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Tytuł:
OLHA KOBYLIANSKA AND ELIZA ORZESZKOWA: TWO WOMEN, ONE IDEA
Autorzy:
Lange, Anja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
women, work, family, feminism
Opis:
Olha Kobylianska and Eliza Orzeszkowa lived nearly at the same time, at the end of the 19,h century. Both wrote novels about the faith, life and identity of women, especially about the gender roles of men and women, therefore I cali their novels feministic ones. I consider them to be key works of feminism because they show the situation of women in their time. The aim of this article is to compare the novels Tsarivna by Kobylianska and Marta by Orzeszkowa to discuss some aspects of the situation of women in the 191" century in Eastern Europę.
Źródło:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH; 2013, 12, 1
2084-3364
Pojawia się w:
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La protection du travail des femmes en République Populaire de Pologne
Autorzy:
Matey, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43872050.pdf
Data publikacji:
1976-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
protection
work
woman
women's work
Polish Peoples Republic
labor protection
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1976, 2 (30); 49-63
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Globalisation and Women’s Work in the Beedi Industry
Autorzy:
Pande, Rekha
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Globalisation
women’s work
exploitation
beedi industry
occupational health hazard
home based
Opis:
The present paper views globalisation and women’s work and exploitation in a micro enterprise in India, the beedi (indigenous cigarette) industry with a case study from one of the states in India. Rural occupational structures and employment patterns in India have undergone a transition in the last few decades due to globalisation. Newer forms of employment like construction work, domestic services and beedi making have become alternatives to agricultural labour for women. Beedi is an indigenous cigarette, in which tobacco is rolled in a tendu leaf and tied with a cotton thread. This is smaller and less expensive than a cigarette and in the popular imagination it stands for the working class. This work is done sitting at home and mostly women and girls do it. This is a very gendered industry, for only women and girls that too from low-income groups make beedis. There is a lot of exploitation in this industry and this has only increased with the advent of globalisation but this is generally ignored by data gathering systems, policy makers and administrators. There is an occupational health hazard too for many of these workers suffer from various health hazards not because they are smoking these beedis but because they are making them.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2019, 37; 191-221
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kobieta w zakładzie pracy w Polsce Ludowej i po 1990 r. Analiza stanu prawnego
The Legal Aspects of the Employment of Women in the Polish People’s Republic and Today
Autorzy:
Kosztowna, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
employment of women
protection of women’s work
state ethics
J71
P23
N34
Opis:
The article deals with the mechanisms of female employment. The author has set herself the task of comparing the conditions of employment of women during the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) and contemporary times. The main aim was to indicate the evolution of labour law relating to women workers from a series of instructions and regulations of the Council of Ministers defining the protection of women's work before 1974, through a variety of general rules applicable to all employees, to the regulations contained in the Labour Code and also current legislation. The article attempts to assess the ethical actions taken by the state to improve the conditions of employment of women in the workplace. The text indicates the importance of the work in the lives of women. Occupational status and income level strongly influenced the behaviour of women, who in many cases took up work intended only for men due to the fact that during PRL it was only such work which would allow them to obtain a higher salary. The article indicates that today there is a special emphasis placed on the prohibition of restricting the employment of women in jobs and on the conditions of the employment of pregnant women. The author of this article has evaluated the legislation introduced by the state, which contributed to the increase in female activity in the labour market. However, in ethical terms of ethical it is very difficult to unambiguously assess the actions taken by the state for the protection of women's work in the PRL, but also in contemporary times.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 2
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Matki-menedżerki i ich powrót na rynek pracy po urodzeniu dziecka
Autorzy:
Rękas, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
family promoting policy
family model
supply factors for women’s work
professional activity
reproduction
Opis:
Disadvantageous social & demographic trends in the European Union, in particular, ageing of the society and the decrease in the reproduction, force a public debate focused on conditions which could promote linking of the professional life and the family life. One of significant elements of the family promoting policy must be employment market situation adjusted to the needs of women, who must work and face the family issues. A substantial matter for women, who are mothers, is liquidation of obstacles arising from the return of women to the employment market. Giving birth must not mean falling out of the market and the long-term unemployment. Previous efforts made in Poland have failed. Even worse, the latest data regarding the unemployment rate originating from the MPiPS (Ministry of Labor and Social Policy) show that at the end of the first half 2012, the unemployment record contained data of 211 thousands women who did not return to work after they had given birth. This is by 18 thousand more than in 2011 and by 36 thousand more compared to 2010. Moreover, in Poland, when a woman returns to work after the expiration of the maternity leave, a guarantee of getting her job back is limited (art. 1832 Labor Code); she is not protected from a dismissal. The goal of this paper is an assessment of Polish mothers-managers situation, including situation of women who run their businesses, returning to the employment market after giving birth. The results are based on own survey. To achieve the goal the impact of changes on the employment market in the twenty first century on the contemporary family model was described. A previous model, so called single breadwinner, that is a traditional family model with a man being the sole person who works, is no longer valid. Moreover, there were enumerated factors, which affect the professional activity of women-mothers, on the basis of research in the framework of the scientific project “Social Diagnosis 2000-2009”. They proved that having a baby means nearly 100% increase in the professional activity of fathers and the decrease in the professional activity of mothers by 75%. In order to achieve the goal the following methods and analysis were used: the descriptive method, comparative analysis and the critical analysis of results. The analyses were based on own studies carried out from May to July 2012. The subject of the study was a group of 263 women. All of the women had children, they were professionally active and all of them were hired on managerial positions or they run their private businesses. The women lived in Jelenia Góra, Kamienna Góra and Wałbrzych poviats. The survey aimed to diagnose the situation of women who had children on the employment market and to assess the impact of having children on the professional status. The survey proved that mothers-managers stay beyond the employment market no longer than the statutory time of the maternity leave. More than 70% women did not use the right to the child care leave and the remaining approx. 