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Tytuł:
Influence of a real radio channel parameters on the quality of the OFDM signal in mobile applications. Estimation of parameters of the channel as an element of improvement of the transmission quality
Autorzy:
Bożek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/385028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
OFDM
radio transmission
multi-path
radio channel estimation
Opis:
The article deals with issues related to transmission of a signal with the OFDM multitude modulation in a real radio channel. Following short characteristics of the OFDM modulation, the article includes an analysis of typical radio channels from the angle of amplitude and phase on the basis of delay profiles referred to in the literature. The study contains results of simulated receipt of the OFDM signal in the multi-path conditions. On the basis of diagrams of constellation of the modulation symbols, the author presented differences in the quality of the signal before and after the phase correction and improvement in the quality due to application of cyclic prefix. Influence of noise as well as the fact that the terminals are non-stationary on operation of the frequency characteristics estimation algorithm was analyzed. At the end, an example was presented of application of a linear model of estimation of phase characteristics of a channel with the shift in frequency occurring in mobile systems as a consequence of the Doppler effect being compensated.
Źródło:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2007, 1, 3; 64-68
1897-8649
2080-2145
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Built-In Electric Field in High Quality GaN/AlGaN Quantum Wells
Autorzy:
Zieleniewski, K.
Pakuła, K.
Bożek, R.
Masztalerz, K.
Wysmołek, A.
Stępniewski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.55.Cr
78.67.De
77.55.hn
81.15.Gh
Opis:
We report studies on electric field built in GaN/Al$\text{}_{0.09}$Ga$\text{}_{0.91}$N structure of nominally 6 nm wide quantum well. The sample was grown in horizontal metal-organic chemical vapor deposition reactor using innovative technology that decreases the density of screw dislocations. Firstly, using visible and mid infra-red interference pattern along the sample, the layer thickness and consequently the quantum well width was determined to vary linearly with the position. Secondly, photoluminescence spectra was taken at different positions. Correlation of those two measurements allows us to determine the built-in electric field to be 0.66 MV/cm, which is considerably larger than previously reported for similar structures.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2011, 119, 5; 657-659
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microscopic Investigation of SiC Epitaxial Layers οn On-Axis 4H-SiC Substrates Using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy
Autorzy:
Kościewicz, K.
Bożek, R.
Strupiński, W.
Olszyna, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
68.35.bg
81.15.-z
34.20.-b
61.05.J-
Opis:
We report on Kelvin probe force microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction measurements of 3C-SiC epitaxial layers grown on exactly oriented Si-face 4H-SiC (0001) substrates in a horizontal hot-wall chemical vapor deposition reactor, in the temperature range from 1150°C to 1620°C, under $H_{2}$ or $H_{2}$ $+SiH_{4}$ atmosphere. The investigated layers were doped with nitrogen (for n-type) and aluminium (for p-type). The electron backscatter diffraction analysis revealed structure of polytype 3C blocks with a relative rotation of 60 and/or 120°. The Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements revealed cubic substructure as a equilateral triangle objects contrast which is characteristic of 3C silicon carbide polytype. The surface potential contrast was found to be dependent on the type and concentration of doping, which could be explained in terms of the impurities accumulation at block boundaries.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 116, S; S-69-S-71
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Viral hepatitis C in Poland in the Silesian Province between 2005–2014
Autorzy:
Braczkowska, B.
Kowalska, M.
Barański, K.
Mendera-Bożek, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
Silesia
hepatitis C
epidemiology
Polska
Opis:
Introduction and objective. Viral hepatitis C remains one of the major health and social problems related to infectious diseases in Poland. The aim of the study was assessment of the registered changes in the incidence of HCV in the Silesian Province of western Poland during the last 10 years, including age, gender and place of residence. Materials and method. A retrospective analysis was performed of the HCV incidence between 2005–2014 in the Silesian Province. The crude and standardized incidence rates were calculated for males and females in each year. Subsequently, the territorial diversity of the epidemiological situation in the districts was assessed by calculating the average incidence rate over the entire study period. Results. Incidence rates calculated according to the case definition of 2005 ranged between 5.95/100000 in 2005 to 10.36/100000 in 2014. Analysis of the structure of the incidence showed that during the analyzed period, the majority of hepatitis C cases were related to males (52.5%) rather than females (47.5%), and hepatitis C was more prevalent in younger males (aged 20–49) and older females (aged over 50). After excluding the effect of age, the standardized rates were twice as low, compared to the crude incidence rates. Conclusions. An increase in the HCV incidence rate was observed in males and females. It is obvious that the detection of additional cases will entail the need to provide funding for the treatment of more patients, which should be included in the map of regional health needs in the coming years. Our study demonstrates the temporal and spatial variability of HCV incidence in the Silesian Province of Poland. The observed increase in the crude and standardized rates suggests that the current registry system of HCV in Poland is more effective now. The current situation is comparable with the data in other EU countries.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 2; 224-228
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nectar and pollen production in Arabis procurrens Waldst. and Kit. and Iberis sempervirens L. (Brassicaceae)
Produkcja pyłku i nektaru w kwiatach Arabis procurrens Waldst. and Kit. and Iberis sempervirens L. (Brassicaceae)
Autorzy:
Strzalkowska-Abramek, M.
