2004; 2006; Moskowich 2009), there are no studies that would address the use of pre- and postnominal adjectives in the material representing only one genre (here, medical recipes). This paper will investigate several factors that might have determined the position of attributive adjectives in nominal phrases. Hence, the following questions will be considered: (i) was there a direct link between the origin of the adjective and its position in the noun phrase?, (ii) did the use of attributive adjectives only aim to identify the specific referents of the noun phrases or (iii) were there other reasons for their uses (the intended audience, technicality of source texts)?
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2016, 25/2; 57-71
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Review of the Book: Hans Sauer and Piotr P. Chruszczewski (eds.) Mostly Medieval: In Memory of Jacek Fisiak (= Beyond Language 5). San Diego, CA 2020: Æ Academic Publishing. ISBN: 978-1-68346-186-9, 568 pages
    Autorzy:
    Traxel, Oliver M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013224.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    Gedenkschrift
    Old English
    Middle English
    medievalism
    linguistics
    Opis:
    This article is a review of a Gedenkschrift intended to memorise Jacek Fisiak, a well-known Polish professor of English who died in 2019. It presents an overview of the contributions to this volume, which is divided into six “Parts,” each of which focuses on a particular aspect connected to his person or academic work. The articles in this book cover a large number of fields, ranging from individual recollections through topics on historical English up to the modern day. It is concluded that this publication is a suitable way to posthumously honour a particularly productive and beloved scholar.
    Źródło:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2021, 14; 383-389
    2299-7164
    2353-3218
    Pojawia się w:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Palatalization as a Non-Uniform Process Affecting Grammatical Words: A Comparison of Data from Dialectally Identified and Unidentified Late Middle English Texts
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    palatalization
    high frequency lemmas
    Middle English
    dialects
    lexical diffusion
    Opis:
    The process of palatalization has exerted much influence on the forms of four highfrequency lemmas, EACH, MUCH, SUCH, WHICH, revealing significant heterogeneity in terms of palatalized and non-palatalized variants being used in the close vicinity of each other both in the Northern and Southern dialects as well as in the texts of unknown origin. Such unpredictability of the process, accounted for by the operation of lexical diffusion, raises questions concerning the manner of how palatalization, being one of the major phonological changes, affected the lexis and phonological system of Middle English, proving to be much less consistent than expected.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2013, 22/2; 5-25
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Anna Czarnowus. Fantasies of the Other’s Body in Middle English Oriental Romance. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. 2013. 233 strony
    Autorzy:
    Coote, Lesley
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081152.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2017, 1; 116-118
    0023-5911
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    “Here begynnyth and tellyth howe a man schal make hys salves, oynementes and vnguentys.” Towards standard medical terminology in Middle English
    Autorzy:
    Sylwanowicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/702112.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2014, 3
    0023-5911
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Early English Recipes—Development of the Text Type
    Autorzy:
    Bator, Magdalena
    Sylwanowicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016074.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    recipe
    culinary
    medical
    text-type
    Middle English
    Early Modern English
    Opis:
    The proposed paper is the outcome of a research project dealing with a comparison of the culinary and medical recipes at various stages in their development. The main aim of the present study is to concentrate on the major text type features as found in the two types of the recipe. Our preliminary studies have shown that some of these features are common in only one type of instruction, being hardly noticeable in the other. The results will show the differences but also the degree of overlapping between the most prominent text type features of culinary and medical recipes produced in Middle and Early Modern English.