30% women resigned the leave after 3-6 months. The women explained that they were worried about losing their jobs, losing incomes, and in the future, having lower pensions. Finally, they were worried that their skills would become poor which could negatively affect their chances for professional promotion. It should be mentioned that 62% women established their businesses having in mind the problems which occur after giving birth or no chance to be employed, in particular until a child is 4 years old. In the light of such results of the survey the author concludes that the extension of the maternity leave time may not be accepted by women who take managerial positions and those who run their own businesses. However, other changes are desired (presented in the conclusions section) e.g.: setting up a chain of day nurseries, kindergartens and common rooms open till 8 p.m., setting up a chain of easily accessible services which decrease the liabilities of women in terms of housework, setting up complex work-life programs, promotion of flexible work time and modern forms of employment (e.g., telecommuting, like in France which implemented a tax relief for mothers who choose this form of employment, or possibility to work partially at home), and, which is very significant, promotion of the social acceptance for men’s engagement into child care and family duties.
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 2 (23); 168-179
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność Związku Pracy Obywatelskiej Kobiet w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim w latach 1930–1939
The Activity of the Women Citizens’ Work Association in Piotrków Trybunalski in 1930–1939
Autorzy:
Majewska, Ludwika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1401432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-25
Wydawca:
Państwowa Uczelnia Zawodowa we Włocławku
Tematy:
Związek Pracy Obywatelskiej Kobiet
Piotrków Trybunalski
Wanda Grabowska
wychowanie obywatelskie
Women Citizens’ Work Association
citizens’ upbringing
Opis:
Związek Pracy Obywatelskiej Kobiet był jedną z największych organizacji kobiecych w Polsce międzywojennej. Swoją działalność prowadził poprzez Oddziały, znajdujące się na terenie całego kraju. Piotrkowski Oddział powstał po dwóch latach od założenia organizacji w Warszawie. Inicjatorkami jego powstania były kobiety, które wybitnie zasłużyły się dla polskiej państwowości. Celem Związku była odnowa moralna polskiego społeczeństwa poprzez pogłębienie idei państwowotwórczej Józefa Piłsudskiego. Kobiety podjęły się wychowania polskiego społeczeństwa na świadomych swoich praw i obowiązków obywateli. Swoją rolę pełniły poprzez szereg działań o wymiarze socjalnym oraz politycznym.
The Women Citizens’ Work Association (Związek Pracy Obywatelskiej Kobiet) was one of the largest women’s organizations in the Interwar Period in Poland. Its work was carried out by Agencies located all over the country. The Agency in Piotrków was established two years after its headquarters in Warsaw. The initiators of its creation were women who served Polish statehood remarkably. Its main aim was the moral renewal of Polish society by strengthening the political state-forming efforts of Józef Piłsudski. Women undertook to educate Polish society on their citizens' rights and obligations. They played their role through a series of activities in social and political life.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne; 2019, 15, 1; 30-54
1896-4087
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The prospective status of women in Israel following a clash between the feminist and religious revolutions in the Israeli army
Autorzy:
Pershitz, Anat
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16017222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
gender and power
feminism
gender discrimination
Israeli Women and Labor Market
the status of women at work
the Israeli Army
Opis:
In the past decade, the Israeli Army (IDF) has been undergoing simultane-ously two ‘social revolutions’: a ‘feminist revolution’ and a “religious revolution”. The two revolutions have different and conflicting ideologies causing a clash of values. Feminist values demand the integration of women in the army without gender separation, whereas religious principles require modesty and gender separation. At the moment, in practice, religious values which under-mine women’s equal opportunities in the army outweigh democratic values. If the secular women and men in Israeli society will not act to deprive the IDF of its unofficial and unauthorized role of balancing conflicting values in society, the status and roles of women in the army will be downgraded, directly im-pacting gender inequality in the employment market.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2019, 19; 289-302
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Praca emocjonalna w narracjach kobiet
EMOTIONAL WORK IN WOMEN’S NARRATIONS
Autorzy:
Przybylska, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/463992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademickie Towarzystwo Andragogiczne
Tematy:
praca emocjonalna kobiet
sfera prywatna
sfera publiczna
women’s emotional work
private sphere
public sphere
Opis:
Prezentowany tekst jest wprowadzeniem do dyskusji nad przemianami w pracy emocjonalnej kobiet. Otwiera go wprowadzenie teoretyczne do kategorii badawczej, jaką jest praca emocjonalna w sferze prywatnej (emotional work) i w sferze zawodowej (emotiona labour). W projekcie zostaje przyjęta kulturowa koncepcja emocji Arlie Russel Hochschild. Zasadniczą część artykułu stanowią sygnały z wywiadów narracyjnych z 10 kobietami w przedziale wiekowym 30–40 lat. Materiał przedstawiono tak, by odpowiedzieć na pytania między innymi o to: Czy i jak redefinicja roli kobiety, wynikająca z przemian kulturowych, zmienia przestrzeń prywatną moich rozmówczyń? W jakich obszarach życia domowego badane kobiety doświadczają pracy emocjonalnej? Z racji przyjętej formuły tekst ma na celu tylko zasygnalizować obszary, w których kobiety podejmują wzmożoną pracę emocjonalną.
