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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Numerical simulations of temperature and velocity fields in the storage tank with the three-coil heat exchanger
    Autorzy:
    Smusz, Robert
    Wilk, Joanna
    Bałon, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176025.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    stratification device
    numerical calculations
    temperature stratification
    coil heat exchanger
    Opis:
    This article presents the results of the numerical investigation of the thermal stratification in the hot water storage tank. The exchanger consists of three tube coils that are immersed in the storage tank of hot water. Two coils—lower and upper—are designed to warm the water in the tank using the water as a heating medium. Another coil—uses the refrigerant for the waste heat transfer. The temperature stratification device is mounted in the thermal storage tank. The device’s task is to improve the thermal stratification level of heated water. The performed numerical simulations allowed us to obtain the temperature and velocity fields in the storage tank under the conditions of the work of coils filled with water. Calculations were made in the case of the use of the stratification device under the operating conditions of the 10.2478/amst-2019-0015upper and lower coils with water.
    Źródło:
    Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology; 2020, 44, 3; 74-79
    0137-4478
    Pojawia się w:
    Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of thermal stratified storage tank
    Autorzy:
    Smusz, R.
    Kielan, P.
    Mazur, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/140948.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    temperature stratification
    thermal energy
    heat recovery
    convection
    Opis:
    The basic aim of the task is to compile a temperature stratification system in an accumulation tank. The range of the thesis concerns the shape and dimensions of a stratification system for an accumulation tank. Thermal stratification is a process that comprises the maintaining of temperature stratification at different levels of an accumulation tank which reduce to a minimum the process of temperature equalization. It results from the fact that the thermal stratification in a tank significantly increases the installation efficiency and improves the process of energy storing. It is connected with a thermodynamic element quality, that is the higher the temperature, the higher the energy, and, thus, the thermosdynamic element quality. In this phenomenon, thanks to the same amount of accumulated thermal energy and average temperature, as in a fully mixed tank, the user has a higher temperature in the upper part of the tank at his disposal. It has significant importance in the case when there is a low-temperature heating medium that transfers heat to the accumulation tank. Such a situation occurs when heat is absorbed from synthetic freons used in cooling and air-conditioning systems.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2017, 66, 3; 631-642
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Initial investigations of coil heat exchanger utilizing waste heat from air conditioning system
    Badania wstępne wężownicowego wymiennika ciepła wykorzystującego ciepło odpadowe z systemu klimatyzacji
    Autorzy:
    Wilk, J.
    Smusz, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/195199.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    tube coil heat exchanger
    thermal-flow characteristics
    temperature stratification
    wężownicowy wymiennik ciepła
    charakterystyki cieplno-przepływowe
    stratyfikacja temperatury
    Opis:
    In this paper the selected results of testing of tube coil heat exchanger have been presented. The investigated heat exchanger is designed to preheating domestic warm water with the use of waste heat from air conditioning system. The tested device consists of finned tube coil heat exchanger immersed in the thermal storage tank. The tank is equipped with three heating coils and the cylindrical-shaped temperature stratification system. Two coils use water as a heating medium. The third, double-wall heat exchanger coil is filled with the refrigerant from the air conditioning system. The industrial stand enables the experimental investigations of thermal and flow characteristics of the exchanger. In the paper the authors present the technological scheme of the test stand, specification of components of the stand, research possibilities and the exemplary results of characteristic temperature and pressure measurements.
