Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "steel welding" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 135
Tytuł:
Badanie narażenia spawaczy na cząstki zawarte w dymach spawalniczych
lnvestigation of welders exposure to partides present in welding fumes
Autorzy:
Jankowska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/181323.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
spawacz
dym spawalniczy
spawanie
spawanie stali
welder
welding fume
welding
steel welding
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania stężeń i rozkładów wymiarowych cząstek emitowanych do środowiska pracy podczas spawania stali kwasoodpornej elektrodami o symbolu OK 61.30/308L-17. Badania wykonane metodą filtracyjno-wagową (próbniki typu PCIS) oraz metodami optycznymi (AERO-TRAK, GRIMM, DUST-TRAK) wykazały, że podczas całego dnia pracy spawacz może być narażony na zmienne ilości cząstek z reguły o wymiarach poniżej 10 µ m, przy czym dymy spawalnicze zwykle zawierają znaczne ilości cząstek ultradrobnych i drobnych o wymiarach poniżej 1 µm.
This article presents the results of an investigation of concentrations and size distribution of partides emitted into the work environment during welding of acid-resistant steel with OK 61.30/308L17 electrodes. lnvestigations carried out with gravimetric (PCIS samplers) and with optical (AERO-TRAK, GRIMM, DUST-TRAK) methods have shown that during the whole work day a welder can become exposed to various amounts of partides usually with a diameter under 10 μm however, welding fumes contain considerable amounts of ultrafine and fine partides with a diameter under 1 μm.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2011, 9; 7-9
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Advantages of new micro-jet welding technology on weld microstructure control
Zalety nowej technologii spawania mikrojetowego dotyczące kontroli mikrostruktury spoiny
Autorzy:
Piwnik, M.
Węgrzyn, T.
Wieszała, R.
Hadryś, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
micro-jet cooling
MIG welding
steel welding structure
chłodzenie mikro-jet
spawanie MIG
struktura spawania stali
Opis:
An innovative apparatus to welding process with micro-jet cooling of the weld made it possible to carry out technological tests, which have proved theoretical considerations about this problem. This project gives real opportunities for professional development in the field of welding with controlling the parameters of weld structure. These tests have proved that the new micro-jet technology has the potential for growth. It may be great achievement of welding technology in order to increase weld metal strength. The new technology with micro-jet cooling may have many practical applications in many fields, for example such as in the transport industry or to repair damaged metal elements. The advantages of the new device over the traditional system are the ability to control the structure of the weld, the weld mechanical performance increases and improve the quality of welded joints
W artykule przedstawiono innowacyjną technologię spawania z wykorzystaniem chłodzenia mikrojetowego dla połączeń spawanych konstrukcji samochodowych. Przedstawiono rozważania teoretyczne i kierunki rozwoju oraz wyniki przeprowadzonych prób technologicznych. Wykazano, że ta innowacyjna technologia jako pierwsza na świecie daje realne możliwości kontrolowania parametrów struktury spoiny w trakcie realizacji procesu spawalniczego. W przyszłości będzie możliwe uzyskanie określonej struktury spoiny bez dodatkowej obróbki, co znacznie skróci czas przygotowania wyrobów, a także poprawi jakość spoiny np. przez wzrost wytrzymałości. Nowa technologia mikrojetowa może mieć dużo praktycznych zastosowań w wielu dziedzinach, takich jak przemysł transportowy, lub może być wykorzystana do naprawy uszkodzonych elementów metalowych w tym wałów maszynowych. Zaletami nowego urządzenia w porównaniu z systemem tradycyjnym są możliwość sterowania strukturą spoiny, polepszenie parametrów mechanicznych spoiny i poprawa jakości złącz spawanych. ves real opportunities for professional development in the field of welding with controlling the parameters of weld structure. These tests have proved that the new micro-jet technology has the potential for growth. It may be great achievement of welding technology in order to increase weld metal strength. The new technology with micro-jet cooling may have many practical applications in many fields, for example such as in the transport industry or to repair damaged metal elements. The advantages of the new device over the traditional system are the ability to control the structure of the weld, the weld mechanical performance increases and improve the quality of welded joints.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2013, 8, 2; 47-54
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza jakości spawania laserowego różnoimiennych stali odpornych na korozję
Quality analysis of laser welding of dissimilar stainless steels
Autorzy:
Mazurkiewicz, A.
