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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Estimating solid contaminant levels in beach sands through petrographic analysis, screening evaluation, and optical imaging
    Autorzy:
    Kuś, Sebastian
    Jelonek, Zbigniew
    Jelonek, Iwona
    Sierka, Edyta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311567.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    beach
    optical analysis
    petrographic analysis
    solid pollution
    Opis:
    Determining the level of solid pollution in beach sands located near artificial inland water bodies in order to maintain high safety standards is a difficult and expensive task. The tests aimed at determining beach pollution caused by solid wastes through analysis of toxic and chemical concentrations, are time-consuming and usually require several days before the results are available. In addition, the maintenance of the beach area involving beach raking or grooming, and the seasonal replenishment of sand makes it difficult to realistically determine the chemical or bacterial contamination of the tested material. Solid pollutants, such as glass, caps, cans, thick foil, metal, and plastic fragments, pose a greater health risk to beachgoers. The above-mentioned pollutants, especially small ones, are hardly visible on the surface or they are buried at shallow depths. Beach garbage poses a serious threat that can lead to infections from cuts and scratches. These injuries can become infected, further jeopardizing the health and lives of beachgoers due to risks like tetanus, staphylococcus, etc. The authors presented a new petrographic method aimed at assessing the quality of sand by examining the content of solid pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the mentioned procedure can be used for a quick quantitative estimation of the content of potentially dangerous and undesirable pollutants in beach sands. Consequently, the method implemented to determent the amount of solid pollutants in beach sands has proven to be a valuable tool for recreational facility administrators, helping them in taking necessary measures to ensure the safety of beach users. Petrographic analysis of beach sands revealed the presence of pollutants of plant origin (0.4–1.8%), plastic (0.1–0.4%), paper (0.1–0.6%), charcoal (0.1–0.5%), glass (0.1–0.4%), metals (0.1–0.4%), rust (0.1–0.3%), ash and slag (0.1–0.3%), and fossil coals (0.1–0.2%).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2023, 49, 3; 50--63
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of artificial neural networks for the prediction of the service conditions of an elastohydrodynamic EHL contact in the presence of solid pollutant
    Autorzy:
    Mattallah, Sabrina
    Kelaiaia, Ridha
    Louahem M’Sabah, Hanane
    Kerboua, Adlen
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313819.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2024
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
    Tematy:
    elastohydrodynamic contact
    solid pollution
    artificial neural network
    wear
    Opis:
    Lubricated mechanical mechanisms operate under service conditions influenced by several environmental parameters, and their life times may be threatened due to inappropriate use or by the presence of solid contaminants. The objective of this work is to study the effect of three operating parameters, namely: rotational speed , load and kinematic viscosity in the presence of three sizes of solid contaminants , on the degradation of an EHL contact, to predict the ranges of effects that may lead to the damage of the contacting surfaces. In our investigation, anexperimental design of nine trials is used to combine four factors with three levels each to accomplish the experimental investigation. Artificial neural network regression and the desirability function were used for the interpretation and modelling of the responses, whichare: wear , arithmetic mean height , total profile height and maximum profile height . From these methods we observed that the sand grain sizes have a significant impact on the wear and the roughness , but that viscosity has the primary influence on the variation of the roughnesses and . We also found that the quality of the predicted models is very good, with overall determination coefficients of 2 learning = 0.9985 and 2 validation = 0.9996. Several levels of degradation depending on the operating conditions are predicted using the desirability function.
    Źródło:
    Diagnostyka; 2024, 25, 1; art. no. 2024107
    1641-6414
    2449-5220
    Pojawia się w:
    Diagnostyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Segregation of waste at source reduces the environmental hazards of municipal solid waste in Patna, India
    Autorzy:
    Singh, A.
