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Tytuł:
Age Structure of Employment and Wages. An Analysis Across Occupational Groups
Autorzy:
Broniatowska, Paulina
Majchrowska, Aleksandra
Nasiński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
employment structure
workforce aging
wages
occupational groups
Mincer-type wage equation
Opis:
Recently, in most developed economies, the average age of the workforce has been growing rapidly. Therefore, the questions arise how will it affect the level of wages and the shape of age-productivity and age-wage profiles. The aim of the paper is to analyse the relationship between changes in the age structure of the employment and wages of individuals in minor occupational groups. Using individual data from the Structure of Earnings Survey in Poland in 2006-2014 we created an unique database of individual wages and the characteristics of employed in occupational groups at 3-digit level of classification. In our analysis we used an extended version of Mincerian wage model where both the characteristics of employees (education, work tenure, age, gender, and type of employment contract) and employers (size and ownership sector) were taken into account. The results for the whole sample indicate a significant and negative relationship between the proportion of older workers in employment in a given occupational group and individual wages. However, when the analyses were performed separately for each of the 1-digit occupational groups, the results varied significantly. In those groups where knowledge and qualifications of employees are more important than physical strength had to be updated permanently, an increase in the number of the older workers raises the average wages
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2020, 3; 227-250
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wynagrodzenie minimalne w Polsce. Czy powinno być zróżnicowane regionalnie?
Should minimum wage in Poland vary depending on the region?
Autorzy:
Broniatowska, Paulina
Majchrowska, Aleksandra
Żółkiewski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14971102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
minimum wage
regional labour markets
labour market
employment
Opis:
The paper looks at the issue of minimum wage in Poland and other EU member states. First, the definitions, measurement, dynamics and legislation related to the minimum wage are introduced. In the next section the authors discuss whether it is reasonable to regionally diversify the minimum wage in Poland, as the analysis shows that such economic indicators as the average wage, labour productivity and costs of living vary depending on the region. Authors claim that these factors speak in favor of regional diversification of the minimum wage.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2013, 4(36); 125-157
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low Pay and Political Attitudes in Europe: Is There an East-West Divide?
Autorzy:
Fialová, Kamila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22858327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-27
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Low-wage employment
low pay
ESS data
political attitudes
CEE countries
Opis:
Employing 2018 European Social Survey data in a multilevel framework, the paper aims to estimate the effect of working for low pay on a wide range of political attitudes and to explain the attitudinal differences between the Central and Eastern European (CEE) and Western European regions based on their differing socioeconomic and political background. The results suggest that it is mainly the lower living standard of inhabitants together with widespread wage inequality and not the specific legacy of the communist regimes that undermine the individual’s perception of influence on politics, political confidence and satisfaction with democracy in CEE. The results also indicate that working for low pay has a significant positive effect on the individual’s trust in politicians, but the relationship is moderated by the country’s economic development and is only significant in rich countries.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2023, 223, 3; 319-336
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ płacy minimalnej na zatrudnienie
The Effect of the Minimum Wage on Employment
Autorzy:
Fic, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964223.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
employment
optimal value of the Kaitz coefficient
labour market
minimum wage
Opis:
Paper attempts to empiricaly verify a non-linear (parabolic) dependence of employment in Poland on minimum wage to average wage ratio (Kaitz coefficient). The aim of the analysis is to find the optimal value of the Kaitz coefficient. The obtained result confirms the hypothesis on a non-linear nature of the investigated dependence. However, during the minimum wage evaluation process it is worth noting that the Kaitz coefficient's influence on the employment is bi-directional. Increase in the Kaitz coefficient value will only have a negative effect on employment after a certain threshold is crossed. Results pre-sented in the paper allow to identify such a critical value and to establish the coefficient value intervals with negative and positive influence on employment.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2010, 13, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wynagrodzenia w okresie spowolnienia gospodarczego
Wages During Economic Downturn
Вознаграждения в период замедления экономики
Autorzy:
Furmańska-Maruszak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195731.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
вознаграждения
функции заработной платы
замедление экономики
занятость
продуктивность труда
wages
wage functions
economic downturn
employment
labor productivity
wynagrodzenia
funkcje płac
spowolnienie gospodarcze
zatrudnienie
produktywność pracy
Opis:
Celem artykułu była analiza zmian w wynagrodzeniach w kontekście spowolnienia gospodarczego. Przedstawiono dynamikę przeciętnych wynagrodzeń w krajach UE i w Polsce na tle danych dotyczących PKB i liczby pracujących. Zaprezentowano wyniki wybranych badań dotyczących sposobów redukcji kosztów pracy przez przedsiębiorstwa w wybranych krajach UE przejawiające się głównie w zwolnieniach i ograniczaniu czasu pracy. Przedsiębiorcy byli mniej skłonni do redukcji płac w obawie przed spadkiem morale załogi. W warunkach spowolniania gospodarczego najbardziej eksponowana była kosztowa i motywacyjna funkcję wynagrodzeń.
