ROZPOZNANIE STOPNIA ZACHOWANIA HISTORYCZNYCH WIĘŹB DACHOWYCH W ZABYTKACH SAKRALNYCH NA TERENIE MAZOWSZA DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREE OF THE PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL ROOF RAFTER FRAMING IN SACRAL MONUMENTS IN MAZOVIA
The years 2007-2008 witnessed the determination
of the degree of the preservation of historical
roof rafter framing in sacral monuments in
Mazovia. The pertinent studies encompassed the
historical borders of Mazovia from the second half
of the sixteenth century, and all sacral buildings –
brick and wooden churches, together with eventual
monasteries and chapels, erected to the mid-nineteenth
century. Such a chronological limit made it
possible to become familiar with monuments that
could contain preserved roof constructions and
those most interesting from the scientific viewpoint.
The prime objective of the conducted studies
was to establish the number of preserved historical
roof trusses and to collect basic data concerning
the sort of extant constructions as well as the time of
their origin. Each construction was accompanied by
a basic description as well as photographic and
drawn documentation.
The investigations led to the recognition of 312
monuments, in which 523 rafter framings constructions
were examined. Among the total of the monuments
as many as 210 preserved 330 historical roof
constructions were raised to the middle of the nineteenth
century. A total of 102 monuments no longer
contained historical roof framings, while the general
number of the non-historical constructions amounted
to 1 3.
The conducted examinations made it possible
to assess the presumed time of the erection of particular
rafter framings. The largest number of the constructions
was built in the course of the eighteenth
and nineteenth century. Within 330 historical
constructions as many as 280 may originate from
that period (eighteenth century – 1 8, nineteenth
century – 132). The domination of trusses from the
eighteenth and nineteenth century stems from the
specificity of Mazovian architecture, with a distinct
prevalence of buildings erected in the eighteenth
century, as well as the considerable construction
movement that took place in sacral architecture in
the nineteenth century and resulted in an exchange
of a large number of the original trusses into new
constructions. Due to those reasons none of the constructions
has been dated as fifteenth-century, and
only nine framings are described an sixteenthcentury.
A mere 1 constructions presumably originate
from the seventeenth century.
The conducted verification simultaneously entitles
to present an initial typology of the roof rafter
framings. The authors applied all the fundamental
types of constructions, from the simplest rafter (3)
and collar beam (27) to the more complicated king-
-post (6 ), queen-post (12 ) and truss rafter (26).
The three latter types were frequently linked in
mixed king-post-queen-post (36) and truss rafter-
-queen-post constructions ( 7). The inventories also
include three dome constructions, based on expanded
queen-post configurations with radially arranged
truss rafters.
The presented outcome of the distinction of the
degree of the preservation of historical trusses in
sacral monuments of Mazovian architecture make it
feasible to propose an initial analysis of the types
and chronological transformations of roof constructions
in a relatively large part of the country. The
documentation and data gathered in the course of
the performed investigations facilitate the definition
of the research material resources, aiming at a complete
and detailed systematic of the roof constriction
in Mazovia and the popularisation of knowledge
about those extremely interesting elements, as a rule
ignored by researchers.
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