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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 32
Tytuł:
The use of surfactant from the Tween group in toluene biofiltration
Autorzy:
Miller, Urszula
Sówka, Izabela
Adamiak, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
toluene
surfactants
biofiltration
VOC
Opis:
Due to the lower energy consumption and waste production compared to traditional methods, the environmental bioremediation methods based on natural processes have been gradually becoming more prevalent in environmental engineering. Biological methods are used in waste management, wastewater treatment, gas treatment or soil remediation. For the low solubility of some pollutants and lower bioavailability, the use of biological methods may be hampered. This problem might be mitigated with the use of surfactants. This paper presents the results of studies regarding the effect of dosing a selected surfactant from the Tween group (Tween 20) on the efficiency of toluene elimination from the air by biofiltration. The obtained maximum biofiltration rate was 21.2 g/m3/h and 19.8 g/m3/h for the control bed and for the bed to which the Tween 20 solution was dosed, respectively. The effect of Tween was neutral (the effectiveness of toluene removal was insignificantly comparable to the effectiveness of the control series), it did not affect the effectiveness or limited the development of the biofilter microflora.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2020, 46, 2; 53-57
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Benzene and Toluene Removal by Carbon Nanotubes from Aqueous Solution
Autorzy:
Bina, B.
Amin, M. M.
Rashidi, A.
Pourzamani, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
carbon nanotubes
benzene
isofit
toluene
Opis:
The removal of benzene (B) and toluene (T) from aqueous solution by multi walled, single walled, and hybrid carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and HCNTs) was evaluated for a nanomaterial dose of 1 g/l, concentration of 10-100 mg/l, and pH 7. The equilibrium amount removed by SWCNTs (B: 9.98 mg/g and T: 9.96 mg/g) was higher than for MWCNTs and HCNTs. Toluene has a higher adsorption tendency on CNTs than benzene, which is related to the increasing water solubility and the decreasing molecular weight of the compounds. The SWCNTs performed better for B and T sorption than the MWCNTs and HCNTs. Isotherms study based on isofit program indicate that the Generalized Langmuir-Freundlich (GLF) isotherm expression provides the best fit for benzene sorption, and that Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm is the best fit for toluene adsorption by SWCNT. SWCNTs are efficient B and T adsorbents and possess good potential applications to water and wastewater treatment and maintain water of high quality that could be used for cleaning up environmental pollution.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2012, 38, 1; 3-25
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Decomposition of toluene in air mixtures under electron beam irradiation
Autorzy:
Sun, Y.
Chmielewski, A. G.
Bułka, S.
Zimek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148028.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
toluene
4-chlorotoluene
decomposition
electron beam
Opis:
The model gases of toluene-air mixtures were prepared by blowing technical air into liquid toluene and then irradiated with an ILU-6 accelerator located at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (INCT), Poland. It was found that the decomposition efficiency of toluene increases with absorbed dose and decreases with initial concentration of toluene. At 14.5 kGy dose, the decomposition efficiencies of toluene were 50, 37 and 34.5% for the initial concentrations of toluene 32.0, 63.4 and 78.0 ppm, respectively. At 58.0 kGy dose, the decomposition efficiencies of toluene were 93.8 and 78.1%, the initial concentrations of toluene being 32.0 and 63.4 ppm, respectively. Benzaldehyde was identified as one of the by-products of toluene decomposition in an air mixture. The decomposition efficiency and by-product formation under EB irradiation were compared between toluene and 4-chlorotoluene.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2009, 54, 2; 65-70
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis, Characterization and Sensing Behavior of WO₃ Nanocrystalline Powder for Toluene Vapor
Autorzy:
Boran, F.
Çetinkaya, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
tungsten oxide
direct precipitation technique
toluene
Opis:
Tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanocrystalline powder was successfully synthesized by direct precipitation technique starting from sodium tungstate dehydrate (Na₂WO₄·2H₂O) as precursor at 80°C for 48 h. The morphological characteristics, distribution, and crystallite size of WO₃ nanocrystalline powder were analysed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to transmission electron microscopy results, the mean particle size of WO₃ nanocrystalline powder was approximately determined as 41.7 nm. The gas sensing performance of WO₃ nanocrystalline powder for saturated toluene vapor was measured by two probe resistivity unit in a closed vessel at room temperature. In addition, WO₃ nanocrystalline powder was able to respond the lowest concentration of 500 ppm. The results showed that the sample exhibited high sensitivity (93%) and good response reproducibility (0.93+5.5%) for toluene vapor.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 132, 3; 572-573
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Procedure for Trace Analysis of Toluene
Autorzy:
Heidari, H. R.
Shahtaheri, S. J.
Golbabaei, F.
Alimohammadi, M.
Rahimi-Froushani, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
headspace
solid phase microextraction
gas chromatography
toluene
Opis:
This study describes optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector for toluene at trace level in spiked urine. The parameters affecting the extraction and gas chromatographic determination of analytes were studied: extraction time and temperature; desorption time and temperature; addition of NaCl; and pH, volume and agitation of the sample. Optimized headspace extraction was carried out at 30 °C for 6 min in the presence of 0.2 g⋅m–1of NaCl in the sample solution. Also, sample volume and sample pH were optimized at 5 ml and 7 (neutral pH), respectively. Desorption of the analytes was carried out at 250 °C for 60 s. The optimized procedure was validated with 3 different pools of spiked urine; it showed good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days and 6 within-day experiments. The study also determined the accuracy, linearity and detection limits of this method.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2008, 14, 4; 395-405
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dinitrotoluene Synthesis Using Solid State Catalysts - MoO3/SiO2 and H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2
Autorzy:
Adamiak, J.
Skupiński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
toluene nitration
dinitrotoluene
solid catalyst
heteropoly acid
Opis:
Dinitrotoluene (DNT) has a lot of applications. It is mainly used in the production of polyurethane forms. Other uses include the explosives industry. It is converted to trinitrotoluene (TNT), or used as an additive in propellants. The main aim of these researches was to obtain DNT in one stage process with solid acid catalyst and nitric acid. The solid catalysts were composed of transition metal oxide (MoO3) and silica gel. One of them was modifed by phosphoric acid (H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2). The addition of phosphoric acid to these catalysts enhances catalytic properties and gives new structures on the surface – mixture of MoO3 and 12-molybdophosphoric acid. The activity of two catalysts in toluene nitration was compared. Higher yields of DNT were obtained in shorter time and with lower excess of HNO3 using modifed catalyst H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2 than using catalyst MoO3/SiO2. The very high yield of DNT (85%) was obtained in the reaction with only tenfold excess of nitric acid with 10 g of H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2. The way of regeneration of the catalyst system H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2 was found and time of storing was examined.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 3; 301-311
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Natural gas hydrate promotion capabilities of toluene sulfonic acid isomers
Autorzy:
Jarrahian, A.
Heidaryan, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
natural gas hydrate
hydrotrope
toluene sulfonic acid
Opis:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural gas hydrate promotion capabilities of the hydrotrope Toluene Sulfonic Acid (TSA) isomers as an additive. The capabilities of TSA isomers were measured with different concentrations. The optimum additive concentration for hydrate formation was determined for the given pressure, temperature, mixing condition, and cooling time. The natural gas hydrate promotability of para-TSA was found to be 20% and 35% more than meta-TSA and ortho-TSA respectively at the optimum concentration. Beyond the optimum TSA concentration, the hydrate formation declined as the ice formation reduced the overall gas-to-water volume ratio in the hydrates.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2014, 16, 1; 97-102
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Toluen
Toluene
Autorzy:
Jakubowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/137571.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
toluen
narażenie przemysłowe
NDS
toluene
occupational exposure
OEL
Opis:
Toluen ma wszechstronne zastosowanie jako surowiec w procesie produkcji gumy, żywic, detergentów, barwników, leków, trinitrotoluenu, kwasu benzoesowego i diizocyanianu toluenu. Toluen jest składnikiem wielu takich produktów rynkowych, jak: farby, szelak, inhibitory korozji, rozcieńczalniki oraz środki czyszczące i sanitarne zawierające rozpuszczalniki organiczne. Narażenie zawodowe na toluen może występować na etapie produkcji, wytwarzania, konfekcjonowania i przechowywania półproduktów i produktów zawierających toluen, jak również ich stosowania, np. w trakcie malowania farbami i lakierami czy oczyszczania powierzchni. Toluen może wchłaniać się do organizmu przez płuca, z przewodu pokarmowego i przez skórę. Retencja par toluenu w płucach u ludzi wynosi około 60 ÷ 80%. Szybkość wchłaniania toluenu przez skórę wynosi w przypadku kontaktu 0,69 mg/cm2/h. Główną drogą przemiany toluenu u ludzi jest utlenianie reszty metylowej do grupy karboksylowej z utworzeniem kwasu benzoesowego, który następnie ulega sprzęganiu z glutationem z utworzeniem kwasu hipurowego. Półokres wydalania kwasu hipurowego z moczem po narażeniu inhalacyjnym wynosi około 3,5 h. Efekty krytyczne działania toluenu obejmują działanie drażniące na oczy, wpływ na reprodukcję, działanie oto toksyczne i neurotoksyczne. Wartość NOAEL dla działania neurotoksycznego toluenu (wykonywanie testów psychometrycznych) ustalono na poziomie około 375 mg/m3. Spontaniczne poronienia występowały u kobiet narażonych zawodowo na toluen o stężeniach rzędu 170 ÷ 550 mg/m3 (średnio 300 mg/m3). Narażenie na toluen powoduje podrażnienie układu oddechowego, oczu i ból głowy. Stężenie 150 mg/m3 toluenu przyjęto za wartość NOAEL dla tego typu skutków działania, a stężenie 375 mg/m3 za wartość LOAEL. Przyjmując za skutek krytyczny działanie drażniące, zaproponowano wartość NDS toluenu równą 100 mg/m3. Pozostawiono również oznakowanie normatywu literami „Sk” (substancja wchłania się przez skórę) i literami „Ft” (substancja działa toksycznie na płód). Ze względu na działanie drażniące związku ustalono wartość NDSCh toluenu równą 200 mg/m3. Oznaczanie stężenia kwasu hipurowego w moczu zastąpiono oznaczaniem stężenia o-krezolu. Wartość DSB (dopuszczalne stężenie w materiale biologicznym) ustalono na poziomie 0,5 mg o-krezolu/g kreatyniny w próbkach moczu pobranych po zakończeniu zmiany roboczej.
Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell. The largest source of toluene release is during the production, transport and use of gasoline, which contains 5 ÷ 7% toluene by weight. Toluene is used in making paints, paint thinners, lacquers and adhesives. Absorption of toluene results mainly from inhalation of its vapor. In human studies retention of toluene in the lungs has been estimated by different authors to be 60 ÷ 80%. Significant amounts may also be absorbed through the skin if there is contact with the liquid form. The rate of absorption through the skin amounts to about 0.69 mg/cm2/h. Following absorption, toluene is rapidly distributed, with the highest levels observed in adipose tissue followed by bone marrow, adrenals, kidneys, liver, brain and blood. A mean toluene half-life of toluene in blood amount to 4.5 h and to 3.8 h in alveolar air. Approximately 20% of the absorbed toluene is excreted unchanged in the expired air. A minute amount is excreted in urine. The reminder is oxidized by transformation of the methyl radical into the carboxyl radical, which is mainly conjugated with glycine to produce hippuric acis. Less than 1% of the dose is hydroxylated to cresols. Hippuric acid is excreted in urine with a biological half-life of 3.5 h. Adverse effects on the nervous system and respiratory tract irritation are the critical effects from inhalation exposure to toluene. Experimental exposure of human volunteers to toluene at about 375 mg/m3 did not produce statistically significant differences in the results of tests measuring psychometric performance and subjective evaluations of well-being when compared to controls (NOAEL). Spontaneous abortions were observed as result of occupational exposure to toluene in concentrations of 170 ÷ 550 mg/m3. Irritation of the nose and throat was reported in printers exposed to 375 mg/m3 of toluene for 6.5 h and in volunteers exposed to the same concentration of toluene for 6 h (LOAEL). The proposed occupational exposure limits OEL-TWA of 100 mg/m3 and OEL-STEL of 200 mg/m3 are based on the LOAEL of 375 mg/m3 for irritative properties of toluene. As toluene is absorbed through the skin and is potentially fetotoxic the “Sk” and “Ft” symbols should denote this compound. A BEI value of 0.5 mg of o-cresol in urine samples collected at the end of the workshift has been proposed.
Źródło:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy; 2007, 3 (53); 131-158
1231-868X
Pojawia się w:
Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cardiotoxic effect due to accidental ingestion of an organic solvent
Autorzy:
Cieślik-Guerra, Urszula I.