The presented text is an introduction to the discussion about the changes in emotional work of women. It starts with theoretical introduction to the main research category, which is emotional work in the private sphere (emotional work) and the professional sphere (emotional labour). In the project, I adopted the cultural concept of emotions by Arlie Russel Hochschild. The main part of the article contains the signals from narrative interviews with 10 women, in the age ranging 30–40. The data is analysed in order to find the answer to research questions. The most important are two: Do the women experience the change of their roles in private and public sphere? What are the areas of the home life in which they experience the tensions connected with emotional work? Because of the implemented formula, the text intends only to point to the areas in which women undertake increased emotional work.
Źródło:
Edukacja Dorosłych; 2019, 2; 35-48
1230-929X
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Dorosłych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kobieta z zespołem Turnera na rynku pracy
A Woman with Turner Syndrome in the Job Market
Autorzy:
Waliczek, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1401445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-25
Wydawca:
Państwowa Uczelnia Zawodowa we Włocławku
Tematy:
zespół Turnera
rynek pracy
niskorosłość
praca kobiet
praca osób z niepełnosprawnością
Turner syndrome
job market
short stature
women at work
persons with disabilities at work
Opis:
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest sytuacji kobiet z zespołem Turnera na rynku pracy. Pacjentki, o których mowa, dotknięte są schorzeniem genetycznym, prowadzącym do niskorosłości, bezpłodności, wad narządów wewnętrznych oraz tendencji do zapadania na liczne choroby przewlekłe. Codzienne funkcjonowanie kobiet z ZT w żaden sposób nie różni się od funkcjonowania kobiet o prawidłowym kariotypie, choć bezpłodność i choroby towarzyszące mają wpływ na różne aspekty ich życia. Potencjalnie mogą one doświadczać dwojakiej formy dyskryminacji w swoim miejscu pracy – ze względu na płeć i ze względu na niepełnosprawność. Przebadano 14 dorosłych kobiet z zespołem Turnera. Zaproponowany kwestionariusz ankiety zawierał pytania dotyczące stanu zdrowia i historii leczenia, sytuacji rodzinnej, ścieżki edukacyjnej oraz doświadczeń na polu zawodowym. Załączono również rekomendacje do wdrożenia w środowisku kobiet z ZT w celu kształtowania dobrych praktyk.
The article is about the situation of women with Turner Syndrome in the job market. The patients are suffering from a genetic disorder that leads to short stature, infertility, organ malformation and higher risk of many long-term diseases. The daily functioning of TS women does not differ from the functioning of women with a normal karyotype, though it is true that infertility and health problems do affect many aspects of their lives. Potentially they may experience the two types of discrimination in their working place – discrimination against women and discrimination against people with disabilities. The research engaged 14 adult women with TS. The questionnaire included questions about health history, family situation, education and career experience. The recommendations for good practices were also included.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne; 2019, 15, 2; 126-143
1896-4087
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Artystki w pracy i o pracy. Poznawcze wymiary sztuki
Female artists in work and about work. The cognitive dimensions of art
Autorzy:
Sikorska, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/424649.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku
Tematy:
produkcja wiedzy, upłciowiony podział pracy, sztuka kobiet/kobieca, production of knowledge, genedered division of work, women/female art
Opis:
The subject of the article is the work of women artists, aiming to produce knowledge and reflection in order to change the social reality in which they live. The author invokes the report Little Chance to Advance? An Inquiry into the Presence of Women in Art Academies in Poland (by the Katarzyna Kozyra Foundation) in order to introduce the difficult and unfair work conditions for female artists in art academies. She attempts to recognize other cultural and social conditions of women’s roles within the Polish artworld by analysing the artistic practices of Elżbieta Jabłońska, Joanna Wowrzeczka and Julia Popławska. All these female artists raise questions about their work and the work of other women - living in two spaces: public and private. Their experience is doubly underprivileged – as women – they are worse paid, they are burdened by cultural stereotypes (connected with female-male oppositions like female nature – male culture, what is male is more valuable), they don’t have access to as many jobs and social positions, etc. As female artists they are often treated in a condescending manner, they are not often promoted within art academies, female art is viewed as less rational, less important, and as a consequence – notoriously under-funded. Wondering about these socio-cultural contexts the author attempts to point out the cognitive dimension of art and knowledge with regard to the gendered division of work.
