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Tytuł:
Założenia modelowe i standardy międzynarodowe dotyczące nieletnich sprawców przestępstw
Model Assumptions and International Standards Related to Juvenile Offenders
Autorzy:
Stańdo-Kawecka, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698718.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieletni
przestępczość nieletnich
sprawcy przestępstw
nieletni sprawcy przestępstw
prawo karne nieletnich
juveniles
juvenile delinquency
juvenile offenders
penal law
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 417-430
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Młodociani sprawcy rozboju
Young Adults Convicted of Robbery
Autorzy:
Wójcik, Dobrochna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699144.pdf
Data publikacji:
1972
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
młodociani sprawcy
rozbój
young adults
robbery
offender
Opis:
The study presents the findings of an inquiry conducted among 60 young adults (male) serving sentences for robbery in a Warsaw prison. These 60 offenders (aged I7 - 20) formed part of a total of 229 young adults convicted of robbery and confined in this Warsaw prison between 1 October, 1966 and 30 November, 1968, with regard to whom details were secured of their criminal records from the age of ten. Of these 229 young persons, whose average age was 18.8, as many as 76 per cent had previous convictions, 58 per cent of them having appeared in juvenile courts and 48 per cent in criminal courts for offenders over 17 years of age. Of those who had appeared in juvenile courts 42 per cent had three or more appearances. The fact that three-quarters of the young adults convicted of robbery in Warsaw are repeated offenders indicates a need to analyze the types of their offences. As regards offences committed as juveniles, these were usually thefts, the proportion of crimes of violence not exceeding 18 per cent. Above the age of seventeen, however, the structure of their offences changes, since 36 per cent involved acts of physical assault and 14 per cent offences with verbal aggression (i.e. slander); offences against property, on the other hand, came to 48 per cent. The young recidivists convicted of robbery differ basically (p < 0.001) from young adults guilty of other offences (previously surveyed by the Department of Criminology) since the majority of the latter (as much as 67 per cent) were offences against property (usually larceny). The above evidence indicates therefore that the problem of aggressiveness requires special attention in studies of robbery offences committed by young adults. A more detailed inquiry was, as has been said, conducted among 60 young adults serving sentences for robbery, of whom 82 per cent had more than one previous conviction. The control group consisted of 43 young recidivists convicted of various offences (chiefly theft) with the exception of robbery. The first point to be made is that the subjects revealed, according to the accounts of their mothers, marked behaviour disorders as early as pre-school age (overactivity and restlessness, stubbornness, etc.). Evidence of such behaviour disorders below the age of seven was found much more frequently among offenders convicted of robbery (61 per cent) than in the control group containing young adult recidivists who had committed other offences (34 per cent). Only 69 per cent of the robbery offenders had completed the seven grades of elementary school, and of these only 12 pet cent had never been kept back a grade, while 24 per cent had fallen back one grade, 39 per cent two grades and 24 per cent three or more grades. This poor progress at school cannot be explained by lower levers of intelligence since 68 per cent of the subjects had normal IQs, 24.5 per cent were dull, 6.2 per cent were on the borderline of mental deficiency and 2 per cent were morons. Among the young robbery offenders (and the young recidivists as well for that matter) there had been frequent cases of truancy (77 per cent) and this had begun at an early age since almost half had got into the habit before the fourth grade. Thefts had been committed by 61 per cent of the subjects below the age of 15. The majority (65 per cent) had no vocational qualifications. Altogether among all the young adult robbery offenders with previous convictions, 16 per, cent had never been gainfully employed, and 49 per cent had jobs for less than half the period they were at liberty after completing their sixteenth year. At the time the robbery was committed, the percentage in employment did not exceed 17 per cent. The subjects spent their time among demoralized peers with whom they drank. The nature of the environment in which they mixed can best be seen from the fact that among the persons who were accomplices to their robberies (almost always young adults or juveniles), as many as 75 per cent had been previously convicted and 60 per cent frequently drank to excess. It should be noted that the young recidivists in the control group convicted of other offences and drawn from persons with a record of theft as juveniles, had made even poorer progress at school than the robbery offenders, had in fewer cases completed elementary school, had more frequently run away from home, had started to steal regularly at an earlier age and had committed many more thefts as juveniles and children. The inquiry found, however, that the robbery offenders had displayed personality disorders at an earlier age and had started to drink younger and done much more drinking at 16 – 17 years of age. The data on the drinking habits of the robbery offenders merit special attention. It was found that only 23 per cent of these young adults drank less frequently than once a week, 55 per cent drank 2-3 times a week, and 22 per cent drank at least four times a week (these figures are certainly not an accurate reflection of the degree of drinking which was undoubtedly even higher). It should be emphasized that 43 per cent of the subjects began to drink wine or spirits at least once a week below the age of 16, and 75 per cent were drinking with the same regularity before their 17th birthday. In the period preceding the robbery a large percentage of the young adults (52 per cent) were drinking large quantities of alcohol at each session (at least 1/4 litre in terms of spirits) 2 - 3 times a week or more. They drank wine or vodka, or both. It should not be forgotten in considering these figures that some 60 per cent of the robbery offenders were only 17-18 years of age. Furthermore 42 per cent of the 17-18 age  group had been drinking 2-3 times a week or more for at least two years, and 50 per cent of the 19 -20 age bracket had been doing so for at least three years. A third of the subjects admitted to intoxication at least once or twice a month, and a half recorded that they were inebriated several times a month. A very large majority (c. 80 per cent) were under the influence of alcohol when they committed their robbery. In the psychological inquiries detailed attention was given to the problems of aggression in the case of the young robbery offenders, their level of aggressiveness being determined from the evidence of aggressive behaviour in childhood and later yielded by interviews with both the subjects themselves and their mothers. Ratings of “very aggressive” were scored by 62 per cent of the young robbery offenders. In comparison with the findings of the Department of Criminology study of other samples of juvenile and adult recidivists (not convicted of robbery), it has been found that the robbery offenders do indeed display a greater incidence of aggressive behaviour and score higher in the Buss-Durkee aggression questionnaire. The robbery offenders not qualified as “very aggressive”, (38 per cent) also had occasional acts of aggression in their past career, and 25 per cent of them had  even been previously prosecuted for offences containing an element of violence. However, they differed in certain respects from the robbery offenders qualified as “very aggressive”. Among the latter regular drinking was more frequent (p < 0.001) and had begun at an earlier age (p < 0.01), thefts had been more common and the rate of recidivism was greater. Evidence of the presence of such characteristics as overactivity, impulsiveness, etc., in childhood was also more frequent (p < 0.05). In addition they possessed a higher rate of brain damage. Very aggressive robbery offenders more frequently displayed overactivity whereas the non-aggressive offenders tended to have clearly passive personalities (p < 0.02) inclined to let others take the lead. Attention should finally be drawn to the more frequent occurence among the “very aggressive” offenders (in comparison with the remaining young adults convicted of robbery) of certain adverse conditions in their home background. There were many more cases of among these subjects of defective emotional relationships between parents and son (p < 0.01) and more frequent employment of brutal corporal punishment (p < 0.02). These are factors found by various inquiries to be conducive to the development of aggressive attitudes. However, as regards such environmental factors as alcoholic or criminal parents and siblings, no significant differences were found between the backgrounds of the aggressive and non-aggressive robbery offenders. In analysing the problem of aggressiveness the question of brain damage should not be overlooked. In the case of as many as 29 of the sample (49 per cent) there was evidence pointing to such a condition with a high degree of probability. These subjects displayed, it was found, more frequent symptoms of behaviour disorders and social maladjustment such as frequent stealing (p < 0.001), early excessive drinking (p < 0.02), considerable violence (p < 0.001) and more frequent self-aggression (p < 0.02). This multiplication of behaviour disorders among offenders suffering from brain damage points to greater adaptation difficulties further compounded by their home circumstances. Among the whole sample of young robbery offenders there were only 16 per cent who were not found to be subject either to brain damage or decidedly adverse influences at home. The homes of the young robbery offenders present as negative a picture as those of the previously studied recidivists convicted of other offences. Only 57 per cent of the former spent their childhood in unbroken homes. As many as 65 per cent of their fathers regularly drank to excess, and at least 27 per cent of them can be qualified as alcoholics. The percentage of fathers with a criminal record was less than 23 per cent and the majority of these were not persistent offenders. Most of their offences were of a drunk-and-disorderly nature. The subjects’ fathers were by and large persons with a low standard of education and vocational qualifications: only 28 per cent had advanced beyond elementary school, usually to vocational school. Almost all the subjects came from the homes of unskilled or low-skilled labourers. Only a third of their homes were relatively well off. Among a large majority of the fathers (71 per cent) and as much as 45 per cent of the mothers there was evidence of their emotional relationship with their children being inadequate. In the case of 61 per cent of the fathers there was very frequent employment of excessively severe corporal punishment of the subjects. The inquiry also revealed the typical fact that 51 per cent of the brothers of the young adults serving sentences for robbery had (by the time they had completed their tenth birthday) been before the courts and that the same percentage were heavy drinkers. Only in 28 per cent of the homes was there no evidence of frequent excessive drinking and criminal offences by brothers. A comparison of the home environments of the young recidivists convicted of robbery and those convicted of other offences revealed no differences as regards such factors as family structure or alcoholic and criminal parents and siblings (except that the brothers of the robbery offenders had committed more offences of an aggressive nature than the brothers of the persons in the control group). However, marked differences were found in the emotional relationship of parents to children and the practice of severe  corporal punishment which was much more frequent in the case of the fathers of the robbery offenders. These are factors which various inquiries have found to be conducive to the formation of aggressive attitudes.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1972, V; 151-189
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znaczenie diagnozy prognostycznej w resocjalizacja nieletnich sprawców przestępstw seksualnych
The importance of prognostic diagnosis in the rehabilitation of juvenile sexual offenders
Autorzy:
Pastwa-Wojciechowska, Beata
Grzegorzewska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-27
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
agresja seksualna
nieletni sprawcy
szacowanie ryzyka
resocjalizacja
Opis:
Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy. Zaprezentowane i omówione zostały zagadnienia związane z diagnozą prognostyczną w resocjalizacji nieletnich sprawców przestępstw. Skoncentrowano się na takich zagadnieniach, jak: istota diagnozy prognostycznej, charakterystyka nieletnich sprawców przemocy seksualnej, uwarunkowania powrotu do przestępczości nieletnich sprawców, specyfika szacowania powrotności do przestępstwa seksualnego nieletnich oraz resocjalizacja nieletnich w kontekście diagnozy prognostycznej.  Przyjęcie takiej konstrukcji rozważań pozwala na analizę wczesnych predyktorów przestępczości seksualnej nieletnich a tym samym zidentyfikowanie ścieżek rozwojowych o odrębnych czynnikach przyczynowych. Podejście takie ma istotne znaczenie teoretyczne i aplikacyjne albowiem daje szansę na rozróżnienie przyczyn od konsekwencji, a tym samym zrozumienie procesów rozwojowych w kontekście normatywnym i nienormatywnym. Z kolei w aspekcie diagnostycznym i interwencyjnym pozwoliłoby na uwspólnienie tych czynności i dopasowanie ich do okresu rozwojowego.