Maciejewski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/316220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
analiza jakości
struktura metalograficzna
spawanie stali
wykres Scheafflera
metallographic structure
quality analysis
Scheaffler diagram
steel welding
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono powiązanie charakteru mikrostruktury różnoimiennych złączy spawanych laserowo z podstawowymi właściwościami mechanicznymi. Do badań zastosowano stal austenityczną 1.4301 oraz ferrytyczną 1.4509 w postaci blachy o grubości 1,2 mm. W badaniach właściwości mechanicznych określono rozkład mikrotwardości w obrębie złącza, oraz wytrzymałość na rozciąganie wykonanych próbek. Przedstawiono podstawowe problemy, które mogą wystąpić podczas spawania, związane ze zmianami struktury metalograficznej w obszarze materiału rodzimego – SWC- spoiny. Przedstawiono wstępną ocenę struktury połączeń spawanych w oparciu o skład chemiczny łączonych stali i wykres Scheafflera.
The article presents the connection between the microstructure character of dissimilar laser welded joints and basic mechanical properties. Austenitic steel 1.4301 and ferritic 1.4509 were used for the tests in the form of 1.2 mm thick sheet. Microhardness distribution in the joint and tensile strength of the samples produced were determined. The article shows basic problems that may occur during welding, related to changes in the metallographic structure in the area of the parent material - SWC-weld. An initial assessment of welded joints structure was made, based on the chemical composition of the combined steel and the Scheaffler diagram.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2017, 18, 12; 1131-1137, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plasticity properties of advanced high-strength steel weld construction of transport means - simulation by the MESH-free method
Autorzy:
Szczucka-Lasota, Bożena
Uściłowska, Anita
Węgrzyn, Tomasz
Łazarz, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203909.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
civil engineering and transport
AHSS steel welding
bending test
metallographic structure
mechanical resistance
method of fundamental solutions
inżynieria lądowa i transport
spawanie stali AHSS
próba zginania
struktura metalograficzna
odporność mechaniczna
metoda rozwiązań podstawowych
Opis:
Advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) is being used increasingly often in the structure of means of transport. Welds made of these steels can crack in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and have inferior mechanical properties compared to the base material. The goal of this paper was to solve the technological and material problem of obtaining highstrengh thin-walled welded structures of AHSS steel designed for heavily loaded elements of transport means. The novelty of the article is its presentation of a modified welding process which enables a high-strength structure of the obtained joint to be obtained without welding defects and incompatibilities. Copper backing was selected as an effective method of heat dissipation in the process, and, using the basic solutions method, the leverage of a heat flow process in the weld method deposit (WMD) was checked after cooling down the substrate. The fundamental solutions method was used to determine the optimal shape of the backing. It has been shown that the new backing affects the structure and mechanical properties of welds. In order to verify the newly developed method, tensile tests of the obtained joint were carried out, the hardness was assessed, the metallographic structure was analyzed, and non-destructive tests were performed. The developed material and technological solution were used, for example, for the construction of the arm element of the mobile platform.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2022, 17, 3; 39--50
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the applicability of high strength steel of YS = 1300 MPa in the marine industry
Autorzy:
Czechowski, M.
Mniecznikowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
high strength steel
martensitic steel
welding
Opis:
The paper shows the results of non-destructive and destructive tests carried out on high strength martensitic steel – Weldox 1300. It is used for the construction of crane lorries, mining equipment and submarines. During testing a test joint of the following dimensions was used: length – 600 mm, width – 300 mm, and thickness – 9.5 mm. Welding was executed using flux-cored wire Union x90. The results obtained in the following tests were analysed: nondestructive tests, tensile and bend test, impact test, hardness test, and macrotexture test. Non-destructive testing: visual, magnetic particle and ultrasonic inspections showed no irregularities. The material met the acceptance requirements. The results of the tensile test of the examined steel amounted to 1047 MPa on average. The samples were broken in the weld. During root bend and tensile test the specimen was bent up to the 180° angle during which no welding discontinuities were observed. During face bend and tensile test, the sample was bent to the angle of approx. 40°– visible cracks. Rupture of the sample in the weld and cracks created when bending are due to the reduced flow stress of the additional material against the tested steel. Energy of the impact test for specimens notched in the weld was 37.9 [J], and for specimens notched in the heat affected zone was 41.5 [J]. The average hardness of the specimen was determined at the level of 317 HV. Macroscopic testing did not show any delamination or welding discontinuations. In addition, strength tests of the base material were carried out. The results were compared with the product certificate provided by the steel manufacturer. The paper presents the results of tests, which can be used during factory production control of high strength steel.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 79-84
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Combined Influence of Molybdenum and Nickel in Steel Welds
Autorzy:
Szczucka-Lasota, B.
Węgrzyn, T.
Kurc-Lisiecka, A.
