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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1647
Tytuł:
„Nasz brak programu był w pewnym sensie również naszym programem” – myśl polityczna Wolnych Związków Zawodowych Wybrzeża
“Our lack of programme was in a sense also our programme” – political thought of the Free Trade Unions of the Coast
Autorzy:
Bień, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343421.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
myśl polityczna
opozycja w PRL
Wolne Związki Zawodowe
robotnicy w PRL
inteligencja w PRL
political thought
opposition in the PRL
Free Trade Unions
workers in the PRL
intelligentsia in the PRL
Opis:
The Free Trade Unions of the Coast were one of the most important organizations of the pre-August opposition. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the political thought of the organization and to answer questions about who its exponents were, how they perceived the reality of the Polish People’s Republic and how they planned to change it. The concepts built by the WZZ of the Coast have been contrasted with other programs of such organizations in Poland. Also pointed out are the programmatic themes of the WZZ that remain relevant today. The article uses an analytical method of abstracting individual ideas contained in the political output of the members of the organization in question and reconstructing them as a certain ideological whole. The conclusions recognize that the WZZ of the Coast had a primarily worker-oriented and practice-oriented character, which distinguished it from the more intellectual KOR and ROPCiO. Also important to the organization were the traditions of patriotic socialism derived from the Polish Socialist Party and the events of December 1970.
Wolne Związki Zawodowe Wybrzeża były jedną z ważniejszych organizacji tzw. opozycji przedsierpniowej (obok m.in. Komitetu Obrony Robotników i Ruchu Obrony Praw Człowieka i Obywatela). Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja myśli politycznej organizacji oraz odpowiedź na pytania o to, kim byli jej wyraziciele, jak postrzegali rzeczywistość PRL i jak planowali ją zmieniać. Koncepcje budowane przez WZZ Wybrzeża zostały zestawione z innymi programami tego typu organizacji w Polsce. Wskazano również na wątki programowe w myśli WZZ, które pozostają aktualne do dziś. W artykule zastosowano metodę analityczną polegającą na wyabstrahowaniu poszczególnych idei zawartych w dorobku politycznym organizacji oraz jej członków i zrekonstruowaniu ich jako pewnej ideowej całości. We wnioskach uznano, że WZZ Wybrzeża miały charakter przede wszystkim robotniczy i zorientowany na praktykę, co odróżniało je od bardziej intelektualnych KOR i ROPCiO. Ważne dla organizacji były także tradycje socjalizmu patriotycznego wywodzące się z Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej oraz wydarzenia Grudnia 1970 i ich upamiętnienie.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2024, 1(40); 147-165
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Piszę w imieniu mieszkańców…”. Życie codzienne w województwie leszczyńskim w świetle listów opublikowanych w „Panoramie Leszczyńskiej” w latach 1980–1989
“I am writing on behalf of the residents...”. Daily Life in the Province of Leszno in the Letters Published in “Panorama Leszczyńska” 1980–1989
Autorzy:
Gendera, Adrian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/46446455.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
kryzys gospodarczy w PRL
krytyka władz
handel i system kartkowy
przestrzeń publiczna
problemy mieszkaniowe
„Panorama Leszczyńska”
economic crisis in communist Poland
criticism of the party authorities
trade and the ration card system
public space
housing problems
“Panorama Leszczyńska”
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wiodących elementów życia codziennego ludności z terenu województwa leszczyńskiego w latach 1980–1989. Podstawą źródłową są listy czytelników, które opublikowano na łamach wojewódzkiego tygodnika „Panorama Leszczyńska”. Prezentują one tematykę kryzysu gospodarczego (wynikających z niego problemów socjalno- bytowych), stosunku społeczeństwa do władz lokalnych i pracowników handlu. Kreślą także obraz socjalistycznego społeczeństwa, w którym przejawiają się postawy: marnotrawstwa, alkoholizmu, nieszanowania wspólnej własności, niskiego etosu pracy.