    W pracy przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań wężownicowego wymiennika ciepła. Testowane urządzenie jest przeznaczone do podgrzania ciepłej wody użytkowej przy użyciu ciepła odpadowego pochodzącego z systemu klimatyzacji. Badane urządzenie stanowi wymiennik ciepła złożony z użebrowanych wężownic zanurzonych w zbiorniku termicznym. Zbiornik jest wyposażony w trzy wężownice grzejne oraz cylindryczny układ stratyfikacji temperatury. Czynnikiem roboczym w dwóch wężownicach jest woda. Trzeci dwuścienny wężownicowy wymiennik ciepła jest zasilany czynnikiem chłodniczym z układu klimatyzacji. Stanowisko przemysłowe umożliwia przeprowadzenie badań eksperymentalnych charakterystyk cieplno-przepływowych wymiennika. W pracy autorzy przedstawili schemat technologiczny stanowiska badawczego wraz z wykazem i charakterystyką jego poszczególnych elementów. Podano również możliwości badawcze oraz przytoczono przykładowe wyniki pomiarów temperatur i ciśnień charakterystycznych.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika; 2017, z. 89 [295], 1; 131-138
    0209-2689
    2300-5211
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Relationships between water temperature, nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the Northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
    Autorzy:
    Manasrah, R.
    Raheed, M.
    Badran, M.I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49092.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    stratification
    nutrient
    Aqaba Gulf
    temperature
    sea water
    Red Sea
    oxygen
    Opis:
    Five years (1998, 2000–2003) of summer records of temperature, nutrients and dissolved oxygen concentrations in the upper 400 m of the water column of the northern Gulf of Aqaba were employed to produce a simple statistical model of the relationship between temperature versus nitrate, phosphate, silicate andd issolved oxygen concentrations. Temperature profiles in the upper 400 m during summer revealeda clear thermocline in the upper 200 m. This was reflected in nutrient ando xygen concentrations as nitrate, phosphate, and silicate increasedfr om the surface to deep water while dissolved oxygen decreased. The best fit relationship between temperature versus nitrate andphosphate was inverse linear and the best fit correlation between temperature versus silicate andd issolvedo xygen was fractional. The observedn utrient concentrations were shaped by a combination of the hydrodynamics and biological factors. Deep winter mixing and high nutrient concentrations dominate during winter. Shortly after the water stratifies in spring, the nutrients are drawn down by phytoplankton during the spring bloom and remain low throughout the rest of the year. The regression equations presented here will be useful in estimating nutrient concentrations from temperature records as long as the annual natural cycle is the main driver of nutrient concentrations and external inputs are insignificant. Deviations from these relationships in the future could provide insight into modifications in the nutrient concentrations probably resulting from new nutrient sources, such as anthropogenic inputs.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the buoyant sub-surface salinity maxima in the Gulf of Riga
    Autorzy:
    Liblik, T.
    Skudra, M.
    Lips, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48990.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    thermohaline structure
    Riga Gulf
    water column
    temperature
    salinity
    stratification
    water exchange
    intrusion
    Opis:
    Thermohaline structure in the Gulf of Riga (GoR) was investigated by a multiplatform measurement campaign in summer 2015. Stratification of the water column was mainly controlled by the temperature while salinity had only a minor contribution. Buoyant salinity maxima with variable strength were observed in the intermediate layer of the Gulf of Riga. The salinity maxima were likely formed by a simultaneous upwelling—downwelling event at the two opposite sides of the Irbe strait. The inflowing salty water did not reach the deeper (> 35 m) parts of the gulf and, therefore, the near-bottom layer of the gulf remained isolated throughout the summer. Thus, the lateral water exchange regime in the near bottom layer of the Gulf of Riga is more complicated than it was thought previously. We suggest that the occurrence of this type of water exchange resulting in a buoyant inflow and lack of lateral transport into the near-bottom layers might contribute to the rapid seasonal oxygen decline in the Gulf of Riga
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Suursaar, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078916.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    upwelling
    winter
    nearshore region
    Finland Gulf
    Baltic Sea
    stratification
    vertical flux
    water temperature
    Opis:
    Traditionally, upwelling-related studies in the Baltic Sea have been limited to the period from May to September. Based on wintertime in situ measurements at two nearshore locations in the Gulf of Finland, clear evidence of winter “warm” upwelling events was detected and analysed. The process was very common. At a 10 m deep location, upwelling caused water temperature (T) to switch from 0—1 to 4—5°C and salinity (S) to switch from 4.5 to 6 PSU; at 20 m depth it caused a switch in T between 1 and 2—4°C and in S between 5.5 and 6.8 PSU. Differently from summer upwelling, T and S variations were positively correlated to each other. Salinity variations remained roughly the same throughout the winter, whereas T differences were higher in winter onset, then decreased to ca. 1°C, and increased again after the process reversed to summer-type upwelling in April—May. Based on analysis of SatBaltyk (January to March) sea surface temperature and salinity product imagery, winter upwelling occurrence along the North Estonian coast was 21—28% over 2010—2021, and slightly less along the Finnish coast. Regarding S variations, winter upwelling occurred with roughly similar frequencies and impacts in the northern and southern parts of the gulf. However, the impacts on T and sea ice conditions were highly asymmetrical. Upwelling kept the Estonian coast ice-free longer and water temperatures slightly higher than at the Finnish coast. Winter upwelling as a phenomenon has long been ignored and therefore probably underestimated.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2021, 63, 3; 359-369
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of temperature conditions and dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Pilwa Bay (Lake Dobskie)
    Analiza warunków termiczno-tlenowych wód w Zatoce Pilwa (Jezioro Dobskie)
    Autorzy:
    Rafałowska, M.
    Sobczyńska-Wójcik, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953645.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    temperature profile
    oxygen profile
    thermal stratification
    bay
    profile termiczno-tlenowe
    stratyfikacja termiczna
    zatoka
    Opis:
    This study was carried out in the Pilwa Bay of Lake Dobskie located in the mesoregion known as the Land of Great Masurian Lakes, Gizycko district. Temperature and oxygen conditions in the western, central and eastern (connected to Lake Dobskie) parts of the Pilwa Bay were studied by analyzing the vertical distribution of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations in the winter and summer seasons of three consecutive years (2005–2007). Measurements were performed using the WTW OxiTop OC 100 system with automatic temperature compensation. During winter stagnation, the highest dissolved oxygen content was noted in the top water layer under ice cover, and oxygen concentrations varied widely between years. An analysis of temperature and oxygen profiles revealed an insignificant temperature difference of approximately 1–2 oC between the surface and bottom layers of water, which indicates that the studied bay was not characterized by a summer stratification pattern typical of deep water bodies.
    Badaniami objęto zatokę Pilwa jeziora Dobskiego położonego na obszarze mezoregionu Krainy Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich, w powiecie giżyckim. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono warunki termiczno-tlenowe wód zatoki. Podczas trzyletnich prac badawczych (2005–2007) w okresie zimy i lata wykonano w zatoce (w części zachodniej, środkowej i wschodniej połączonej z głównym akwenem jeziora Dobskiego) pomiary rozkładu pionowego temperatury i tlenu rozpuszczonego. Pomiarów dokonano za pomocą sondy tlenowej z automatyczną kompensacją temperatury (WTW OXI Top OC 100). 1272 Małgorzata Rafałowska and Katarzyna Sobczyńska-Wójcik W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że w czasie stagnacji zimowej największa zawartość tlenu rozpuszczonego znajdowała się w górnej warstwie pod powierzchnią lodu, a przebieg zmienności stężenia tlenu był bardzo zróżnicowany w poszczególnych latach. Z analizy profilu termiczno-tlenowego wynika, że istnieje niewielka różnica temperatur między powierzchnią lustra wody a dnem i wynosi ona około 1–2 oC, w związku z czym, nie można mówić o typowej stratyfikacji letniej, jaka występuje w akwenach głębokich.
    Źródło:
    Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2013, 20, 11; 1265-1273
    1898-6188
    2084-4530
    Pojawia się w:
    Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamic features of successive upwelling events in the Baltic Sea - a numerical case study
    Autorzy:
    Myrberg, K.
    Andrejev, O.