    Raj, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204624.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    municipal solid waste
    Patna
    environmental pollution
    logistic regression
    Opis:
    Though Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a worldwide problem, the collected wastes are dumped in open dumping at landfilling sites while the uncollected wastes remain strewn on the roadside, many-a-time clogging drainage. Such unsafe and inadequate management of MSW causes spread of bacteria, viruses, particulate matter, dioxins and other harmful pollutants in the surroundings and atmosphere. Hence, due to the repeated exposure of population to these pollutants can lead to serious health problems such as Diarrhea/Dysentery, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and Asthma/Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD). Therefore, two-phase study included secondary data on diseases caused due to environmental pollution and primary data on MSW and lack of MSW management from 127 households in urban Patna, India. The random sampling method was used for collection of primary survey data, conducted during 2015–16 in selected areas of Patna. Logistic regression model odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used to show the strength of the associations among segregation of wastes at source, segregation behavior, collection bins in the area, distance of collection bins from a residential area, and transportation of MSW. The ROC is a statistical technique to validate the logistic regression method that predicts the occurrence of an event through the comparison of probability picture of an event occurrence observed by probability and the predicted probability of the same event. The area under the ROC curve is up to 0.889 extent, which reveals that the ‘segregation of waste at source’ has a very strong scope to accomplish sustainable recycling at urban Patna in order to manage waste with the overall accuracy of 92.126%, which proves a better fi t logistic regression model. Hence, this paper concludes that ‘segregation of waste at source’ helps to attain sustainable recycling which would be the most viable approach to manage MSW in Patna and would eventually reduce environmental pollutants for the public health safety.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2018, 44, 4; 96-110
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Migration of Hazardous Components of Municipal Landfill Leachates into the Environment
    Autorzy:
    Popovych, Vasyl
    Telak, Jerzy
    Telak, Oksana
    Malovanyy, Myroslav
    Yakovchuk, Roman
    Popovych, Nataliya
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124784.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    hydrosphere
    physical properties
    chemical properties
    leachates
    water pollution
    municipal solid waste
    Opis:
    The research on the physical and chemical properties of landfill leachates and migration of its hazardous components into hydrosphere and biosphere is a current problem in the global context. The object of the research is landscape-changing factors of the Lviv municipal landfill (Ukraine). It was defined that the largest part of oil products accumulates in the leachates at the south-western side of the landfill (23.6 mg/dm3) and it is 2.36 times higher than the value of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) (10 mg/dm3); the most saline leachates with chlorides and sulfites are those accumulating at the foot and at the northwestern side; the phosphate content of the investigated leachate samples was the highest at the foot of the landfill and amounted to 12.8 mg/dm3, which exceeds the MPC (10 mg/dm3) by 1.28 times; high concentration of ammonium nitride was discovered in the leachates at the foot (76.1 mg/dm3) and at the northwestern side (46.3 mg/dm3), which exceeds the MPC (30 mg/dm3) by 2.53 and 1.54 times, respectively; the highest indicators of total iron are typical for basins nearby (at the foot – 68.2 mg/dm3, at the northwestern side – 56.3 mg/dm3) and exceed the MPC norms (2.5 mg/dm3) by 27.28 and 22.52 times, respectively. According to certain indicators, the content of hazardous components in the leachates, which accumulate at the foot and at the northwestern side, exceeds the MPC and is several times higher than in the natural basins at the distance of 800 and 1200 m.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 1; 52-62
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of exposure to fungi in the heavily contaminated work environment (a solid waste sorting plant) based on the ergosterol analysis
    Autorzy:
    Kozajda, Anna I.
    Jeżak, Karolina
    Sowiak, Małgorzata
    Gutarowska, Beata
    Szadkowska-Stańczyk, Irena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177184.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-07-17
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    occupational exposure
    bioaerosols
    sterols
    solid waste management plant
    ergosterol
    indoor air pollution
    Opis:
    Objectives This paper reports on the results of the study aimed at application of ergosterol as an quantitative indicator of fungal bioaerosol present in the indoor air in occupational environment heavily contaminated with organic dust as well as its comparison with the culturable method. Material and Methods The study was conducted in the indoor solid waste sorting plant. Using Andersen impactor adapted to 1 plate at the flow rate of 30 l/min, indoor air was sampled in the workers’ breathing zone. Ergosterol was sampled using gelatinous filter (1000 l of air) and then analyzed by means of the spectrophotometric method. Fungi were sampled on malt extract agar (MEA) medium (3 replications: 2 l, 7.5 l, 15 l of air) and analyzed by means of the culturable method. Based on ergosterol analyzes, concentration of fungi was calculated. Results were given as the range assuming min. as 5.1 pg ergosterol/spore and max as 1.7 pg ergosterol/spore. Results The average concentrations of ergosterol in a working room (arithmetic mean (AM), standard deviation (SD); minimum–maximum (min.–max)) were, respectively: 2.16, 0.72; 0.85–2.92 μg/m³; fungi calculated based on ergosterol – 424.1×10³–1272.4×10³, 140.1×10³– 420.4×10³, 167×10³–1716.5×10³ CFU/m³, and culturable fungi – 13×10³, 9.7×10³, 1.9×10³–34×10³ CFU/m³). It was revealed that concentrations of calculated fungi were even 2 orders of magnitude higher than culturable fungi. Conclusions The quantitative assessment of moldiness by means of ergosterol measurement seems to be a reliable indicator for environments heavily contaminated with organic dust, where viable and non-viable fungi are present in high proportions. Based on that result, more restrictive (as compared to a similar assessment carried out by means of the culturable method) hygienic recommendations, especially those related to the use of preventive measures protecting the employees’ respiratory tract, should have been undertaken.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 5; 813-821
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Computing model for simulation of the pollution dispersion near the road with solid barriers
    Autorzy:
    Biliaiev, Mykola
    Pshinko, Oleksandr
    Rusakova, Tetiana
    Biliaieva, Viktoriia
    Sładkowski, Aleksander
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2098117.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
    Tematy:
    automobile transport
    pollution concentration
    solid barrier
    transport samochodowy
    koncentracja zanieczyszczeń
    stała bariera
    Opis:
    In this study, a numerical model is proposed for calculating pollution zones near the road, taking into account the geometry of the automobile transport meteorological conditions, the location of the barriers and their height, and the chemical transformation of nitrogen oxides in the atmospheric air. The numerical solution is based on the integration of the mass transfer equations using the finite-difference method. To determine the components of the air flow velocity vector, a two-dimensional model of the potential flow is used, where the Laplace equation for the velocity potential is the modeling equation. Based on this numerical model, a software package has been developed that allows computational experiments and does not require large expenditures of computer time. Based on the results obtained, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of the use of barriers to reduce the level of air pollution near highways. It has been established that the use of barriers of different heights reduces the level of pollution behind the road by approximately 20-50%.
    Źródło:
    Transport Problems; 2021, 16, 2; 73--86
    1896-0596
    2300-861X
    Pojawia się w:
    Transport Problems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fuel modification based on some metals compounds and their environmental impact
    Autorzy:
    Touray, N.
    Chyc, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93118.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Tarnowie
    Tematy:
    metal
    combustion
    pollution
    air
    solid
    additive
    coal
    petrol
    spalanie
    skażenie
    powietrze
    bryła
    połączenie
    węgiel
    benzyna
    Opis:
    The history of fuel additive use reflects the interplay between chemistry, technology and public health concerns related to environmental effects. Decisions to use specific type of chemical modification during combustion process have been made in the absence of toxicological data on health and environmental effects or exposure. The influence of these important issues has extended globally, and the effects of various compositions impact for decades after the removal of these compounds. Fuel modifications are widely used for petrol, oil and solid fuels. According to market screening and literature review, additives containing some dangerous compounds are still in used today. Pb(C2H5)4 was used for long time as fuel additive and is still used as an additive in some grades of aviation gasoline, and in some developing countries. It is obvious that additives containing copper, lead and cerium should be replaced by organic substitutes or inorganic oxidizers during combustion processes.