Źródło:
Sztuka i Dokumentacja; 2016, 14; 74-83
2080-413X
Pojawia się w:
Sztuka i Dokumentacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Entrepreneur Woman: Challenges and Opportunities
Autorzy:
Loera, Marcela Rebeca Contreras
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21375343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
entrepreneurship
female work
women
Opis:
In recent years, female entrepreneurship has increased considerably on a global and national scale, and Sinaloa is no exception. The contribution of women entrepreneurs to local economic development is recognized, however, information on female entrepreneurship is scarce. The aim of this article is to identify the characteristics of women entrepreneurs and their participation in the local economy in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. An exploratory descriptive analysis of female entrepreneurship in Sinaloa was carried out. This research was conducted through secondary sources in order to investigate the characteristics from a qualitative approach. The main findings show that the female entrepreneur has capabilities that influence their entrepreneurship: work experience, they generally undertake entrepreneurship for socioeconomic needs (support for family income, improve standard of living), self-employment, new opportunities or increased income; family or friends are the main source of financing. In conclusion, the growth of female entrepreneurship is a natural evolution in the role of women in the labor force of our society. However, the main motivation that prevails is the need to obtain sources of income; likewise, women are able to perceive opportunities to be undertaken, although they are influenced by the fear of failure.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie; 2023, 1, 51; 35-47
2083-1560
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Severity of work in opinions of rural women living in the Bieszczady region of south-eastern Poland
Autorzy:
Pawlak, H.
Petkowicz, B.
Maniak, B.
Kuna-Broniowska, I.
Petkowicz, J.
Buczaj, A.
Maksym, P.
Nowakowicz-Debek, B.
Gawda, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
work load
position at work
rural women
Opis:
Objective. The objective of the study was recognition of the opinions of rural women living in the Bieszczady region of south-eastern Poland, concerning their perception of the degree of severity of work. The study was conducted among the inhabitants of the Cisna commune. Materials and method. The basic research instrument was a questionnaire form containing 15 items. The study covered 101 women living in the Cisna commune in the Bieszczady. The self-reported degree of work load on a farm was analyzed among women who were occupationally active, and those who were not occupationally active. The effect of assistance from family members on the severity of work perceived by women was considered. Results. The women in the study focused on agro-tourism, a few of them were engaged in agricultural work and the majority worked in household gardens. The study showed that occupationally active women work considerably longer, on average, and are the most loaded, compared to those not engaged in occupational activity. The mean daily time devoted to duties on a farm did not significantly differ between occupationally active and non-active women, and amounted to 380 and 320 minutes, respectively. The majority of women who were non-active occupationally evaluated their household chores as the highest work load. In turn, the women who undertook occupational activity assessed them as most burdensome, despite great help from their family. The body positions assumed while performing field work were: standing, standing-bent-over, and walking. The mean evaluations of work load while standing and standing-bent-over did not significantly differ, but affected the work load among women who, however, could not assess the severity of their work resulting from the body position assumed.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 1; 145-150
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Feminist social work. Outline of the problem
Autorzy:
Aneta, Ostaszewska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893335.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-10
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
feminist social work
feminism
social work
women
gender
Opis:
The aim of the article is to answer two questions: – what is feminist social work, and – what is the influence of feminism on the theory and practice of social work? The first part of the article is focused on the history of social work (in terms of women's contribution to the development of this discipline) and feminism (including various trends of feminism). Then, the features of feminist social work are discussed. The article is only an introduction to the issue of feminist social work and does not cover all the related topics.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2019, 34(1); 15-34
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Beginnings of the Axiology in Employment Using the Example of the Act on Juveniles and Women Work of 1924
O początkach aksjologii w zatrudnieniu na przykładzie ustawy w przedmiocie pracy młodocianych i kobiet z 1924 r.
Autorzy:
Bosak-Sojka, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31348374.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
labour law
protective function of labour law
axiology
employment
protection of women’s work
protection of juveniles’ work
prawo pracy
ochronna funkcja prawa pracy
aksjologia
zatrudnienie
ochrona pracy kobiet
ochrona pracy młodocianych
Opis:
The article analyses the first Polish regulations concerning the employment of juveniles and women. In the original version, both entities were protected by a common, collective legal act. In addition to the normative analysis, the paper aims to indicate the emerging protective regulations and to highlight the threads considered today as the axiology of employment in relation to these particularly protected entities. The study was enriched with views expressed in the then literature on the subject and references to practice, as well as an assessment of the solutions used from the perspective of almost a hundred years from the enactment of the law. Due to the proposed temporal scope, the article is innovative, allowing at the same time to highlight the most important changes in the scope of the discussed matter. In perspective, this study will be used to evaluate the regulations currently in force, which are addressed separately to working women and juveniles.