    Źródło:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2018, 7; 29-54
    2299-7164
    2353-3218
    Pojawia się w:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the Possibility of Continuity in the Metrical Status of Heavy Syllables in Medieval English
    Autorzy:
    Kołos, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888845.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    metre
    heavy syllable
    Chaucer
    Middle English
    French influence
    accented syllable
    Opis:
    The present paper focuses on instances of irregular, non-root accentuation placed on words of Germanic origin in Middle English iambic verse. A proposed explanation for the phenomenon is the continued special metrical status of heavy syllables from Old to Middle English and the retained potential of such syllables for attracting poetic accent. The analysis also takes into account additional factors, including possible external influences and morphological considerations. The text samples are selected basing on the date of their provenance and metrical regularity. In order to reduce the possibility of the results being affected by any loose applications of metre, the analysis is confined to the metrically strongest positions within each type of verse.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2016, 25/2; 31-41
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Teaching about the Discourse of Otherness in "The King of Tars"
    Autorzy:
    Matyjaszczyk, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48808581.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Othering
    King of Tars
    Middle English
    college teaching
    medieval literature
    Opis:
    The present article is a teaching guide for a class or a series of classes about the discourse of Otherness, as employed in the medieval romance The King of Tars. It proposes an in-class discussion that reveals how the romance tells a story of an encounter with the Other and how it perpetuates the discourse of Otherness while doing that. Various strategies used in the tale to perform Othering are analyzed. These include the presentation of Muslims as a dehumanized outgroup, with its main representative – the Sultan – being portrayed as a beast missing the rational part of the soul; contrasting the said presentation with that of the rational Christian Princess; employing and modifying the motif of monstrous birth to define the Sultan further through his failure as a father and through the absence of what the tale sees as the essence of the human soul; setting the transforming power of the dominant group’s rituals against the ineffective, empty rituals of the out-group; the use of the rhetoric of proximity, i.e. pointing to certain similarities between “us” and “them” only to make the differences even more pronounced. The analysis of these strategies helps to recognize that while the characters within the represented world of the romance other Muslims through their actions, the narrator does the same through the use of the discourse of Otherness. The article is also devised as a review of criticism on the romance in the context of Otherness, so it can be useful as a starting point for those willing to research this matter further.
    Źródło:
    Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre; 2021, 7, 2; 40-62
    2353-6098
    Pojawia się w:
    Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    How Would They Transfer the Message Across? From Wendan to Translaten: on the Replacement of Native Forms with a Romance Borrowing
    Autorzy:
    Esquibel, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889070.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    translation
    synonyms
    Middle English
    transfer between languages
    translaten
    wenden
    turnen
    Opis:
    At the dawn of Middle English, the language saw a number of different terms referring to the process of translation. The plethora of terms and meanings seems to mirror the attitude of medieval scribes and authors towards translation, understood as presenting, explaining, and interpreting, and, finally, transferring the message from one language to another. After the Norman Conquest, however, the meaning of ‘transfer between languages’ starts to disappear with the exception of native WENDEN, which is still used in this sense in mid 13th century. Finally, the language borrows the foreign term TRANSLATEN, which at the end of the 13th century starts to function along WENDEN and TURNEN in the meaning of ‘transferring, changing, replacing’, and in the 14th century acquires the literal meaning of ‘translate’, marginalizing or eliminating older forms. The paper focuses on the loss of the meaning ‘to translate’ from the semantic domains of the native verbs and the pattern of its replacement by the foreign term to indicate ‘transfer of a message between two languages.’
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2015, 24/2; 79-102
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The nominal and adjectival morphology of bounds to S 179 – A case study
    Autorzy:
    Zagórska, Paulina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120010.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    forgery
    charter
    bounds
    Norman Conquest
    Old English
    Middle English
    nominal morphology
    Opis:
    The paper is a case study investigating the nominal and adjectival morphology in the English text of bounds to S 179, a post-Conquest forgery. The aim of the study is to determine what linguistic means of authentication were applied by an eleventh-century forger who devised a text which was supposed to look 200 years old at the time of its production, as well as to search for modern features which give the forgery away, at the same time allowing an insight into early Middle English. The study represents research into “transitional”, post-Conquest English (Faulkner 2012) and the status of English under the Norman rule.
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Silesiana; 2022, 43; 65-76
    0208-4228
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale and Emotions in the Epic
    Autorzy:
    Czarnowus, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076670.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Middle English romance
    epic
    history of emotions
    honour
    potential of emotions
    Opis:
    The Knight’s Tale continues the epic tradition and is worth reading from the perspective of the history of emotions, which allows us to interpret not only texts written after the “affective turn” of the eighteenth century, but also earlier ones. Emotions can be “found” in Chaucer’s text, to mention only honour as a “lost” emotion. Other questions that need to be addressed are the weakening or empowering potential of emotions and feelings as something that is able to change collective bodies.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2016, 3; 330-340
    0023-5911
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On Some Early Translations at the Beginnings of English Technical Writing
    Autorzy:
    DOBOS, DANIELA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953743.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Tematy:
    Geoffrey Chaucer
    Old English
    Middle English
    technical writing/texts
    writers-translators of science
    Opis:
    A series o f well-known histories and bibliographies o f technical writings in English begin from the premise that start with A Treatise on the Astrolabe by the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. Nevertheless, it can be shown that there is a notable tradition o f practical technical writings - translations and adaptations o f Latin and Arabic sources - both in Old and Middle English, which pre-date or are contemporary with Chaucer’s. A number o f their characteristics, especially structural, seem to anticipate similar traits o f contemporary scientific and technical discourse.