    Źródło:
    Science, Technology and Innovation; 2018, 2, 1; 1-6
    2544-9125
    Pojawia się w:
    Science, Technology and Innovation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ochrona powietrza przed zanieczyszczeniami – dotychczasowe działania nie dają pożądanej poprawy
    Protecting Air Against Pollution – Previous actions do not bring a desired improvement
    Autorzy:
    Gorczyca, Mariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416451.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-04
    Wydawca:
    Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
    Tematy:
    air protection
    air pollution
    air protection system
    solid fuels
    air quality plan
    particulate matter
    benzo(a)pyrene
    Opis:
    The article presents the findings of the audit related to prevention of water pollution with nitrate compounds coming from farms. The audit was conducted at the initiative of NIK and was a continuation of NIK’s attempts to assess the extent to which Poland complied with the obligations related to environmental protection, stemming from our accession to the European Union. The audit was dedicated to such issues as, among others, mapping waters that are sensitive to pollution with nitrate compounds coming from farms, and the areas that are most threatened with this risk; the programmes aimed at limiting the outflow of nitrate compounds from farming – with regard to their contents and implementation; the supervision and control over the activities related to preventing waters form pollution with nitrates and their effectiveness; as well as the measures aimed at providing financial support to farms for having them comply with the requirements of the nitrate directive.
    Źródło:
    Kontrola Państwowa; 2019, 64, 2 (385); 123-138
    0452-5027
    Pojawia się w:
    Kontrola Państwowa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Własności popiołów lotnych pochodzących ze spalania odpadów przemysłowych i medycznych i ich wpływ na środowisko
    Properties of fly ash derived from burning of industrial and medical waste and their impact on the environment
    Autorzy:
    Czech, T.
    Krupa, A.
    Jaworek, A.
    Marchewicz, A.
    Sobczyk, A. T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/401553.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    odpady medyczne
    odpady elektroniczne
    spalanie
    popioły lotne
    metale ciężkie
    zanieczyszczenie środowiska
    hospital solid waste
    electronic solid waste
    fly ash
    heavy metals
    environmental pollution
    bottom ash
    battery waste
    Opis:
    Celem pracy jest zbadanie potencjalnych zagrożeń dla środowiska jakie niesie ze sobą spalanie szczególnie niebezpiecznych odpadów przemysłowych oraz medycznych. Wśród wielu odpadów, które w sposób kontrolowany poddawane są spalaniu, specyficznymi odpadami są odpady medyczne i odpady elektroniczne, które wymagają odrębnego traktowania ze względu na ich skład chemiczny. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się duże zainteresowanie możliwością wykorzystania obróbki termicznej do procesu degradacji odpadów przemysłowych oraz medycznych. Jakkolwiek metody termicznej utylizacji odpadów specyficznych należą do metod bezpiecznych i przyjaznych dla środowiska a spalanie umożliwia zmniejszenie objętości składowanych odpadów, to pozostaje jednak problem zarówno składowania uzyskanych popiołów jak i problem usuwania powstających związków lotnych i popiołów lotnych które przyczyniają się do zanieczyszczenia atmosfery. Odrębnym problemem jest odzyskiwanie z popiołów dennych i lotnych deficytowych składników np. złota, miedzi czy też metali ciężkich i ziem rzadkich. Obecność tworzyw sztucznych pochodzących np. z opakowań powoduje, że w czasie spalania do atmosfery przedostają się opary chloru, dioksyn, furanów oraz związki metali ciężkich, dodawanych do spalanych materiałów w postaci barwników czy składników PCV. popiół denny po spaleniu odpadów medycznych zawiera głównie związki wapnia, chloru, krzemu i aluminium w postaci tlenków, soli, zaś popiół lotny charakteryzuje się dużą zawartością chloru i metali ciężkich.
    Specific, with respect to their treatment during incineration, are the medical and electronic solid wastes because of their chemical composition different from the municipal solid wastes. Although existing methods of thermal incineration of those specific wastes are safe and environmental-friendly, the problem of disposals of those fly ashes and recovery of deficit elements such as gold, copper, heavy metals or rare elements from them is still unsolved. Plastics, derived, for example, from packages, cause additional emission of chlorine compounds, dioxins, furans, or heavy metal compounds, which are added as colorants or PVC additives. Properties of fly ashes collected from dust removal devices installed in a medical waste incinerator, electronic waste incinerator, and after an installation for dangerous wastes utilization (HCB contaminated soil) in rotary drum furnace have been compared in this paper.