Tymoszuk, K.
Jachula, J.
Bozek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Opis:
Ecological environment in urban areas is specific in many aspects. There are evidences that ornamental plants cultivated in local urban gardens may help in conservation of pollinators. In this study, the flowering pattern, the abundance of flowering, nectar and pollen production as well as insect visitation in Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. and Iberis sempervirens L. were investigated. The species were grown in the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, southeastern Poland. Arabis procurrens bloomed from the middle of April until middle of May and I. sempervirens from the end of April until middle of June. In both species, most flowers opened in the morning hours (40–45% of total were opened by 8:00 h GMT + 2 h). The average sugar yield of A. procurrens was ca. 53% lower compared to I. sempervirens (mean = 1.08 g/m2 and 2.32 g/m2, respectively). In both species, considerable differences in the amount of produced sugars were noted between years. The mass of pollen produced in the flowers of A. procurrens was approx. 35% lower compared to that of I. sempervirens (mean = 0.06 mg and 0.09 mg per flower, respectively). Pollen produced per unit area was correlated with the number of flowers. On average, the species produced 1.46 g (A. procurrens) and 2.54 g (I. sempervirens) of pollen per 1 m2. The flowers of A. procurrens attracted mainly dipterans (56.3% of total visitors), while I. sempervirens lured chiefly solitary bees (47.4% of total visitors), however in both cases, honeybees, bumblebees and lepidopterans were also recorded. The A. procurrens and I. sempervirens due to flowering in early spring period may be promoted for use in small gardens (rock or pot gardens) for both aesthetic value and as plants that support insect visitors in nectar and pollen rewards.
Przeprowadzone badania dotyczyły dynamiki i obfitości kwitnienia, wydzielania nektaru, produkcji pyłku oraz składu entomofauny dwóch gatunków: Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. i Iberis sempervirens L. uprawianych w Ogrodzie Botanicznym UMCS w Lublinie. Arabis procurrens kwitł od połowy kwietnia do połowy maja, natomiast I. sempervirens od końca kwietnia do połowy czerwca. U obu gatunków większość kwiatów (40–45%) rozkwitała wczesnym rankiem, tj. ok. 8:00 (GMT + 2 h). Średnia masa cukrów (w przeliczeniu na jednostkę powierzchni) A. procurrens była o ok. 53% mniejsza niż w przypadku I. sempervirens (odpowiednio 1.08 g/m2 i 2.32 g/m2). Stwierdzono istotne różnice w masie produkowanych cukrów pomiędzy latami badań dla każdego z badanych gatunków. Średnia masa pyłku produkowanego przez kwiaty A. procurrens była o ok. 35% mniejsza niż masa pyłku I. sempervirens (odpowiednio 0.06 mg i 0.09 mg). Wydajność pyłkowa, wynosząca 1.46 g/m2 dla A. procurrens i 2.54 g/m2 dla I. sempervirens, skorelowana była z liczbą kwiatów. Kwiaty A. procurrens oblatywane były głównie przez muchówki (56.3% liczby owadów), a kwiaty I. sempervirens- przez pszczoły samotnice (47.4%). Odnotowano również wizyty pszczoły miodnej, trzmieli i motyli. Badane gatunki roślin, ze względu na wczesną porę zakwitania, mogą stanowić uzupełnienie taśmy pokarmowej owadów zapylających.
Źródło:
Acta Agrobotanica; 2016, 69, 1
0065-0951
2300-357X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrobotanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Time Evolution of the Microluminescence Energy οf GaN/AlGaN Quantum Dots
Autorzy:
Surowiecka, K.
Wysmołek, A.
Stępniewski, R.
Bożek, R.
Pakuła, K.
Baranowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1791354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.55.Cr
78.67.Hc
Opis:
Time evolution of the microphotoluminescence from low-density GaN/$Al_{x}Ga_{1-x}N$ quantum dots grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition using in situ etching of AlGaN is presented. The observed effect is related to the energy changes that begin immediately after sample illumination with the exciting laser light and saturate after some time. Typically, the luminescence energy decreases and the change is exponential with characteristic times in a range between several dozen and several hundred seconds. However, sometimes we observed the energy increase with characteristic times in a range between several and a few hundred seconds. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the metastable change of the electric field, induced by spontaneous polarization present in GaN/AlGaN structure (in the growth direction), and strain- or defect-induced changes of the electric field in the vicinity of the dot.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2009, 116, 5; 933-935
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Photoreflectance Measurements of InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Wells
Autorzy:
Tomaszewicz, T.
Korona, K. P.
Bożek, R.
Baranowski, J. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1952324.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
68.55.Bd
73.20.Dx
78.66.Fd
Opis:
Samples with InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells were grown by metallo-organic chemical vapour deposition in order to detect and analyze GaSb islands deposited on the surface. Results of photoreflectance measurements of quantum wells are reported. The correspondence between broadening of quantum well transition lines and GaSb structures has been observed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1996, 90, 5; 965-968
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
FIR Magnetooptical Measurements on MOCVD Grown InAs
Autorzy:
Andrearczyk, T.
Karpierz, K.
Bożek, R.
Stępniewski, R.
Grynberg, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968009.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.30.-m
71.55.-i
72.40.+w
Opis:
In this paper we report results of magnetooptical measurements done on standard InAs MOCVD layers grown on GaAs. Extremely narrow lines (half-widths of the order of 20 mT) - narrower than found by other authors in high quality MBE InAs epilayers on GaAs - as well as the lines of typical half-widths have been found both in the photoconductivity spectra and in the transmission spectra. A detailed comparison with the theoretical dependence of shallow donor and Landau level energies on magnetic field leads to the conclusion that they originate from cyclotron resonance and impurity-shifted cyclotron resonance transitions in that material.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 92, 4; 699-703
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Single GaN/AlGaN Quantum Dot Spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Surowiecka, K.
Wysmołek, A.
Stępniewski, R.
Bożek, R.
Pakuła, K.
Baranowski, J. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.55.Cr
78.67.Hc
Opis:
Microphotoluminescence of low-density GaN/Al$\text{}_{x}$Ga$\text{}_{1-x}$N quantum dots grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy using in situ etching of AlGaN is presented. The detailed analysis of the emission from these structures enables the observation of pairs of lines separated by the energy up to 3 meV. They behave in a different way under different excitation power that suggests that this doublet structure can be associated with the exciton and trion (or biexciton recombination). It is observed that for different quantum dots the energy of the charged exciton complex emission could be higher or lower than the neutral exciton one. It is discussed in terms of a competition between attractive e-h and repulsive e-e (h-h) Coulomb interaction that occurs because of the existence of the built-in electric field that separates electrons and holes in the dot.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2007, 112, 2; 233-236
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Temporal Evolution of Multi-Carrier Complexes in Single GaN/AlGaN Quantum Dots
Autorzy:
Surowiecka, K.
Wysmołek, A.
Stępniewski, R.
Bożek, R.
Pakuła, K.
Baranowski, J. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044542.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
78.55.Cr
78.67.Hc
Opis:
Microphotoluminescence of low-density GaN/Al$\text{}_{x}$Ga$\text{}_{1-x}$N quantum dots grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy using in situ etching of AlGaN is presented. The narrow lines in the microphotoluminescence spectra due to the single quantum dots are observed. Both energy and intensity of these lines show temporal fluctuations. Statistical analysis based on the correlation matrix allowed us to identify objects, which are affected by photo-induced electric field fluctuations. Relations between emission lines participating in the spectrum are discussed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2005, 108, 5; 879-884
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tuning of Spectral Sensitivity of AlGaN/GaN UV Detector
Autorzy:
Korona, K. P.
Drabińska, A.
Trajnerowicz, A.
Bożek, R.
Pakuła, K.