    Źródło:
    Stylistyka; 2008, 17; 227-234
    1230-2287
    2545-1669
    Pojawia się w:
    Stylistyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Anna Czarnowus: “Inscriptions on the Body: Monstrous Children in Middle English Literature” Katowice, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2009, 148 p. ISBN 978-83-226-1844-8
    Autorzy:
    Hansen, Agatha
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/700707.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Źródło:
    Romanica Silesiana; 2010, 5
    1898-2433
    2353-9887
    Pojawia się w:
    Romanica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Language Change within the Theory of Government Phonology
    Zmiana językowa w świetle fonologii rządu
    Autorzy:
    Drabikowska, Karolina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1887076.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    wczesny średnioangielski
    zmiana fonologiczna
    samogłoski
    funkcja elementów
    Early Middle English
    phonological change
    vowels
    element function
    Opis:
    Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu zmiany dźwiękowej w świetle fonologii rządu, zaproponowanej przez m.in. Kaye’a, Lowenstamma, Vergnaud (1985, 1990), Harrisa (1994), Cyrana (1997, 2010), Gussmanna (2002) i Bloch-Rozmej (2008). Przedmiotem badań jest zmiana polegająca na eliminacji samogłoski przedniej przymkniętej zaokrąglonej w okresie wczesnym średnioangielskim w czterech wybranych dialektach: północnym, centralno-wschodnim, centralno-zachodnim i południowo-zachodnim. W dialektach północnym i centralno-wschodnim, samogłoska /y/ utraciła zaokrąglenie bez względu na kontekst. Natomiast w pozostałych dwóch dialektach /y/ zachowała zaokrąglenie, przechodząc w samogłoskę tylną przymkniętą zaokrągloną /u/ w kontekście spółgłosek podniebienno-dziąsłowych. W tym przypadku samogłoska utraciła element palatalny I, który jest także obecny w spółgłoskach podniebienno-dziąsłowych. Przedstawiona analiza danych historycznych pozwala na określenie roli licencjonowania i tzw. Obligatory Contour Principle oraz nałożonych na nich ograniczeń przez funkcję elementów i ich przynależność do komponentów sylaby.
    The present paper is concerned with phonological change from the point of view of Government Phonology, as defined by Kaye, Lowenstamm, Vergnaud (1985, 1990), Harris (1994), Cyran (1997, 2010), Gussmann (2002) and Bloch-Rozmej (2008) among others. The research has a form of a diachronic case study, namely the case of the Early Middle English development, traditionally referred to as the elimination of the front rounded vowel in four dialects of Middle English, that is, the East Midland, the North, the West Midland and the South Western dialects. The process disposing of OE /y/ deserves closer attention since it is characterised by a great complexity. In the majority of cases the high front rounded vowel was simply unrounded regardless of the context. In this case we might argue that the palatal element was retained, while roundness was removed. However, especially crucial for the analysis is the change which distinguishes the latter two dialects, namely lOE /y/ → eME /u/ in palatalised environment in the West Midlands and the South West. What is particularly interesting is the fact that the palatal element I in lOE /y/ is not preserved in palatalised context. Conversely, it is roundness that is preserved rather than the palatal element. A closer scrutiny of historical data allows us to determine the role of a licensing constraint and a revised version of the Obligatory Contour Principle in these developments as well as to discover the limitations imposed on both of the abovementioned processes by headedness and constituency.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2014, 62, 5; 71-83
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Transmission of the Agnus Castus Herbal: From Manuscript to Early Print
    Autorzy:
    Esteve-Ramos, María José
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084579.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    manuscripts
    Agnus Castus Herbal
    materia medica
    scientific English
    Middle English
    Early Modern English
    manuskrypty
    naukowy angielski
    średnioangielski
    wczesna angielszczyzna
    Opis:
    This article aims at understanding how scientific writing was evolving from the medieval to the Early Modern times through the study of two copies of the same text belonging to both periods: the Agnus Castus Herbal. This text offers the possibility of studying the fluidity of this specific type of discourse in a time of a profound technological innovation, reflecting the way the texts were not only produced but also perceived. For those making decisions on how to present this old material to new readers and through a new medium, the influence of the new humanist views and the powerful middle-class may have influenced the final resolutions. The Agnus Castus Herbal was a very popular tract in the Middle Ages, a fundamental part of medical treatments at the time, and was probably still of great interest in the early sixteenth century. Its Early Modern English counterpart – published in 1525 – is the first Herbal printed in England.