    Lehmann, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48404.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic Sea
    Hel Peninsula
    numerical modelling
    coastal upwelling
    thermal stratification
    sea surface temperature
    water column
    Polish coast
    Opis:
    Coastal upwelling often reveals itself during the thermal stratification season as an abrupt sea surface temperature (SST) drop. Its intensity depends not only on the magnitude of an upwelling-favourable wind impulse but also on the temperature stratification of the water column during the initial stage of the event. When a ‘chain’ of upwelling events is taking place, one event may play a part in forming the initial stratification for the next one; consequently, SST may drop significantly even with a reduced wind impulse. Two upwelling events were simulated on the Polish coast in August 1996 using a three-dimensional, baroclinic prognostic model. The model results proved to be in good agreement with in situ observations and satellite data. Comparison of the simulated upwelling events show that the first one required a wind impulse of 28 000 kg m−1 s−1 to reach its mature, full form, whereas an impulse of only 7500 kg m−1 s−1 was sufficient to bring about a significant drop in SST at the end of the second event. In practical applications like operational modelling, the initial stratification conditions prior to an upwelling event should be described with care in order to be able to simulate the coming event with very good accuracy.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2010, 52, 1; 77-99
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics and inter-annual changes in temperature, salinity and density distribution in the Gulf of Riga
    Autorzy:
    Skudra, M.
    Lips, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48540.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Riga Gulf
    interannual variability
    long-term change
    temperature
    salinity
    density
    Baltic Sea
    vertical stratification
    internal Rossby radius
    Opis:
    Available CTD profiles from the Gulf of Riga (May—August, 1993—2012) were analyzed to study inter-annual and long-term changes in temperature, salinity and density in relation to river runoff and atmospheric forcing (e.g. Baltic Sea Index). To describe temporal changes in vertical stratification, the upper mixed layer (UML) and deep layer (DL) parameters were estimated. On average the UML depth increases from 8.7 m in May to 9.0, 11.5 and 13.7 m in June, July and August, respectively, and the UML temperature increases from 8.08C to 12.5, 18.7 and 18.68C (May, June, July and August) while the UML salinity increases from 4.90 g kg1 to 5.14, 5.28 and 5.38 g kg1, respectively. High correlation (r = 0.82) was found between the inter-annual changes in river runoff (spring) and mean salinity in the UML in August as well as between DL mean salinity (r = 0.88) and density (r = 0.84) in the Irbe Strait and DL mean salinity and density in the Gulf of Riga. Inter-annual changes in the UML depth as well as in DL salinity and density had a significant correlation with the changes in Baltic Sea Index. The strongest stratification (August) can be observed in the years with the highest UML temperature and the highest river run-off in spring. We suggest that the predicted increase in water temperature and changes in river run-off due to the climate change would result in faster development of the seasonal thermocline in spring and stronger vertical stratification in summer.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effects of temperature on the dormancy and germination of Cirsium arvense [L.] Scop. seeds
    Autorzy:
    Bochenek, A
    Golaszewski, J.
    Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A.I.
    Gorecki, R.J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57089.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    weed
    stratification
    weed seed
    seed
    seed dormancy
    life cycle
    dormancy
    temperature effect
    afterripening
    Cirsium arvense
    germination
    perennial species
    Opis:
    The ecophysiological regulation of seed dormancy in perennial species and those with a varied life cycle has not been studied in detail yet. That is why an attempt has been made to determine the Cirsium arvense seed water relations during stratification and afterripening at different temperatures and germination at constant or fluctuating temperatures on the basis of the hydrotime model. The obtained results showed that breaking of the primary dormancy of achenes took place only during the first stratification month at moderate temperatures, mainly due to an increase in the average water-stress tolerance in a seed population. The induction of secondary seed dormancy during after-ripening at all temperatures resulted mostly from a substantial loss of the seeds' ability to tolerate water stress. Fluctuating temperatures affected neither seed germination nor the hydrotime model parameters. The analysis of the variations of hydrotime model parameters allows a better understanding of the physiological basis of seed dormancy relief and induction.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2009, 78, 2; 105-114
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of density stratification on effluent plume dynamics
    Autorzy:
    Loncar, G.