Baranowski, J. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
73.40.Kp
73.50.Pz
78.40.Fy
Opis:
GaN/AlGaN photodetector that exhibits new interesting property is presented. Its spectral sensitivity depends upon bias voltage. Under positive or low negative bias the detector is sensitive mainly to the ultrafiolet radiation absorbed by AlGaN layer 3.7-3.8 eV. Under negative bias U$\text{}_{B}$ below -4 V, the detector is sensitive mainly to the radiation absorbed by GaN (3.4-3.6 eV). The effect can be explained based on numerical calculations of the electric field and potential profiles of this structure. The damping of GaN signal is attributed to activity of 2D electron gas formed on the GaN/AlGaN interface by spontaneous polarization. The reappearing of the signal is attributed to tunneling of holes through AlGaN, stimulated by a high electric field.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2003, 103, 6; 675-681
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical Properties of Molybdenum Disulfide $(MoS_2)$
Autorzy:
Gołasa, K.
Grzeszczyk, M.
Korona, K.
Bożek, R.
Binder, J.
Szczytko, J.
Wysmołek, A.
Babiński, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1399110.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-11
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
63.22.-m
71.35.-y
78.20.-e
78.30.-j
Opis:
Research of a monolayer and a bulk $MoS_2$ is reported. The room temperature Raman spectra of the natural $MoS_2$ crystals for the both resonant (632.8 nm) and the non-resonant (532 nm) excitation are presented. The apparent differences observed in the spectra from the bulk and the one monolayer $MoS_2$ are discussed. In particular, the feature due to a first order scattering involving the LA(M) phonon in the resonance Raman spectrum of the one monolayer $MoS_2$ was observed and explained in terms of the disorder in the natural crystal. The disorder is also documented by the line-shape of the room-temperature photoluminescence spectra observed from both the bulk and the one monolayer $MoS_2$.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2013, 124, 5; 849-851
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural and optical properties of boron nitride grown by MOVPE
Autorzy:
Dąbrowska, A.
Pakuła, K.
Bożek, R.
Rousset, J.
Ziółkowska, D.
Gołasa, K.
Korona, K.
Wysmołek, A.
Stępniewski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1160531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
81.15.Gh
78.30.Fs
78.20.-e
Opis:
Boron nitride layers were grown on sapphire substrate by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy system that was originally designed for growth of GaN. Structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, the Raman spectroscopy, absorption and time resolved photoluminescence. Presented results confirm successful deposition of BN layers and gives information about basic properties of the material. The Raman line at 1370 cm^{-1} and absorption edges at 5.6-5.9 eV were observed which is related to hexagonal phase.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 129, 1a; A-129-A-131
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potential and Carrier Distribution in AlGaN Superlattice
Autorzy:
Korona, K. P.
Pakuła, K.
Bożek, R.
Drabińska, A.
Surowiecka, K.
Stępniewski, R.
Zielińska-Rohozińska, E.
Baranowski, J. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
72.40.+w
73.61.Ey
73.21.Cd
Opis:
Photocurrent spectroscopy and Kelvin force microscopy have been used in order to determine charge, field, and potential distributions in spontaneously grown superlattice. The spectra show that light can generate currents and potentials in both directions depending on photon energy. A numerical model made for superlattice of periodλ$\text{}_{SL}$ = 33 nm shows that electric field in superlattice oscillates coherently with Al content. The oscillations of electric field explain the different directions of photocurrent. The electric field can also separate electrons and holes, making carrier lifetimes longer and lowering excitation intensity threshold for occupation inversion.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2005, 108, 4; 723-729
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Highly Compensated GaAs Crystal Obtained by Molecular CO Doping
Autorzy:
Bożek, R.
Korona, K. P.
Nowak, G.
Wasik, D.
Słupiński, T.
Kaczor, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929707.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
71.55.-i
78.55.-m
78.20.Jq
Opis:
GaAs:C crystal was grown by liquid encapsulated Czochralski technique with large partial pressure of CO in ambient atmosphere p$\text{}_{CO}$/p$\text{}_{tot}$ = 0.2 and investigated using near and infrared absorption, photoluminescence, photoconductivity, photo-induced current transient spectroscopy and photo-Hall measurements. High resistivity of the crystal was found in electrical measurements (10$\text{}^{7}$ Ω cm, the Fermi level at 0.67 eV below conduction band at 300 K). Local vibrational mode revealed increased concentration of carbon acceptor and presence of oxygen related complexes. Photoluminescence spectra were dominated by two bands with peak energies at 1.49 eV and 0.8 eV. The near band gap emission shifts with excitation intensity up to 4 meV/decade. In photocurrent spectrum a strong photoionization band with E = 0.55 eV is observed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1993, 84, 4; 669-672
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 24

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