Piwnik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
welding
steel
ferrite
impact toughness
Opis:
Weld metal deposit (WMD) was carried out for standard MMA welding process. This welding method is still promising mainly due to the high amount of AF (acicular ferrite) and low amount of MAC (self-tempered martensite, retained austenite, carbide) phases in WMD. That structure corresponds with good impact toughness of welds at low temperature. Separate effect of these elements on the mechanical properties of welds is well known, but the combined effect of these alloy additions has not been analyzed so far. It was decided to check the total influence of nickel with a content between 1% to 3% and molybdenum with content from 0.1% up to 0.5%.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1087-1091
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technology of Welding Joints Mixed with Duplex Steel
Autorzy:
Słania, J.
Krawczyk, R.
Masłoń, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
welding
duplex steel
mixed joints
Opis:
Results of the examinations of sample plates of mixed joints with the duplex steel were discussed. Examinations were taken on the sample plates of mixed joints of sheet plates type P355NL1 and X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 welded by the flux-cored wire DW-329A by the Kobelco company of the following category T 22 9 3 NL RC/M3 in the gas shroud M21 (Ar+18%CO2) (plate no.1), and nickel covered electrodes E Ni 6082 by the Böhler company (plate no. 2). Results of the side bend test of welded joint, transverse tensile test, stretching of the weld metal, impact strength, micro and macroscopic metallographic examinations, and measurements of the delta ferrite content were presented.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 159-168
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical Simulation of Duplex Steel Multipass Welding
Autorzy:
Giętka, T.
Ciechacki, K.
Kik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351268.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
FEM
welding strains
SYSWELD
welding stresses
GMA
duplex steel
Opis:
Analyses based on FEM calculations have significantly changed the possibilities of determining welding strains and stresses at early stages of product design and welding technology development. Such an approach to design enables obtaining significant savings in production preparation and post-weld deformation corrections and is also important for utility properties of welded joints obtained. As a result, it is possible to make changes to a simulated process before introducing them into real production as well as to test various variants of a given solution. Numerical simulations require the combination of problems of thermal, mechanical and metallurgical analysis. The study presented involved the SYSWELD software-based analysis of GMA welded multipass butt joints made of duplex steel sheets. The analysis of the distribution of stresses and displacements were carried out for typical welding procedure as during real welding tests.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 1975-1984
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fatigue Characteristics of Laser Welded DC06EK and DP600MC Steel Sheets
Autorzy:
Mihaliková, M.
Lišková, A.
Hagarová, M.
Cervová, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
automotive steel
laser welding
fatigue
microhardness
Opis:
Welding of different types of steel is fundamental proces for the production of car bodies. Fatigue degradation is still a significant factor in long-term use. Current trends welding and combinations of different types of steel are used. The specific form of the course of fatigue in the welded joints is followed. Test samples loaded fatigue tests, microscopic and scanning electron microscopy analysis of welded joints of steel type IF (DC06EK) and DP (DP600MC) are done. The resulting values of endurance tests are graphically processed by the Wöhler curve.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 131, 5; 1347-1350
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Heat Input During Disk Laser Bead-On-Plate Welding of Thermomechanically Rolled Steel on Penetration Characteristics and Porosity Formation in the Weld Metal
Autorzy:
Lisiecki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/958220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
disk laser
welding
thermomechanically rolled steel
Opis:
The paper presents a detailed analysis of the influence of heat input during laser bead-on-plate welding of 5.0 mm thick plates of S700MC steel by modern Disk laser on the mechanism of steel penetration, shape and depth of penetration, and also on tendency to weld porosity formation. Based on the investigations performed in a wide range of laser welding parameters the relationship between laser power and welding speed, thus heat input, required for full penetration was determined. Additionally the relationship between the laser welding parameters and weld quality was determined.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 93-102
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low Alloy Steel Structures After Welding with Micro-Jet Cooling
Autorzy:
Węgrzyn, T.
Piwnik, J.
Hadryś, D.