    Celem artykułu jest zrozumienie jak piśmiennictwo naukowe ewoluowało od średniowiecza do czasów nowożytnych. Badanie oparte jest na dwóch kopiach zielnika (Agnus Castus Herbal), który powstał w obu badanych okresach. Analiza tego tekstu pozwala zaobserwować zmiany jakie zachodziły w tego typu tekstach, oraz jak zmiany technologiczne wpłynęły na produkcję oraz postrzeganie zielników. Agnus Castus Herbal był bardzo popularnym traktatem w średniowieczu i prawdopodobnie nadal cieszył się dużym zainteresowaniem na początku XVI wieku. Jego wczesnoangielski odpowiednik – wydany w 1525 r. – jest pierwszym zielnikiem wydrukowanym w Anglii.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2021, 3; 319-333
    0023-5911
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ichaussage und Autobiographie im englischen Mittelalter: Zwischen Konvention und Individualität
    Self-Description and Autobiography in Medieval England
    Autorzy:
    Sauer, Hans
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231480.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    autobiography
    mentioning one’s name
    Old English
    Middle English and medieval Latin literature
    “Deor”
    Chaucer
    Hoccleve
    Margery Kempe
    Opis:
    This article deals with autobiographical remarks and autobiographies written in medieval England, either by English authors or by authors who came to England (mainly from France), as well as by authors that were born in England but moved (or had to move) abroad (mainly to France). The survey is broad in that it takes not only Old and Middle English texts into account, but also relevant Latin texts. A wide range of material exists, from passages where authors simply mention their name to fully-fledged autobiographies, such as the Book of Margery Kempe, which is often regarded as the first genuine English autobiography. In another respect, my scope is narrower than that of some previous critics (especially Brandl and Misch): autobiographies by clearly fictitious characters such as Beowulf or the speakers in many of the Old English elegies are excluded. However, the borderline between the genuine and the fictitious is not always easy to draw. Therefore, I also briefly discuss the Old English elegy “Deor”, where the speaker mentions his name (Deor), but is nevertheless probably a fictitious character. It is also not always easy to decide where the autobiography describes real events and where the speaker uses or at least seems to use topoi, conventionalized images; but even a conventionalized image can express real events. There are several cases where the speaker describes himself as an old man, who repents the luxurious and sinful life which he led in his youth. Due to these and similar problems, scholars have not been able to identify some authors or characters, even if their names are mentioned. This applies to the Old English poet Cynewulf or to Nicholas of Guildford, who is referred to as a wise man at the end of the Early Middle English poem “Owl and Nightingale.” Chaucer is the only author who describes himself with a bit of clear self-irony – this confirms Chaucer’s exceptional status among the medieval English poets.
    Źródło:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2020, 10; 207-222
    2299-7164
    2353-3218
    Pojawia się w:
    Academic Journal of Modern Philology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quemlibet dehortari ne … senectutis vicia desideret. Maximianus’s Elegy on Old Age and a Few Examples of Its Medieval Reception
    Autorzy:
    Wasyl, Anna Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046780.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Maximianus
    old age in Latin literature
    Eugenius of Toledo
    Columbanus of Bobbio
    Imitatio Maximiani
    Maximianus’s echoes in Middle English literature (Le Regret de Maximian
    Geoffrey Chaucer’s Pardoner’s Tale)
    ms BJ 1954 & BJ 2141
    Biblioteka J
    Opis:
    The present paper is devoted to Maximianus, and in particular to the motif of mala senectutis as developed by this late antique (6th cent. A.D.) Latin elegiac poet. After discussing some particularly informative passages, I focus on Maximianus’s interpretations and reinterpretations by Columbanus (543 – 615), Eugenius of Toledo († 657), and the anonymous author of the ninth century Imitatio Maximiani. I also point out his presence in vernacular medieval literature, namely English. Last but not least, I demonstrate how Maximianus’s image of an old man praying to Mother Earth inspired one of medieval scribes copying his text (in ms BJ 2141).