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2017, 18, 3; 1-13
    2081-139X
    2392-0629
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria Ekologiczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zero waste: an innovation for less polluting emission processes, resource management practices and policies
    Autorzy:
    Ekanem, C.H.
    Ekanem, H.E.
    Eyenaka, F.D.
    Isaiah, E.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11311.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    waste reduction
    innovation
    pollution
    emission process
    resource management
    management practice
    management policy
    greenhouse gas
    climate change
    municipal solid waste
    biodegradation
    Opis:
    The rising levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth‟s atmosphere have the potential to cause changes in our climate. Some of these emission increases can be traced directly to solid waste. Landfills are among the largest emitters of carbon dioxide and methane, the key GHGs. Thus, effective mitigation of these emissions through formalization of waste reduction into the waste management system to reduce land filling could provide environmental benefits of reducing the adverse impacts of climate change. This paper therefore proposes waste prevention and recycling-jointly referred to as waste reduction as better and most potent strategies for the management of solid waste and for reducing greenhouse gases and calls on both the government and private agencies to check or control the increasing pollution or abuse of the environment by enforcing compliance with the laid out Policies, Pronouncements, Regulations and enacted Legislation especially in the developing countries. The study concludes that by choosing to prevent waste and recycle, less waste will be generated, the need for landfill will be minimal, energy demand will decrease, fewer fossil fuels will be burned and less methane and carbon dioxide will be emitted to the atmosphere which helps to curb climate change.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2013, 05
    2300-9675
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Powstawanie, przenoszenie i szkodliwość bioaerozoli emitowanych do powietrza atmosferycznego
    Transmission and harmfulness of bioaerosols released into the air
    Autorzy:
    Michałkiewicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/237345.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
    Tematy:
    bioaerosol
    aerosol formation
    transmission of aerosols
    air pollution
    municipal facilities
    sewage treatment
    solid waste disposal
    bioaerozol
    powstawanie aerozoli
    przenoszenie aerozoli
    zanieczyszczenie powietrza
    obiekty komunalne
    oczyszczanie ścieków
    zagospodarowanie odpadów
    Opis:
    Problematyka zanieczyszczenia powietrza atmosferycznego ma coraz większe znaczenie we współczesnym świecie. Wśród dyscyplin naukowych wyodrębniła się nawet aerobiologia, która jest interdyscyplinarną nauką zajmującą się badaniem mikroorganizmów i materiałów biologicznych związanych z powietrzem atmosferycznym, w tym ich uwalnianiem do atmosfery, transportem, rozprzestrzenianiem, depozycją, a także wpływem na rośliny, zwierzęta i ludzi. Do najczęściej analizowanych cząstek biologicznych w powietrzu należą bakterie, grzyby, wirusy, pyłki roślin, toksyny i alergeny, gdyż stanowią one największą część bioaerozolu znajdującego się w powietrzu. Odgrywają one szczególną rolę w wyjaśnieniu etiologii, patogenezy i mechanizmów szerzenia się wielu epidemii, w których ważną rolę odgrywa powietrze, a szczególnie bioaerozol, mogący zawierać drobnoustroje chorobotwórcze lub substancje o działaniu alergicznym i toksycznym. Mając to na uwadze, w pracy omówiono powstawanie, przenoszenie oraz szkodliwość aerozoli biologicznych, które powstają w takich obiektach komunalnych, jak oczyszczalnie ścieków czy zakłady przetwarzania odpadów. W tej grupie wyróżnia się aerozole pierwotne i wtórne, natomiast ze względu na źródło emisji mogą być one pochodzenia naturalnego i antropogenicznego. Bioaerozole składają się głównie z cząstek o wielkości od około 0,001 µm do 250 µm. Ponieważ biorą one udział w rozprzestrzenianiu się patogenów i łatwo przenikają do układu oddechowego ludzi i zwierząt, dlatego