Rechciński, Tomasz
Trzos, Ewa
Wierzbowska-Drabik, Karina
Uznańska-Loch, Barbara
Winnicka, Renata
Krakowiak, Anna
Kasprzak, Jarosław D.
Fröhlich, Colin
Kurpesa, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177006.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02-24
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
miocardial infarction
cardiotoxicity
xylene
poisoning
volatile organic compounds
toluene
Opis:
Toxic myocardial injury can be misdiagnosed as a myocardial infarction, resulting in the patient undergoing standard treatment for cardiac rehabilitation. However, such inadequate therapeutic strategies can lead to cardiovascular complications including dilated cardiomyopathy. This study presents a case of a 65-year-old man after accidental ingestion of organic solvents (toluene and xylene), whose condition demonstrated all the criteria for diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The qualitative determinations of the above mentioned volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in whole blood were carried out using a headspace sampling by means of gas chromatography. Cardiac catheterization revealed no specific coronary lesions, only a muscular bridge causing a 30–50% stenosis in the middle of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 1; 174-179
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noble metal modified TiO2 for photocatalytic air purification
Autorzy:
Klein, M.
Grabowska, E.
Zaleska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
photocatalysis
noble modified TiO2
air treatment
toluene
Opis:
TiO2 was surface modified with silver, gold, palladium and platinum ion clusters to improve its photocatalytic activity. The effect of metal content and kind of dopant used during preparation procedure on the photoactivity were investigated. in toluene removal which was used as a model volatile organic compound. Toluene, at the concentration of about 100 ppm, was irradiated over noble metal modified TiO2 using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in four subsequent cycles.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2015, 51, 1; 49-57
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two-step treatment of harmful industrial wastewater: an analysis of microbial reactor with integrated membrane retention for benzene and toluene removal
Autorzy:
Trusek-Holownia, A.
Noworyta, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
bioremoval
benzene
toluene
MBR
mathematical model
membrane separation
Opis:
Standards for highly toxic and carcinogenic pollutants impose strict guidelines, requiring values close to zero, regarding the degradation of such pollutants in industrial streams. In many cases, classic bioremoval processes fail. Therefore, we proposed a stream leaving the microbial membrane bioreactor (MBR) that is directed to an additional membrane separation mode (NF/RO). Under certain conditions, the integrated process not only benefits the environment but may also increase the profitability of the bioreactor operation. An appropriate model was developed and tested in which the bioremoval of benzene and toluene by Pseudomonas fluorescens was used as an example. This paper presents equations for selecting the operation parameters of the integrated system to achieve the expected degree of industrial wastewater purification.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2015, 17, 4; 15-22
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nanocolloidal Ru/MgF2 Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Chloronitrobenzene and Toluene
Autorzy:
Pietrowski, M.
Zieliński, M.
Wojciechowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
ruthenium nanocolloidal catalyst
magnesium fluoride
toluene hydrogenation
reduction of chloronitrobenzene
Opis:
The use of magnesium fluoride support for ruthenium active phase allowed obtaining new catalysts of high activities in the hydrogenation of toluene and ortho-chloronitrobenzene. Ruthenium colloid catalysts (1 wt.% of Ru) were prepared by impregnation of the support with the earlier produced polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized ruthenium colloids. The performances of the colloidal catalysts and those obtained by traditional impregnation were tested in the reactions of toluene hydrogenation to methylcyclohexane and selective hydrogenation of ortho-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB) to ortho-chloroaniline (o-CAN). It was shown that the use of chemical reduction method allows obtaining highly monodisperse ruthenium nanoparticles of 1.6–2.6 nm in size. After reduction in hydrogen at 400oC, the colloidal ruthenium nanoparticles were found to strongly interact with MgF2 surface (SMSI), which decreased the catalyst ability to hydrogen chemisorption, but despite this, the colloid catalysts showed higher activity in o-CNB hydrogenation and higher selectivity to o-CAN than the traditional ones. It is supposed that their higher activity can be a result of high dispersion of Ru in colloid catalysts and the higher selectivity can be a consequence of the lower availability of hydrogen on the surface.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2014, 16, 2; 63-68
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Immunological determinants in a murine model of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma
Autorzy:
Świerczyńska-Machura, Dominika
Walusiak-Skorupa, Jolanta
Nowakowska-Świrta, Ewa
Piasecka-Zelga, Joanna
Świercz, Radosław
Pałczyński, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2180077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-09-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
toluene diisocyanate
occupational asthma
murine model
allergic infl ammation
cytokines
Opis:
Objectives: Diisocyanates (DIC) are highly reactive, low-molecular-weight chemicals which are the leading cause of occupational asthma (OA). The aim of the study was to analyze certain aspects of the pathogenesis of allergic infl ammation in the airways induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in an experimental model in mice. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out on 50 female BALB/cJ/Han/IMP mice, which were exposed by inhalation (intranasal and in the inhalation chamber) to toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI). After the experiment, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from the animals, and the composition of the induced infl ammatory cells, and the concentrations of certain cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α) were evaluated. Results: The total number of cells in BALF of the examined group of mice was signifi cantly higher compared to the control mice. There was also a signifi cant increase in neutrophils and eosinophils in the study group compared to the controls. The number of lymphocytes and macrophages did not differ signifi cantly between the two groups. A statistically signifi cant increase in the level of TNF-α was shown to occur in the group exposed to toluene diisocyanate in comparison to the control group. The concentration of IL-4 increased in the study group, compared to the control one, but the differences did not reach the level of signifi cance, p > 0.05. Such difference was not observed for IL-5. Conclusions: We developed a murine model of TDI-induced asthma which caused the infl ux of infl ammatory cells like eosinophils and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid (BALF) in the TDI-treated mice. The increase of the concentration of some proinfl ammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4) in BALF from the exposed mice was also observed.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2012, 25, 4; 492-498
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of hydrodynamic cavitation on the rheological properties and microstructure of formulated crude oil
Autorzy:
Nurullayev, V. H.
Ismayilov, G. G.
Usubaliyev, B. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178247.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Cavitation
asphaltene
crude oil
high-paraffinic
oil transport
toluene
Opis:
The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical activation of viscous oil, which confirmed the effectiveness of cavitation on their rheological properties. The major making source of raw materials of oil branch stocks heavy and bituminous crude oils are. Improvement of technologies transportations it is, caused by their high resource potential. Capacity and economic efficiency of the oil pipeline depends on properties of the pumped-over oil. The main obstacle for ensuring necessary speed is viscosity. Recently the steady tendency to magnification of bulks of haul, oil and oil products was out lined. Thus, for problem solution on magnification of bulk of an oil pumping and oil products, developments new or optimization of applied technologies of haul of crude oil and crude oil products taking into account their rheological behavior and operating characteristics of pipelines are indispensable. With that, end in view the big practical and theoretical interest is, represented by working out of new methods of struggle against formation of paraffin adjournment. Considering problem urgency, from our party experiences on influence studying cavitation on formation asphaltene - pitch - paraffin adjournment on an internal surface of the pipeline have, been spent. The possibility of an intensification of process of influence of chemical reagent by cavitation for decrease in viscosity of oil is established. Results of pilot studies on complex influence of chemical reagents and cavitation on viscosity crude oil with various structural and group structure are received. As have shown experiments, as a result cavitation in oil there are irreversible changes of viscosity, pressure of sated steams, shares: paraffin, asphaltene and pitch hydrocarbons.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 91; 44-58
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Degradation of toluene using UV/hydrogen peroxide process
Autorzy:
Cai, Shaokang
Sun, Yue
Gao, Canzhu
Li, Pengfei
Cheng, Zhongfa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032937.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
AOP
toluene
hydrogen peroxide
spectrofotometer
toluen
nadtlenek wodoru
spektrofotometria
Opis:
Toluene in wastewater is volatile and difficult to degrade, and the longer it stays in the water, the higher is the risk. An advanced oxidation process (AOPs) has been used to degrade toluene rapidly and efficiently in wastewater by using ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide. Toluene in solution (initial concentration – 180 mg/dm3) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 dose – 2022 mg/dm3) was almost decomposed within 150 min. pH as well as the presence of various ions in waste water did not affect the degradation process. However, under strongly acidic conditions (pH less than 3), the chloride ions reduced the degradation efficiency of toluene. Based on the UV spectrophotometer and GC-MS analyses, the degradation pathways were observed: first, the methyl group was oxidized leading to the generation of benzoic acid, the benzene ring was subsequently opened by the action of hydroxyl radical, followed by the gradual decomposition of the intermediate products into small molecules such as water and carbon dioxide.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2021, 47, 1; 5-15
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 32

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