    Źródło:
    Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae; 2014, 24, 2; 135-152
    0302-7384
    Pojawia się w:
    Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Compensatory Lengthening in OT and DOT: Loss of Dorsal Fricatives in Middle or Early Modern English
    Autorzy:
    Kleban, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973911.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Compensatory Lengthening,
    moraic phonology,
    Optimality Theory,
    Derivational Optimality Theory
    Opis:
    The loss of dorsal fricatives in English held significant consequences for the adjacent tautosyllabic vowels, which underwent Compensatory Lengthening in order to preserve a syllable weight. While the process appears to be regular in descriptive terms, its evaluation handled within standard Optimality Theory highlights the ineffectiveness of the framework to parse both the segment deletion and two weight-related processes: Weight- by-Position and vowel lengthening due to mora preservation. As Optimality Theory has failed to analyse the data in a compelling manner, the introduction of derivation, benefit- ting from the legacy of Lexical Phonology, seems inevitable. The working solution is provided by Derivational Optimality Theory, which assumes a restrictive use of intermediate stages throughout the evaluation.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2019, 28/2; 47-61
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Śmierć i uroczystości pogrzebowe w zapiskach siedemnastowiecznych przedstawicieli angielskiej klasy średniej
    Death and burial in the second part of 17th century English middle class diaries
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/968524.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    In this article using diaries and other kind of memoirs written by Samuel Pepys, John Evelyn, Adam Martindale, Sara Savage, John Dunton, Henry Newcome, as well as 17th century ballads and goodly books, I tried to describe customs connected to process of dying. Particularly I wrote about idea of good death, both in religion and more material sphere, mourning and burial ceremony. In the second part of 17th century reflections connected to death were common and popular due to high mortal rank. People wrote their testaments even few times in life, usually before some risky entertainment, like long voyage or, in case of women, child delivery. Unfortunately in many cases even plain testament wasn’t enough to prevent disagreements between family members. We can observe such problems in Samuel Pepys family. We also have to remember that idea of good death was tightly connected with religion issues and many people spent their last moments on meditations, prayers or giving good advices to family members. In that period were also popular different kinds of guidebooks, especially goodly books, in with were described the proper way of life and, especially, of dying. I described some of them and tried to confront ideals from this kind of literaturę with the life of diaries authors. I also described in details the burial ceremony and the funeral banquet.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2015, 94
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Treatment of Prisoners of War in the Middle Ages: Western European Examples
    Autorzy:
    Niewiński, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798784.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-10-30
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Middle Ages; War; Prisoners
    Opis:
    The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne 64 (2014), issue 2. The present article indicates some examples of the circumstances and ways of taking prisoners of war into captivity during military conflicts, the different possibilities of treating them and some measures to release them. The article includes, among others, fixed gestures and signs that were used to manifest the intention of giving oneself into the hands of one’s opponent and the ways of treating other prisoners of war. The examples cited herein, related to the captivity of kings, illustrate how different were the ways of treating prisoners of war, even of the same rank. Moreover, they show that some aspects of a politico-economic nature were superior to those indicated by the chivalric code. At the same time, the Crusades and close encounters with the Islamic world contributed to the considerable growth of sensibility to the fate of prisoners of war, which was expressed by the institutionalised (at least partially) procedure of giving freedom.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2019, 67, 2 Selected Papers in English; 7-41
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Denigrating Ethnic Others as Animals and Monsters in the Middle Ages: the Case of the „tailed English”
    Poniżanie ludzi obcych etnicznie poprzez ukazywanie ich jako zwierząt i monstrów w średniowieczu – przypadek „Anglików, którzy mają ogony”
    Autorzy:
    Michalski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/33773410.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    tailed English – motif
    ethnic invective
    ethnic stereotypes
    monstrosity – middle ages
    Anglicy, którzy mają ogony – motyw
    inwektywy etniczne
    stereotypy etniczne
    monstrualność – wieki średnie
    Opis:
    The article takes a close look at the opinion that the Englishmen had tails as an example of negative attitudes towards alien ethnic groups held by medieval societies, that manifested itself in describing these groups’ members as animals and monsters. The author presents the oldest records mentioning the belief, emphasizing their diffusion already in the second half of the 12th century. He places an emphasis on the references in which the Englishmen are identified with animals because of the accusation of having tails. The most interesting account of this kind is Proprietates Anglicorum. Its creator advances the logical argument which he concludes that the inhabitants of Rochester punished by God with tails are monsters. The author stresses that this record follows the vigorous debates of the turn of the 14th century about the humanity of so-called monstrous races. In the following part of the article he analyses the explanation of disfigurement described by Jean d’Outremeuse (Ly myreur des histors). The author also examines the accounts in which an affiliation of the tails of the English to a species is provided. In this way the pejorative symbolism of the animals is assigned to these people as well. Just as in the cases of other groups accused of monstrosity and having tails, the invective thrown at inhabitants of England determines their identity as a people who are not fully human and hence are fundamentally different from those who offend them. Such humiliation – questioning of their humanity through an accusation of being an animal or a monster must be perceived as especially harsh. It was the very harshness of the invective that was the reason for its popularity.