The aim of the paper is to analyze the changes in wages in the context of economic downturn. The dynamics of average wage in the EU and Poland as well as the data on changes in GDP and the number of employees have been presented. The results of the research carried out in selected EU countries revealed the strategies of reducing labor costs implemented by the companies. Their reaction to the crisis was primarily related to reductions in employment and working hours. Companies were not willing to reduce wages because of fear that it would have a negative impact on employees’ morale. The analysis revealed that in the wake of the economic slowdown most businesses treat wages on the one hand – as costs and on the other as an important incentive for employees.
Целью статьи был анализ изменений вознаграждений в контексте замедления экономики. В ней представлена динамика средних вознаграждений в странах ЕС и в Польше на фоне данных, касающихся ВВП и числа работающих. Показаны результаты выбранных исследований, касающихся способов сокращения затрат на оплату труда в выбранных странах ЕС, проявляющихся главным образом в увольнениях и сокращении рабочего времени. Предприниматели в меньшей степени готовы были снижать зарплату, опасаясь падения морального духа коллектива. В условиях замедления экономики на первый план выдвигаются стоимостная и мотивационная функции вознаграждений.
Źródło:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów; 2013, 28, 2; 27-42
1734-087X
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem nisko opłacanych pracowników w Polsce na tle innych krajów gospodarki rynkowej
Low-Wage Employment in Poland and other Developed Countries
Autorzy:
Golnau, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
low-wage
wage inequality
employment market
Opis:
Research which has been carried out in countries with developed market economies indicates that since the 1980s there has been a systematic increase in wage inequality. As a result, low-wage employment has increased. In recent years, many academic institutions in developed countries have been conducting research into the scale, causes and consequences of low wages. Such research has not as yet been systematically carried out in Poland. This article aims to contribute to the research. Its objective is to establish the scale and causes of low-wage employment in Poland in the last sixteen years. The contents of the article are divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to the methodology of measuring low wages. The second part concerns the frequency of low wages in Poland and other countries with market economies. The third part of the article presents factors influencing the scale of the occurrence of low wages. According to the research, the number of people in low-wage employment in Poland systematically increased in the period from 1989 to 2004. In 2004 this number exceeded 22% of all working people. A similarly high percentage of low-wage employment is found only in Korea, Hungary, Great Britain, the USA and Canada.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2008, 11, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal regulation of minimal wage on international level and the economic perspective. Selected issues in the context of current discussions
Prawna regulacja płacy minimalnej na poziomie międzynarodowym a perspektywa ekonomiczna. Wybrane zagadnienia w świetle aktualnych dyskusji
Autorzy:
Jakubiec, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2053079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
Minimal wage
International Labor Organization
economic policy
employment policy
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present the most essential aspects of minimal wage institution functioning in the current international law, as well as to conduct an analysis of several selected legal end economic issues connected with the amount of remuneration payed to employees and its minimum rate. They seem significant in connection to political events that are nowadays taking place in some European countries. The key legal acts issued by s ubmitted by ILO will be analyzed, while special attention will be placed on the provisions of the Convention because of their particular status in the International Labor Organization’s legal acts’ system. What is more, the conclusions regarding this issue in the economic context will be drawn. It will allow for the explanation of this issue based not only on economic policy considerations, but also one which is closely connected with current state of international law.
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie najistotniejszych aspektów funkcjonowania instytucji płacy minimalnej w dobie obecnego kształtu prawa międzynarodowego i dokonanie analizy kilku wybranych prawnych i ekonomicznych zagadnień związanych z wysokością wypłacanego pracownikom wynagrodzenia oraz jego minimalnych stawek. Wydają się one istotne w związku z wydarzeniami politycznymi, jakie mają miejsce w przypadku niektórych państw europejskich. Sformułowane ponadto będą wnioski związane z tą problematyką z perspektywy ekonomicznej. Pozwoli to na eksplikację tego zagadnienia opartą nie tylko na rozważaniach z zakresu polityki gospodarczej, lecz ściśle powiązaną z aktualnym stanem prawa międzynarodowego.
