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    Tytuł:
    ODKRYCIE GOTYCKIEGO KOŚCIOŁA O UNIKATOWEJ, MUROWANO-SZKIELETOWEJ KONSTRUKCJI W KANIGOWIE
    THE DISCOVERY OF A GOTHIC CHURCH WITH A UNIQUE BRICK-SKELETON CONSTRUCTION IN KANIGOWO
    Autorzy:
    Wawrykiewicz, Leszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537615.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    BRICK-SKELETON CONSTRUCTION
    GOTHIC CHURCH (KANIGOWO)
    kościół parafialny pw. Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego w Kanigowie
    kościół salowy
    dach pulpitowy
    dach trójspadowy
    szkarpy
    strop belkowy
    empora
    konstrukcja szkieletowa
    stalle
    więźba storczykowa
    dachówka mnich-mniszka
    ciesielskie znaki montażowe
    Opis:
    The article is an attempt at recreating the original appearance of a Gothic brick-skeleton church in Kanigowo near Nidzica upon the basis of architectural research. The preserved parts of the skeleton walls made it possible to recreate the original composition of the northern and southern elevation, and the retention of the mediaeval roof truss permitted the establishment of the shape of the roof. Upon the basis of these elements it became feasible to define the architectural form of a church with a unique wall construction. Up to now the church has not been the topic of a separate monograph.Upon the basis of conducted architectural studies it has been ascertained that the basic outline of the present-day solid of the church originates from the 15th century. Apparently, the preserved fragments of the skeleton church walls comprise an integral element of its Gothic construction unambiguously confirmed by the dendrochronological research performed by Prof. Marek Krapiec, and made it possible to establish the date of the erection of the brick-skeleton church as 1386. The titular church was built from the onset with the application of two types of construction. Three-fifths of the walls were made of stones and ceramic brick, plastered on both sides. The upper part of the church walls was made out of parallel wooden constructions - from the outside with brick filling, and from the inside with timber framing. The skeleton parts of the wall comprise a uniform construction with the king-post roof truss and possess a single system of joiners' assembly signs. The 14th century construction was covered with a high gable roof with monk-nun tiles and probably had skeleton gables, which constituted a uniform construction with the roof truss. The brick ground floor of the nave featured two entrance portals - western and southern. The nave was additionally lit with three windows arranged in the southern elevation wall while the northern elevation was devoid of all windows. The outer construction with the brick, nonplastered filling contrasted with the whitened walls of the ground floor, comprising the prime visual accent of the Gothic church elevations. The monument possesses exceptional values on a regional and national scale. Quite probably, it is the only preserved example of a mediaeval brick-skeleton sacral building in former eastern Prussia. Presumably, there is no analogous edifice in the whole of Poland and possibly in Europe. Its other distinguishable features include artistic assets, which at present are not totally discernible. The form of the Gothic outer construction of the walls - despite the fact that a major part was concealed beneath plaster - is particularly noteworthy. Thanks to the application in each repeated span of cross-crossing elements it was possible to attain a decorative, almost 'ornamental' design of the wooden skeleton, contrasted with the brick filling. The configuration of the outer skeleton construction does not limit itself to a mere technical role, but comprises a sui generis decorative frieze crowning the brick church walls. For those reasons, suitable emphasis on this extremely valuable original construction of the church wall in the course of future conservation is to be regarded as a priority task during the revalorisation of the monument in question.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2008, 3; 21-42
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ROZPOZNANIE STOPNIA ZACHOWANIA HISTORYCZNYCH WIĘŹB DACHOWYCH W ZABYTKACH SAKRALNYCH NA TERENIE MAZOWSZA
    DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREE OF THE PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL ROOF RAFTER FRAMING IN SACRAL MONUMENTS IN MAZOVIA
    Autorzy:
    Warchoł, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537842.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    historyczna więźba dachowa
    typy więźby dachowej
    konstrukcje więźb dachowych
    Ratowo
    kościół pw. św. Antoniego w Ratowie
    Cegłów
    kościół pw. św. Jana Chrzciciela w Cegłowie
    rama storczykowa
    więźba storczykowa
    Szczepankowo
    kościół pw. św. Wojciecha w Szczepankowie
    Pułtusk
    kolegiata pw. Zwiastowania NMP w Pułtusku
    Płock
    kościół podominikański pw. św. Dominika w Płocku
    więźba storczykowo-stolcowa
    Lipowiec Kościelny
    kościół pw. św. Anny w Lipowcu Kościelnym
    Niedźwiadna
    kościół pw. św. Stanisława w Niedźwiadnej
    Chruślin
    kościół pw. św. Michała w Chruślinie
    Słupno
    kościół pw. św. Marcina w Słupnie
    Raszyn
    kościół pw. św. Anny w Raszynie
    więźba wieszarowo-stolcowa
    Góra Kalwaria
    kościół pobernardyński pw. Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP w Górze Kalwarii
    Pszczonów
    kościół pw. Wszystkich Świętych w Pszczonowie
    Przasnysz
    kościół pobernardyński pw. św. św. Jakuba i Anny w Przasnyszu
    Głuchów,
    kościół pw. św. Wacława w Głuchowie
    więźba stolcowa
    Opis:
    The years 2007-2008 witnessed the determination of the degree of the preservation of historical roof rafter framing in sacral monuments in Mazovia. The pertinent studies encompassed the historical borders of Mazovia from the second half of the sixteenth century, and all sacral buildings – brick and wooden churches, together with eventual monasteries and chapels, erected to the mid-nineteenth century. Such a chronological limit made it possible to become familiar with monuments that could contain preserved roof constructions and those most interesting from the scientific viewpoint. The prime objective of the conducted studies was to establish the number of preserved historical roof trusses and to collect basic data concerning the sort of extant constructions as well as the time of their origin. Each construction was accompanied by a basic description as well as photographic and drawn documentation. The investigations led to the recognition of 312 monuments, in which 523 rafter framings constructions were examined. Among the total of the monuments as many