    Paklar, G.B.
    Janekovic, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47653.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    3D numerical model
    Croatia
    density stratification
    numerical model
    numerical simulation
    Rijeka Bay
    salinity
    sea temperature
    statistical analysis
    submarine outfall
    submarine sewage
    Opis:
    In this study we modelled sea temperature (T ), salinity (S) and density field dynamics using a 3D numerical model applied to Rijeka Bay (Croatia) in order to explore their effect on effluent plume dynamics in the vicinity of four submarine sewage outfalls when the bora wind (NE direction) is blowing. The vertical density stratification in the area studied is strongly related to the bora wind, which contributes significantly to the lowering of the pycnocline depth through enhanced mixing in the vertical, giving rise to changes in the neutral buoyancy level. The features of near-field plume dynamics were calculated with the use of a separate near-field numerical model, using information on the vertical density distribution previously calculated using a 3D numerical model. The results of the numerical simulations and statistical analysis of the wind data indicate a very low probability of complete water column homogenization and consequent effluent plume rise to the sea surface under the influence of the bora wind during the peak tourist season (May–September).
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stratyfikacja warunków higrotermicznych nad ekosystemem trawiastym w terenie otwartym i na granicy lasu
    Stratification of thermo-hygrometric conditions of a grassy ecosystem in the open area and on the edge of a forest
    Autorzy:
    Panfil, M.
    Lesny, J.
    Alberski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/35966.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    laki
    badania srodowiskowe
    temperatura powietrza
    stratyfikacja
    warunki termiczne
    warunki wilgotnosciowe
    mikroklimat
    uzytki zielone
    meadow
    environment research
    air temperature
    stratification
    thermal condition
    moisture condition
    microclimate
    grassland
    Opis:
    Praca jest analizą mikroklimatu obszaru łąkowego, w obrębie Stacji Dydaktyczno-Badawczej w Bałdach, zlokalizowanej na Pojezierzu Olsztyńskim. Badania zrealizowano w oparciu o zasoby użytków zielonych stacji, przeznaczane przede wszystkim na wypas bydła w okresie od pierwszej dekady maja do końca października. W celu sprawdzenia wskaźników termicznych i wilgotnościowych wykonano obserwacje temperatury powietrza i wilgotności względnej na 6-ciu wysokościach: 0,05 m; 0,5 m; 1,0 m; 1,5 m; 2,0 m; 3,0 m; 4,0 m w dwóch wybranych punktach. Zostały one zlokalizowane nad ekosystemem trawiastym w terenie otwartym i na granicy z lasem. Dane o temperaturze powie-trza były zapisywane z częstotliwością 5-cio minutową w dwóch seriach pomiarowych: wiosną i jesienią, każdorazowo przez pięć dni. W wyniku pomiarów otrzymano unikalne rozkłady dobowe i godzinowe na poszczególnych wysokościach, które świadczą o znacznym zróżnicowaniu mikroklimatycznym poszczególnych punktów.
    The work is the analysis of the microclimatic conditions over the grassland ecosystem within the Teaching and Research Station in Bałdy, located in the Olsztyn Lake District. The study was carried out based on the resources of grassland station, devoted primarily to cattle grazing in the period from the first decade of May to end of October. In order to verify the thermal and moisture indicators, observations were made of air temperature and relative humidity for six heights: 0.05 m; 0.5 m; 1.0 m; 1.5 m; 2.0 m; 3.0 m; 4.0 m at the two selected points. They were located above the grassland ecosystem in the open area and at the border of the forest. Data on air temperature were recorded at a frequency of 5-minute measurements in two series : spring and autumn, each time for five days. As a result of the measurements, unique schedule of daily and hourly values at various altitudes were obtained. They show that the microclimates of the individual points are clearly differentiated.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2014, 21, 2
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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