w ostatnich latach zanotowano wzrost zainteresowania tymi cząstkami. W badaniach procesu powstawania aerozoli i bioaerozoli zwraca się uwagę na mechanizm pękania pęcherzyków powietrza przemieszczających się w cieczy i wynoszenia do atmosfery bioaerozolu znajdującego się w błonie pęcherzyka i na granicy faz ciecz-powietrze. Cząstki aerozolu wynoszone do atmosfery ulegają bezpośredniej sedymentacji lub utrzymują się w powietrzu i są przenoszone przy udziale wiatru nawet na znaczne odległości. Depozycja cząstek bioaerozolu może być sucha lub mokra i wzrasta wraz z ich wielkością. Ważną rolę w procesie unoszenia i transportu niektórych bioaerozoli odgrywa kształt i obecność komór powietrznych. Podkreśla się, że potencjalnym źródłem szkodliwych bioaerozoli w powietrzu są głównie oczyszczalnie ścieków i zakłady przeróbki odpadów, w których powstają aerozole zawierające patogenne bakterie, grzyby i toksyny, a skład i wielkość danego bioaerozolu ma znaczący wpływ na jakość powietrza w ich sąsiedztwie. Ponieważ bioaerozole mogą być emitowane do otaczającego powietrza na różnych etapach oczyszczania ścieków, są one najczęściej badaną grupą czynników szkodliwych i uciążliwych występujących w sąsiedztwie tych obiektów, niestety brakuje w Polsce znowelizowanych przepisów dotyczących mikrobiologicznego zanieczyszczenia powietrza.
    Nowadays, problems of atmospheric air contamination become increasingly important. Aerobiology, an interdisciplinary science has even developed to study microorganisms and biological materials related to the atmospheric air, including their release to the atmosphere, transport, distribution, deposition as well as effects they have on plants, animals and humans. The biological molecules most often analyzed in the air include bacteria, fungi, viruses, plant pollens, toxins and allergens as they constitute the largest bioaerosol fraction in the air. They play a special role in explaining etiology, pathogenesis and spread mechanisms of many epidemics where the air and specifically bioaerosol play an important role as carrying pathogens, toxins or allergens. With this specifically in mind, the paper discusses the process of formation, transmission and harmfulness of bioaerosols originating from such municipal facilities as wastewater treatment plants or solid waste processing facilities. Primary and secondary bioaerosols may be distinguished in this group, whereas based on the emission source, they may be of natural and anthropogenic origin. The bioaerosol molecules range from 0,001 μm to 250 μm. Due to their role in the spread of pathogens and ease with which they enter the respiratory system of humans or animals, a notably increased interest in these molecules could be observed during recent years. In their research on aerosol and bioaerosol formation process, authors focus on the bursting mechanism of the air bubbles passing through a liquid and release of bioaerosols located in the membrane, and on the liquid-air interface, into the atmosphere. The aerosol particles released into the atmosphere undergo direct sedimentation or remain in the air, where they are transported by wind even over considerable distances. Deposition of aerosol particles may be dry or wet and increases with the particle size. Presence of aeration chambers and their shape play an important role in the release of some bioaerosol particles into the air and their transport. It is emphasized that potential sources of harmful bioaerosols in the air include mainly municipal objects (wastewater treatment and solid waste processing plants), where aerosols carrying pathogenic bacteria, fungi and toxins are generated, while composition and concentration of a given bioaerosol has a significant impact on air quality in the vicinity of such objects. As bioaerosols may be emitted to the surrounding air at different stages of the wastewater treatment, they are the most commonly studied group of hazardous and bothersome agents occurring in the vicinity of treatment plants. Unfortunately, there is a lack of revised regulations in place regarding the microbial air contamination in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Środowiska; 2018, 40, 4; 21-30
    1230-6169
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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