W artykule poddano analizie pierwsze polskie regulacje dotyczące zatrudnienia młodocianych i kobiet. W pierwotnej wersji oba podmioty były chronione wspólnym, zbiorczym aktem prawnym. Oprócz analizy normatywnej, celem jest wskazanie kształtujących się regulacji ochronnych oraz uwypuklenie wątków uznanych współcześnie za aksjologię zatrudnienia właśnie w stosunku do tych szczególnie chronionych podmiotów. Opracowanie wzbogacono poglądami wyrażonymi w ówczesnej literaturze przedmiotu i odwołaniem do praktyki, a także oceną powołanych rozwiązań przeprowadzoną z perspektywy prawie stu lat od uchwalenia ustawy. Z uwagi na zaproponowany zakres temporalny artykuł ma charakter nowatorski, pozwalający na podkreślenie najistotniejszych zmian w zakresie omawianej materii. Perspektywicznie opracowanie to posłuży do dokonania oceny współcześnie obowiązujących przepisów skierowanych już oddzielnie do pracujących kobiet oraz pracowników młodocianych.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2023, 32, 1; 57-77
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
KOBIETA W PRUSACH 1871–1933
WOMEN IN PRUSSIA IN 1871–1933
Autorzy:
Łukasiewicz, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych
Tematy:
women
family
Prussia
industrialization
education
work
Opis:
In Prussia the turn of the 20th century brought about enormous civilization progress which was accompanied by an improvement in the standards of living. This process had already taken place in the German Reich and was followed by political, social and economic changes which affected women as well. Most importantly, at that time they gradually won more educational rights. Until the 19th century women’s educational attainment was limited to primary education and home schooling by governesses. Subsequently, girls were admitted to secondary schools for girls and eventually they were granted the right to sit high school final examinations and access tertiary education. Since mid-19th century women were allowed to join political organizations and after World War I they acquired political rights. Although much depended on a person’s individual disposition and personality, the middle-class mentality of the time was considerably patriarchal, hence equal rights in real interpersonal relationships became a fact only in the 20th century. Contrary to popular misconceptions, working women were commonplace already in the 19th century; unfortunately, as a rule the reason for women’s work was poverty, while attractive professions requiring high qualifications remained unavailable to women. The first changes consisted in allowing women into the teaching profession on graduating from teacher training colleges and then allowing them into the medical and legal colleges and professions. As a consequence of a dramatic decrease in the rate of infant and child mortality, women ceased to be ‘birth machines’, as they had been perceived until then, and instead of giving birth to six or eight children, they had two or three, which had a dramatic impact on their living conditions and opened new life perspectives for them.
Źródło:
Colloquium; 2017, 9, 2; 45-74
2081-3813
2658-0365
Pojawia się w:
Colloquium
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Liga Kobiet Polskich w okręgu łódzkim w latach 1982–1989. Główne kierunki działalności w świetle materiałów sprawozdawczych organizacji
Autorzy:
Dajnowicz, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1628422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-23
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Liga Kobiet Polskich
praca zawodowa kobiet
ruch kobiecy w PRL
Komitet Gospodarstwa Domowego
Polish Women’s League
women’s professional work
women’s movement of Polish People’s Republic
Household Committee
Opis:
Liga Kobiet Polskich, akceptowana przez władze komunistyczne organizacja kobieca, usiłowała umocnić swoje wpływy zwłaszcza wśród kobiet pracujących. Jako priorytetowy cel działalności wskazywała także upowszechnianie znaczenia szerokich działań Komitetu Gospodarstwa Domowego, w ramach którego organizowano szkolenia zawodowe, promowano gospodarność w prowadzeniu przez kobiety gospodarstw domowych. Schyłek jej działalności przypadł na koniec lat osiemdziesiątych, biorąc pod uwagę zarówno zmniejszającą się liczbę członkiń, jak i słabnącą pozycję jako oficjalnej reprezentacji kobiet polskich.
The Polish Women’s League, a women’s organisation accepted by the communist authorities, tried to strengthen its influence, especially among working women. Its other priority was popularising the Household Committee activities, which organised vocational education and promoted household economics. Unfortunately, it was declining in the late 1980s because of decreasing number of female members and its waning position as the official representation of Polish women.
Źródło:
Dzieje Najnowsze; 2021, 53, 2; 143-160
0419-8824
Pojawia się w:
Dzieje Najnowsze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nauczycielki ludowe. Uwarunkowania pracy kobiet w publicznej oświacie powszechnej Polski międzywojennej
Autorzy:
Piotrowska-Marchewa, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036239.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
female teachers
folk teachers
mainstream education
public education
Poland 1918–1939
Second Polish Republic
women’s work
women
nauczycielki
nauczycielki ludowe
szkolnictwo powszechne
oświata publiczna
Polska 1918–1939
II Rzeczpospolita
praca kobiet
kobiety
Opis:
Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie uwarunkowań pracy kobiet w publicznej oświacie powszechnej w II Rzeczypospolitej, na podstawie analizy wybranych materiałów prasowych, archiwalnych i statystycznych. Autorka rozważa, czy polityka państwa polskiego w okresie międzywojennym sprzyjała wchodzeniu kobiet w struktury oświaty powszechnej i utrwalaniu ich pozycji zawodowej. Koncentruje się zarówno na emancypacyjnych walorach zawodu nauczycielki ludowej i możliwościach realizowania się w szkolnictwie powszechnym przez kobiety, jak też na przejawach strukturalnych nierówności w dostępie do tego zajęcia.
