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Tytuł:
The composition and determinants of rural non-farm income diversification in Nigeria
Autorzy:
Olugbire, Oluseyi Olutoyin
Obafunsho, Oluwatosin Esther
Olarewaju, Titilope Omolara
Kolade, Ruth Ibukun
Odediran, Festus Abiodun
Orumwense, Lucy Adeteju
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1891994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
non-farm income
wage employment
self-employment
Tobit regression
rural Nigeria
Opis:
Farming has been considered as main source of income for rural households in Nigeria, despite their involvement in other income generating activities. Focusing on income derivable from farming alone may be partially responsible for the ineffective poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria. Using the National Living Standard Survey data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics, this paper investigated the composition and determinants of non-farm incomes of rural households in Nigeria. The results show that the share of farm, non-farm wage (NFW)- and self-employment (NFS) incomes in total household incomes were 24.3%, 43.0% and 23.7% respectively. Households whose heads are male (0.647), had formal education (0.522), increased the likelihood of households’ participation in NFW activities, while access to credit (-0.307) and having larger farm size (-0.221) decreased it. Access to credit (0.379); community participation (0.103); larger family size (0.193) and possession of capital assets (0.069) increased the likelihood of participation in NFS-employment activities, while having larger farm size (-0.211) decreased it. The study concludes that policy targeting poverty reduction should focus on providing enabling environment for poor households’ access to non-farm activities in the study area.
Źródło:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2020, 57, 3; 279-288
1899-5241
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low Pay and Political Attitudes in Europe: Is There an East-West Divide?
Autorzy:
Fialová, Kamila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22858327.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-27
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Low-wage employment
low pay
ESS data
political attitudes
CEE countries
Opis:
Employing 2018 European Social Survey data in a multilevel framework, the paper aims to estimate the effect of working for low pay on a wide range of political attitudes and to explain the attitudinal differences between the Central and Eastern European (CEE) and Western European regions based on their differing socioeconomic and political background. The results suggest that it is mainly the lower living standard of inhabitants together with widespread wage inequality and not the specific legacy of the communist regimes that undermine the individual’s perception of influence on politics, political confidence and satisfaction with democracy in CEE. The results also indicate that working for low pay has a significant positive effect on the individual’s trust in politicians, but the relationship is moderated by the country’s economic development and is only significant in rich countries.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2023, 223, 3; 319-336
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem nisko opłacanych pracowników w Polsce na tle innych krajów gospodarki rynkowej
Low-Wage Employment in Poland and other Developed Countries
Autorzy:
Golnau, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964272.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-05-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
low-wage
wage inequality
employment market
Opis:
Research which has been carried out in countries with developed market economies indicates that since the 1980s there has been a systematic increase in wage inequality. As a result, low-wage employment has increased. In recent years, many academic institutions in developed countries have been conducting research into the scale, causes and consequences of low wages. Such research has not as yet been systematically carried out in Poland. This article aims to contribute to the research. Its objective is to establish the scale and causes of low-wage employment in Poland in the last sixteen years. The contents of the article are divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to the methodology of measuring low wages. The second part concerns the frequency of low wages in Poland and other countries with market economies. The third part of the article presents factors influencing the scale of the occurrence of low wages. According to the research, the number of people in low-wage employment in Poland systematically increased in the period from 1989 to 2004. In 2004 this number exceeded 22% of all working people. A similarly high percentage of low-wage employment is found only in Korea, Hungary, Great Britain, the USA and Canada.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2008, 11, 1
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Worker’s Employment Contract—the Legal Regulations of Interwar Poland
Autorzy:
Kwiecień, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
employment agreement
workers’ employment agreement
wage protection
work regulations
termination of employment relationship
Opis:
In independent Poland, the foundations for a new area of law, that is, labour law were laid, abandoning the previously crucial principle of freedom of contract underlying the contractual relationship between an employee and the employer. On March 16, 1928, the President of the Republic of Poland issued an ordinance on labour contracts, defining mutual obligations of employees and their employers under an employment contract based on which the employee undertook to perform work for the employer against remuneration. The legislator permitted the conclusion of employment contracts in writing, orally or in any other customary form accepted in a given workplace. In exchange for the work performed, the employer was obliged to pay appropriate contractual remuneration, as specified in the employment agreement. Importantly, this ordinance contained a number of protective regulations that were designed to protect the worker and make his position towards the employer more equal. They included regulations concerning remuneration protection or the employer’s obligation to specify work rules. Most importantly, however, the ordinance protected the worker from immediate and unjustified dismissal.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 4; 73-97
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wynagrodzenie minimalne w Polsce. Czy powinno być zróżnicowane regionalnie?