Źródło:
Economic and Regional Studies; 2015, 08, 3; 67-79
2083-3725
2451-182X
Pojawia się w:
Economic and Regional Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka gospodarcza wobec zatrudniania i wynagradzania pracowników - aspekty teoretyczne i realizacyjne
Economic Policy in Relation to Employment and Payroll - Theory and Implementation
Autorzy:
Jarmołowicz, Wacław
Knapińska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/590505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Płaca minimalna
Polityka gospodarcza
Wynagrodzenie za pracę
Zatrudnienie
Economic policy
Employment
Minimum wage
Remuneration for work
Opis:
The goal of the paper is to determine the role and instruments of the state policy regarding labor market at the national level. It considers in detail the role of the state policy applied to shape employment conditions in public and private sectors in terms of its legal status and implementation. Moreover, the state indicates a significant framework for the scope, mainly by determination of the minimum wages but also, as an employer, by defining average and the highest wages in economy. Moreover, there is presented an analysis of implementation of this policy, in which such aspects as the level, dynamics, structure and pay of employees were studied. Poland constitutes the study area of the analysis, although sometimes there are made justified and necessary references to the whole area of the EU. The study period of the empirical observations covers the years 2004-2012.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2013, 160; 9-21
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Solidarity Lost? Low Pay Persistence During the Post-Communist Transition in Poland
Autorzy:
Kiersztyn, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Low paid employment
wage mobility
transition economies
panel data
Polska
Opis:
This article analyses long-term changes in the persistence of low wages in Poland, given the variations in the general economic situation. All analyses are based on data from the Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN) conducted throughout the post-communist transition period, 1988–2013, on a representative sample of the Polish adult population. The study found that being in a low paid job raises the probability of experiencing the same situation five years later, even when controlling for the general economic context and the respondents’ demographic and economic characteristics. Upward mobility rates among initially low paid workers were significantly higher during periods of economic prosperity; however, even then low pay persistence remained substantial. The results also point to a secular growth in the persistence of poverty-level wages over the past two decades. Persistent low wages may bring about spaces of long-term poverty and social exclusion which cannot be overlooked by policy makers.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2015, 192, 4; 493-509
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasiłki dla bezrobotnych a płace progowe i płace uzyskane
Unemployment benefits, reservation wages and wages obtained
Autorzy:
Kubiak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
bezrobocie
zatrudnienie
zasiłki dla bezrobotnych
płace progowe
płaca
unemployment
employment
unemployment benefits
reservation wage
wag
Opis:
Unemployment benefits are benefits paid during the job search. The impact of these benefits on the labour market is not clear. It is often stated in the literature that one of the basic channels of impact of unemployment benefits on the labour market is based on the reservation wage. This paper attempts to answer the question whether the reservation wages in Poland are changing under the influence of unemployment benefits. The survey was conducted based on individual data from the Polish Labour Force Survey (BAEL). The results confirm the influence of the benefits system, both on the reservation wages and on the wages obtained after the job search. Unemployment benefits in Poland raise the average reservation wages for job seekers, and this effect persists even after the end of the benefit period. Job seekers who receive unemployment benefits obtain slightly higher wages than other unemployed.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2014, XCIII (93); 207-221
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybór prawa dla umowy o pracę. Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 15 lipca 2021 r. w sprawach połączonych DG, EH c/a SC Gruber Logistics SRL (C-152/20) oraz Sindicatul Lucrătorilor din Transporturi, TD c/a SC Samidani Trans
The gloss to the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 1 July 2021 in the joined cases of DG, EH v. SC Gruber Logistics SRL (C-152/20) and Sindicatul Lucrătorilor din Transporturi, TD v. SC Samidani Trans SRL (C-218/20)
Autorzy:
Kurowski, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20745505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-29
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
a choice of law to the individual employment contract
the law applicable to the individual employment contract in the absence of a choice
an employee’s protection, a concept of „provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement”
the minimum wage
Rome I Regulation
Opis:
This paper comments on a recent ruling concerning the choice of law to the individual employment contract according to the Rome I Regulation. In the judgement in the joined cases C–152/20 and C–218/20 (DG, EH v. SC Gruber Logistics SRL and Sindicatul Lucrătorilor din Transporturi, TD v. SC Samidani Trans SRL), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) provided the interpretation of Article 8 of the Rome I Regulation on two issues. At first, the EU Court was asked about the freedom of choice of law applicable to the individual employment contract if (a) national law required the inclusion of a clause into that contract under which the contractual provisions are supplemented by national law and (b) the contractual clause concerning that choice was drafted by the employer. The second issue was connected with the concept of the employee’s protection, under which the choice of law may not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him (her) by provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement, under the law that would have been applicable to the contract in the absence of choice. Regarding the first question, the CJEU admitted that the parties to an individual employment contract dispose of freedom to choose the law applicable to that contract, even if the contractual provisions are supplemented by national labour law under a (relevant) national provision, if “the national provision in question does not require the parties to choose national law as the law applicable to that contract”. Secondly, the Court found that the parties to an individual employment contract were “to be regarded as being, in principle, free to choose the law applicable to that contract, even if the contractual clause concerning that choice is drafted by the employer”. Therefore, the CJEU confirmed the application of the rules concerning the choice of law resulting from Article 3 of the Rome I Regulation to the individual employment contracts. Referring to the second issue of the commented ruling, the CJEU confirmed that Article 8 (1) of the Rome I Regulation must be interpreted as meaning that, where the parties have chosen the law governing the individual employment contract, the application of the law that would apply to the contract in the absence of choice must be excluded, with the exception of “provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement”, if those provisions offer the employee concerned greater protection than those of the law chosen by the parties. The EU Court underlined that rules on the minimum wage could be treated as “provisions that cannot be derogated from by agreement” and the law that, in the absence of choice, would be applicable should decide about it. Unfortunately, it is necessary to follow the commented judgment’s justification to correctly understand the concept of an employee’s protection applied in Article 8 (1) of the Rome I Regulation. The thesis of the ruling in this regard seems to be too laconic, and it can be misinterpreted. 
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego; 2021, 29; 169-190
1896-7604
2353-9852
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Worker’s Employment Contract—the Legal Regulations of Interwar Poland
Autorzy:
Kwiecień, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
employment agreement
workers’ employment agreement
wage protection
work regulations
termination of employment relationship
Opis:
In independent Poland, the foundations for a new area of law, that is, labour law were laid, abandoning the previously crucial principle of freedom of contract underlying the contractual relationship between an employee and the employer. On March 16, 1928, the President of the Republic of Poland issued an ordinance on labour contracts, defining mutual obligations of employees and their employers under an employment contract based on which the employee undertook to perform work for the employer against remuneration. The legislator permitted the conclusion of employment contracts in writing, orally or in any other customary form accepted in a given workplace. In exchange for the work performed, the employer was obliged to pay appropriate contractual remuneration, as specified in the employment agreement. Importantly, this ordinance contained a number of protective regulations that were designed to protect the worker and make his position towards the employer more equal. They included regulations concerning remuneration protection or the employer’s obligation to specify work rules. Most importantly, however, the ordinance protected the worker from immediate and unjustified dismissal.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 4; 73-97
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Employment Effects of US Minimum Wage Policy
Wpływ polityki płacy minimalnej na zatrudnienie w Stanach Zjednoczonych
Autorzy:
Liu, Shanshan
Hyclak, Thomas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904062.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Małopolska Szkoła Administracji Publicznej
Tematy:
worker and job turnover
minimum wage
youth employment
płaca minimalna
zatrudnienie młodzieży
rotacja pracowników i stanowisk
Opis:
A strong argument against raising the minimum wage, often voiced in US policy debates, is that a higher minimum wage will have adverse effects on job opportunities. Considerable effort has been devoted to providing quantitative estimates of the employment effects of the minimum wage with quite mixed results. We review this literature before turning to estimates of the impact of state level differences in the level of the minimum wage on youth employment in local labor markets in the Great Lakes Region of the US. We find that a higher minimum wage level is associated with higher earnings, lower employment, and reduced worker turnover for those in the 14 to 18 age group. For workers aged 19 to 21 and 22 to 24, we find less consistent evidence of important minimum wage effects on earnings and employment.
W debatach politycznych w USA często powraca argument o rzekomo negatywnym wpływie podwyższenia płacy minimalnej na perspektywy zatrudnienia. Wiele wysiłku włożono w zgromadzenie ilościowych danych szacunkowych dotyczących tego zagadnienia. Uzyskane wyniki należy uznać za niejednoznaczne. Autorzy artykułu analizują dostępną literaturę przedmiotu, a następnie przechodzą do oceny wpływu różnic wysokości płacy minimalnej na poziomie stanowym na zatrudnienie młodzieży na rynkach pracy w regionie Wielkich Jezior. Zaobserwowano związek wyższego poziomu płacy minimalnej z wyższymi zarobkami, niższym zatrudnieniem i spadkiem rotacji pracowników w grupie wiekowej od 14 do 18 lat. W wypadku pracowników w wieku od 19 do 21 lat i od 22 do 24 lat trudniej zaobserwować wyraźny wpływ płacy minimalnej na poziom wynagrodzeń i zatrudnienia.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance; 2015, 3(33); 5-15
1898-3529
2658-1116
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How can we solve the social crisis after COVID-19 and before robotization of workplace in the EU and national level – basic income or general minimum wage?