This article is for review. Issues related to prognostic diagnosis in the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders have been presented and discussed. The focus was on issues such as the substance of the prognostic diagnosis, the characteristics of juvenile perpetrators of sexual violence, the conditions for the return to juvenile deeds, the specificity of estimating the return to sexual crime of minors and the rehabilitation of minors in the context of prognostic diagnosis.  The adoption of such a design of considerations makes it possible to analyse the early predictors of sexual crime of minors and thus to identify developmental pathways with distinct causal factors. Such an approach is of significant theoretical and application importance, for it offers an opportunity to distinguish between causes and consequences and thus to understand development processes in a normative and non-normative context. On the other hand, from a diagnostic and interventional point of reference, it would make it possible to make these activities common and adapt them to the development period.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2021, 22; 123-138
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Świadkowie cyberbullyingu – między obojętnością a reakcją
Witnesses of cyberbullying – between indifference and response
Autorzy:
Knol-Michałowska, Kamila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/499195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Fundacja Dajemy Dzieciom Siłę
Tematy:
świadkowie
cyberbullying
młodzież
sprawcy
ofiary
witnesses
adolescents
offenders
victims
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi teoretyczną analizę potencjalnej roli świadków cyberbullyingu w powstrzymywaniu aktów agresji poprzez udzielanie wsparcia ofiarom, dyscyplinowanie sprawców czy swoistą bierność. Wstępem do rozważań na temat możliwych działań świadków jest przedstawienie definicji i charakterystyki zjawiska cyberbullyingu oraz omówienie znaczenia aktywizacji świadków, jak również scharakteryzowanie specyficznej ich roli w kontekście agresji realizowanej online. Druga część artykułu poświęcona jest prezentacji wyników badań wybranych autorów uwzględniających obecność świadków w cyberbullyingu.
The paper analyzes potential role of witnesses in moderating cyberbullying by supporting victims, disciplining the perpetrator, or being a bystander in the process of online aggressive behaviour. An introduction to the discussion about possible witnesses’ actions is describing the definition and characteristics of cyberbullying, highlighting importance of activating this group and characterizing their specific role in cyberbullying. The second part of the article focuses on the presentation of results of several studies concerning participation of witnesses.
Źródło:
Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka; 2013, 12, 1; 111-120
1644-6526
Pojawia się w:
Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Alkohol a poczytalność sprawcy czynu zabronionego - wnioski na podstawie badań aktowych
Alcohol and the Sanity of the Perpetrator of an Offence – Conclusions Based on Research
Autorzy:
Golonka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
poczytalność sprawcy
alkohol
odpowiedzialność karna
alcohol
sanity
offence
Opis:
This study presents the issue of alcohol consumption and its possible effect(s) on an offender’s ability to comprehend the significance of his/her actions or to control his/her behaviour. The legislative provision that allows to justify the full responsibility of the offender being in a state of inebriation in the same unit of a legal text like insanity and significantly restricted sanity (Article 31 of Polish Penal Code) indicates that there is a connection between these states. From a psychopathological standpoint, they are obviously connected by the disrupted functioning of the perpetrator’s mental activities. These disturbances, when the offender is under the influence of alcohol, need not result into his full responsibility and, in some, giving to characterize and statistically present cases, can lead to a reduction or even abolition of the soundness of the perpetrator of the offense. These problems were the stimulus to undertake research work, the results of which are also presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2014, XXXVI; 279-292
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne przestępczości nieletnich w województwie wielkopolskim
Autorzy:
Kulczyńska, Katarzyna
Pawlak, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/912004.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
przestrzenne zróżnicowanie przestępczości
czynniki przestępczości
nieletni sprawcy przestępstw
województwo wielkopolskie
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie przestrzennego zróżnicowania przestępczości nieletnich, a także próba określenia czynników sprzyjających przestępczym zachowaniom nieletnich na obszarze województwa wielkopolskiego w układzie powiatów w latach 1999 i 2015. Analiza dotyczy zmian natężenia przestępczości nieletnich sprawców przestępstw i czynów przez nich popełnionych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przestępstw kryminalnych w kategorii przestępstwa narkotykowe, cechujących się najwyższymi wartościami wskaźników natężenia przestępstw. Uzupełnieniem prowadzonych analiz jest ustalenie współzależności pomiędzy poziomem przestępczości nieletnich a czynnikami przestępczości przy wykorzystaniu współczynnika korelacji liniowej Pearsona.
Źródło:
Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna; 2017, 40; 127-147
2353-1428
Pojawia się w:
Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Programy oddziaływań korekcyjno-edukacyjnych dla sprawców przemocy w rodzinie – teoria i praktyka
Autorzy:
Justyna, Czerwińska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-14
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
programy oddziaływań korekcyjno-edukacyjnych
sprawcy przemocy
przemoc w rodzinie
Opis:
Artykuł stanowi o teoretycznych i praktycznych aspektach programów oddziaływań korekcyjno-edukacyjnych dla osób stosujących przemoc w rodzinie. Powstał on na podstawie wyników badań przeprowadzonych przez autorkę w 2015 r. na potrzeby pracy magisterskiej pt. „Sprawcy przemocy w rodzinie – kim są i jak im pomagać? Studium teoretyczno-empiryczne na podstawie programów oddziaływań korekcyjno-edukacyjnych w woj. śląskim”, której promotorem był prof. dr hab. Jacek Wódz. Artykuł obejmuje: wprowadzenie w tematykę, krótki opis metodologii badań, wybrane wyniki wraz z interpretacjami oraz podsumowanie.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2018, 33(3); 85-99
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zabójstwa w Polsce w latach 1951–1971 oraz sprawcy zabójstw w świetle akt sądowych (streszczenie wyników badań)
Homicide in Poland in the Years 1951-1971 and the Offenders in the Light of Court Records (Summary of the Investigation)
Autorzy:
Janowska, Halina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699244.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
zabójstwa
Polska
sprawcy zabójstw
akta sądowe
homicide
Polska
offenders
court records
Opis:
Summary of the Investigation   This study is devoted to an analysis of homicide in Poiand during the 20 years 1951-1971 as compared with the pre-war period. This part of investigation is based on data taken from the police and prosecutor’s office statistics from before the war and for the years 1951-1971. The analysis deals also with the court records’ data on 308 offenders convicted for homicide throughout the country in the year 1961. The offenders represented almost all the persons convicted during that year for crimes covered by Arts. 225, paras 1 and 2 of the Penal Code of 1932. As many as 75 per cent of them were convicted for committed and 25 per cent for attempted homicides. The incidence of homicide was during the pre-war period more than five times that during the 25 years after the war. The social reasons for this phenomenon undoubtedly involve the important socio-economic and cultural transformations which have taken place in the country since the war. The diminished frequency of acts of homicide was brought about by changes in the social structure, an increase in the range of values made universally accessible, a rising level of culture and education, and changes in certain behavioural patterns. As between pre-war times and the last few years, a significant dynamic aspect in the territorial distribution of homicide has been noticeable; fundamentally, this is a change in the trend of dependence between the rate of homicide and the level of industrialization and urbanization. In the years 1935-1937, this dependence was negative, the greatest rate of homicide being recorded in the economically backward regions of eastern and southern Poland. In the years 1956-1962, this dependence persisted but at the same time the highest coefficient of homicide was noted in areas with an extremely high level of industrialization. In the years 1963-1965 there was an interdependence between the homicide rate and the low level of industrialization and urbanization; the highest coefficient of these crimes appears at that time in voivodeships marked by a high ‒ or an extremely low ‒ level of industrialization and urbanization. In recent years, 1969-1971, the dependence between the homicide rate and the low level of industrialization and urbanization further decreased, but the dependence of the high coefficient of homicide on the high level of industrialization became still more obvious. The highest homicide rate before the war in markedly agricultural areas of what was then called Poland “B” is to be linked with, above all, the influence exerted by such factors as: low level of economic development of these regions, low level of culture and education, the local type of social bonds, favouring ‒ in the then existing conditions ‒ lynch law, the spread of models called “subculture of aggression”. The fact that after the war (with a coefficient of homicide less than one-fifth of the former) a relatively higher coefficient of homicide remained unchanged in the eastern voivodeships is to be connected, above all, with residues of the pre-war situation which were of a cultural nature and whose influence ‒ because of the urbanization of rural culture ‒ was expected to diminish. This hypothesis finds confirmation in the results of the analysis of statistitical data for the years 1956-1971 related to the dynamic changes in the territorial distribution of homicide. Analyzing the reasons for a greater homicide rate in the western voivodeships, and even of tendencies indicating increase in the homicide coefficient in these areas, primarily taken into account should be the enormous intensification of social migration processes and the rapid rate of industrialization and urbanization of these regions. As regards the first of these factors, it should be borne in mind that the coefficient of homicide in the various voivodeships is greater in voivodeships with a higher percentage of people frorn those areas of Poland which before the war were known for a high coefficient of the crime of homicide. In conditions inevitably giving rise to social frustrations, there is an increased probability of homicide by people with certain psycho-social features. It should be emphasized that the offenders examined were in the majority of cases individuals marked by serious personality disorders and not having had even primary school education or any professional qualifications. Not without significance seems to be the fact that the overwhelming majority of such came from environments where aggressive behavioural patterns had been widespread. The indirect influence of social factors on the frequency of homicide seems to be insignificant in the case of people who commit such a crime in states of mind definable as psychotic, giving rise to irresponsibility. This assumption found confirmation in data from some other countries indicating that during a period when there is an increase in homicide, no increasing number of homicides by mentally ill people is to be observed. There seems, however, no doubt as to the influence of factors of a social nature on homicide by people who are not mentally sick but suffer from psychic anomalies. Among offenders examined by court psychiatrists (70.4% of the total in the court record material studied) 69.8 had psychic anomalies of various kinds; this fact is to be connected with their difficulties in social adjustment as well as with violent, extremely aggressive reactions to frustrating situations. Analyzing by comparison with the years before the war, the structure of motives for homicide, on the basis of court records, it was found that in the categories of motives differentiated in pre-war works by P. Horoszowski, the following changes have taken place as regards the number of convictions for homicides with given motives. The annual number of convictions for homicide with economic motives decreased five times (by approximately 300 cases); homicides for erotic motives less than two and a half times (by approximately 100); in defence of honour and person ‒ five times (by over 500); and infanticide ‒ also five times (by about 70). Examining the structure of motives for homicide ‒ i.e., the proportional share of convictions appropriate to the various categories ‒ it was found that the number of convicted offenders decreased by 7% as regards economic motives and defence of honour and person, and increased by about 14% in the category of homicides with erotic motives, while the percentage of convictions for child murder remained in the general structure of motives unchanged. Although the results of research on court records of one year are in principle insufficient as a basis for generalization in regard to a longer period of time, nevertheless we feel justified in generalizing the basis of statistical data supplied by the police. Such data enables the statement that there is a similarity between the average annual number of cases of homicide in the various categories of motives for the years 1962-1964 and 1968-1970. Since, moreover, the all-over number of cases of homicide for those years also reveals similarities, it may be concluded that the structure of motives for homicide in those periods was relatively stable. Changes in the structure of motives for homicide since the war period may, as compared with the pre-war period be attributed primarily to the changes in the structure of classes and strata in Poland and to changes in the hierarchy of socially accepted values. The typology of motives for homicide followed F. Horoszowski’s typology, which served as a basis for analysis of court records before the war but had to be extended for the purpose of this work. An effort has been made to find out whether offenders prompted by different motives differ essentially in respect to socio-demographic and psycho-social features. It was found that offenders, whether prompted by economic or erotic motives, or acting in defence of their personal dignity, etc., did not differ essentially as regards the features indicated above. But such differences can be observed when in the grouping of cases account is taken of, in addition to the motive for a crime, the objective situation on the background of which such motive took shape. Typotogy of the material examined, developed as indicated, led to the establishing of the following groups: (1) homicide in defence of personal dignity, arising out of a serious, developing conflict between the offender and the victim (26 cases); (2) homicide in defence of personal dignity, arising from a momentary, trivial conflict caused by the insobriety of the offender (40 cases); (3) homicide in defence of personal dignity during a brawl arising out of a trivial, passing conflict, caused by the insobriety of the offender (21 cases); (4) homicide for erotic reasons, arising out of the victim’s failure to satisfy the slayer’s emotional expectations (excluded are marital conflicts, caused by the slayer-husband’s alcoholism) ‒ 32 cases; (5) homicide with erotic motives connected with marital conflict, arising out of the slayer-husband’s alcoholism (32 cases); (6) homicide with erotic motives, to eliminate someone who constituted an obstacle to the offender’s realization of a plan to marry (18 cases); (7) homicide with economic motives arising out of claims to property (36 cases); (8) homicide with economic motives with intent to rob (29 cases); (9) homicide in self-defence or in defence of intimates (27 cases); (10) homicide to eliminate a witness to another crime committed by the offender (6 cases); (11) child-murder, as a rule of illegitimate infants, for various motives (23 cases), (a) by women (17 cases), (b) by men (6 cases); (12) homicide with pathological motives, arising out of a pathological reaction to intoxication (12 cases); (13) murder with pathological motives, arising out of a pathological way of achieving sexual satisfaction (6 cases). Note that the homicide category with the largest number of cases is that in defence of personal dignity (over 28%), including homicide for trivial reasons, a momentary confiict, arising out of the slayer’s being intoxicated (in police statistics such homicides figure as “hooligan”' killings; in literature ‒ often as “homicide arising from alcoholic motive”). Of the total of slayers examined, 90% were men. Of those ‒ 51% were under 30 years of age, and of female slayers ‒ 47%. 41% of male and 61% of the female offenders were single. From among male offenders 60% of them lived in the countryside, and from among female ones ‒ 63%. As many as 58% of offenders of both sexes had failed to complete primary school education (56% of men and 72% of women). Only 7% of the male and 9% of the female offenders were white collar workers. Analysis of the symptoms of social degradation among homicidals, showed that in only half of the cases was there evidence of intensification of such symptoms, which appearing together, indicated previous social deviance of the individual. Thus among the examined men 43% had already been tried for previous criminal offences before they were convicted of homicide; 22% of the total had been convicted once, 11% ‒ twice, and only 10% three times or more (among women there was not a single case of having 3 prior convictions). As to the structure of previous offences, it was found that there was a predominance (54.5%) of offences involving theft; 23% were offences combined with physical aggression, but of these only 17 out of a total of 75 could be considered serious (four involving manslaughter, 1 a brawl ending fatally, 5 serious bodily injuries, and 7 robberies). 58% of the total of homicidals systematically drank alcohol to excess (large quantities at least several times a week) and 68% of offenders were under the influence of alcohol at the moment of the crime. Alcohol is undoubtedly a very significant factor in the etiology of homicide; it plays an essential criminogenic role, especially as regards the very frequent cases in which an intoxicated offender simultaneously had serious disorders of personality. Data concerning recurrence of aggressive behaviour by offenders prior to the homicide were found in the court records of 65% of the cases; 60% of these received adverse references from their places of residence or of work. Only 20% did not work during the period preceding the homicide. The data given above show that not all homicidals reveal features indicating previous social maladjustment. In this connection, an examination was made of the correlation between certain psycho-social features o the criminals and the motives which prompted them to homicide. A statistical analysis, on the basis of which groups of the most strongly correlated variables were formed enabled further typology of groups of homicides differentiated according to motives. The principle of this typology was the connection between certain groups of homicides and the syndromes of psychosocial features, considered negative or “positive” from the point of view of social evaluation. Groups most strongly correlated with syndromes of negative features thus included individuals who had committed such crimes as: homicide with intent to rob; homicide in defence of own dignity arising out of a trifling, momentary conflict caused by the insoberity of the offender, homicide for erotic motives arising out of conflict caused by the offenderhusband’s alcoholism, homicide arising out of the offender’s pathological reaction caused by alcohol. It was found that the groups of offenders most markedly correlated with the “positive” syndrome of psycho-social features from the point of view of social evaluation were: homicide occurring in defence of personal dignity; arising out of a seriously gnowing conflict between slayer and victim; homicide with erotic motives aimed at the elimination of someone regarded as an obstacle to the realization of an offender’s plans to marry; homicide with economic motives arising out of claims to property; homicide in self-defence; child-murder committed by women. Of interest is the fact that in the light of court records a considerable majority of slayers (approximately 80%), men as well as women, committed homicide under the influence of strong negative emotional states, prolonged and belonging to affective experiences of the type frequently qualified in criminology and psychopathological literature as “states of continuous affect”. Only in about 10% of homicides did the records not reveal any intensified emotional stress on the part of the slayers – neither in the form of prolonged emotional stress nor in the form of marked exasperation arising directly before the homicide and caused by the victim’s aggressive, provocative behaviour. A mere 17% of the cases examined could be considered homicide “with malice aforethought”; this also includes homicide committed under considerable affect. The courts considered onry14.5% of the total of offenders to have committed their crimes “under the influence of strong emotion”, and applied para. 2, Art. 225 of the penal code (of 1932). Note that in the years 1961-1965 the courts invoked para. 2, Art. 225 of the penal code in connection with – annual average – only 14.7% of the total of individuals convicted of homicide, and in the years 1966-1971 in connection with a bare 10.3%. But during the pre-war years 1934-1937, of all cases of homicide, an average of 49% were considered by the court as having been committed under the influence of strong emotion. Data from the records examined as regards homicide victims are very scant and incomplete. Thus this work took into account only information related to the connections between the offender and victim and such features as: sex, age and state of sobriety at the time the offence was committed and also data contained in opinions given about the victims. It is of some interest that such features of the victims differed, depending on whether the offender was a man or woman. Close relatives constituted as much as 53% of the total of victims of female offenders and only 9% – of the males. On the other hand, there was marked similarity as regards the percentage of husband or wife as victims, of the partner, lover or fiancé (fiancée). In the case of men this percentage amounted to 24%, of women – 21%. The percentage of more distant relatives as homicide victims was 10.4% for men and only 3% for women. The percentage of victims unknown to slayers was fon men – 13% and for women 12%. Entirely different as between the sexes of offenders was the percentage of their victims who were closer or more distant friends: for men – 43%, and for women only 12%. 60.4% of the victims of offenders (men and women) were men, 37% – women and 2.6% – children of both sexes. Consideration of the age of homicide victims showed that the average age of victims was slightly higher than the average age of offenders, being on an average around 35 years (children excluded). Approximately 45% of the victims were given unfavourable references and in 45.5% of the cases the victims were in a state of insobriety at the time the crime was committed. The undoubtedly important role played by the victim in provoking of some of the homicides could not be examined in this work, due to the lack in appropriate records of more detailed characteristic traits of the victims and the lack of analysis of the circumstances preceding the murder.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1974, VI; 179-187
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawne i kryminologiczne aspekty przestępczości seksualnej duchownych
Legal and Criminological Aspects of Sexual Crimes of the Priests
Autorzy:
Wilk, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25806031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
przestępstwa seksualne
duchowni
Kościół
sprawcy
ofiary
sexual crimes
priests
church
perpetrators
victims
Opis:
Artykuł porusza problematykę przestępstw seksualnych duchownych Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego. Zawiera próbę przybliżenia samej skali zjawiska przestępstw seksualnych popełnianych przez duchownych w świetle dostępnych statystyk i literatury, z uwzględnieniem wybranych krajów oraz Polski, jak również wskazania przykładów reakcji Kościoła i państwa na ten problem. Przedstawione są także czynniki kryminogenne przestępczości seksualnej w Kościele, takie jak: tzw. "kultura klerykalna", sam stan duchowny jako czynnik ryzyka, celibat duchownych oraz orientacja homoseksualna sprawców. Opracowanie porusza również prawnokarne aspekty przestępstw seksualnych duchownych, a w szczególności problematykę karalnego zaniechania denuncjacji, co ma szczególne znaczenie w świetle kierowanych pod adresem Kościoła zarzutów o "tuszowanie" przestępstw seksualnych popełnionych przez duchownych lub pomaganie sprawcom w uniknięciu odpowiedzialności.
The article refers to the problem of sexual crimes of Roman Catholic priests. It includes an attempt of estimation of the range of the problem, based on available statistics and literature, as well as examples of reaction to the problem from the Church itself and from the state. The author analyzes potential criminogenic factors of sexual crimes in the Church, such as: the co-called “clerical culture”, the priesthood itself as a risk factor, celibacy of the clergy and homosexual orientation of the perpetrators. The article also describes the criminal law aspects of the problem, especially the punishable omission of denunciation, which is particularly important in the light of accusations of “covering up” sexual crimes by the Church or helping the perpetrators to avoid responsibility.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Karnego; 2022, 6, 1; 1-26
0208-5577
2353-9712
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Karnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
KONTROWERSJE WOKÓŁ UMORZENIA REJESTROWEGO W POLSKIM PROCESIE KARNYM
CONTROVERSIES OVER THE REDEMPTION OF THEREGISTER
Autorzy:
Szataniak, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/443210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas
Tematy:
umorzenie z powodu niewykrycia sprawcy
brak dowodów
niewykrycie sprawcy
dochodzenie
remision due to failure to detect the perpetrator
no evidence
uncovering the perpetrator
investigation
Opis:
Artykuł przedstawia instytucję umorzenia rejestrowego – zarówno ideę jej stworzenia, jak i funkcjonowanie w praktyce. Prezentuje stanowiska jej zwolenników, a także wątpliwości i obiekcje zgłaszane przez krytyków w związku z jej wprowadzeniem. Ukazuje również kontrowersje, jakie pojawiają się nadal wokół tej instytucji, a także jak zmieniała się ona na przestrzeni kilkunastu lat funkcjonowania. Autorka próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytania: Czy wprowadzenie tej instytucji przyniosło spodziewane korzyści, czy zostały osiągnięte cele, które wyznaczono tej nowej regulacji prawnej, czy udało się w drodze kolejnych zmian przepisów prawa wyeliminować jej wady, odnieść się do zarzutów wskazywanych przez jej przeciwników, a także czy stworzenie odrębnej instytucji zapowiadanej jako rozwiązanie podstawowych trudności, z jakimi boryka się przeciążona policja, faktycznie je rozwiązało.
The article presents the institution of redemption of the register - both the idea of its creation and functioning in practice. It presents the positions of its supporters as well as doubts and objections raised by critics in connection with its creation. It also shows the controversy that still arise around this institution, and how it has changed over the past dozen or so years of functioning. The author tries to answer the following questions: whether the introduction of this institution has brought the expected benefits, have the goals that have been set for this new legal regulation been achieved, whether it was possible to eliminate its defects by means of subsequent amendments to the law, refer to the allegations indicated by her opponents, and whether the creation of a separate institution announced as a solution to the basic difficulties faced by the overloaded police, actually solved them.
Źródło:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa; 2019, 1, XIX; 159-171
1644-9126
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podejście salutogeniczne w resocjalizacji. Przegląd koncepcji
The salutogenic approach in social rehabilitation. Concept review.
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, Małgorzata H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087690.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-27
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
podejście salutogeniczne
postępowanie ergotropowe
twórcza resocjalizacja
wieloczynnikowy model gotowości sprawcy
model dobrego życ
Opis:
Podejście salutogeniczne jest jednym z wiodących sposobów myślenia o resocjalizacji.  Kładzie nacisk na podmiotowość osób uczestniczących w procesie resocjalizacji. Nadrzędnym celem interwencji resocjalizacyjnych jest wspomaganie zmian jakie w sposób naturalny dokonują się w życiu jednostki, koncentrując się na posiadanych przez nią potencjałach. Podejście to znajduje odzwierciedlenie w różnych koncepcjach teoretycznych popartych praktyką jak i postulowanych kierunkach interwencji resocjalizacyjnych. Jest to podejście znane także w polskiej myśli resocjalizacyjnej. Celem niniejszego teoretycznego opracowania było omówienie najważniejszych koncepcji resocjalizacji odwołujących się do tej właśnie perspektywy. Zaprezentowane zostały najbardziej znane i poparte badaniami koncepcje: twórczej resocjalizacji, wieloczynnikowego modelu gotowości sprawców oraz model dobrego życia. Wspomniane koncepcje dają możliwość niekonwencjonalnego traktowania oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych, indywidualnego podejścia do każdej osoby wymagającej interwencji resocjalizacyjnych lub terapeutycznych i mogą być inspiracją przy projektowaniu oddziaływań wobec najtrudniejszych kategorii sprawców przestępstw.
The salutogenic approach is one of the leading ways of thinking about rehabilitation. It emphasizes the subjectivity of people participating in the rehabilitation process. The overriding aim of social rehabilitation interventions is to support changes that naturally occur in an individual's life, focusing on their potentials. This approach is reflected in various theoretical concepts supported by practice and the postulated directions of social rehabilitation interventions. This approach is also known in Polish rehabilitation thought. The aim of this theoretical study was to discuss the most important concepts of social rehabilitation referring to this perspective. The most famous concepts supported by research were presented: creative rehabilitation, multifactorial offenders readiness model and the model of a good life. The mentioned concepts give the possibility of unconventional treatment of social rehabilitation interactions, an individual approach to each person requiring social rehabilitation or therapeutic interventions, and may be an inspiration when designing interactions with the most difficult categories of offenders.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2021, 22; 255-271
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieletni sprawcy przestępstw popełnionych pod wpływem alkoholu
Juvenile Perpetrators of Offences Committed Under the Influence of Alcohol
Autorzy:
Krawczyk, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698524.pdf
Data publikacji:
1992
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieletni sprawcy
przestępstwa
alkohol
alkoholizm
badania kryminologiczne
juvenile perpetrators
offences
alcohol
alcoholism
criminological research
Opis:
For many years now, excessive drinking has been among the main symptoms of social pathology in Poland. Also the fact is beyond any doubt that  drinking is strongly related to crime: it is ussually found in over a half of offences known to the police committed by adults. The problem of drinking also plays an important part in the process of juvenile demoralization and delinquency. This fact was noticed by the legislator who, in the Act of October 26, 1982 on proceedings in cases of juveniles, situated drinking among the symptoms of demoralization. Among the juveniles found quality of offences, the proportion of those who drink alcohol is quite large, the offenders’ actual age considered. In recent  years, that proportion has been over 11,0% of all juvenile delinquents. There are also among the juveniles found quality of offences those who committed acts  prohibited by law while under the influence of alcohol. In recent years, the proportion of, such juveniles has been over 5,0% and, shows an upward trend. There is among the excessively drinking juvenile delinquents a decided majority of boys, whose proportion has always been over 91,0% in the last 20 years. The paper reports on a national empirical study of two groups of boys born in 1959. The first group consisted of 100 respondents who committed as juveniles at least one offence while under the influence of alcohol. The other group which also consisted of 100 persons (the control group) were boys selected from among the juveniles delinquents who committed offences but did not drink any alcohol before that act. The source of data on the two groups of respondents were: court files; records of implementation of the educational or corrective measures applied by the court, files of criminal cases for offences committed by those persons as adults; questionnaires sent out to sobering-up stations; as well as standarized interviews with the respondents themselves. The study has shown a number of differences between juveniles who commit offences under the influence of alcohol and the remaining juvenile delinquents. The main such differences are as follows: Different types of delinquency in the broad sense: ‒ offences committed under the influence of alcohol were frequently not the first offences of the examined juveniles (44,0% of cases, as compared to 7,0% in the control group); ‒ such offences were usually committed at the age of 15‒16 (93,0%), that is rather late in the juvenile’s career, at the threshold of statutory age: ‒ the offences committed by the first group were decidedly more aggressive and dangerous for the life and health of their victims than those committed by the control group; ‒ nearly 50,0% of the offences committed under the influence of alcohol were commitied in the streets (control group ‒ 39,3%); ‒ the juveniles who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were acting alone nearly 30 times more often than the remaining juvenile deliquents. In the case of boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol, their state of health, family situation, and ‒ consequently ‒ also scholastic achievements were inferior to those in the control group: ‒ as few as 67,0% of boys in the first group were brought up in complete families (control group ‒ 82,0%); what is more, in 52,3% of those families disturbed functioning was found which was due to: alcoholism, excessive drinking, serious chronic diseases, disablement, mental disorders, delinquency or prostitution of one or both parents; thus as few as about one-third of the families of juveniles who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were fully efficient educational milieu; ‒ 69,0% of the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol were educationally neglected by their parents (control group ‒ 53,0%); ‒ 44,0% of the boys who commiited offences under the influence of alcohol (as compared to 25,0% in the control group) had as children suffered from serious diseases that affected their psycho-physical development, organic lesions or diseases of the central nervous system, or slight or minor degrees of mental deficiency; ‒ 7,0% of the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol did not go to school despite the fact that education is compulsory at their age (control group – 2%), and 58,0% (70,7% of those who did go to school) were educationally retarded by one to four years (control group – 51,0% that is 52,6% of the school-goers); The degree of social maladjustment was much higher in the boys who committed offences under the influence of alcohol: ‒ nearly a half of juveniles in that group were recidivists (44,0%, as compared to as few as 7,0% in the control group); ‒ 65,0% of the boys who drank (that is, by about one-third more than  among all juvenile delinqents) were cigarette smokers, and had started smoking long before their first contacts with alcohol; ‒ although the number of juveniles who ran away from home was similar in both groups, those who committed offences under the influence of alcohol did that more often and frequently drank alcohol while vagrant; ‒ 85,0% of boys in the first group (by about 20,0% more than among all juvenile delinquents) used to run the streets unsupervised, 79,0% with demoralized friends: ‒ as few as 5,0% of juveniles who committed offences under the infleunce of alcohol showed no symptoms of social maladjustment, other than those offences (23,0% among all juvenile delinquents), and at least three such symptoms were found in 69,0% (45,0% among all juvenile delinquents). In sum, the group of boys who had committed offences under the influence of alcohol in childhood was in many respects „worse'', and frequently much „worse'' than the control group selected from among all juvenile delinquents. Such boys would prove worse still were they compared with a representative sample of all Poles born in 1959. The facts discussed above prove the truth of the statement that juveniles who commit offences under the influences of alcohol are a high risk group compared to properly socialized young persons. They should therefore be submitted to special care by the competent agencies, including in particular family courts; however, no evidence of such care could be found in the study.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1992, XVIII; 183-211
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Populizm penalny w polskich tygodnikach opinii
Penal populism in Polish opinion weeklies
Autorzy:
Koncewicz, Marcelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
populizm penalny
prawo karne
niebezpieczni sprawcy
tygodnik opinii
penal populism
criminal law
dangerous offenders
opinion weekly
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie i porównanie populizmu penalnego w polskich tygodnikach opinii na przykładzie kontrowersji wokół ustawy z dnia 22 listopada 2013 r. o postępowaniu wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi stwarzających zagrożenie życia, zdrowia lub wolności seksualnej innych osób. Przedstawione zostały definicje tego zjawiska i przeanalizowany proces jego powstawania. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na działania podejmowane w mediach sprzyjające działaniom populistów penalnych. Ukazano również przykłady polskich regulacji, które noszą znamiona populizmu penalnego. Część badawcza skupia się wokół czterech polskich tygodników opinii – „Newsweeka”, „Polityki”, „Tygodnika Powszechnego” oraz „Do Rzeczy”. Artykuły z tych czasopism zostały przeanalizowane pod kątem tego, jak ukazywane jest w nich prawo, politycy oraz sprawcy przestępstw.
The aim of the paper is to discuss and compare penal populism in Polish weekly magazines as an example of the controversy surrounding the Act of the treatment of psychologically disturbed persons posing a threat to the life, health or sexual integrity of other persons. The phenomenon is defined and the process of its formation is analysed. Particular attention is paid to the actions taken in the media that favour the actions of penal populists. Examples of Polish regulations which indicate the hallmarks of penal populism are also discussed. The research focusses on four Polish weeklies: Newsweek, Polityka, Tygodnik Powszechny and DoRzeczy. Articles from these magazines are analysed in terms of how the law, politicians and dangerous offenders are presented in them.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny; 2022, 29; 47-66
2084-5375
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Kryminologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rodzaje popełnionych przestępstw a różnice osobowościowe ich sprawców
Types of Crimes Committed and Differences in the Personalities of Their Perpetrators
Autorzy:
Stanik, Jan M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
psychologia kryminologiczna
osobowość przestępcy
sprawcy przestępstw
badania sprawców przestępstw
personality of perpetrator
perpetrator
delinquency
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 193-202
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka okazania zestawu zdjęć sygnalitycznych — glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z 14 marca 2019 r., sygn. V kk 11/19 (aprobująca)
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933297.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-04-21
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
okazanie wizerunku
identyfi kacja sprawcy
zeznania świadków naocznych
ocena dowodów
pomyłki sądowe
proces karny
Opis:
W glosowanym orzeczeniu Sąd Najwyższy zajął się zagadnieniem okazania wizerunku, stwierdzając m.in. że na gruncie obowiązujących przepisów brak jest automatyzmu pomiędzy wadliwym przeprowadzeniem okazania a wykluczeniem jego wyników z materiału dowodowego. Tezy rzeczonego orzeczenia generalnie nie nasuwają zastrzeżeń i zasługują na aprobatę. Rozważania Sądu Najwyższego stanowią punkt wyjścia do omówienia przez glosatora problematyki dokonywania oceny wartości dowodowej wyników okazania wizerunku oraz krytycznej analizy dotyczących go przepisów prawnych. W glosie dokonano także przeglądu najnowszej literatury specjalistycznej w przedmiotowym zakresie oraz zaproponowano, na podstawie opisanych w niej wyników badań empirycznych, pożądane zmiany w obowiązującej obecnie procedurze przeprowadzania rozpatrywanej czynności — a wydaje się bowiem zbyt mało precyzyjna i niewystarczająca, aby zapobiegać potencjalnym pomyłkom sądowym.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2020, 140(4); 291-302
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 46

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