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Tytuł:
The homunculus brain and categorical logic
Autorzy:
Awodey, Steve
Heller, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-29
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
categorical logic
syntax-semantics
mind-brain
Opis:
The interaction between syntax (formal language) and its semantics (meanings of language) is one which has been well studied in categorical logic. The results of this particular study are employed to understand how the brain is able to create meanings. To emphasize the toy character of the proposed model, we prefer to speak of the homunculus brain rather than the brain per se. The homunculus brain consists of neurons, each of which is modeled by a category, and axons between neurons, which are modeled by functors between the corresponding neuron-categories. Each neuron (category) has its own program enabling its working, i.e. a theory of this neuron. In analogy to what is known from categorical logic, we postulate the existence of a pair of adjoint functors, called Lang and Syn, from a category, now called BRAIN, of categories, to a category, now called MIND, of theories. Our homunculus is a kind of “mathematical robot”, the neuronal architecture of which is not important. Its only aim is to provide us with the opportunity to study how such a simple brain-like structure could “create meanings” and perform abstraction operations out of its purely syntactic program. The pair of adjoint functors Lang and Syn model the mutual dependencies between the syntactical structure of a given theory of MIND and the internal logic of its semantics given by a category of BRAIN. In this way, a formal language (syntax) and its meanings (semantics) are interwoven with each other in a manner corresponding to the adjointness of the functors Lang and Syn. Higher cognitive functions of abstraction and realization of concepts are also modelled by a corresponding pair of adjoint functors. The categories BRAIN and MIND interact with each other with their entire structures and, at the same time, these very structures are shaped by this interaction.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2020, 69; 253-280
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
I-Semantics: Foundational Questions
Autorzy:
da Silva, Adriano Marques
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/561356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
Tematy:
syntax – semantics interface
generativism
philosophy of linguistics
Opis:
What is the scope of a semantic theory consistent with the theoretical assumptions adopted by the generative program? In this paper I will show that the linguistic theory generically known as generative grammar is an extremely coherent Scientific Research Program and within this descriptive framework it’s possible to characterize the main features of an I-semantics. First, will be presented the hardcore of the generative program, its heuristics and Chomsky’s criticism towards formal semantics. Second, I will compare two approaches: the denotational approach by Larson and Segal and the intensional approach by Paul Pietroski. I argue in favor of Pietroski’s approach, because it is more coherent with the core assumptions of the generative program. The main argument is that syntax, in the context of the generative program is explanatory and, in this very context, semantics is not. Therefore, in order to account for the explanatory role of syntax in the generative program it is necessary to review certain foundational assumptions commonly accepted in formal semantics.
Źródło:
Studia Semiotyczne; 2017, 31, 2; 77-112
0137-6608
Pojawia się w:
Studia Semiotyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Partikeln sensu stricto als Komponenten von Phraseologismen
Autorzy:
Poźlewicz, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/700208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Germanistów Polskich
Tematy:
phraseology, focus-sensitive particles, modal particles, syntax, semantics
Opis:
The paper deals with the group of German idioms that contain in their structure focus-sensitive particles (Operatorpartikeln) or modal particles (Abtönungspartikeln) as their compulsory component. The aim is to investigate their syntactic and semantic properties. The analysed particles are zu, nur, auch, wohl, doch and ja. The idioms are selected from the dictionaries Das große Lexikon der sprichwörtlichen Redensarten by Lutz Röhrich (1991) and Wörterbuch der deutschen Idiomatik by Günther Drosdowski und Werner Scholze-Stubenrecht (1998).
Źródło:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten; 2013, 2, 1
2353-656X
2353-4893
Pojawia się w:
Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A syntax-semantics interface for Tree-Adjoining Grammars through Abstract Categorial Grammars
Autorzy:
Pogodalla, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
TAGs
Tree-Adjoining Grammars
syntax-semantics interface
ACGs
Abstract Categorial Grammars
Opis:
We present a model of the syntax-semantics interface for Tree-Adjoining Grammars (TAGs). It is based on the encoding of TAGs within the framework of Abstract Categorial Grammars (ACGs). This encoding relies on a functional interpretation of the substitution and adjunction operations of TAGs. In ACGs, the abstract terms representing derivation trees are full-fledged objects of the grammar. These terms are mapped onto logical formulas representing the semantic interpretation of natural language expressions that TAGs can analyze. Because of the reversibility properties of ACGs, this provides a way to parse and generate with the same TAG-encoded grammar. We propose several analyses, including for long-distance dependencies, quantification, control and raising verbs, and subordinate clauses. We also show how this encoding easily extends to other phenomena such as idioms or scope ambiguities. All the lexical data for theses modellings are provided and can be run with the ACG toolkit, a software package dedicated to the development of ACGs that can use these grammars both for parsing and generation.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2017, 5, 3; 527-605
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Syntax-driven semantic frame composition in Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars
Autorzy:
Kallmeyer, L.
Osswald, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
lexicalized tree adjoining grammars
syntax-semantics interface
decompositional frame semantics
elementary constructions
metagrammar
feature structures
dative alternation
directed motion expressions
Opis:
The grammar framework presented in this paper combines Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) with a (de)compositional frame semantics. We introduce elementary constructions as pairs of elementary LTAG trees and decompositional frames. The linking between syntax and semantics can largely be captured by such construction since in LTAG, elementary trees represent full argument projections. Substitution and adjunction in the syntax then trigger the unification of the associated semantic frames, which are formally defined as base-labelled feature structures. Moreover, the system of elementary constructions is specified in a metagrammar by means of tree and frame descriptions. This metagrammatical factorization gives rise to a fine-grained decomposition of the semantic contributions of syntactic building blocks, and it allows us to separate lexical from constructional contributions and to carve out generalizations across constructions. In the second half of the paper, we apply the framework to the analysis of directed motion expressions and of the dative alternation in English, two well known examples of the interaction between lexical and constructional meaning.
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2013, 1, 2; 267-330
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La fragmentation actancielle: vers une analyse « interfacielle » des infinitives de perception directe
An Alternative Analysis of Syntactic Infinitives of Direct Perception Conducted with the Aid of the Concept of Fragmentation
Autorzy:
Marsac, Fabrice
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
infinitive constructions governed by a verb of perception
the concept of fragmentation
syntax-semantics interface
linguistics and computer science
Opis:
This study proposes an alternative analysis of syntactic infinitives of direct perception: the current approach, spanning various fields of linguistics, attempts to articulate the morphosyntactic characteristics of these structures with their different logical, semantic, cognitive, lexical and grammatical properties. The perspective adopted for this purpose is based on a well known computer process: (de) fragmentation.
Źródło:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia; 2012, 39, 4; 85-97
0137-2475
2084-4158
Pojawia się w:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie składniowe i semantyczne czasownikowych wykładników fałszu
Syntactic and Semantic Differences between Polish Falsehood Verbs
Autorzy:
Zaucha, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
falsehood verbs
semantics
syntax
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to indicate the most general types of Polish falsehood verbs. The presented typology is based on their syntactic and semantic features. Depending on what kind of an argument a verb takes, the propositional or the nominal one, and if it co-occurs with the phrease w milczeniu or milcząc (keeping silence) or not, we obtain four types of falsehood verbs. We can distinguish VFL+sent. verbs, which take a proposition as an argument and refer to the activity which cannot be performed in agent's silence, like bajać, że, bajdurzyć, że, bredzić, że, bujać, że, chrzanić, że, kręcić, że. Some of them assert the speaker's knowledge of what is said, while others implicate the speaker's ignorance of the propositional content. There is also a group of VFS+sent. verbs, which take a proposition as an argument and can be left without an actual utterance, like blefować, żę, fantazjować, że, nabrać kogoś, że, symulować, że, upozorować, że. They include verbs which tell us about bad intentions of the agent. Verbs of the next type, i.e. VFL-sent., do not take a propositional argument and do not allow silent performance, these include: koloryzować coś, minąć się z prawdą, ołgać kogoś, pleść trzy po trzy, przeinaczyć coś, wyssać z palca. They differ depending on what kind of object the agent is dealing with. In the last type, we classify VFS-sent. verbs, which do not take a propositional argument and the activities they denote can be done without an actual utterance, for example: kantować kogoś, manipulować kimś, podrobić coś, przywłaszczyć sobie, sfabrykować coś, sfałszować coś. Some of them presuppose negative evaluation of the agent while others do not.
Źródło:
Linguistica Copernicana; 2015, 12; 107-122
2080-1068
2391-7768
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High-level methodologies for grammar engineering. Introduction to the special issue
Autorzy:
Duchier, D.
Parmentier, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN
Tematy:
grammar engineering
formal language
syntax
semantics
Opis:
Grammar engineering is the task of designing and implementing linguistically motivated electronic descriptions of natural language (socalled grammars). These grammars are expressed within well-defined theoretical frameworks, and offer a fine-grained description of natural language. While grammars were first used to describe syntax, that is to say, the relations between constituents in a sentence, they often go beyond syntax and include semantic information. Grammar engineering provides precise descriptions which can be used for natural language understanding and generation, making these valuable resources for various natural language applications, including textual entailment, dialogue systems, or machine translation. The first attempts at designing large-scale resource grammars were costly because of the complexity of the task (Erbach 1990) and of the number of persons that were needed (see e.g. Doran et al. 1997). Advances in the field have led to the development of environments for semi-automatic grammar engineering, borrowing ideas from compilation (grammar engineering is compared with software development) and machine learning. This special issue reports on new trends in the field, where grammar engineering benefits from elaborate high-level methodologies and techniques, dealing with various issues (both theoretical and practical).
Źródło:
Journal of Language Modelling; 2015, 3, 1; 5-19
2299-856X
2299-8470
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Language Modelling
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social Media and Changes in the Language of Polish and Korean Youth
Autorzy:
Juszczyk, Stanisław
Yongdeog, Kim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
social media
language of Polish and Korean youth
semantics and syntax of language of the youth
virtual cultural institutions
Opis:
Currently, quick and profound changes occur in the sphere of language. The reasons for this are frequent and longterm interactions of the contemporary teenagers with social media, such as: Facebook, My Space, Flickr, online computer games and virtual realities, such as Club Penguin, Second Life and the Sims; websites collecting videos and pictures, such as YouTube; blogs (e.g. blogger, microblogger, Twitter), as well as the use of mobile telephony and smartphones, namely mobile phones and pocket computers, including iPod touch – a multifunctional computer with access to the Internet or iPhone – being a combination of a mobile phone with an entertainment platform and online messenger, as well as email. The aforementioned media offer teenagers a place to meet and quickly communicate with each other, and this phenomenon is growing exponentially. Social media encourage to experiment with language in order for everyday language to better reflect reality. This results, to a great extent, in depletion of language of the youth, simplification and introduction of new codes. This article is an attempt to describe this “new” language of Polish and Korean youth, as well as answer the following questions: Do the analyzed changes threaten the Polish and Korean language identity and orthography? Have English phrases become a permanent code of communication between teenagers in the two countries?
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2015, 4 (110); 50-65
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza semantyczno-składniowa wybranych jednostek z segmentem wystarczy
The semantic-syntactic analysis of the chosen lexical units with the word wystarczy
Autorzy:
Linsztet, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
wystarczy
lexical unit
semantics
syntax
verb
Opis:
The paper presents the results of the analysis of the following lexical units with the word wystarczy: cośa wystarczyło, żeby p; cośa wsytarczyło do tego, żeby p; cośa wystarczyło komuśn do czegośb; wystarczyło, że q, a p. On the basis of the analysis of their valency and the conducted tests, the author states that all these lexical items imply that an event/a state of affairs caused another event/state of affairs and that someone, basing on their knowledge about the world, could think that this would not have happened. Further research has proven that two of those lexical units - cośa wystarczyło komuśn do czegośb, and cośa wystarczyło do tego, żeby p - imply, moreover, that an event/a state of affairs, caused by another event/state of affaits, was somehow desired. It has also turned out that the speaker using cośa wystarczyło komuśn do czegośb or wystarczyło, że q, a p, informs that the resultant event/state of affairs occurred right after the causative event/state of affairs.
Źródło:
Linguistica Copernicana; 2016, 13; 173-199
2080-1068
2391-7768
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Morpho-syntactic study of determinant constructs activated by the Italian variable demonstrative pronoun 'quello'
Autorzy:
Szantyka, Izabela Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/605742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
demonstratives
morpho-syntax
determination
pragma-semantics
Opis:
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
The aim of the present paper is to review, describe and analyze determinant constructs, activated by the Italian variable demonstrative pronoun quello. The main corpus of the study consists on the discrimination and description of the morpho-syntactic peculiarities of the constructions in question, which can be identified with three structural types of determination (adjectival, prepositional and relative), in the interior of which atypical and more complex cases may be observed and give scope for uncertainty as to the typological classification. Further to this, the article offers a summary explanation and illustration of the difference between determinant and appositive sequences, as well as a concise description of the specific features of the determinant demonstrative and its sequences, relating to its referential, semantic, pragmatic and textual potential.
Том не содержит аннотаций на английском языке.
Źródło:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature; 2017, 41, 2
0137-4699
Pojawia się w:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O gramatyce w słowniku. Badania korpusowe w leksykografii dwujęzycznej
Autorzy:
Taborek, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504786.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
lexicography
dictionary
verb
semantics
grammar
syntax
Opis:
The main objective of this article is to show the influence of the corpus studies on the lexicographic accuracy. The research focuses on the Polish and German verbs which grammatical subject may be expressed by a sentence, phrase or infinitival construction. The analysis uses three verbs taken from the two languages, which represent three semantic groups: verbs representing the emotional state, occurrence verbs and evaluative verbs. The lexicographic description of the already mentioned above verbs that can be seen in both monolingual and bilingual dictionaries is taken here under investigation. What is more, the author tries to indicate that the lexicographic approach to the corpus analysis of the so called lexical grammar may also appear to be very helpful. The fact that lexicography should base on text corpora in order to provide a more detailed and precise lexicographic description can be supported by the presented in the article analysis of the verbs taken from Polish-English dictionary. The Polish-English dictionary published by the Polish Scientific Publishers PWN uses the language corpus and, therefore, shows the examples of the subject realization in the sentences. This provides the user of the dictionary with the accurate lexicographic interpretation and the context of the verb in which it appears.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2012, 1; 129-137
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Русские verba sentiendi в модели экспликативного синтаксиса
Autorzy:
Kiklewicz, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
semantics
verba sentiendi
semantic syntax
explicative syntax
valence
distributional pattern
modern Russian
Źródło:
Slavia Orientalis; 2018, LXVII, 1; 89-115
0037-6744
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Orientalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Walencja rosyjskich "verba sentiendi" w świetle składni eksplikacyjnej
Autorzy:
Kiklewicz, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/678722.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
semantics
verba sentiendi
semantic syntax
explicative syntax
valency
valency scheme
Russian language
Opis:
Valency of Russian verba sentiendi in the light of explicative syntaxThe subject of this article are syntactic (distributional) properties of Russian sentimental verbs (denoting emotions, moods, affects, passions etc.) in a synchronistic view. 319 units of modern Russian language are studied using a theoretical model of explicative syntax, i.e., representation of the propositional structure at the level of grammaticalization of certain argument positions (defined in terms of grammatical classes). The author distinguishes some distributional patterns noted in the source material (explicative schemes), describing them with reference to the meaning of the lexical class as well as to their frequency (functionality). Walencja rosyjskich verba sentiendi w świetle składni eksplikacyjnejPrzedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są składniowe (dystrybucyjne) właściwości rosyjskich verba sentiendi (nazw uczuć, emocji, afektów, nastrojów i in.) w ujęciu synchronicznym. Przy zastosowaniu teoretycznego modelu składni eksplikacyjnej zbadano 319 jednostek współczesnego języka rosyjskiego. Autor przedstawia wyodrębnione w materiale źródłowym wzorce/modele dystrybucyjne (schematy eksplikacyjne) i opisuje je z uwzględnieniem znaczenia klasy leksykalnej, jak również ze względu na ich częstość reprezentacji (funkcjonalność).
Źródło:
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej; 2018, 53
2392-2435
0081-7090
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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