How can we solve the social crisis after COVID-19 and before robotization of workplace in the EU and national level – basic income or general minimum wage?[Jak możemy rozwiązać kryzys społeczny po COVID 19 i przed robotyzacją miejsc pracy...]
Autorzy:
Mélypataki, Gábor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/4301860.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
COVID-19
płaca minimalna
UBI
dochód minimalny
kryzys zatrudnienia
minimum wage
minimum income
employment crisis
Opis:
The changes of the labour market have strong characteristics compared to the earlier eras. These changes are primarily the changes happening due to the process of digitalization coming to the foreground which will significantly transform the structure of the labour market2. The time shift between the terminating workplaces and the new ones resulting from the application of new technologies and the retraining of the employees will result in an intermediate time interval. The maximal use of this time interval will be typical mainly for the low-educated manpower. However, based on the principle of national social care, these people cannot be left without provision. This problem has become really urgent because of the COVID-19 epidemic reaching Europe on the spring of 2020. More countries have introduced basic income or a similar kind of social benefit. The reason for this step is the significant employment crisis which is the consequence of the lock-down that has been applied in certain countries in order to stop the spread of the virus. But basic income is only one element of the system, so the issue should be examined in terms of minimum wage and minimum income.
Zachodzące obecnie zmiany na rynku pracy znacznie różnią się w porównaniu z wcześniejszymi okresami. Są one przede związane z wysuwającym się na pierwszy plan procesem cyfryzacji, który znacząco zmieni strukturę rynku pracy. Przesunięcie czasowe pomiędzy likwidowanymi stanowiskami pracy i nowymi, które wynikają z zastosowania nowych technologii i przekwalifikowania pracowników, będzie skutkowało powstaniem okresu przejściowego. Maksymalne wykorzystanie tego okresu będzie głównie dotyczyło słabo wykształconej siły roboczej. Jednak w oparciu o zasadę narodowej opieki społecznej, osoby te nie powinny być pozbawione pomocy. Problem ten nabrał szczególnego znaczenia z powodu epidemii COVID-19, która dotarła do Europy wiosną 2020 roku. Wiele krajów wprowadziło dochód podstawowy lub podobny rodzaj świadczeń społecznych. Powodem tego kroku jest poważny kryzys zatrudnienia, będący konsekwencją blokady zastosowanej w niektórych krajach w celu powstrzymania rozprzestrzeniania się wirusa. Ale dochód podstawowy jest tylko jednym z elementów systemu, a zatem kwestia wymaga zbadania pod kątem płacy minimalnej i dochodu minimalnego.
Źródło:
Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej; 2022, 20, 3; 1-23
0208-5003
2719-3462
Pojawia się w:
Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The composition and determinants of rural non-farm income diversification in Nigeria
Autorzy:
Olugbire, Oluseyi Olutoyin
Obafunsho, Oluwatosin Esther
Olarewaju, Titilope Omolara
Kolade, Ruth Ibukun
Odediran, Festus Abiodun
Orumwense, Lucy Adeteju
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1891994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
non-farm income
wage employment
self-employment
Tobit regression
rural Nigeria
Opis:
Farming has been considered as main source of income for rural households in Nigeria, despite their involvement in other income generating activities. Focusing on income derivable from farming alone may be partially responsible for the ineffective poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria. Using the National Living Standard Survey data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics, this paper investigated the composition and determinants of non-farm incomes of rural households in Nigeria. The results show that the share of farm, non-farm wage (NFW)- and self-employment (NFS) incomes in total household incomes were 24.3%, 43.0% and 23.7% respectively. Households whose heads are male (0.647), had formal education (0.522), increased the likelihood of households’ participation in NFW activities, while access to credit (-0.307) and having larger farm size (-0.221) decreased it. Access to credit (0.379); community participation (0.103); larger family size (0.193) and possession of capital assets (0.069) increased the likelihood of participation in NFS-employment activities, while having larger farm size (-0.211) decreased it. The study concludes that policy targeting poverty reduction should focus on providing enabling environment for poor households’ access to non-farm activities in the study area.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2020, 57, 3; 279-288
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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