The article discusses the issue of working conditions of female teachers in public mainstream education in the Second Polish Republic. The analysis is based on selected press publications, archival materials, and statistical data. The author studies the question of whether the state policy of the Second Polish Republic promoted the involvement of women in the mainstream education structures and strengthened their professional standing. The work focuses both on the advantages of working as a folk teacher and women’s opportunity for self-fulfillment in mainstream education and on the examples of structural inequality in the access to the aforementioned career.
Źródło:
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych; 2020, 81; 343-359
0080-3634
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perspectives of Social Work in the 21st Century – From Debates at the World Social Work, Education and Social Development Conference – Dublin 2018
Autorzy:
Marta, Mikołajczyk,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-16
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
social work
social worker
violence
homelessness
women
Opis:
The article presents selected social problems and tasks in which social workers in the world are involved. Their roles are not limited to granting benefits – an activity most often attributed to social workers in Poland – they consist of educating, overcoming taboos, initiating actions aimed at improving the functioning of individuals, groups and communities, and building and integrating them. The text is based on a review of selected presentations and posters presented during the Work, Education and Social Development Conference organized in Dublin in July 2018.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2018, 33(4); 37-56
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Women at the top leadership positions. Obstacles, possibilities and the chimera of segregation
Autorzy:
Izolda, Takacs,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890437.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-07-25
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
women
work organizations
gender
rights
segregation
discrimination
Opis:
The paper takes into account the general characteristics of workplace organization, the organizational atmosphere relevant to gender and prejudices based on binary oppositions identified by women in leadership positions, which still limit their opportunities and choices. Career paths of women are at the focus of the study, especially in academia and science, including the difficulties faced by women when they move up in the organizational hierarchy, if they pursue career in science and if they aim for the leadership position
Źródło:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies; 2018, 5(1); 74-84
2392-0092
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Women, migration, decent work and vulnerabilities in Africa: an investigative analysis
Autorzy:
Ojo, Solomon
Aluko-Arowolo, Sola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/9203880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Women
Migration
Vulnerabilities
Decent Work
Africa
Nigeria
Opis:
This study investigated women, migration, decent work and vulnerabilities in Africa. Essentially, it is on record that for the last few years more female migrants have been migrating independently for work, education and as heads of households. Despite these improvements, female migrants may still face stronger discrimination, are more vulnerable to mistreatment, and can experience double discrimination as both migrants and as women in their host country in comparison to male migrants. Nonetheless, male migrants are also exposed to vulnerabilities in the migration processes. For example, records have it that every day, women across Libya who have been subjected to forced marriages, sexual abuse, and other dire situations, leave their home countries for the prospect of a better life and with longing for Europe’s safety, they are willing to face an equally perilous route ahead, with the constant risk of being returned to Libyan detention centres, where they are abused, starved, and tortured (Palmucci, 2021). It is based on this that this study was carried out using investigative analysis of women victims who are presently returnees to their home country (Nigeria). Through identified women returnees from some of these countries, most especially Libya, 15 women returnees interacted to share their experiences while outside the country for greener pastures. These 15 women returnees were able to link the authors of this study to other 29 women returnees to Nigeria in the last three to two years.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2023, 24; 121-150
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kobieca specjalizacja: sztuki upiększające. Inicjatywy wspierające aktywność kobiet w zakresie sztuki użytkowej oraz rzemiosła w drugiej połowie XIX w. w Królestwie Polskim
Autorzy:
Dobkowska-Kubacka, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1373777.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
work for women
19th century
applied arts
craftswomen
crafts schools
praca kobiet
XIX wiek
sztuka użytkowa
rzemieślniczki
szkoły rzemiosła
Opis:
Uprawianie przez kobiety sztuki zawodowo w drugiej połowie XIX w. w Królestwie Polskim stanowiło nie tylko przejaw aspiracji emancypacyjnych, lecz także traktowane było jako jedna z opcji mających rozwiązać problem samodzielnego zarabiania na życie pań wywodzących się z ziemiaństwa lub inteligencji. Z tego względu cieszyło się znaczącym wsparciem społecznym, co przejawiało się zarówno w organizacji szkolnictwa, jak i wystaw „sztuki kobiecej”. Wątpliwości jednak, podzielane szczególnie przez konserwatystów, dotyczące braku predyspozycji płci żeńskiej do pracy intelektualnej, przy jednoczesnym przypisywaniu kobietom wrodzonych zdolności manualnych, sprawiało, że jako zajęcie właściwe dla pań propagowano nie tyle sztuki tzw. czyste, co sztukę zdobniczą. W latach sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych XIX w., kiedy potrzeba pracy zawodowej kobiet po raz pierwszy stała się w Królestwie Polskim problemem społecznym na dużą skalę, rzemiosło jawiło się jako optymalne