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Tytuł:
A Symmetric Approach in the Three-Dimensional Digital Waveguide Modeling of the Vocal Tract
Autorzy:
Mushtaq, Tahir
Kamran, Ahmad
Qureshi, Muhammad Zubair Akbar
Iqbal, Zafar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31339832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
symmetric
digital waveguide
vocal tract
delay lines
rectilinear uniform grid
Opis:
Simulation of wave propagation in the three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the vocal tract has shown significant promise for enhancing the accuracy of speech production. Recent 3D waveguide models of the vocal tract have been designed for better accuracy but require a lot of computational tasks. A high computational cost in these models leads to novel work in reducing the computational cost while retaining accuracy and performance. In the current work, we divide the geometry of the vocal tract into four equal symmetric parts with the introduction of two axial perpendicular planes, and the simulation is performed on only one part. A novel strategy is defined to implement symmetric conditions in the mesh. The complete standard 3D digital waveguide model is assumed as a benchmark model. The proposed model is compared with the benchmark model in terms of formant frequencies and efficiency. For the demonstration, the vowels /ɔ/, /i/, /ɛ/, /ɑ/, and /u/ have been selected for the simulations. According to the results, the benchmark and current models are nearly identical in terms of frequency profiles and formant frequencies. Still the current model is three times more effective than the benchmark model.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2023, 48, 3; 317-324
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of Wear Resistance in Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline Iron
Autorzy:
Liu, Zhiming
Zhang, Qiang
Liu, Fangying
Zhang, Hezhe
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
molecular dynamics
polycrystalline
centro symmetric analysis
abrasive wear
Opis:
In the present research, we used molecular dynamics simulation to determine the effect of cutting parameters on micro-grain boundary structures and Burgers vector distribution in single crystal iron and polycrystalline iron materials. The result showed that the destruction of the lattice in polycrystalline iron caused by the cutting tool was restricted to the contact surface area. In addition, in the precision machining process, a higher refining grain was observed on the iron surface. During the cutting process of single crystal iron, large-scale slip occurred along the <111> crystal direction on the {110} crystal plane. And the slip presented an annular shape.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 1; 15--20
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lightweight compression with encryption based on asymmetric numeral systems
Autorzy:
Duda, Jarosław
Niemiec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201015.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
symmetric cryptography
lightweight cryptography
data compression
entropy coding
kryptografia symetryczna
kryptografia lekka
kompresja danych
kodowanie entropijne
Opis:
Data compression combined with effective encryption is a common requirement of data storage and transmission. Low cost of these operations is often a high priority in order to increase transmission speed and reduce power usage. This requirement is crucial for battery-powered devices with limited resources, such as autonomous remote sensors or implants. Well-known and popular encryption techniques are frequently too expensive. This problem is on the increase as machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things are becoming a reality. Therefore, there is growing demand for finding trade-offs between security, cost and performance in lightweight cryptography. This article discusses asymmetric numeral systems-an innovative approach to entropy coding which can be used for compression with encryption. It provides a compression ratio comparable with arithmetic coding at a similar speed as Huffman coding; hence, this coding is starting to replace them in new compressors. Additionally, by perturbing its coding tables, the asymmetric numeral system makes it possible to simultaneously encrypt the encoded message at nearly no additional cost. The article introduces this approach and analyzes its security level. The basic application is reducing the number of rounds of some cipher used on ANS-compressed data, or completely removing an additional encryption layer when reaching a satisfactory protection level.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2023, 33, 1; 45--55
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical simulation of fundamental elastic wave modes coupling in composite plates
Autorzy:
Barski, Marek
Stawiarski, Adam
Chwał, Małgorzata
Augustyn, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
shear horizontal wave mode
symmetric wave mode
dispersion curves
finite element method
fala SH
fala symetryczna
krzywa dyspersji
metoda elementów skończonych
Opis:
In the case of the piezoelectric actuators of the cube-shaped installed symmetrically and perfectly bonded on both external surfaces of the plate-like structures, the symmetric and shear horizontal elastic wave modes are excited at the same time. The current work concerns the numerical simulation of the coupling of the above-mentioned elastic wave modes in a composite plate of angle ply configuration. In the first step, the dispersion curves for all studied composite configurations are estimated. Next, for the arbitrary chosen fixed frequency of the excitation, finite element simulations are performed. As a result of these simulations, the group velocities of the observed elastic modes are estimated. Next, the appropriate wave modes are identified by the comparison of the group velocities obtained from the analysis of the dispersion curves and from the simulations. In the cases for which the identification is possible, a good agreement between analytical and simulation results is observed.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2023, 34, 1; art. no. 2023120
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spherical fuzzy power partitioned Maclaurin Symmetric Mean Operators and their application in Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making
Autorzy:
Zhang, Huiyuan
Cai, Qiang
Wei, Guiwu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27312003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
spherical fuzzy sets
partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean operator
power average operator
multiple attribute group decision making
Opis:
Spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) provide more free space for decision makers (DMs) to express preference information from four aspects: approval, objection, abstention and refusal. The partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean (PMSM) operator is an effective information fusion tool, which can fully capture the interrelationships among any multiple attributes in the same block whereas attributes in different block are unrelated. Therefore, in this paper, we first extend PMSM operator to spherical fuzzy environment and develop spherical fuzzy PMSM (SFPMSM) operator as well as spherical fuzzy weighted PMSM (SFWPMSM) operator. Meanwhile, we discuss some properties and special cases of these two operators. To diminish the impact of extreme evaluation values on decision-making results, then we integrate power average (PA) operator and PMSM operator to further develop spherical fuzzy power PMSM (SFPPMSM) operator and spherical fuzzy weighted power PMSM (SFWPPMSM) operator and also investigate their desirable properties. Subsequently, a new multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) method is established based on SFWPPMSM operator under spherical fuzzy environment. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate the proposed method, and comparative analysis with the existing methods to further testy the validity and superiority of the proposed method.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2023, 33, 1; 179--238
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hybrid cryptography with a one-time stamp to secure contact tracing for COVID-19 infection
Autorzy:
El-Douh, Ahmed Abdel-Rahim
Lu, Song Feng
Elkouny, Abdelatif A.
Amein, A.S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055157.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
hybrid cryptography
digital signature
RSA
AES
asymmetric cryptography
symmetric cryptography
cybersecurity
COVID-19
kryptografia hybrydowa
podpis elektroniczny
kryptografia asymetryczna
kryptografia symetryczna
cyberbezpieczeństwo
Opis:
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the lives of millions of citizens worldwide in the manner they live and work to the so-called new norm in social standards. In addition to the extraordinary effects on society, the pandemic created a range of unique circumstances associated with cybercrime that also affected society and business. The anxiety due to the pandemic increased the probability of successful cyberattacks and as well as number and range. For public health officials and communities, location tracking is an essential component in the their efforts to combat the disease. The governments provide a lot of mobile apps to help health officials to trace the infected persons and contact them to aid and follow up on the health status, which requires an exchange of data in different forms. This paper presents the one-time stamp model as a new cryptography technique to secure different contact forms and protect the privacy of the infected person. The one-time stamp hybrid model consists of a combination of symmetric, asymmetric, and hashing cryptography in an entirely new way that is different from conventional and similar existing algorithms. Several experiments have been carried out to analyze and examine the proposed technique. Also, a comparison study has been made between our proposed technique and other state-of-the-art alternatives. Results show that the proposed one-time stamp model provides a high level of security for the encryption of sensitive data relative to other similar techniques with no extra computational cost besides faster processing time.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2022, 32, 1; 139--146
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of Vehicular S-LSTM NOMA Over Time Selective Nakagami-m Fading with Imperfect CSI
Autorzy:
Shankar, Ravi
Chaudhary, Bhanu Pratap
Mishra, Ritesh Kumar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174454.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
inter-symbol interference
MIMO
NOMA
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
OFDM
S-LSTM
zero-mean circularly symmetric complex Gaussian
ZM-CSCG
Opis:
In this paper, the performance of a deep learningbased multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is investigated for 5G radio communication networks. We consider independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Nakagami-m fading links to prove that when using MIMO with the NOMA system, the outage probability (OP) and end-to-end symbol error rate (SER) improve, even in the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) errors. Furthermore, the stacked long short-term memory (S-LSTM) algorithm is employed to improve the system’s performance, even under time-selective channel conditions and in the presence of terminal’s mobility. For vehicular NOMA networks, OP, SER, and ergodic sum rate have been formulated. Simulations show that an S-LSTM-based DL-NOMA receiver outperforms least square (LS) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers. Furthermore, it has been discovered that the performance of the end-to-end system degrades with the growing amount of node mobility, or if CSI knowledge remains poor. Simulated curves are in close agreement with the analytical results.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2022, 4; 47--59
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multi-attribute decision-making based on q-rung dual hesitant power dual Maclaurin symmetric mean operator and a new ranking method
Autorzy:
Li, Li
Wang, Jun
Ji, Chunliang
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy sets
power geometric
dual Maclaurin symmetric mean
power dual Maclaurin symmetric mean
multi-attribute decision-making
Opis:
The ability of q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy sets (q-RDHFSs) in dealing with decision makers’ fuzzy evaluation information has received much attention. This main aim of this paper is to propose new aggregation operators of q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy elements and employ them in multi-attribute decision making (MADM). In order to do this, we first propose the power dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (PDMSM) operator by integrating the power geometric (PG) operator and the dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (DMSM). The PG operator can reduce or eliminate the negative influence of decision makers’ extreme evaluation values, making the final decision results more reasonable. The DMSM captures the interrelationship among multiple attributes. The PDMSM takes the advantages of both PG and DMSM and hence it is suitable and powerful to fuse decision information. Further, we extend the PDMSM operator to q-RDHFSs and propose q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy PDMSM operator and its weighted form. Properties of these operators are investigated. Afterwards, a new MADM method under q-RDHFSs is proposed on the basis on the new operators. Finally, the effectiveness of the new method is testified through numerical examples.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2022, 32, 3; 627--658
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimality conditions for preinvex functions using symmetric derivative
Autorzy:
Rastogi, Sachin
Iqbal, Akhlad
Rajan, Sanjeev
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204082.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
invex set
preinvex function
symmetric derivative
Fritz John optimality conditions
Opis:
As a generalization of convex functions and derivatives, in this paper, the authors study the concept of a symmetric derivative for preinvex functions. Using symmetrical differentiation, they discuss an important characterization for preinvex functions and define symmetrically pseudo-invex and symmetrically quasi-invex functions. They also generalize the first derivative theorem for symmetrically differentiable functions and establish some relationships between symmetrically pseudo-invex and symmetrically quasi-invex functions. They also discuss the Fritz John type optimality conditions for preinvex, symmetrically pseudo-invex and symmetrically quasi-invex functions using symmetrical differentiability.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2022, 32, 4; 91--101
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of medical service quality based on a novel multi-criteria decision-making method with unknown weighted information
Autorzy:
Zhao, Butian
Zhang, Runtong
Xing, Yuping
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845522.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
interval-valued q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy set
Maclaurin symmetric mean
operator
multi-criteria decision-making
aggregation operators
Opis:
In modern society, people concern more about the evaluation of medical service quality. Evaluation of medical service quality is helpful for medical service providers to supervise and improve their service quality. Also, it will help the public to understand the situation of different medical providers. As a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, evaluation of medical service quality can be effectively solved by aggregation operators in interval-valued q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy (IVq-RDHF) environment. Thus, this paper proposes interval-valued q-rung dual hesitant Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVq-RDHFMSM) operator and interval-valued q-rung dual hesitant weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVq-RDHFWMSM) operator. Based on the proposed IVq-RDHFWMSM operator, this paper builds a novel approach to solve the evaluation problem of medical service quality including a criteria framework for the evaluation of medical service quality and a novel MCDM method. What’s more, aiming at eliminating the discordance between decision information and weight vector of criteria determined by decisionmakers (DMs), this paper proposes the concept of cross-entropy and knowledge measure in IVq-RDHF environment to extract weight vector from DMs’ decision information. Finally, this paper presents a numerical example of the evaluation of medical service for hospitals to illustrate the availability of the novel method and compares our method with other MCDM methods to demonstrate the superiority of our method. According to the comparison result, our method has more advantages than other methods.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2021, 31, 3; 645-685
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of medical service quality based on a novel multi-criteria decision-making method with unknown weighted information
Autorzy:
Zhao, Butian
Zhang, Runtong
Xing, Yuping
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
interval-valued q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy set
Maclaurin symmetric mean operator
multi-criteria decision-making
aggregation operators
Opis:
In modern society, people concern more about the evaluation of medical service quality. Evaluation of medical service quality is helpful for medical service providers to supervise and improve their service quality. Also, it will help the public to understand the situation of different medical providers. As a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, evaluation of medical service quality can be effectively solved by aggregation operators in interval-valued q-rung dual hesitant fuzzy (IVq-RDHF) environment. Thus, this paper proposes interval-valued q-rung dual hesitant Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVq-RDHFMSM) operator and interval-valued q-rung dual hesitant weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVq-RDHFWMSM) operator. Based on the proposed IVq-RDHFWMSM operator, this paper builds a novel approach to solve the evaluation problem of medical service quality including a criteria framework for the evaluation of medical service quality and a novel MCDM method. What’s more, aiming at eliminating the discordance between decision information and weight vector of criteria determined by decisionmakers (DMs), this paper proposes the concept of cross-entropy and knowledge measure in IVq-RDHF environment to extract weight vector from DMs’ decision information. Finally, this paper presents a numerical example of the evaluation of medical service for hospitals to illustrate the availability of the novel method and compares our method with other MCDM methods to demonstrate the superiority of our method. According to the comparison result, our method has more advantages than other methods.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2021, 31, 3; 645-685
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Slowly vibrating axially symmetric bodies-transverse flow
Autorzy:
Srivastava, D. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
płyn newtonowski
przepływ osiowy
metoda Stokesa
Stokes drag
axially symmetric bodies
Newtonian fluid
axial flow
Opis:
Stokes drag on axially symmetric bodies vibrating slowly along the axis of symmetry placed under a uniform transverse flow of the Newtonian fluid is calculated. The axially symmetric bodies of revolution are considered with the condition of continuously turning tangent. The results of drag on sphere, spheroid, deformed sphere, egg-shaped body, cycloidal body, Cassini oval, and hypocycloidal body are found to be new. The numerical values of frictional drag on a slowly vibrating needle shaped body and flat circular disk are calculated as particular cases of deformed sphere.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2021, 26, 1; 226-250
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zwierzęta i ich archeologia, czyli nie(tylko)ludzka przeszłość w muzeum
Animals and their archaeology, or (non-)human past in the museum
Autorzy:
Stobiecka, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1944293.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-30
Wydawca:
Narodowe Centrum Kultury
Tematy:
muzeum archeologiczne
teoria archeologii
archeologia zwierząt
archeologia symetryczna
archeologia wielogatunkowa
archaeological museum
theory of archaeology
animal archaeology
symmetric archaeology
multispecies archaeology
Opis:
Archaeological exhibitions from the last decade reveal a shift in the paradigm of thinking about the past. The role of humans in the narrative about prehistoric times has been decentralised in order to: (1) acknowledge and appreciate the part played by animals; and (2) make visitors more sensitive to the human vs. non-human being-in-the-world. By promoting symmetrical relationships between animals and humans, new archaeological exhibitions correspond to the most recent trends in the theory of archaeology: symmetrical archaeology, relational archaeology, and archaeological animal studies. Through implementing the demands of the current theoretical trends, the exhibitions are in line with the anthropocenic turn in museums displays and the humanities. Two examples of engaged critical archaeological museum studies are discussed: Neues Museum in Berlin and Lascaux IV – Center International de l’Art Pariétal. By joining the discussion on relations between humans and non-humans, biodiversity and past environments, they prompt a reflection on contemporary human attitude to nature and the current condition of the Earth.
Źródło:
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka; 2021, 113, 1; 88-100
1230-4808
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Block ciphers on the basis of reversible cellular automata
Szyfry blokowe na podstawie odwracalnych automatów komórkowych
Autorzy:
Tanasyuk, Yuliya
Burdeinyi, Petro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/408746.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
block cipher
symmetric encryption algorithm
reversible cellular automata
szyfr bloku
algorytm szyfrowania symetrycznego
odwracalny automat komórkowy
Opis:
The given paper is devoted to the software development of block cipher based on reversible one-dimensional cellular automata and the study of their statistical properties. The software implementation of the proposed encryption algorithm is performed in C# programming language in Visual Studio 2017. The paper presents specially designed approach for key generation. To ensure a desired cryptographic stability, the shared secret parameters can be adjusted in order to contain information needed for creating substitution tables, defining reversible rules, and hiding the final data. For the first time, it is suggested to create substitution tables based on iterations of a cellular automaton that is initialized by the key data.
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest rozwojowi oprogramowania szyfrów blokowych opartychna odwracalnych jednowymiarowych automatach komórkowych oraz badaniu ich właściwości statystycznych. Zastosowanie oprogramowania w proponowanym algorytmie kodowania wykonywane jest w języku programowania C# w Visual Studio 2017. Artykuł przedstawia specjalnie zaprojektowane podejście do generowania klucza. Aby zapewnić pożądaną stabilność kryptograficzną, dostosowane mogą zostać wspólne tajne parametry w taki sposób,aby zawierały informacje wymagane dla stworzenia tabel substytucyjnych, określające zasadyodwracalne oraz ukrywające dane końcowe. Po raz pierwszy, proponowane jest tworzenie tabeli substytucyjnych w oparciu o iterację automatów komórkowych,które zostają zainicjowane poprzez dane klucza.
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2020, 10, 1; 8-11
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of spintronic devices for application in random access memory
Modelowanie urządzeń spintronicznych do zastosowania w pamięci o dostępie swobodnym RAM
Autorzy:
Politanskyi, Ruslan
Vistak, Maria
Veryga, Andriy
Ruda, Tetyana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/408022.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
STT-MRAM
spin-polarized current
binary symmetric channel
prąd spolaryzowany spinowo
symetryczny kanał binarny
Opis:
The article analyzes the physical processes that occur in spin-valve structures during recording process which occurs in high-speed magnetic memory devices.Considered are devices using magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer through transmitting magnetic moment bypolarized spin (STT-MRAM).Basic equations are derived to model the information recording process in the model of symmetric binary channel.Because the error probability arises from the magnetization process, a model of the magnetization process is formed, which is derived from the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations under the assumption of a single-domain magnet. The choice of a single-domain model is due to the nanometer size of the flat magnetic layer. The developed method of modeling the recording process determines the dependence of such characteristics as the bit error probability and the rate of recording on two important technological characteristics of the recording process: the value of the current and its duration. The endresult and the aim of the simulation is to determine the optimal values of the current and its duration at which the speed of the recording process is the highest for a given level of error probability. The numerical values of the transmission rate and error probability were obtained for a wide range of current values (10–1500 μA) and recording time of one bit (1–70 ns),and generally correctly describe the process of information transmission. The calculated data were compared with the technical characteristics of existing industrial devices and devices which are the object of the scientific research.The resulting model can be used to simulate devices using different values of recording currents: STT-MRAM series chips using low current values (500-100 μA), devices in the stage of technological design and using medium current values (100–500 μA) and devices that are the object of experimental scientific research and use high currents (500–1000 μA).The model can also be applied to simulate devices with different data rates, which have different requirements for both transmission speed and bit error probability. In this way, the model can be applied to both high-speed memory devices in computer systems and signal sensors, which are connected to sensor networks or connected to the IoT.
W tym artykule analizowane są procesy fizyczne zachodzące w strukturach zaworów spinowych podczas procesu rejestrowania informacji, który występuje w urządzeniach z szybką pamięcią magnetyczną. Obiektem badańsą urządzenia wykorzystujące magnetyzację warstwy ferromagnetycznej poprzez przenoszenie momentu magnetycznego za pomocą spolaryzowanegospinu(STT-MRAM).Wyprowadzono podstawowe równania potrzebne do modelowania procesu rejestrowania informacji w modelu symetrycznego kanału binarnego.W związku z tym, żeprawdopodobieństwobłędu wynika z procesu magnesowania,stworzonyjest model procesu magnesowania, który został wyprowadzonyz równań Landaua-Lifshitza-Hilberta przy założeniu magnesu jednodomenowego.Wybór modelu jednodomenowego wynika z nanometrycznej wielkości płaskiej warstwy magnetycznej. Opracowana metoda modelowania procesu rejestrowaniainformacjiokreśla zależność wskaźników, takich jakprawdopodobieństwo błędnegobitu i szybkość transmisji informacji, od dwóch ważnych właściwości procesu rejestrowania: natężenia prądu i czasu jego trwania. Końcowym rezultatem i zarazem celem symulacji jest określenie optymalnych wartości natężenia prądu i czasutrwania rejestracji informacji, przy których prędkość procesu zapisu będzie najwyższa dla danego stopnia prawdopodobieństwa błędu. Uzyskano wartości liczbowe dla szybkości transmisji i prawdopodobieństwa błędu dla szerokiego zakresu natężenia prądu (10–1500 μA) i czasu rejestracji jednego bitu (1–70 ns), które ogólnie poprawnie opisują proces transmisji informacji. Wyniki obliczeń zostały porównane ze specyfikacją techniczną istniejących urządzeń przemysłowych i urządzeń będących obiektami badań naukowych.Powstały model można wykorzystać do symulacji urządzeń wykorzystujących różne wartości natężenia prądu: układy szeregowe STT-MRAM wykorzystujące niskie natężenie prądu (500–100 μA), urządzenia na etapie projektowania technologicznego, które wykorzystują średnie natężenie prądu (100–500 μA) oraz urządzenia będące obiektami eksperymentalnych badań naukowych, które wykorzystują wysokie natężenie prądu (500–1000 μA). Model można również zastosować w symulacjachurządzeń o różnych szybkościach transmisji danych, które mają różne wymagania dotyczące zarówno szybkości transmisji, jak i prawdopodobieństwa błędu w jednym bicie informacji.W ten sposób model ten można wykorzystać zarówno w urządzeniach z szybką pamięcią w systemach komputerowych, jak i w czujnikach sygnałów, które są podłączone do sieci czujników lub podłączone do Internetu rzeczy.
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2020, 10, 1; 62-65
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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