Should minimum wage in Poland vary depending on the region?
Autorzy:
Broniatowska, Paulina
Majchrowska, Aleksandra
Żółkiewski, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14971102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
minimum wage
regional labour markets
labour market
employment
Opis:
The paper looks at the issue of minimum wage in Poland and other EU member states. First, the definitions, measurement, dynamics and legislation related to the minimum wage are introduced. In the next section the authors discuss whether it is reasonable to regionally diversify the minimum wage in Poland, as the analysis shows that such economic indicators as the average wage, labour productivity and costs of living vary depending on the region. Authors claim that these factors speak in favor of regional diversification of the minimum wage.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2013, 4(36); 125-157
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal regulation of minimal wage on international level and the economic perspective. Selected issues in the context of current discussions
Prawna regulacja płacy minimalnej na poziomie międzynarodowym a perspektywa ekonomiczna. Wybrane zagadnienia w świetle aktualnych dyskusji
Autorzy:
Jakubiec, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2053079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:
Minimal wage
International Labor Organization
economic policy
employment policy
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present the most essential aspects of minimal wage institution functioning in the current international law, as well as to conduct an analysis of several selected legal end economic issues connected with the amount of remuneration payed to employees and its minimum rate. They seem significant in connection to political events that are nowadays taking place in some European countries. The key legal acts issued by s ubmitted by ILO will be analyzed, while special attention will be placed on the provisions of the Convention because of their particular status in the International Labor Organization’s legal acts’ system. What is more, the conclusions regarding this issue in the economic context will be drawn. It will allow for the explanation of this issue based not only on economic policy considerations, but also one which is closely connected with current state of international law.
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie najistotniejszych aspektów funkcjonowania instytucji płacy minimalnej w dobie obecnego kształtu prawa międzynarodowego i dokonanie analizy kilku wybranych prawnych i ekonomicznych zagadnień związanych z wysokością wypłacanego pracownikom wynagrodzenia oraz jego minimalnych stawek. Wydają się one istotne w związku z wydarzeniami politycznymi, jakie mają miejsce w przypadku niektórych państw europejskich. Sformułowane ponadto będą wnioski związane z tą problematyką z perspektywy ekonomicznej. Pozwoli to na eksplikację tego zagadnienia opartą nie tylko na rozważaniach z zakresu polityki gospodarczej, lecz ściśle powiązaną z aktualnym stanem prawa międzynarodowego.
Źródło:
Economic and Regional Studies; 2015, 08, 3; 67-79
2083-3725
2451-182X
Pojawia się w:
Economic and Regional Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Relationship between Education, Employment and Income
Autorzy:
PALAŠČÁKOVÁ, LENKA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194116.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
global value chains
human resources
capital
wage
income
education
employment
Opis:
The issue of interrelationships between education, employment and the level of income evaluation is a cross-cutting nature, where the economic, social, political and legal levels are intertwined. Its broader context predicts its thematic coverage. The article presents preliminary results of the mutual relationship between acquired skills and the level of education achieved and the ability of the individual to become involved in the labor market. The aim of the article is to determine, using statistical and analytical methods, the correlation between the employment rate and the level of education attained in the EU countries and within the territory of the Slovak Republic. On the basis of the initial analysis the authors aim to answer the question if university graduates achieve higher incomes than secondary-educated people. Eventually they try to propose solutions and measures that are necessary for increasing the level and value of human capital, especially in the Slovak Republic.
Źródło:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów; 2020, 55, 1; 7-21
1734-087X
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of minimum wages on employment and income inequalities – the Latin American experience
Wpływ płacy minimalnej na zatrudnienie i nierówności dochodu – doświadczenia krajów Ameryki Łacińskiej
Autorzy:
Sordyl, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/582436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
minimum wage
employment
income inequalities
płaca minimalna
zatrudnienie
nierówności dochodu
Opis:
The minimum wage is one of the most basic policy tools to provide workers with an adequate income and reduce excessive income inequalities. Traditional models of the labour market predict, however, that setting the minimum wage above the market-clearing level will lead to lower employment, especially for the least efficient workers. Recent experience in Latin American countries is in this context quite confusing – in some of them the minimum wage rose significantly, reducing wage disproportions, but at the same time employment increased and the informal sector shrank considerably. The trends were not stable, with a marked reversal visible in the last few years. The aim of the paper is to identify mechanisms through which the minimum wage affects labour market aggregates and to assess its impact on employment and income inequalities. Empirical data is analyzed for the region’s biggest economies.
Płaca minimalna jest jednym z podstawowych narzędzi zapewnienia pracownikom godnego dochodu oraz redukowania jego nadmiernych nierówności. Jednak tradycyjne modele rynku pracy przewidują, że ustalenie płacy minimalnej powyżej poziomu oczyszczającego rynek doprowadzi do spadku zatrudnienia, zwłaszcza w przypadku najmniej wydajnych pracowników. W tym kontekście niedawne doświadczenia krajów Ameryki Łacińskiej są zastanawiające – w niektórych z nich płace minimalne znacznie wzrosły, co doprowadziło do zmniejszenia dysproporcji wynagrodzeń, ale jednocześnie wzrosło także zatrudnienie, a sektor nieformalny istotnie się skurczył. Trendy te nie okazały się jednak stabilne i po kilku latach wyraźnie się odwróciły. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja mechanizmów, poprzez które płaca minimalna oddziałuje na zmienne rynku pracy, oraz ocena jej wpływu na zatrudnienie i nierówności dochodu. Do analizy wykorzystano dane głównych gospodarek regionu.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2019, 63, 6; 101-112
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Solidarity Lost? Low Pay Persistence During the Post-Communist Transition in Poland
Autorzy:
Kiersztyn, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
Low paid employment
wage mobility
transition economies
panel data
Polska
Opis:
This article analyses long-term changes in the persistence of low wages in Poland, given the variations in the general economic situation. All analyses are based on data from the Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN) conducted throughout the post-communist transition period, 1988–2013, on a representative sample of the Polish adult population. The study found that being in a low paid job raises the probability of experiencing the same situation five years later, even when controlling for the general economic context and the respondents’ demographic and economic characteristics. Upward mobility rates among initially low paid workers were significantly higher during periods of economic prosperity; however, even then low pay persistence remained substantial. The results also point to a secular growth in the persistence of poverty-level wages over the past two decades. Persistent low wages may bring about spaces of long-term poverty and social exclusion which cannot be overlooked by policy makers.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2015, 192, 4; 493-509
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Age Structure of Employment and Wages. An Analysis Across Occupational Groups
Autorzy:
Broniatowska, Paulina
Majchrowska, Aleksandra
Nasiński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075460.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
employment structure
workforce aging
wages
occupational groups
Mincer-type wage equation
Opis:
Recently, in most developed economies, the average age of the workforce has been growing rapidly. Therefore, the questions arise how will it affect the level of wages and the shape of age-productivity and age-wage profiles. The aim of the paper is to analyse the relationship between changes in the age structure of the employment and wages of individuals in minor occupational groups. Using individual data from the Structure of Earnings Survey in Poland in 2006-2014 we created an unique database of individual wages and the characteristics of employed in occupational groups at 3-digit level of classification. In our analysis we used an extended version of Mincerian wage model where both the characteristics of employees (education, work tenure, age, gender, and type of employment contract) and employers (size and ownership sector) were taken into account. The results for the whole sample indicate a significant and negative relationship between the proportion of older workers in employment in a given occupational group and individual wages. However, when the analyses were performed separately for each of the 1-digit occupational groups, the results varied significantly. In those groups where knowledge and qualifications of employees are more important than physical strength had to be updated permanently, an increase in the number of the older workers raises the average wages
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2020, 3; 227-250
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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