wyjście z trudnej sytuacji, nie tylko z uwagi na manualny, a nie intelektualny charakter pracy oraz niski prestiż społeczny, lecz także dlatego, że można tu było odwołać się do tradycji kobiecych robótek. Z uwagi na opór cechów, które akceptując prowadzenie przez wdowy po rzemieślnikach warsztatów rzemieślniczych, nastawione były niechętnie do zjawiska samodzielnych kobiet-rzemieślniczek wkraczających do zawodu bez odpowiednich koneksji rodzinno-środowiskowych, i przy jednoczesnym rozbudzeniu, m.in. dzięki artykułom prasowym, zainteresowania kobiet pracą w rzemiośle, nastąpił w Królestwie Polskim, szczególnie w latach siedemdziesiątych XIX w., prawdziwy wysyp szkół i kursów. Wkrótce okazało się niestety, że rzemiosło nie spełni pokładanych w nim nadziei. Na rynku pracy pojawił się bowiem nadmiar „nowych rzemieślniczek”, jak je nazywano, często kiepsko wykwalifikowanych, rywalizujących między sobą, a także z rzemieślnikami cechowymi. Ponadto praco- oraz czasochłonne wyroby przegrywały w konkurencji z tanimi wyrobami fabrycznymi. W rezultacie zarobki były bardzo niskie. Moda edukacyjna przesunęła się wtedy w kierunku kształcenia kobiet w zakresie sztuki użytkowej i dekoratorstwa. Powstawały liczne szkoły, m.in. Marii hr. Łubieńskiej, Bronisławy Poświkowej, Bronisławy Wiesiołowskiej, Haliny Tokarzewskiej. Godnym podkreślenia zjawiskiem jest to, że większość tego typu placówek zakładały i prowadziły kobiety, traktując pracę dyrektorki szkoły artystycznej jako kolejną opcję zarobkową. Promowanie zarówno rzemiosła, jak i sztuki użytkowej miało duże znaczenie dla rozszerzenia wachlarza zawodów dostępnych kobietom z wyższych sfer społecznych, który, choć już nie tak drastycznie wąski jak w latach sześćdziesiątych XIX w., pod koniec tego stulecia nadal pozostawał niewystarczający w stosunku do potrzeb.
In the second half of the 19th century, in the Kingdom of Poland, practicing art professionally by women was not only a manifestation of their emancipation. In public opinion it was viewed as one of the options to solve the problem of making a living for women from the higher classes of society – landed gentry or intelligentsia – who faced the necessity of work for money. For this reason, it enjoyed significant social support, which resulted among others in the organization of artistic education and exhibitions of “female art”. However, doubts raised especially by conservatives concerning the lack of predisposition of the female sex to intellectual activity and at the same time attributing to women the innate manual skills, caused that not so much the so-called pure art but decorative art was considered as an appropriate occupation. In the 1860s and 1870s when the need for work for women became for the first time a largescale social problem in the Kingdom of Poland the handicraft was also promoted. The latter appeared to be an optimal way out of a difficult situation, not only because of the manual not intellectual nature of work and low social prestige, but also because it was possible to refer to the tradition of women’s knitting. Due to the resistance of the guilds (which accepted the fact that the craftsmen’s widows ran workshops, still they did not accept female artisans entering the profession without proper background and family connections) and the large number of women interested in working in crafts, a real flood of private schools and courses took place in the Kingdom of Poland, especially in the 1870s. This phenomenon, which can be described even as an educational “fashion”, has found its resonance in the press. Unfortunately it turned out soon that craftsmanship would not meet the hopes placed in it. There was a surplus of “new craftswomen”, as they were called, often poorly qualified, competing with each other and with guild craftsmen. Moreover, labour – and time-consuming products lost in competition with cheap factory products. As a result, earnings were very low. Craft schools lost their popularity, and instead schools educating in the field of applied arts and decoration became popular, like Maria Łubieńska’s, Bronisława Poświkowa’s, Bronisława Wiesiołowska’s, Halina Tokarzewska’s schools, for example. It is worth noting that the majority of such institutions were founded and run by women, who have been treating the work of the art school headmistress as another option for earning money. The promotion of both craft and applied art was of a great importance for extending the range of occupations available to women from higher classes of society. That range, although not as drastically narrow as in the 1860s, at the end of this century was still insufficient in comparison to needs.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2020, 106; 53-75
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Role-Identity Dynamics in Care and Household Work: Strategies of Polish Workers in Naples, Italy
Autorzy:
Kordasiewicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2119599.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-10-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Household Work
Polska
Italy
Women Migrants
Work Relations
Symbolic Interactionism
Role-Identity
Opis:
Migrant household work is a global phenomenon present across geographical contexts. Employing a household worker, especially a worker coming from another country, is a symbolically complex situation that requires interpretive work and negotiations of role-identities from interactional partners. There has been much debate about how to define the relationship between a domestic and/or care worker and her/his employer. It has been argued that the preferred definition by workers themselves is one that centers on work (Anderson 2000). In contrast, “fictive kinship” appears to be the employers’ almost universal strategy, which is usually portrayed in the literature as an exploitative practice (Romero 1992; Anderson 2000; Parreñas 2001; Constable 2003; Lan 2006; McDowell 2006). In this paper, I offer a conceptual grid that consists of hierarchy/equality and distance/intimacy dimensions to examine complex relationships between domestic workers and employers, elaborated during the case study of Polish migrant domestic workers in Naples in 2004. Within the investigated site some elements of the traditional model of service culture have persisted. Migrant workers who come from a post-communist country, and who have rather egalitarian attitudes, have been confronted with these elements. The result has been a clash of definitions over the household worker’s role. Polish women developed two contrasting ways of experiencing and coping with it. The strategies identified in the workers’ narratives are professionalization and personalization, and they refer respectively to emphasizing the professional and the personal dimensions in relations with the employer. They manifest themselves on the levels of action (as narrated by the workers) and narrative construction. The strategies on the level of action aim to shift the situation in a desired direction; the narrative strategies aim at framing the situation in a desired way within a narrative. The text underlines the diversity of migrant response and tentatively assesses the output of different strategies.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2014, 10, 4; 88-114
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do Korean Women Should Work to Make the Marital Relationship Equal? Logistic Regression of Models on Data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey on Women and Families
Autorzy:
Juszczyk-Frelkiewicz, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Korean women
gender equality
work
relationship
South Korea
Opis:
South Korea is a country where gender inequality has been observed from the past to the present. Many studies point out that gender inequality in Korean society is a consequence of Confucianism which still exists in the social norms, structure and hierarchy of society and the mentality of contemporary Korean people. It causes that gender inequality remains strong not only in the job market but also in the gender division of homework and care work issues, particularly in the sphere of family life. The main object of this paper is to investigate the possibility of making marital relationships equal while women are economically active. To achieve the paper’s main goal, the statistical analysis was carried out with logistic regression on data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey on Women and Families in 2012 and 2020. The results indicated that despite the significant social and economic changes in Korean society, women’s activity in the job market did not introduce a significant change in the division of household duties among men and women, which shows women’s involvement in economic support of the family it does not make any significant changes to the aspect of equality in the relationship.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2022, 70; 173-183
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania, herstoria i praca kobiet — od PRL do dziś. Szkic do historii socjologii pracy kobiet
Research, herstory, and women’s work from the Polish Peoples’ Republic to today’s Poland. Essay on sociology of women’s work history
Autorzy:
Desperak, Iza
Krogulec, Martyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-22
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
sociology of work
women
gender
transition
research
Łódź
Opis:
The article intends to sketch history of sociology of women’s work, and focuses on transition between the Polish People’s Republic and contemporary Poland. It describes main patterns of development of study on women at work, with its peak in the 1960s and 1970s, than marginalization of this subject, and its revival in transition period. The analysis is supported by the first results of Łódź multidisciplinary research project aiming to describe history of women’s work and research on it conducted by the University of Łódź and the Institute of Occupational Medicine. It also includes new research conducted by historians, and its multidisciplinary character is supported by some non-academic participants of the project, including museums and local herstory movement. Łódź has been chosen for its long tradition of feminization of workforce, and great bulk of research on working women, both in the past and during transition period, including new phenomena of unemployment, then feminization of poverty and precarious character of today’s work affecting also women.
Źródło:
Górnośląskie Studia Socjologiczne. Seria Nowa; 2020, 11; 151-161
2353-9658
Pojawia się w:
Górnośląskie Studia Socjologiczne. Seria Nowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Endometriosis – The challenge for occupational life of diagnosed women: A review of quantitative studies
Autorzy:
Andysz, Aleksandra
Jacukowicz, Aleksandra
Merecz-Kot, Dorota
Najder, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-18
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
pain
quality of work life
sickness absence
work ability
women’s health
chronic disease
Opis:
The aim of the article was to summarize the results offered in the research on occupational functioning of women with endometriosis. We followed PRISMA guidelines. Database search was done in November 2017 using EBSCO. In the review were included the articles clearly referring to the relationships between endometriosis and work or any aspect of work (e.g., work productivity, work ability, absenteeism). Eight papers were included in the final review. Seven studies were cross-sectional, 1 retrospective. The majority of researchers used standardized research measures, such as Work Ability Index, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire or Health Related Productivity Questionnaire. Only in 2 studies the reference group was considered, one of them consisted of healthy women. The results clearly indicate that endometriosis is a disease that causes major disturbance in occupational functioning of the suffering women. In the future the researchers should search for individual and organizational correlates of the improvement of occupational functioning in this group of patients. The methodology of the existing studies has been evaluated and the methodological cues for future research has been given. Med Pr 2018;69(6):663–671
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2018, 69, 6; 663-671
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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