    Przedmiotem artykułu jest bliższe spojrzenie na opinię o tym, że Anglicy mają ogony jako przykładowi negatywnego stosunku średniowiecznych społeczności do grup etnicznie obcych, przejawiającego się w przedstawianiu ich członków jako zwierząt i monstrów. Autor przedstawia najstarsze przekazy dotyczące przekonania, podkreślając ich rozpowszechnienie już w II poł. XII w. Jego uwaga skupia się na wzmiankach w których, z powodu zarzutu posiadania ogonów, Anglików utożsamiano ze zwierzętami. Najciekawszym przekazem tego rodzaju jest dziełko Proprietates Anglicorum. Jego twórca przeprowadza logiczny wywód, w wyniku którego stwierdza, że pokarani przez Boga ogonami mieszkańcy Rochester są monstrami. Autor akcentuje, że przekaz ów wpisuje się w żywe na przełomie XIII/XIV w. dyskusje o człowieczeństwie tzw. monstrualnych ras. W dalszej części artykułu analizuje zaś wytłumaczenie zniekształcenia przedstawione przez Jeana d’Outremeuse (Ly myreur des histors). Autor rozpatruje też wzmianki, w których identyfikuje się przynależność gatunkową ogonów Anglików, za sprawą czego do członków tego ludu odnosi się symbolikę zwierząt postrzeganych jako negatywne. Podobnie jak w przypadku innych grup oskarżanych o monstrualność oraz o posiadanie ogonów, inwektywa dotykająca mieszkańców Anglii dookreśla ich tożsamość jako osób nie będących w pełni ludźmi, a zatem w sposób zasadniczy odróżniających się od tych, którzy ich obrazili. Poniżenie poprzez podważenie człowieczeństwa za sprawą oskarżenia o bycie zwierzęciem lub monstrum trzeba uznać za szczególnie dotkliwe. To właśnie ta dotkliwość inwektywy była powodem jej popularności.
    Źródło:
    Res Historica; 2022, 54; 33-55
    2082-6060
    Pojawia się w:
    Res Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Současná česka kultura styl básnických a dramatických tcxti a kultui u / kultivovanost jazyka / řeči
    Contemporary Czech culture (the style of poetic and dramatic texts) and the culture / cultivation o f language / speech
    Autorzy:
    HOFFMANNOVÁ, JANA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953409.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-11
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Tematy:
    language speech culture/cultivation
    high — middle — low style
    contemporary Czech drama and poetry
    expressive means
    slang
    vulgarisms
    English loanwords
    trendy words
    Opis:
    This páper attempts to interrelate culture (as a set of values produced and received by a specific community, including its artistic and literary production) and language/speechculture/cultiva on. Its point of departure is the classic hierarchy of styles, the differentiation between high style (which is associated with cultivated, and in Czech, exclusively standardlanguage expression), middle and low style. Low style is characterized by the use of non-standard. slang and expressive means and vulgarisms, and currently extends into Czechliteratuře; the style characteristics o f which, in addition to the non-standard means listed above, are contributed to by a significant amount of English loanwords, trendy words and phi ases (often from the media and advertising spheres). The use of all means of low style by the younger generation o f Czech authors is motivated by cnrical attitudes towards thecontemporary consumption-oriented society. This is documented in the páper through examples irom two playwrights (David Drábek, Petr Kolečko) and two poets (Karel Škrabal, JanTesnohlídek, Jr.). The critical orientation of the authors is directed toward the lifestyle of the society - it is, of course, a question, how to evaluate their work from the perspective of languageculture/cultivation.
    Źródło:
    Stylistyka; 2012, 21; 83-96
    1230-2287
    2545-1669
    Pojawia się w:
    Stylistyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monasticism And Pleasure In The Mary Play From The N-Town Cycle
    Monastycyzm i zmysłowość w sztuce The Mary Play z cyklu N-town
    Autorzy:
    Wiącek, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/509012.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
    Tematy:
    English literature
    theatre
    miracle plays
    Middle Ages
    monasticism
    food
    Christianity
    Mary of Nazareth
    virtues
    sin
    gluttony.
    literatura angielska
    teatr
    misteria
    średniowiecze monastycyzm
    jedzenie
    chrześcijaństwo
    Maria z Nazaretu
    cnoty
    grzech
    łakomstwo.
    Opis:
    In The Mary Play, a late medieval English mystery play, young Virgin Mary is sent to the Temple in order to live her life in accordance to monastic values of humility and piety. However, on the very threshold she is visited by an angel who presents her with gifts of heavenly sustenance, which form and taste evoke in her sensual pleasures of great volume. This appears to not only contradict her previous pious statements, but also suggests sinful excess and overindulgence. The aim of this paper is to analyze the reasons why Mary’s response to the heavenly gifts can be perceived as sinful in the context of the medieval approach towards food and excess in consumption, as well as prove that Mary’s behaviour is actually a part of a valuable moral lesson in restraint and monastic values of charity and piety. The analysis of the play is supported by works of historians of medieval drama such as Peter Meredith and Stephen Spector, social historians of the Middle Ages, such as Roy Strong and James G. Clark, focusing on monastic life, food and attitude towards food, as well as the ideas, rules and realities governing life in a cloistered society as described in the Benedicti regula monachorum.
    W późnośredniowiecznym angielskim misterium pt. The Mary Play, młoda Maryja zostaje wysłana do Świątyni, aby rozpocząć życie zgodne ze średniowiecznymi monastycznymi ideami pokory i pobożności. Po przekroczeniu progu Świątyni odwiedza ją anioł z darem w postaci manny, której wygląd jak i smak wywołują u Maryi uczucie zmysłowej, nie zaś duchowej przyjemności, co nie tylko zdaje się zaprzeczać jej wcześniejszym pobożnym deklaracjom, ale też sugeruje grzeszne nieumiarkowanie. Artykuł ma na celu ukazać przyczyny, dla których reakcja Maryi na niebiańskie podarunki może zostać uznana za grzeszną w kontekście średniowiecznych reguł monastycznych, jak i ogólnego stosunku do jedzenia oraz nieumiarkowanej konsumpcji w średniowiecznej Europie, oraz udowodnić, że mimo tych wątpliwości późniejsze zachowanie Maryi jest w rzeczywistości częścią moralnej lekcji na temat monastycznych cnót, takich jak powściągliwość, dobroczynność i pobożność. Analiza tekstu sztuki oraz argumentacja wspierana jest opracowaniami krytycznymi z historii dramatu średniowiecznego, pracami z zakresu badań nad historią średniowiecznego społeczeństwa, głównie Roya Stronga i Jamesa G. Clarka, oraz reguł związanych z realiami monastycznego życia opisanych w Benedicti regula monachorum.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula; 2018, 58(1) Filologia; 57-64
    2353-2688
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Z relacji pomiędzy gotykiem i jego odwiecznymi filiacjami a stylem elżbietańskim w architekturze angielskiej
    On relations between Gothic, its eternal affi liations, and the Elizabethan style in English architecture
    Autorzy:
    Tołłoczko, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/217415.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków
    Tematy:
    Zjednoczone Królestwo
    Anglia
    średniowiecze
    renesans
    styl wiktoriański
    modernizm
    styl Tudorów
    styl królowej Elżbiety
    United Kingdom
    England
    late Middle Ages
    Renaissance
    Victorian style
    modernism
    Tudor style
    Elizabethan style
    Opis:
    Niniejszy esej poświęcony jest głównie stylowi królowej Elżbiety oraz wcześniejszym i późniejszym rudymentom szeroko rozumianego stylu Tudorów. Wielowiekowa kontynuacja stylu Tudorów i jego rozmaitych pochodnych, kierunku trwającego od lat osiemdziesiątych XV wieku, aż po wiek XX (np. budownictwo jednorodzinne), jest fenomenem brytyjskiej kultury architektonicznej, wydaje się być zjawiskiem bez precedensu. Należy zaznaczyć, iż styl Tudorów znalazł, w różnych epokach i w różnych krajach, licznych naśladowców, natomiast styl elżbietański pozostał zjawiskiem mającym raczej charakter precedensu.
    This essay is devoted mainly to the style of Queen Elizabeth I as well as the earlier and later rudiments of the broadly understood Tudor style. Centurieslong continuation of the Tudor style and its various derivatives, a trend lasting from the 1480s to the 20th century (e.g. single-family housing) is a phenomenon of British architectonic culture, and seems to be unprecedented. It ought to be emphasized that the Tudor style found numerous imitators in various epochs and countries, while the Elizabethan style has remained a precedent.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Konserwatorskie; 2016, 45; 7-21
    0860-2395
    2544-8870
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polish and English Discourses on the History of Medieval Italy: A Polysystem Study
    I discorsi polacchi ed inglesi sulla storia dell’Italia medioevale: uno studio di polisistema
    Autorzy:
    Marcinkiewicz, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37502701.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    polysystem theory
    Polish tradition of translation
    British tradition of translation
    historical discourse
    Middle Ages
    Opis:
    The article deals with the problem of polysystem differences between Polish and English historical text dealing with Middle Ages. In the Polish literary tradition, the Renaissance poetics of translation favored free adaptations, totally independent of the originals. The British tradition of translation, codified at the end of the eighteenth century, did not allow paraphrase. On the contrary, translation should give a full transcript of the idea of the original text, while the style and manner of rendering should have the same character as in the original. As for the rhetoric of science, in the Polish language, it was first shaped by literary models of highly declensional Latin and then French models of purple prose. In the English language, scientific diction was based on inherent Germanic and Norman syntax-oriented models and openness to foreign patterns which was valued as a resistance against smooth reading and straightforward interpretations. The article analyses Henryk Samsonowicz’s introduction to Rozkwit średniowiecznej Europy [The Heyday of Medieval Europe] (2001) as well as the Polish translation of Chris Wickham’s Medieval Rome. Stability and Crisis of the City, 900–1150 (2015). The conclusion is that Polish and English scientific texts – not only those treating about Italy in the Middle Ages – belong to different genres. While Polish authors try to create linguistically transparent, smooth, and stylized essays belonging to belles-lettres, their English colleagues seem to be down-to-earth and precise, consciously preserving traces of cultural (Italian/ Roman) foreignness.
    L’articolo affronta il problema delle differenze di polisistema tra testi storici polacchi e inglesi che trattano del Medioevo. Nella tradizione letteraria polacca, le poetiche rinascimentali della traduzione prediligevano il libero adattamento, del tutto indipendente dall’originale. La tradizione britannica della traduzione, codificata alla fine del XVIII secolo non permetteva la parafrasi. Al contrario, la traduzione dovrebbe trasmettere totalmente l’idea del testo originale, mentre lo stile e il modo di renderle dovrebbero avere le stesse caratteristiche dell’originale. Per quanto riguarda la retorica della scienza, nella lingua polacca, essa è stata dapprima formata da modelli letterari latini altamente declinanti e in seguito da modelli francesi di prosa ornata. Nella lingua inglese, la dizione scientifica era basata su modelli orientati alla sintassi germanica e normanna e l’apertura verso modelli stranieri era valutata come una resistenza ad una lettura scorrevole e ad interpretazioni chiare. L’articolo analizza l’introduzione di Henryk Samsonowicz a Rozkwit średniowiecz-nej Europy [Lo splendore dell’Europa Medioevale] (2001), così come la traduzione polacca di Medieval Rome. Stability and Crisis of the City di Chris Wickham (2015). Si conclude che i testi scientifici polacchi ed inglesi – non solo quelli che trattano dell’Italia nel Medioevo – appartengono a generi diversi. Mentre gli autori polacchi cercano di creare saggi linguisicamente trasparenti, scorrevoli e stilizzati appartenenti alle belles-lettres, i loro colleghi inglesi sembrano essere più concreti e precisi, conservando consapevolmente le tracce dell’alterità culturale (italiana/romana).
    Źródło:
    Perspektywy Kultury; 2023, 41, 2/1; 163-180
    2081-1446
    2719-8014
    Pojawia się w:
    Perspektywy Kultury
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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