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Tytuł:
Середньовічні щити Європи та Русі (конструкція, військово-символічне значення, розвиток)
Medieval Shields of Europe and Rus’ (Construction, Military Symbolic Significance, Development)
Autorzy:
Козак, М.І.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22676837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-08
Wydawca:
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Institute of World History
Tematy:
комплекс озброєння
обладунок
мигдалеподібний щит
трикутний щит
павеза
тарч
«черлені щити»
armament complex
armor
almond-shaped shield
triangular shield
pavise
tarch
“cherleni shchyty”
Opis:
У статті розглянуто проблему розвитку щитів як головного елементу середньовічного захисного спорядження та важливого військового і геральдичного символу в українській середньовічній державі Русь та в Європі загалом. Автором окреслено стан дослідження теми та її джерельну базу. Простежено головні тенденції розвитку конструкції та символічного значення щитів у Європі періоду середньовіччя. Водночас, здійснено акцент на джерела, що стосуються Русі та суміжних із нею територій. Автор звертає увагу на необхідність зіставлення археологічних, писемних та іконографічних джерел у межах одного дослідження. У контексті цього дослідження звернено увагу на найбільш репрезентативні джерела, особливо на ті, які можна апробувати щодо руського матеріалу. Наголошено на тому, що щит як базовий елемент захисного спорядження впродовж середньовіччя чималим чином розвивався у руслі загальноєвропейських тенденцій. Це, водночас, унеможливлює виокремлення місцевих особливостей десь до початку ХІІІ ст. Саме на зламі ХІІ–ХІІІ ст. в деяких регіонах Східної Європи, а саме у русько-балтійсько-польському пограниччі формувався відносно новий тип щита, так звана «протопавеза». Це, відтак, мало безпосередній вплив на озброєння Русі і Тевтонського ордену у ХІІІ–XIV ст. У статті проаналізовано головні взаємовпливи і запозичення типів щитів поміж різними регіонами Східної Європи за доби середньовіччя. Наголошується, що на теренах української середньовічної держави Русь, яка перебувала на перетині східних та західних воєнних традицій, могли використовуватись щити як загальноєвропейських типів, так і східний «калкан». Проте, з огляду на наявні джерела, можна з упевненістю констатувати саме загальноєвропейську тенденцію розвитку цього захисного спорядження. Автор дійшов висновку, що щити, які використовувались як на Русі, так і в Європі у Х–ХІІ ст. загалом належали до тих самих типів. Зокрема, це круглий, мигдалеподібний та трикутний щити. Складнішим залишається питання щодо щитів ХІІІ–XV ст. У цей період можна спостерігати як впливи Західної Європи на Русь, наприклад, поширення рицарської тарчі, так і тенденції, які розпочались із теренів Східної Європи, а саме поширення павези у XІV–XV ст.
The article considers the problem of the development of shields, the main element of medieval protective equipment, and an important military and heraldic symbol in Ukrainian medieval state of Rus’ and in Europe in general. The state of the research and the source base are outlined. The main trends in the development of the design and symbolic significance of shields in Europe during the Middle Ages are outlined. At the same time, emphasis was placed on sources concerning Rus’ lands and adjacent territories. The author draws attention to the need to compare archaeological, written and iconographic sources in one study. The study focuses on the most representative sources, especially those that can be to apply on material from the Rus’ lands. It is emphasized that the shield as a basic element of protective equipment during the Middle Ages, іn Rus’ lands largely developed in line with European trends. Which in turn makes it impossible to isolate local features about to beginning of the ХІІІ century. At the turn of the XII–XIII centuries in some regions of Eastern Europe, namely the Rus’-Baltic-Polish border, a relatively new type of shield is being formed, the so-called “protopaveza”. This in turn had a direct impact on the armaments of Rus’ and the Teutonic Order in the ХІІІ–ХІV centuries. The author analyzes the main interactions and borrowings of types of shields between different regions of Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages. It is noted that in the Ukrainian medieval state of Rus’, which was at the intersection of Eastern and Western military traditions, shields of both European types and the eastern “kalkan” could be used. However, given the available sources, it is safe to say that the European trend of development of this protective equipment had an advantage. The author came to the conclusion that the shields used in Rus’ and Europe in the X–XII centuries generally belonged to the same types. In particular, it is round, almond-shaped and triangular shields. The issue of shields of the XIII–XV centuries remains more complicated. During this period can be observed as the influence of Western Europe on Rus’, for example, the spread of the knight's “tarch”. And trends that began in Eastern Europe, namely the spread of pavises in the XIV–XV centuries.