Wszołek, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
welding
micro-jet
impact toughness
steel
Opis:
The paper focuses on low alloy steel after innovate welding method with micro-jet cooling. Weld metal deposit (WMD) was carried out for welding and for MIG and MAG welding with micro-jet cooling. This method is very promising mainly due to the high amount of AF (acicular ferrite) and low amount of MAC (self-tempered martensite, retained austenite, carbide) phases in WMD. That structure corresponds with very good mechanical properties, ie. high impact toughness of welds at low temperature. Micro-jet cooling after welding can find serious application in automotive industry very soon. Until that moment only argon, helium and nitrogen were tested as micro-jet gases. In that paper first time various gas mixtures (gas mixtures Ar-CO2) were tested for micro-jet cooling after welding.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 115-118
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel
Autorzy:
Tomków, Jacek
Świerczyńska, Aleksandra
Landowski, Michał
Wolski, Adrian
Rogalski, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
MMA welding
high-strength steel
underwater wet welding
covered electrode
Opis:
The participation of high strength steels in marine and offshore structures is increasing, which makes it necessary to develop recommendations for underwater repair welding works. The article presents the results of bead-on-plate welded specimens made of S700MC high strength steel in underwater wet welding conditions by covered electrodes. Three specimens with heat input values in the range 0.91-1.05 kJ/mm were made. The specimens were subjected to visual, metallographic, macro- and microscopic tests as well as hardness measurements using the Vickers method. It was found that the higher heat input leads to formation of mixed bainite-martensite microstructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Lower heat input value results in presence of martensite in HAZ. It was shown that in the scope of the performed tests, the maximum hardness of HAZ did not exceed the critical value for the material group, and the increase in heat input caused the decrease of hardness by about 25 HV10.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2021, 15, 3; 288-296
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructural Aspects of Twin-Spot Laser Welding of Dp-Hsla Steel Sheet Joints
Autorzy:
Stano, S.
Grajcar, A.
Wilk, Z.
Różański, M.
Matter, P.
Morawiec, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352264.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
DP steel
HSLA steel
weldability
overlap joint
twin-spot welding
Opis:
The article presents the possibility of using twin-spot laser welding (i.e. laser welding with focusing a laser beam on two spots) for making overlap joints made of 0.8-1 mm thick HSLA and DP type high strength steel sheets. Joints were made using a Yb:YAG disc laser having a maximum power of 12 kW and a welding head by means of which it was possible to focus a laser beam on two spots, 0.6 mm and 1 mm away. The angle between focuses amounted to 0° or 90°, whereas the power distribution was 50%-50%. With settings as presented above it was possible to obtain high-quality overlap joints. The geometrical parameters of the joints were primarily affected by beams positions (in relation to each other) and, to a lesser degree, by the distance between the focuses. It was possible to obtain a 10% hardness reduction in the fusion zone of the DPHSLA steel joints if the angle between the beams amounted to 90°. The tests also involved microstructural examinations of individual zones of the joints.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2A; 731-740
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Examinations of Steel Overlap Joints Obtained Using the Friction Stir Welding Technology
Autorzy:
Więckowski, W.
Lacki, P.
Adamus, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
friction stir welding
FSW
1.4541 steel
Opis:
The aim of the study was to analyse mechanical properties and microstructure of joints obtained using friction stir welding (FSW) technology. The focus of the study was on overlap linear FSW joints made of 1.4541 DIN 17441 steel sheets with thickness of 1.2 mm. Tools used during friction stir welding of steel joints were made of W-Re alloy. The joints were subjected to visual inspection and their load bearing capacity was evaluated by means of the tensile strength test with analysis of joint breaking mechanism. Furthermore, the joints were also tested during metallographic examinations. The analysis performed in the study revealed that all the samples of the FSW joints were broken outside the joint area in the base material of the upper sheet metal, which confirms its high tensile strength. Mean load capacity of the joints was 15.8 kN. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the joints did not reveal significant defects on the joint surface and in the cross-sections.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 393-399
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental investigations of the bonding zone in the explosive welding of a differently structured steel-zirconium platers
Autorzy:
Prazmowski, Mariusz
Paul, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100109.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
explosive welding
zirconium/steel clad
technological interlayer
Opis:
In this work the results of trials aimed at selecting optimal settings of the explosion welding process of 10 mm thick zirconium (Zr 700 grade) plates with carbon steel (P265GH grade) are presented. A bimetal Zr-steel and trimetal Zr-Ti-steel and Zr-Zr-steel where: 2 mm Ti and 3 mm Zr were used as a technological intermediate layer facilitating the bonding. The research was carried out for as-bonded joints, i.e. immediately following explosion welding. Structural analyses in leyers near the interface were focused on the characteristic of the joint interface. Mechanical properties of the obtained clads were measured with shearing, peel and lateral bending tests. Systematic measurements of microhardness distribution enabled analyzing the strain-hardening of the material resulting from explosion welding both at the bond interface zone and throughout the whole section of the clad. It was established that during explosion welding with 10 mm Zr 700 the application of the 2 mm or 3 mm thick interlayers of Zr70 or Ti grade 1, respectively, allows obtaining a joint with good mechanical properties and optimal characteristic of the interface.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2019, 19, 2; 99-110
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 135

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies