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    Tytuł:
    Cast steels for creep-resistant parts used in heat treatment plants
    Autorzy:
    Drotlew, A.
    Garbiak, M.
    Piekarski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380318.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
    innowacyjne materiały odlewnicze
    staliwo austenityczne Ni-Cr
    obróbka cieplna
    innovative foundry technologies
    innovative foundry materials
    cast Ni-Cr austenitic steel
    castings for heat treatment plants
    Opis:
    Creep-resistant parts of heat treatment furnaces are in most cases made from high-alloyed chromium-nickel and nickel-chromium iron alloys, both cast and wrought. This paper presents the types of casting alloys used for this particular purpose, since the majority of furnace components are made by the casting process. Standards were cited which give symbols of alloy grades used in technical specifications by the domestic industry. It has been indicated that castings made currently are based on a wider spectrum of the creep-resistant alloy grades than the number of alloys covered by the standards. Alloy grades recommended by the technical literature for individual parts of the furnace equipment were given. The recommendations reflect both the type of the technological process used and the technical tasks performed by individual parts of the furnace equipment. Comments were also made on the role of individual alloying elements in shaping the performance properties of castings.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 4; 31-38
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konstrukcja palety podstawowej oprzyrządowania technologicznego do obróbki cieplnej
    Structure of guide grate in heat treatment technological equipment
    Autorzy:
    Drotlew, A.
    Garbiak, M.
    Kubicki, J.
    Piekarski, B.
    Siluk, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391791.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    żarowytrzymałe staliwo austenityczne
    odlewy dla zakładów obróbki cieplnej
    palety
    creep resistant austenitic cast steel
    castings for heat treatment plants
    grates
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono sposób postępowania umożliwiający ilościową ocenę porównawczą elastyczności różnych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych odlewu palety podstawowej. Paleta podstawowa jest głównym elementem wchodzącym w skład konstrukcji wszystkich typów oprzyrządowania technologicznego służącego do ułożenia i transportu wsadu w piecu podczas zabiegów obróbki cieplnej. Jest ażurową i cienkościenną konstrukcją. Określono wartość sił i naprężeń tworzących się w zaproponowanych konstrukcjach palety wskutek ich odkształcenia o zadaną wartość. Na tej podstawie wskazano najkorzystniejsze rozwiązania jej konstrukcji.
    The paper presents a procedure that allows a quantitative comparative assessment of the flexibility of different design solutions of guide grate cast. Guide grate is an essential component part in all types of technological equipment structures used for arranging and transporting charge in furnaces during heat treatment. It is an openwork and thin-walled construction element. Values of forces and stresses created in the proposed guide grates due to deformation are specified. On this basis, the most advantageous structure solutions are indicated.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2013, 53, 3; 59-71
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of Cr - Ni 18/9 austenitic cast steel modification by mischmetal
    Autorzy:
    Gajewski, M.
    Kasińska, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380312.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    staliwo austenityczne
    modyfikacja
    miszmetal
    właściwości mechaniczne
    korozja międzykrystaliczna
    austenitic cast steel
    modification
    mechanical properties
    intergranular corrosion
    Opis:
    This paper presents the results of Cr - Ni 18/9 austenitic cast steel modifications by mischmetal. The study was conducted on industrial melts. Cast steel was melted in an electric induction furnace with a capacity of 2000 kg and a basic lining crucible. The mischmetal was introduced into the ladle during tapping of the cast steel from the furnace. The effectiveness of modification was examined with the carbon content of 0.1% and the presence of \delta ferrite in the structure of cast steel stabilized with titanium. The changes in the structure of cast steel and their effect on mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion were studied. It was found that rare earth metals decrease the sulfur content in cast steel and above all, they cause a distinct change in morphology of the \delta ferrite and non-metallic inclusions. These changes have improved mechanical properties. R02, Rm, and A5 and toughness increased significantly. There was a great increase of the resistance to intergranular corrosion in the Huey test. The study confirmed the high efficiency of cast steel modification by mischmetal in industrial environments. The final effect of modification depends on the form and manner of placing mischmetal into the liquid metal and the melting technology, ie the degree of deoxidation and desulfurization of the metal in the furnace.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 4; 47-52
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Materials for Reformer Furnace Tubes. History of evolution
    Autorzy:
    Garbiak, M.
    Jasiński, W.
    Piekarski, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380600.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innovative foundry technology
    innovative foundry material
    damage
    reformer furnace tubes
    Ni-Cr austenitic cast steel
    innowacyjna technologia odlewnicza
    innowacyjny materiał odlewniczy
    uszkodzenie
    piec rurowy
    staliwo austenityczne
    Opis:
    The paper discusses progress that has been made over the past sixty years in increasing the service life of centrifugally cast, creepresistant tubes operating in reformer furnaces. Attention was mainly focused on the principles of selection of the chemical composition of castings to improve their creep behaviour. The reasons accounting for withdrawal of tubes from service were indicated. Examples of chemical composition and mechanical properties obtained in creep-resistant Ni-Cr cast steel used by the leading European tube manufacturers were stated. Trends in current research aiming at further improvement of the tube performance characteristics were mentioned.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 2 spec.; 47-52
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mechanical properties of phase constituents in selected grades of cast steel
    Autorzy:
    Garbiak, M.
    Zubko, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382574.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    nanoindentation measurement
    Young modulus
    austenitic cast steel
    pomiar nanoindentacji
    moduł Younga
    staliwo austenityczne
    Opis:
    The nanoindentation measurements performed on three cast steels of 0.3C-30Ni-18Cr type with various content of niobium and titanium were carried out. Mechanical properties of the main phase constituents of the alloys, such as austenite, MC and M23C6 type carbides, were determined and analysed. The values of hardness (H) and Young modulus (E) for the austenite matrix were similar within the tested alloys. Essential differences (H=12÷24 GPa; E = 250÷400 GPa) were found between the carbide p hases p resent in tested alloys. The nanoindentation measurement on small particles is affected by different effects. One of these effects was excluded using numerical simulation of impressing the phase constituent into the matrix during indentation. The values of H and E obtained from simulation were: 30/450 GPa for NbC; 50/580 GPa for TiC; and 19/320 GPa for Cr23C6 respectively.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 3 spec.; 57-60
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures 20%Cr-21%Ni-5%Si Cast Steel
    Autorzy:
    Kalandyk, B.
    Kasińska, J.
    Olejnik, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381678.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    austenitic cast steel
    stainless steel
    cast steel microstructure
    heat treatment
    staliwo austenityczne
    stal nierdzewna
    mikrostruktura staliwa
    obróbka termiczna
    Opis:
    The study describes the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of cast high-alloyed 20%Cr-21%Ni-5%Si steel. It has been found that the microstructure of the tested material in the initial state consists of an austenitic matrix and precipitates rich in Si, Cr, Ni and Mn, characterized by different morphology and distributed mainly along the grain boundaries. The conducted heat treatment (after solutioning at: 1060, 1100 and 1200ºC) has changed both morphology and chemical composition of the precipitates. Significant reduction in the Si and Ni content and slight increase in the Cr content, especially after solutioning at 1200°C, combined with a simultaneous decrease in the hardness of the precipitates was evidenced.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 39-42
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wearing quality of austenitic, duplex cast steel, gray and spheroidal graphite iron
    Autorzy:
    Pietrowski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382903.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    nowe technologie materiałowe
    staliwo austenityczne
    żeliwo typu duplex
    zużycie ścierne
    zużycie adhezyjne
    new materials technologies
    austenitic cast steel
    duplex cast iron
    abrasion wear
    adhesive wear
    Opis:
    The current work presents the research results of abrasion wear and adhesive wear at rubbing and liquid friction of new austenitic, austenitic-ferritic ('duplex') cast steel and gray cast iron EN-GJL-250, spheroidal graphite iron EN-GJS-600-3, pearlitic with ledeburitic carbides and spheroidal graphite iron with ledeburitic carbides with a microstructure of the metal matrix: pearlitic, upper bainite, mixture of upper and lower bainite, martensitic with austenite, pearlitic-martensitic-bainitic-ausferritic obtained in the raw state. The wearing quality test was carried out on a specially designed and made bench. Resistance to abrasion wear was tested using sand paper P40. Resistance to adhesive wear was tested in interaction with steel C55 normalized, hardened and sulfonitrided. The liquid friction was obtained using CASTROL oil. It was stated that austenitic cast steel and 'duplex' are characterized by a similar value of abrasion wear and adhesive wear at rubbing friction. The smallest decrease in mass was shown by the cast steel in interaction with the sulfonitrided steel C55. Austenitic cast steel and 'duplex' in different combinations of friction pairs have a higher wear quality than gray cast iron EN-GJL-250 and spheroidal graphite iron EN-GJS-600-3. Austenitic cast steel and 'duplex' are characterized by a lower wearing quality than the spheroidal graphite iron with bainitic-martensitic microstructure. In the adhesive wear test using CASTROL oil the tested cast steels and cast irons showed a small mass decrease within the range of 1-2 mg.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 235-244
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Oxide Layer Evolution of Cast Fe24Cr12NiXNb Heat-Resistant Cast Steels at 900°C in Atmospheric Air
    Autorzy:
    Ramos, P. A.
    Coelho, R. S.
    Pinto, H. C.
    Soldera, F.
    Mücklich, F.
    Brito, P. P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837826.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    austenitic cast steel
    microstructure
    Nb-alloyed steels
    oxidation
    staliwo austenityczne
    mikrostruktura
    stal stopowa
    utlenianie
    Opis:
    The austenitic stainless steels are a group of alloys normally used under high mechanical and thermal requests, in which high temperature oxidation is normally present due to oxygen presence. This study examines the oxide layer evolution for Fe24Cr12NiXNb modified austenitic stainless steel A297 HH with 0,09%Nb and 0,77%Nb content at 900°C under atmospheric air and isothermal oxidation. The modifiers elements such as Mo, Co and Ti, added to provide high mechanical strength, varied due to the casting procedure, however main elements such as Cr, Ni, Mn and Si were kept at balanced levels to avoid microstructure changing. The oxide layer analysis was performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis of the different phases was measured with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The Nb-alloyed steel generated a thicker Cr oxide layer. Generally elemental Nb did not provide any noticeable difference in oxide scale growth, for the specific range of Nb amount and temperature studied. High temperature oxidation up to 120h was characterized by protective Cr oxidation, after this period a non-protective Fe-based oxidation took place. Cr, Fe and Ni oxides were observed in the multilayer oxide scale.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 1; 125-131
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Contribution to Deoxidation of Austenitic Steels in a Vacuum Induction Furnace with Carbon
    Autorzy:
    Šenberger, J.
    Pernica, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379906.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vacuum induction furnace
    deoxidation
    carbon
    austenitic steel
    petrochemistry
    oxygen activity
    total oxygen
    próżniowy piec indukcyjny
    odtlenianie
    węgiel
    staliwo austenityczne
    petrochemia
    aktywność tlenu
    Opis:
    Deoxidation of steel with carbon under reduced pressure is often used for increasing the steel purity. Suitable units for this purpose in foundries are vacuum induction furnaces. Possibilities of increasing the steel purity by deoxidation with carbon in the vacuum induction furnace were studied for the steel for the petrochemistry of specific composition 25Cr/35Ni. The charge composed of the return material only was melted in the air. During melting the charge oxidized and the oxidizing slag formed. Chemical composition of steel, morphology, chemical composition of inclusions in the steel and chemical composition of slag after vacuuming were studied on the basis of samples taken before and after vacuuming. Temperature and oxygen activity were measured before and after vacuuming. Globular inclusions with dominant content of silicon and manganese were observed in steel before and after vacuuming. Contents of total oxygen in steel didn’t change significantly during vacuuming. On the basis of composition of inclusions and measured oxygen activity the activity of Cr2O3 in inclusions was calculated. A slag sample was taken after vacuuming and equilibrium oxygen activity in steel with regard to the Cr2O3 content in the slag was estimated from the slag composition. Equilibrium oxygen activity in relation to the Cr2O3 content in the slag was higher than equilibrium activity measured in the steel. For this reason it is not possible, under the studied conditions, to decrease oxygen content in steel during vacuuming.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 105-109
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Inoculation-induced change in carbides content in the columnar and equiaxed structure of centrifugally cast tubes from 32Ni-25Cr-Nb steel
    Zmiany ilości węglików w strukturze kolumnowej i równoosiowej rur odlewanych odśrodkowo ze staliwa 32Ni-25Cr-Nb wywołane jego modyfikacją
    Autorzy:
    Tęcza, G.
    Sobula, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263939.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    staliwo austenityczne Ni-Cr-Nb
    odlewanie odśrodkowe
    struktura kolumnowa
    struktura równoosiowa
    wydzielenia weglików
    Ni-Cr-Nb austenitic cast steel
    centrifugal casting
    columnar structure
    equiaxed structure
    carbide precipitates
    Opis:
    The properties of alloys used for centrifugally cast catalytic tubes depend on the stability of carbides hardening the alloy at an operating temperature. Tubes cast in centrifugal process are characterised by structure changing on the cross-section: the outer layer is composed of columnar crystals, while inner layer has the structure of equiaxed crystals. The properties of these two zones differ and have a major influence on the casting behaviour during operation. The aim of this study was to determine the volume fraction of Cr and Nb carbides in the zone of columnar and equiaxed crystals under different inoculation regimes. It was found that the type of the used microadditives changes the amount of carbides in the investigated zones of castings.
    Własności stopów, stosowanych do odlewania odśrodkowego rur katalitycznych, wynikają z wysokiej stabilności węglików umacniających stop w temperaturze pracy. Rury wykonywane metodą odlewania odśrodkowego posiadają zmieniającą się na przekroju strukturę: warstwa zewnętrzna - strukturę kolumnową, a warstwa wewnętrzna - strukturę równoosiową. Własności obu tych stref są różne i mają istotne znaczenie dla zachowania się odlewów w temperaturze pracy. W pracy określono udział objętościowy węglików Cr i Nb w strefie kryształów kolumnowych i równoosiowych dla poszczególnych rodzajów modyfikacji. Stwierdzono, że rodzaj zastosowanych mikrododatków wpływa na zmiany ilości węglików w badanych strefach odlewów.
    Źródło:
    Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2011, 37, 2; 179-184
    1230-2325
    2300-8377
    Pojawia się w:
    Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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