Źródło:
Проблеми всесвітньої історії; 2022, 18; 12-40
2707-6776
Pojawia się w:
Проблеми всесвітньої історії
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena wyrobów typu islandzkiego w kontekście jakości żywności®
Assessment of Iceland products in the context of nutritional quality®
Autorzy:
Żuchowski, Jerzy
Kiraga, Aneta
Kowalska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Menedżerska w Warszawie
Tematy:
wyrób typu islandzkiego
jakość żywieniowa
metoda trójkątowa
metoda skalowania
Icelandic type product
nutritional quality
triangular method
scaling method
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano informacje dotyczące wyrobów typu islandzkiego określanych jako skyr, które stanowią jedną z innowacji w segmencie produktów mlecznych na polskim rynku. Celem pracy była analiza preferencji konsumenckich dotyczących wybranych wyrobów typu islandzkiego z wsadem owocowym oraz próba oceny, czy wyroby tego typu są akceptowane przez konsumentów. Dokonano szczegółowej analizy składu wybranych do badań produktów, pochodzących od trzech różnych producentów. Wykazano różnice między nimi wykorzystując metodę trójkątową oraz zbadano preferencje konsumentów stosując metodę skalowania. Wyniki badań wskazały, że badane produkty różniły się między sobą istotnie, pomimo iż należały do wyrobów tego samego typu. Były one atrakcyjne dla konsumentów pod względem sensorycznym i mogą stanowić wartościowy składnik diety, głównie z uwagi na zawartość białka, witamin oraz minerałów.
In this work the information regarding Icelandic type products known as skyr, which are one of the innovations in the dairy products segment on the Polish market was presented. The aim of the study was to analyze consumer preferences regarding selected Icelandic type products with fruit input and to try to assess whether products of this type are accepted by consumers. A detailed analysis of the composition of products selected for testing from three different manufacturers was performed. Differences between them were shown using the triangle method and consumer preferences were tested using the scaling method. The results of own research indicate that the tested products may differ significantly, even though they belong to products of the same type. These products are attractive to consumers in sensory terms and can be a valuable component of the diet, mainly due to the content of protein, vitamins and minerals.
Źródło:
Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego; 2019, 2; 17-25
0867-793X
2719-3691
Pojawia się w:
Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spectral resolutions for non-self-adjoint block convolution operators
Autorzy:
Zalot, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
spectral operators
chains
triangular decomposition
Laurent operators
Jacobi matrices
Opis:
The paper concerns the spectral theory for a class of non-self-adjoint block convolution operators. We mainly discuss the spectral representations of such operators. It is considered the general case of operators defined on Banach spaces. The main results are applied to periodic Jacobi matrices.
Źródło:
Opuscula Mathematica; 2022, 42, 3; 459-487
1232-9274
2300-6919
Pojawia się w:
Opuscula Mathematica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of demand boosting policy on optimal inventory policy for imperfect lot size with backorder in fuzzy environment
Autorzy:
Yadav, D.
Singh, S. R.
Kumari, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
learning curve
advertisement
signed distance
triangular fuzzy number
backorder
inventory model
Opis:
This paper investigates an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model with backorder by taking imprecise demand rate with dependence upon the frequency of advertisement. The formulated model also incorporates learning effects on percentage of defective items present in each lot. Due to imprecision in demand, the obtained profit function is fuzzy. To determine the optimal values, we determine the equivalent crisp profit function by applying the signed distance method. Optimal order quantity and backorder level are obtained by using algebraic method in place of differential calculus. A numerical example is used to study the behavior of the model with respect to different inventory parameters. All calculations are performed with MATLAB 7.4.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2012, 41, 1; 191-212
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A novel approach to photonic generation of periodic triangular radio frequency waveforms
Autorzy:
Xiang, P.
Guo, H.
Chen, D.
Zhu, H.
Wu, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174643.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
microwave photonics
triangular waveform
polarization modulator (PolM)
microwave photonic filter (MPF)
radio frequency (RF) waveform generation
Opis:
A novel approach to photonic generation of triangular radio frequency waveforms with a tunable repetition rate is proposed and analyzed. In the proposed system, a continuous-wave light is modulated by a reference microwave signal through a polarization modulator, and then its output optical sidebands are manipulated by a microwave photonic filter with a negative tap. By properly adjusting the system parameters, full-duty-cycle triangular radio frequency waveforms can be generated after optical-to-electrical conversion, and its repetition rate (frequency) can be tuned in a wide range. A model describing the proposed system is derived, which is verified via computer simulations.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2015, 45, 3; 381-391
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agency suspensions of a back idler on angular oscillations of a tractor with the triangular caterpillar contour
Autorzy:
Varfolomeyev, V.
Pobedin, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246051.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
triangular caterpillar contour
suspension
back idler
modelling
Opis:
Main route of development of an agricultural tractor construction is raise of productivity of Caterpillar at the expense of increase in working speeds and tractors and tool width. Such direction of development demands simultaneous development of running systems and suspensions of caterpillars. The analysis of possibility of application of running system with triangular Caterpillar contour in farm tractors is in-process made. The mathematical model of the Caterpillar has been developed for research conducting realised in the environment of SIMULINK. Within the limits of conducting of the analysis of a construction of running system with triangular Caterpillar contour more effective construction of a suspension of a back idler in comparison with existing suspensions has been developed. On a designed construction of a suspension the patent is gained. The spent mathematical simulation of oscillations ofa case of a tractor with various arrangements of running systems and at tractor operation on the most widespread regimes has displayed efficiency as designed circuit design of a tractor with triangular contour, and a designed construction of a suspension of a back idler. Working out of a technique of optimisation of a suspension bracket of the developed running system as a whole under concrete conditions of operation is necessary.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 1; 507-511
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of the Effects of the Incident Flow Angle on Vibration Behavior in Heat Exchanger Tube Bundle
Autorzy:
Usman, Muhammad
Khushnood, Shahab
Nizam, Luqman Ahmad
Tanveer, Waqas
Shafi, Ahmad
Ayub, Muhammad
Khan, Hassan Farid
Rustam, Behzad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
incident flow angle
fluid elastic instability
flow-induced vibration
parallel triangular array
cross flow velocity
flexible tube
kąt przepływu
niestabilność sprężysta płynu
drgania indukowane przepływem
równoległy układ trójkątny
prędkość przepływu poprzecznego
elastyczna rura
Opis:
An experimental study on the incident flow angle effects on the vibration behavior was carried out on aluminum tube in parallel triangular tube bundle with P/D ratio of 1.375. Fluid elastic instability is the most fatal mechanism from all the vibration mechanisms and therefore must be dealt with a lot of attention. Experiments were performed on low speed water tunnel with the velocity of water ranges from 0.3 m/s to 0.7 m/s. The experiments were designed in a unique way to study the effects of incident flow angle on the vibration behavior. The monitored tube was mounted flexibly in an array of rigid tubes. The experiments were conducted on a flexible tube for different velocities ranging from 0.3 m/s to 0.7 m/s with different array rotated angles (0 to 90 degrees). It was observed that the vibration level was significantly high at 75 degree configuration as compared to other rotated angle configurations. It was also observed that the damping response is dispersed with all positive values, indicating that there is no instability in the tube.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2019, 13, 2; 186-194
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Another six-node triangular element for structural analysis
Autorzy:
Ton-That, Hoang Lan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38887867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
Tematy:
finite element method
FEM
double interpolation procedure
six-node triangular element
Opis:
A six-node triangular element is presented in this paper for structural analysis. With this approach, the approximation functions of the interpolation strategy are given by using the double interpolation procedure, which includes nodal values as well as averaged nodal gradients. The numerical results are, therefore, achieved following the proposed element. The efficiency of this element and its comparison is described by some fundamental examples. Better numerical solutions and smoother distributions of stresses not achieved by the standard elements will be provided when using this element. The computational time is also presented to overview the pros and cons of the proposed element. In fact, the new element’s computational time is higher than that based on the standard element because of the double interpolation procedure, but one does not need post-processing of any smoothing operation.
Źródło:
Engineering Transactions; 2022, 70, 3; 221-238
0867-888X
Pojawia się w:
Engineering Transactions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Spectral Characterization of the S-Clique Extension of the Triangular Graphs
Autorzy:
Tan, Ying-Ying
Koolen, Jack H.
Xia, Zheng-Jiang
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31564711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Wydział Matematyki, Informatyki i Ekonometrii
Tematy:
co-edge-regular graph
triangular graph
s-clique extension
Opis:
A regular graph is co-edge regular if there exists a constant µ such that any two distinct and non-adjacent vertices have exactly µ common neighbors. In this paper, we show that for integers s ≥ 2 and n large enough, any co-edge-regular graph which is cospectral with the s-clique extension of the triangular graph T (n) is exactly the s-clique extension of the triangular graph T (n).
Źródło:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory; 2020, 40, 2; 663-676
2083-5892
Pojawia się w:
Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamical properties of a modified chaotic Colpitts oscillator with triangular wave non-linearity
Autorzy:
Suresh, Rasappan
Sathish Kumar, Kumaravel
Regan, Murugesan
Niranjan Kumar, K. A.
Narmada Devi, R.
Obaid, Ahmed J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312004.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
chaos
Colpitts oscillator
Lyapunov exponent
diffusion
stability
synchronization
triangular wave non-linearity
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new chaotic oscillator. Although different chaotic systems have been formulated by earlier researchers, only a few chaotic systems exhibit chaotic behaviour. In this work, a new chaotic system with chaotic attractor is introduced for triangular wave non-linearity. It is worth noting that this striking phenomenon rarely occurs in respect of chaotic systems. The system proposed in this paper has been realized with numerical simulation. The results emanating from the numerical simulation indicate the feasibility of the proposed chaotic system. More over, chaos control, stability, diffusion and synchronization of such a system have been dealt with.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2023, 33, 1; 25--53
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Triangular fuzzy-rough set based fuzzification of fuzzy rule-based systems
Autorzy:
Starczewski, Janusz T.
Goetzen, Piotr
Napoli, Christian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych
Tematy:
general type-2 fuzzy logic systems
fuzzy-rough fuzzification
regular type-2 t-norms
cropped triangular secondary membership functions
Opis:
In real-world approximation problems, precise input data are economically expensive. Therefore, fuzzy methods devoted to uncertain data are in the focus of current research. Consequently, a method based on fuzzy-rough sets for fuzzification of inputs in a rulebased fuzzy system is discussed in this paper. A triangular membership function is applied to describe the nature of imprecision in data. Firstly, triangular fuzzy partitions are introduced to approximate common antecedent fuzzy rule sets. As a consequence of the proposed method, we obtain a structure of a general (non-interval) type-2 fuzzy logic system in which secondary membership functions are cropped triangular. Then, the possibility of applying so-called regular triangular norms is discussed. Finally, an experimental system constructed on precise data, which is then transformed and verified for uncertain data, is provided to demonstrate its basic properties.
Źródło:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research; 2020, 10, 4; 271-285
2083-2567
2449-6499
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency assessment of the use of Bloch-Schmigalla triangular method to improve the functioning of commercial industry enterprise
Autorzy:
Skotnicka-Zasadzień, Bożena
Sowiński, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
Bloch-Schmigalla triangular method
quality
effectiveness
enterprise
metoda trójkątna Blocha-Schmigalli
jakość
efektywność
przedsiębiorczość
Opis:
Purpose: In order to maintain the highest possible quality of services, more and more often the enterprises make use of proven optimization methods that allow them to maintain competitiveness on the market. One of these methods is spatial placement of workstations that influences the functioning of enterprises. There are many techniques of placing workstations, depending on the business activity run by the company. Design/methodology/approach: This article presents the use of Bloch-Schmigalla triangular method to improve the placement of office workstations in a commercial industry enterprise. The method used allowed to improve the functioning of the company by shortening the time for forwarding of all documents and information. Findings: The use of Bloch-Schmigalla triangular method allowed for quick placement of workstations, new placement of workstations. As a result, the workstations will not be as loaded and specific tasks will be performed faster. The time saved can be used to complete other tasks. Thanks to Bloch-Schmigalla triangular method, the distances between the workstations are equal. Before, the distances between several of the workstations were greater than in the case of other ones. Research limitations/implications: The major limitation of the paper is that it is based on one case of an. In the future, it will be necessary to conduct studies in more organizations so as to find out if the same result can be achieved. Originality/ value: The article concerned the use of the Bloch-Schmigalli method to improve the positioning of office spaces in a commercial industry company. Until now, this method has not been used to improve the quality of work in office positions.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2020, 142; 243-262
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An EOQ inventory model for Gompertz deteriorating items with quadratic demand and constant holding cost in a fuzzy environment
Autorzy:
Senbagam, K.
Kokilamani, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1066258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Deteriorating items
Gompertz distribution
Inventory system
Pascal triangular method
Quadratic function
Triangular fuzzy number
Opis:
In this paper we discussed an economic order quantity inventory model for deteriorating items with time-dependent demand rate. Here the demand is considered as a quadratic function of time and deteriorating items follow a Gompertz distribution deterioration. Stock out is not permitted and holding cost is constant. The deterioration cost, holding cost and the parameters α, β are assumed as a triangular fuzzy numbers. Our goal is to maximize the total profit of inventory optimization by using Pascal triangular method. A few numerical examples illustrate the implementation of the proposed model. Sensitivity analysis is the study of how to divide and allocate the uncertainty in the output of a mathematical model or system to different sources of input uncertainty.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 130; 25-41
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dual-band multi slot patch antenna for wireless applications
Autorzy:
Samsuzzaman, M.
Islam, M.T.
Faruque, M. R. I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Ku/K band
microstrip patch antenna
multiband
satellite
slotted
triangular
Opis:
In this paper a novel configuration of broadband multi slot antenna for C/X bands is presented and analyzed. By cutting two diamond slots in the middle of the rectangular patch and three triangular slots in the right side of the patch, resonances can be created. Microstrip feed line is used in the down side region of the patch. Antenna characteristics were simulated using a finite element method (HFSS). According to simulations, the proposed multiple slot antennas can provide two separated impedance bandwidths of 970 MHz (about 11.96% centred at 8.11 GHz band) and 890 MHz (about 9.76% centred at 9.42 GHz band) and stable radiation patterns, promising for satellite systems.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2013, 2; 19-23
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
About special properties of the hidden structure of triangular numbers for immediate factorization
Autorzy:
Samojluk, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2133934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
factorization algorithm
RSA
cryptography
numerical experiments
triangular numbers
number theory
Opis:
The factorization problem belongs to a group of problems important in the security of information systems and cryptography. The article describes a new number factorization algorithm designed based on numerical experiments. We present an extension of number factorization using triangular numbers features. The described algorithm can be used to increase the security of key generation for the RSA algorithm.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2022, 25(1); 35--57
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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