The aim of the article is to present main elements of everyday life of the population living in the territory of the Leszno Voivodeship in 1980–1989. The sources are readers’ letters published in the voivodeship weekly “Panorama Leszczyńska”. They show the economic crisis (in particular the social-living problems appearing as its result), society’s attitude towards local authorities and trade workers. They also draw a picture of the problems of socialist society: waste, alcoholism, disrespect for common property, poor work ethos.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2024, 115; 165-179
0208-6050
2450-6990
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Armed Conflict as an ‘Undoing’ Force in Regional Integration and Its Impact on the Consolidation of AfCFTA Development Mission
Autorzy:
Shumba, Munyayiwashe
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
armed conflict
regional cooperation
development
trade
peace
Opis:
The paper examines the intricate relationship between armed conflict and regional integration, focusing on its role as an ‘undoing’ force in the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) context. A significant element of development and economic cooperation in Africa is the perennial problem of violent conflict in almost all sub-regions. Moreover, organized crime is rising across the continent, coupled with the emergence of new forms of violence associated with today’s globalization and other post-Cold War phenomena. Globalization has led to greater interdependence among countries and fostered cooperation among states. However, a country’s internal conflict often has repercussions beyond its borders and threatens regional and global peace and stability. In addition, armed conflict can affect countries’ relations and state cooperation. Peace provides a good foundation for development and economic cooperation, while development ensures the permanence of peace. The central question addressed in this paper is whether constructive regional economic integration and cooperation can be effectively achieved while some African countries are experiencing armed conflict. A qualitative research approach is used to analyze how armed conflict will likely negatively impact the achievement of AfCFTA goals.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2024, 1(53); 179-189
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Beyond the Initial Export Boost: The Erosion of Trade Agreement Benefits
Autorzy:
Ronen, Eyal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29431182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
Export competitiveness
Non-Tariff Measures
Survival analysis
Trade agreements
Opis:
Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are widely acclaimed for their potential to mitigate market imperfections and expand export opportunities. However, in changing economic circumstances, these beneficial effects may only endure for a while and often gradually fade, affecting industries unevenly. This study delves into this overlooked phenomenon by exploring Poland‘s export performance in the Western Balkan (WB) region, where the implementation of Stabilization and Association Agreements (SAAs) has evidently generated export growth, primarily driven by tariff reductions, though these gains were manifested disproportionally across sectors. Employing survival analysis, the study validates the positive influence of SAAs on Polish export competitiveness within the WBs while uncovering its temporal erosion and sectoral discrepancies. On average, a 51% and 84% decline in Polish export competitiveness to WBs is observed after 5 and 10 years, respectively. Moreover, a unique dataset on non-tariff measures (NTMs) is employed to identify specific sectors encountering significant NTMs contributing to the reported diverse export patterns. These insights highlight the need for policies that acknowledge the diminishing benefits of trade agreements and mitigate the trade imbalances caused by NTMs.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 128-140
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Development of Factoring Services in Poland in The Years 2011-2022
Rozwój usług faktoringowych w Polsce w latach 2011-2022
Autorzy:
Walkusz, Sandra
Dziadek, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36086229.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
faktoring
usługi faktoringowe
determinanty faktoringu
PKB
przychody
należności handlowe
kredyty i pożyczki
factoring
factoring services
determinants of factoring
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
revenues
trade receivables
credits and loans
Opis:
The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to analyze the market of factoring services in Poland in the years 2011-2022 and to evaluate the impact of selected macro- and microeconomic factors on the development of factoring in Poland during this period. For the purposes of the study the adopted hypothesis regraded the existence of a positive correlation between the value of factoring turnovers and the gross domestic product; revenues from the sale of products, goods, and services; liabilities arising from deliveries and services; and short-term liabilities from loans and borrowings. Methodology. The sources of data on the factoring services market were statistical data from the Polish Factors Association (PFA) and the Central Statistical Office (CSO). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to measure dependencies. Meanwhile, to examine the significance of the obtained results, the t-Student test statistic was employed. Results of the research. The study results confirm the growing popularity of factoring as a source of financing for economic activities. In the period 2011-2022, the number of financed invoices and the value of receivables purchased by factors increased fourfold. The conducted analysis of correlation coefficients revealed a very strong dependence between the value of factoring receivables and all analyzed economic factors (all coefficients had a value above 0.9). The results of the t-Student test suggest that all these dependencies were statistically significant.
Cel artykułu. Celem artykułu jest analiza rynku usług faktoringowych w Polsce w latach 2011–2022 oraz ocena wpływu wybranych czynników makro- i mikroekonomicznych na rozwój faktoringu w Polsce w tym okresie. Na potrzeby badania przyjęto hipotezę o istnieniu dodatniej zależności między wartością obrotów faktoringowych a produktem krajowym brutto; przychodami ze sprzedaży produktów, towarów i usług; należnościami z tytułu dostaw i usług oraz zobowiązaniami krótkoterminowymi z tytułu kredytów i pożyczek. Metoda badawcza. Źródłami danych na temat rynku usług faktoringowych były dane statystyczne z Polskiego Związku Faktorów (PZF) oraz Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (GUS). Do pomiaru zależności wykorzystano współczynniki korelacji Pearsona. Natomiast w celu zbadania istotności uzyskanego wyniku wykorzystano statystykę testową t-Studenta. Wyniki badań. Wyniki badania potwierdzają wzrost popularności faktoringu jako źródła finansowania działalności gospodarczej. W latach 2011–2022 czterokrotnie zwiększyła się liczba finansowanych faktur oraz wartość wierzytelności wykupionych przez faktorantów. Przeprowadzona analiza współczynników korelacji wykazała bardzo silną zależność między wartością wierzytelności faktoringowych a wszystkimi czynnikami ekonomicznymi poddanymi analizie (wszystkie współczynniki miały wartość powyżej 0,9). Wyniki testu t-Studenta sugerują, że wszystkie te zależności były istotne statystycznie.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2024, 2, 42; 153-169
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade Liberalisation: A Generalized Cournot Oligopoly Approach
Autorzy:
Cieślik, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29431130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
Cournot oligopoly model
firm heterogeneity
imperfect competition
international trade liberalisation
market structure
Opis:
The main goal of this article is to contribute to the theoretical analysis of international trade under imperfect competition using the Cournot oligopoly model with heterogeneous firms. In particular, our objective is to provide some insights into the role of cost asymmetry in studying the effects of trade liberalisation in the Cournot oligopoly framework. In order to introduce firm heterogeneity into the oligopoly model we use the generalised Cournot framework with asymmetric firms that differ in terms of their productivity, levels of output and market shares. We show that trade liberalisation leads to the elimination of less productive firms and results in lower equilibrium prices, higher sales per firm and lower markups in the industry.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 67-78
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Food Safety: A Developing Country Perspective
Autorzy:
Togan, Sübidey
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29431121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
food safety issues
food trade
trade facilitation
Opis:
Developing countries, trying to achieve an acceptable level of food safety at the least possible cost (efficiency objective) and facilitation of market access to the large and lucrative developed country food markets (market access objective), could follow the multilateral, regional, unilateral or the independent approach. The paper studying the pros and cons of these approaches aims to determine the most appropriate food safety reform package. It shows that the best approach is the unilateral. Under this approach the achievement of efficiency objective requires the adoption and implementation of the multilateral approach. The achievement of market access objective requires the adoption and implementation of the regulatory regime of the developed country whose markets the developing country is intending to penetrate. Instead, the paper proposes that the developing country adopts and implements the developed countries‘ regulatory regime only in agricultural sub-sectors with highest comparative advantage scores, and that in all other agricultural sub-sectors the country should adopt and implement the regulatory regime as developed by multilateral approach. Since the tasks associated with designing and implementing the food safety policy reform are challenging, the paper advocates that this task should be left to a new institution, the ‘Food Safety Council‘, which needs to be formed as an autonomous public institution with sufficient financial and technical resources.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 54-66
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foreign direct investment and economic growth in developing countries: The role of international trade and foreign debt
Autorzy:
Epor, Simon Okaja
Yua, Henry
Terhemba Iorember, Paul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23942885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-01-03
Wydawca:
Fundacja Naukowa Instytut Współczesnych Finansów
Tematy:
foreign direct investment
trade openness
external debt
economic growth
developing countries
external finance
ARDL
autoregressive distributed lag model
Opis:
The existing literature is sparse on the role of international finance in modeling the FDI-growth nexus. This study integrates the role of international trade and external debt in the FDI-economic growth nexus for Brazil, Nigeria, and Vietnam. We apply the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to annual data covering the period 1990-2021. The results show that FDI and trade have positive but insignificant effects on economic growth in all three countries. In addition, our results show that external debt hampers long-term economic growth in these countries. Based on the results, we propose country-specific recommendations that take into account specific economic and financial conditions, global market dynamics, and the long-term development goals of developing countries.
Źródło:
Modern Finance; 2024, 2, 1; 1-17
2956-7742
Pojawia się w:
Modern Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How Much Neoprotectionism is There in Contemporary World Trade?
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29431101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
trade protection
non-tariff measures to trade
harmful policy instruments
liberalising policy instruments
trade in goods
Opis:
Negative effects of globalisation and liberalisation of trade are countered using protectionist measures. Contemporary protectionism, typically termed neoprotectionism, is put into practice using a wide variety of non-tariff instruments, with a considerably lesser degree of transparency compared to tariffs, which are more difficult to identify and measure. The aim of this paper is to determine the dynamics of protection, as well as the category and geographical structure for the use of trade policy instruments in the world goods trade in the years 2010–2022. The study was based on source materials from the Global Trade Alert (GTA) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The conducted analyses showed that interventions taken in the world goods trade in the years 2010–2022 were primarily trade restrictions executed using non-tariff measures. In terms of its geographical distribution the relatively greatest scope of protectionism observed was for the trade policy of China and the USA. In terms of the product category, the sale of agricultural produce was protected the most. The realised model of protectionism differed depending on the group of products being traded, the standard of economic development of the country implementing trade policy measures, its export specialisation and the degree of self-sufficiency. The protectionist character of the trade policy was also enhanced during economic crises.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 21-32
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of TBTs on Trade in ICT Goods: Differentiating by Regulatory Objectives
Autorzy:
Ghodsi, Mahdi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29431179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
Information and communications technology
non-tariff measures
technical barriers to trade
| Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood
World Trade Organization
Opis:
This paper analyses how different types of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) imposed on imports of information and communications technology (ICT) goods globally affected the value and volume of imported goods during the period of 1996–2018. Key words cited in the TBTs give an indication of the aims behind the imposition of TBTs. The results indicate that TBTs have a strong positive impact on the value of imports. While many key words cited in TBTs notified to the World Trade Organization (WTO) affect the value and volume of imports in a positive way, certain other TBTs function as trade barriers.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 97-127
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konkurencyjność sektora żywnościowego Polski na rynkach zagranicznych w latach 2018–2022
Poland’s food sector competitiveness on foreign markets in 2018–2022
Autorzy:
Szczepaniak, Iwona
Juchniewicz, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343834.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Ekspertyz i Oceny Skutków Regulacji
Tematy:
food sector in Poland
international competitiveness
foreign trade in agri-food products of Poland
external conditions affecting the Polish food trade
Opis:
The research on competitiveness, derived from the theory of international exchange, is becoming increasingly important under the current conditions of internationalisation, integration and globalisation processes. Competitiveness, therefore, is understood as the ability to cope with international competition, manifesting itself by the acceptance of a country’s products by customers on foreign markets. Thus, it is defined as a country’s ability to maintain or increase market shares. A similar approach can also be used while analysing the food sector competitiveness. The aim of the article is to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector on foreign markets in a dynamic approach, i.e., in the years 2018–2022. The changes in the basic trade flows, i.e., goods export, import and trade balance, as well as their geographical structure, together with the external conditions affecting the Polish food trade are discussed in the article. The study also contains an assessment of the Polish food sector competitiveness on the world market, carried out on the basis of two competitiveness indicators, i.e., the index of revealed comparative advantages in exports according to B. Balassa (RCA) and the Lafay export-import relations index (LFI). Both indicators testify to the inter-industry specialisation in trade by a given group of products. The comparative advantages and specialisation level of the production and export of the analysed products are expressed, among others, by the growing trade surplus of the products under research. The analysis was carried out on the level of HS (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System) codes. The statistical data, analysed in the article, were taken from the World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS-Comtrade) database and Statistics Poland, as well as the literature sources on the subject. The perspectives for the successful development of the food products trade, while maintaining Poland’s competitiveness in the said sector under the changing external conditions, were presented in the final part of the text.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2024, 1(77); 73-102
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland–USA sectoral trade balances: regime shifts and the nonlinear impact of currency fluctuations
Autorzy:
Pruchnicka-Grabias, Izabela
Piekunko-Mantiuk, Iwona
Hegerty, Scott W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40433428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Trade balances
USA
Polska
Cointegration
Structural breaks
Opis:
Purpose – The Polish economy has undergone major challenges and changes over the past few decades. The country’s trade flows, in particular, have become more firmly tied to the country’s Western neighbors as they have grown in volume. This study examines Poland’s trade balances in ten Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) sectors versus the United States of America, first testing for and isolating structural breaks in each time series. These breaks are then included in a set of the cointegration models to examine their macroeconomic determinants. Design/methodology/approach – Linear and nonlinear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag models, both with and without dummies corresponding to structural breaks, are estimated. Findings – One key finding is that incorporating these breaks reduces the significance of the real exchange rate in the model, supporting the hypothesis that this variable already incorporates important information. It also results in weaker evidence for cointegration of all variables in certain sectors. Research limitations/implications – This study looks only at one pair of countries, without any third-country effects. Originality/value – An important country pair’s trade relations is examined; in addition, the real exchange rate is shown to incorporate economic information that results in structural changes in the economy. The paper extends the existing literature by conducting an analysis of Poland’s trade balances with the USA, which have not been studied in such a context so far. A strong point is a broad methodology that lets compare the results the authors obtained with different kinds of models, both linear and nonlinear ones, with and without structural breaks.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2024, 32, 1; 116-133