as 210 preserved 330 historical roof constructions were raised to the middle of the nineteenth century. A total of 102 monuments no longer contained historical roof framings, while the general number of the non-historical constructions amounted to 1 3. The conducted examinations made it possible to assess the presumed time of the erection of particular rafter framings. The largest number of the constructions was built in the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Within 330 historical constructions as many as 280 may originate from that period (eighteenth century – 1 8, nineteenth century – 132). The domination of trusses from the eighteenth and nineteenth century stems from the specificity of Mazovian architecture, with a distinct prevalence of buildings erected in the eighteenth century, as well as the considerable construction movement that took place in sacral architecture in the nineteenth century and resulted in an exchange of a large number of the original trusses into new constructions. Due to those reasons none of the constructions has been dated as fifteenth-century, and only nine framings are described an sixteenthcentury. A mere 1 constructions presumably originate from the seventeenth century. The conducted verification simultaneously entitles to present an initial typology of the roof rafter framings. The authors applied all the fundamental types of constructions, from the simplest rafter (3) and collar beam (27) to the more complicated king- -post (6 ), queen-post (12 ) and truss rafter (26). The three latter types were frequently linked in mixed king-post-queen-post (36) and truss rafter- -queen-post constructions ( 7). The inventories also include three dome constructions, based on expanded queen-post configurations with radially arranged truss rafters. The presented outcome of the distinction of the degree of the preservation of historical trusses in sacral monuments of Mazovian architecture make it feasible to propose an initial analysis of the types and chronological transformations of roof constructions in a relatively large part of the country. The documentation and data gathered in the course of the performed investigations facilitate the definition of the research material resources, aiming at a complete and detailed systematic of the roof constriction in Mazovia and the popularisation of knowledge about those extremely interesting elements, as a rule ignored by researchers.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2009, 2; 49-63
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Drewniany kościół w Gąsawie - przykład nierozpoznanej konstrukcji w architekturze sakralnej
    The Wooden Church in G¹sawa — an Example of Unidentified Construction in Sacral Architecture
    Autorzy:
    Jankowski, Aleksander
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537282.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    drewniany kościół w Gąsawie
    architektura sakralna
    Gąsawa
    dziedzictwo Pałuk
    Pałuki
    konstrukcja zrębowo-szkieletowa
    zrąb ścian
    konstrukcja szkieletowa
    konstrukcja więźby
    więźba
    konstrukcja storczykowa
    Opis:
    The seventeenth-century wooden church of St. Nicholas in G¹sawa is one of the most important testimonies of the cultural heritage of the Pa³uki region. Alongside the church in Tarnów Pa³ucki it is the oldest extant wooden church in Pa³uki and one of the oldest within the range of historical Greater Poland. The tower-less, single-nave object with a small distinct sacristy and porch, with boarding on the outside and plaster inside, and a solid slightly deformed at the beginning of the nineteenth century by the addition to the nave of an unproportionately large, brick cylindrical chapel, did not meet with greater interest on the part of researchers. Recorded in catalogues of monuments and locally issued publications concerning the history of the region the church was discussed laconically as an edifice with a uniform construction, erected in 1674 (as evidenced by the date inscribed on the bell of the rood arch beam), and founded by Kazimierz Brzechwa, the abbot of Trzemeszno. Recent thorough repairs revealed the heretofore concealed original appearance of the church. The removal of nineteenth–century boarding and plaster showed that the church in G¹sawa has a double, frame supporting structure of the roof, while the interior walls are covered by at least three layers of painted decoration. An analysis of the architectonic structure, dendrochronological examinations, an archival survey, and an initial analysis of the arrangement programmes of particular phases of the painted decoration permitted the assumption that the gable walls, the frame and the rafter framing date back to the seventeenth century, but do not share a joint origin. The oldest are the frame walls, probably a remnant of a church raised at the end of the first quarter of the seventeenth century. The date on the rood arch beam — 1674 — commemorates not the construction but the reconstruction of the object, partially destroyed during the Swedish wars. Up to the 1690s the church was a frame construction. From 1697 to 1699 the frame became encircled on the outside by a skeletal structure (without nogging). The most likely reason for this solution was the enlargement of the nave windows. The skeletal construction relieved the weakened frame and guaranteed stability to the static configuration of the edifice. The organic union of the frame and skeletal structure and the rafter framing made it possible to recognise the carrying systemof the roof as the effect of a well–devised architectonic conception. Up to now, literature concerning wooden churches has not distinguished the double, frame–skeletal, construction of the walls. Similar solutions have been recorded only among non–extant examples of the architecture of wooden synagogues in the former Commonwealth. On–the–spot investigations, albeit for the time limited to select objects in historical Greater Poland, have demonstrated that churches with a double carrying roof construction are not as exceptional as it might be assumed upon the basis of pertinent literature. Solutions similar to the “G¹sawa” model have been discovered in both seventeenth– and eighteenth– century churches. At the present stage it is still difficult to draw concrete conclusions concerning the origin and evolution of wooden churches with a double, frame–skeletal wall construction, which calls for further studies. Today, the most important is the very fact that this type of construction has been classified in sacral architecture of the Christian cultural range.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2001, 1; 19-29
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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