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Political and Economic Dimensions of the Dominance of Selected Asian Recycling Yards in the World
Autorzy:
Kamola-Cieślik, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42939048.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international law
trade unions
government policy
South Asian countries
ship recycling industry
Opis:
India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have dominated the global ship recycling market in the 21st century. A recycled ship provides steel and other metals for industrial reuse. In addition to economic gains, ship recycling affects the environment and workers’ health. The article compares the changes in the policies of the governments of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan regarding recycling shipyard operations from 2009-2022 in the context of international and EU law standards. It also shows the impact of international organizations, shipbuilding trade unions, Shipbreaking Platform non-governmental, Maersk shipping company, and Norway on the decisions of South Asian countries to make them ratify the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. Analysis of the collected research material allows us to conclude that the governments of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have shown varying degrees of understanding of introducing legal regulations for safe ship recycling.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2024, 2(53); 15-30
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realizacja szczepień przeciw COVID-19 - wykonanie zadań przez organy administracji rządowej
Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccinations – Tasks of Government Administration Bodies
Autorzy:
Grunwald-Fitas, Aneta
Ściślewska-Jakubiak, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32062553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-04
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
szczepionki przeciw COVID-19
Narodowy Program Szczepień
Główny Inspektor Farmaceutyczny
obrót produktami leczniczymi
nadzór nad realizacją NPSz
anti-COVID-19 vaccinations
National Vaccination Programme
Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector
trade of medical products
supervision of the implementation of the National Vaccination Programme
Opis:
W grudniu 2020 r. Rada Ministrów przyjęła Narodowy Program Szczepień przeciw COVID-191 (dalej NPSz, Program). Obejmował nie tylko zakup odpowiedniej liczby dawek, ich dystrybucję, ale także monitoring przebiegu i efektywności szczepienia oraz zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa obywatelom. Z jednej strony miał dać szansę na powrót do „normalności” (ekonomicznej, społecznej, edukacyjnej), a z drugiej przywrócić dostęp do systemu ochrony zdrowia, w szczególności pacjentom z innymi schorzeniami. Najwyższa Izba Kontroli przeprowadziła w latach 2021–2023 kilka kontroli doraźnych, aby ustalić, czy administracja rządowa należycie realizowała cele Programu. Ustaliła, że odpowiedzialne za NPSz organy niewłaściwie szacowały zapotrzebowanie na szczepionki i nieskutecznie nadzorowały wykonanie Programu. Budżet państwa stracił na tym 8,4 mln zł.
When the World Health Organisation announced the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, humans had to face a new reality, marked with the fear of infection and the need to introduce safety measures whose scale was unprecedented. The pandemic caused significant disruptions in medical services provision. The dynamics of infections in subsequent ‘waves’ of the pandemic were so high that the risk appeared that not all persons hospitalised due to COVID-19 would be provided with assistance in medical entities. Widespread vaccinations were supposed to solve the problem. In December 2020, the Council of Ministers adopted the National Vaccination Programme. It was expected to allow for returning to ‘normal’ and restore access to the health protection services, especially to patients with other diseases. In the years 2021–2023, the Supreme Audit Office of Poland conducted several ad hoc audits in order to find out whether the Polish government administration properly realised the objective of the National Vaccination Programme, which was to reach such a level of the society’s vaccination that would allow for curbing the pandemics by the end of 2021, at the same time preserving the highest standards of safety, and whether the Programme had resulted in reducing the pandemics’ consequences. The audits comprised the implementation of the Programme by the following bodies: selected vaccination centres, the National Health Fund, the Government Agency of Strategic Reserves (RARS), the Office of the Prime Minister, the Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector, and the Minister of Health. The article discusses the most important findings of the audit.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2024, 69, 2 (415); 68-81
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Single Market Enlargement and Technical Barriers to Trade: Revisiting the Evidence
Autorzy:
Hagemejer, Jan
Matuszczak, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29431172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
European integration
EU enlargement
gravity model
technical barriers to trade
Opis:
EU enlargements have given new EU member states access to the European Single Market. While tariff liberalisation was already completed at the time of enlargement, technical regulations were subject to different sectoral approaches, including harmonisation and mutual recognition. We employ a structural gravity model estimated using sectoral trade data from 1987 to 2020 to assess the trade effects of these measures. We find that trade expansion, particularly exports of the NMS to the incumbent EU members, has been stronger in the sectors covered either by the Old Approach (full harmonisation) or the New Approach (essential requirements) than in sectors covered by mutual recognition. The New Approach has been more effective when coupled with mutual recognition at the sector level than with either approach alone. Our results imply that the TBT harmonisation has had a heterogenous impact on different sectors (the most important for low-tech industries was the Old Approach, while for high-tech, it was the New Approach).
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 79-96
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1647

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