Temat: soil amendment - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Effects of Biochar Addition on Vermicomposting of Food Industry Sewage Sludge
Autorzy:: Świątek, Jakub
Spitzer, Tadeáš
Grobelak, Anna
Kacprzak, Małgorzata
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125338.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: vermicomposting
biochar
sewage sludge
soil amendment
Opis:: Sewage sludge (SS) is a byproduct of wastewater treatment which is commonly used as fertilizer in the world. However, due to the possible contamination with heavy metals, xenobiotics and fecal pathogens, its application on fields is not so common in Poland. A safer alternative for agricultural use is the SS produced by food industry in small „inhouse” wastewater treatment plants, as substances that are used in its production are usually less harmful. As pretreatment of industrial wastewater is required before dumping the wastewater into common stream, the SS is an abundant byproduct that needs to be managed in an environmentally friendly and cost effective manner. Because the water content in SS is usually high, the dosage and logistics are problematic and thus we propose converting the sewage sludge into solid granular fertilizer in the vermicomposting process. Not only are the weight and volume of product decreased as a result, but also the nutrients such as N, P, and K become concentrated and made more accessible for plants. The SS is also further stabilized and less prone to produce odors and becoming putrid. The aim of this study was the in-depth analysis of the SS process vermicomposting with biochar. The SS was acquired from a local soft drink factory wastewater treatment plant. The batches of SS were inoculated with 20% mature vermicompost and E. fetida worms. Instead of typical bulking agents (like woodchips or straw) powdered biochar was used in the concentrations of 5, 10 and 15% as it exhibits beneficial influence on the process and increase the value of the final product.
Źródło:: Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 3; 36-45
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Effect of Application of Soil Amendments on the PAHs Level in the Fire-Affected Forest Soil
Autorzy:: Martínez Barroso, Petra
Winkler, Jan
Oulehla, Jan
Vaverková, Magdalena Daria
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068471.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: burnt soil
PAH
soil amendment
biochar
compost
bentonite
rhizoremediation
Opis:: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are introduced to the environment from anthropogenic and natural sources. The most significant natural source of PAH are wildfires and volcanic eruptions. The PAHs occurring in the soil mostly bind to the root system of plants. Phytodegradation, specifically rhizospheric degradation, can reduce the PAH levels in soil with the help of plants roots. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of soil amendments on the PAHs level in the burnt soil (BS). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of application of soil amendments (compost, biochar, and bentonite) on the PAHs level after performing experiment with two grass species (Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra). Biochar and compost turned out to be the most effective amendments, regardless of the used grass species. Phytomanaged BS without added amendments also demonstrated the potential for PAH dissipation, but only in the case of Festuca rubra. It has been proven that the application of soil amendments together with the test grass species induced important changes in the BS properties (alteration of soil pH with related change of Kow of individual PAHs; root system on which soil microorganisms thrive) which evoked an increased bioavailability of PAHs.
Źródło:: Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 3; 26--38
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Food Waste – Challenges and Approaches for New Devices
Autorzy:: Maxianová, Alžbeta
Jakimiuk, Aleksandra
Vaverková, Magdalena Daria
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839171.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: food waste disposal
waste destructor
end product
soil amendment
waste circulation
Opis:: Food waste has recently received attention due to its environmental, economic and social impacts. Final processing of food waste encounters a number of technical challenges, arising from weak physical structure of food waste with weak porosity, high content of water, and low carbon-to-nitrogen relation. This study deals with the research of food waste processing in households by using an automatic device. The main objective of the study was to assess the toxicity of the end-product produced by an automatic device. The research included 10 experiments. The input foundation consisted of common food waste generated in household kitchens. Following its processing, the end-product was tested in a pot experiment for the germination capacity and biomass increase in different concentrations. The end-product was mixed with the reference soil in concentrations 5/95, 30/70, 50/50 (tested/reference substrate). The testing included three different plant species, i.e. Sinapis alba L., Hordeum vulgare L. and Cannabis sativa L. The germination capacity of plants and their increase in biomass were evaluated after 21 days. The increase in biomass was monitored by using the Before-After-Control-Impact method. The plants developed much better without the end-product additive to the soil substrate than with its small addition. The best germination capacity in the case of end-product addition was observed in the concentration ratio 30/70 in all plants. In spite of this, the highest increase in biomass was recorded in the concentration ratio 5/95. This might have caused the occurrence of mould in the pots. The test shows that the end-product made of food waste is toxic to plants; therefore, it is not recommended for direct application as a soil amendment.
Źródło:: Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 3; 231-238
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Biochar from residual biomass in Turkey, and possibility of return to the soil: an estimation of the supply and demand
Autorzy:: Kutlu, Ozben
Kocar, Gunnur
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148758.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017-09
Wydawca:: Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: biochar
torrefaction
slow pyrolysis
soil amendment
soil taxonomy of Turkey
agriculture
crop residues
Opis:: The aim of the study was to analyse the potential of production and utilization of biochar as a marketable product in agriculture for Turkey. Towards this aim, the distribution of ar- able land, crop residues and soil types of Turkey were identified. The biochar production potential was evaluated depending on prominent residual biomass streams in Turkey. In addition, how much biochar would be needed for arable soil types found in Tur- key was estimated according to previous studies which investi- gated the effect of biochar on similar soil taxonomy and/or plant grown. Total crop production is focused on southern, western and central Anatolia, although the arable lands of Turkey prevail in seven regions. The residues of wheat, barley, corn and cotton stalk, tea, banana, hazelnuts and forest were found to be higher than other residuals in different regions and they could be suitable for biochar production. Furthermore, it was highlighted that the low water holding capacity of soil, alkalinity, salinity and soil pollution impeded the crop productivity. Although, the biochar produced from prominent residues was one-fiftieth less than that of total estimated amount of biochar needed for arable soils, it ob- viously improves the plant growth and soil characteristics, when used together with fertilizer, especially for zonal and intrazonal soils. At this point, it could be focused on the long-term field ex- periments due to determine the special and productive addition rate of biochar for Turkey, and biochar addition to the soil could be channelled into threatened priority arable lands by the public authorities.
Źródło:: Polish Journal of Agronomy; 2017, 30; 10-24
2081-2787
Pojawia się w:: Polish Journal of Agronomy
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Improving biological control of stalk borers in sugarcane by applying silicon as a soil amendment
Autorzy:: Nikpay, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66617.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: biological control
stalk borer
Sesamia
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
sugar-cane
silicon
soil amendment
Telenomus busseolae
Opis:: The sugarcane stalk borers, Sesamia spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are the most destructive sugarcane insect pests in Iran. The efficiency of Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) used alone or in combination with silicon fertilization was investigated for controlling the sugarcane stalk borers under field conditions. The treatments were: a combination of silicon plus multiple releases of 2,500 T. busseolae, and multiple releases of 5,000, 2,500 and 1,250 T. busseolae alone. Plots receiving no soil amendment or parasites were included as the controls. Three weeks after the first application of each treatment, 100 shoots were selected randomly from each plot and the percentage of dead heart was determined. Then, three months after the first application of parasites, the percentage of stalks damaged, the percentage of internodes bored, and the level of parasitism were determined. Finally, at harvest the percentage of stalks damaged, the percentage of internodes bored, and sugarcane quality characteristics were determined. Results indicated that the efficiency of parasitism increased when combined with an application of silicon fertilizer. The release of 2,500 T. busseolae followed by an application of silicon fertilizer decreased dead hearts to 4%, while 12% dead hearts was observed in the control plots. For the combination treatment, the percentages of stalk damage were 1.5% and 17.2%, at 3 weeks and 3 months after time release, respectively. However, the percentages of stalk damage were 35.2% and 51% when no treatment was applied. Cane quality was significantly higher with the application of silicon fertilizer plus the release of 2,500 T. busseolae, followed by releasing 5,000 Hymenoptera. The level of parasitism was also greater when parasites were released in combination with an application of silicon. We conclude that biological control by egg parasitoids can be enhanced with concurrent applications of silicon fertilizer as a soil amendment and thereby creating a more robust, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program of stalk borers in Iranian sugarcane fields.
Źródło:: Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2016, 56, 4
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Silicon control of bacterial and viral diseases in plants
Autorzy:: Sakr, N.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66155.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: silicon control
bacterial disease
viral disease
plant disease
biochemical defence
foliar spray
physical defence
soil amendment
Opis:: Silicon plays an important role in providing tolerance to various abiotic stresses and augmenting plant resistance against diseases. However, there is a paucity of reports about the effect of silicon on bacterial and viral pathogens of plants. In general, the effect of silicon on plant resistance against bacterial diseases is considered to be due to either physical defense or increased biochemical defense. In this study, the interaction between silicon foliar or soil-treatments and reduced bacterial and viral severity was reviewed. The current review explains the agricultural importance of silicon in plants, refers to the control of bacterial pathogens in different crop plants by silicon application, and underlines the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance. A section about the effect of silicon in decreasing viral disease intensity was highlighted. By combining the data presented in this study, a better comprehension of the complex interaction between silicon foliar- or soil-applications and bacterial and viral plant diseases could be achieved.
Źródło:: Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2016, 56, 4
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Comparative effectiveness of biochar derived from tropical feedstocks on the adsorption for ammonium, nitrate and phosphate
Autorzy:: Zou, Ganghua
Shan, Ying
Dai, Minjie
Xin, Xiaoping
Nawaz, Muhammad
Zhao, Fengljang
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203133.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: nutrients
soil amendment
adsorption model
biochars
tropical feedstock
składniki odżywcze
model adsorpcji
odżywianie gleby
biowęgle
surowce tropikalne
Opis:: Biochar has been extensively studied as a soil amendment to reduce nutrients losses. However, the comparative effectiveness of biochar adsorption capacity for ammonium (NH4 -N), nitrate (NO3 -N), and phosphate (PO4-P) remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of feedstock (banana stem and coconut shell) and temperature (300, 500, and 700°C) on biochar adsorption ability for NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P were investigated and fitted by three adsorption models, viz Freundlich, Langmuir, and linear. Freundlich (R2 = 0.95–0.99) and Langmuir (R2 = 0.91–0.95) models were found suitable for adsorption of NH4 -N. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) for coconut shell biochar increased with pyrolysis temperature (Qm = 12.8–15.5 mg g-1) and decreased for banana stem biochar (Qm = 12.9–9.7 mg g-1). In the case of NO3 -N adsorption, Freundlich (R2 = 0.82–0.99) and linear model (R2 = 1.00) were found suitable while Langmuir model showed much less contribution, similarly adsorption of PO4-P, was not supported by these three models. The minimum concentrations required for adsorption of phosphate were recorded as 36, 8, and 3 mg L-1 using pyrolyzed biochar at the temperatures of 300, 500, and 700°C, respectively. These results indicate that the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature, as well as aquatic nutrient concentration, were important factors for the adsorption of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus.
Źródło:: Archives of Environmental Protection; 2022, 48, 4; 25--34
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:: Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Heavy metal accumulation in various tissues of radish (Raphanus sativus) grown under different ratios of organic amendments
Autorzy:: Papadaki, A.A.
Ladomenou, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/12676379.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:: plant cultivation
radish
Raphanus sativus
vegetable
root vegetable
plant yield
plant tissue
heavy metal
heavy metal accumulation
soil pollution
soil amendment
sewage sludge
compost
Opis:: Root vegetables have greater risk of metal contamination from compost application to soil than other horticultural crops. Moreover, soil organic amendments pose potential environmental hazards. The objective of the present study was to examine the heavy metal uptake in different tissues (petiole, blade, skin, pulp) of Raphanus sativus exposed to organic amendments doses. The impact of the above materials on heavy metal concentration of the soil and plant development parameters were also evaluated. A pot experiment was established with eight treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design and four replicates. Co-compost of sewage sludge and olive wastes at 100, 200, 300 m3 ha–1, composted olive leaves, olive tree pruning wastes, olive mill pomace and poultry manure at 100, 200 m3 ha–1, commercial liquid organic fertilizer at 50 Kg ha–1 with or without inorganic NPK fertilization and a no fertilizing control, were applied to plants. The results showed that sewage sludge application strongly increased the yield and improved radish size cultivated in silt loam soil. The edible radish part had the lowest Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Cr content, whereas the highest Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr was found in the blade and increased Fe, Ni, Pb were recorded in the skin. Organic treatments gave higher Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn amount in both aerial plant tissues compared to the control soil, while Ni, Pb, Cr of all the radish parts were not affected by treatments. This study suggested that organic amendments application gave low permissible levels of all metal content in radish tissues and increased radish productivity. Therefore, organic materials used herein can be applied for normal plant growth without metal contamination of the plant and the soil.
Źródło:: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus; 2019, 18, 4; 193-201
1644-0692
Pojawia się w:: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Effect of Waste Rock Wools on the Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Yield and Some Soil Parameters
Oddziaływanie odpadów wełny mineralnej na plonowanie jęczmienia jarego (Hordeum vulgare L.) i niektóre właściwości gleby
Autorzy:: Kovácik, P.
Wiśniowska-Kielian, B.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/388666.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: wełny mineralne(bazalt)
poprawa właściwości gleby
substancje ulepszające glebę (nawozy pośrednie)
jęczmień jary
rock(basalt) wools
soil amendment
indirect fertilizers (soil amended materials)
spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Opis:: The effect of two recycled waste rock wools (Nobasyp and Agrodrap) on the yield parameters of spring barley and some agrochemical soil parameters nas been studied in a pot trial conducted in a vegetation cage located at the SAU in Nitra (48°18' N, 18°05' E) on the Kaplic Luvisol (25 kg soil per pot). Achieved results have shown that the application of both kinds of rock wool had a positive but not statistically significant effect on the grain and straw yield of spring barley. The Nobasyp effect on the yield was more positive than the one of Agrodrap. Combined application of Nobasyp (20 Mg o ha^-1) and NPK fertilizers resulted in the highest grain and straw yields. On the other hand, combined application of Agrodrap and NPK fertilizers (under the use of both doses - 10 and 20 Mg o ha^-1) was not well-founded, because the yields achieved by interactive effect of NPK fertilizers and Agrodrap were lower than the ones achieved by solely use of NPK fertilizers. The rock wool + NPK fertilizers application inhibited the negative effect of nitrogen on increase of crude protein content and the decrease of starch in the barley grain. Both kinds of rock wool significantly increased the cation exchange capacity, madę the soil lighter, moderately increased pH of the soil and have had a positive effect on the total carbon content and the organie matter quality. The positive effect of Nobasyp on quantitative and qualitative parameters of spring barley and some soil parameters enables Nobasyp to be accepted not as a waste product but as a soil remediate substance, or an indirect fertilizer.
W doświadczeniu wazonowym, prowadzonym w hali wegetacyjnej Słowackiego Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Nitrze (48° 18' N, 18°05' E), założonym na glebie płowej (25 kg gleby w wazonie) badano oddziaływanie dwóch odpadów wełny mineralnej (Nobasyp i Agrodrap) na parametry plonu jęczmienia jarego i niektóre agrochemiczne parametry gleby. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że stosowanie obydwóch rodzajów wełny mineralnej miało pozytywny, ale statycznie nieistotny wpływ na plon ziarna i słomy jęczmienia jarego. Wpływ Nobasypu na plon był bardziej widoczny niż ten wywołany przez Agrodrap. Łączne zastosowanie Nobasypu (20 Mg o ha^-1) oraz nawozów NPK skutkowało największymi plonami ziarna i sfomy. Z drugiej strony, łączne stosowanie Agdrapu oraz nawozów NPK (w obydwu zastosowanych dawkach - 10 i 20 Mg - ha^-1) nie było w pełni uzasadnione, ponieważ plony uzyskane w wyniku wzajemnego działania nawozów NPK i Agrodrapu były mniejsze niż te uzyskane po użyciu wyłącznie nawozów NPK. Stosowanie wełny mineralnej i nawozów NPK łagodziło ujemny wpływ azotu, który powodował wzrost zawartości białka surowego i obniżanie zawartość skrobi w ziarnie jęczmienia. Obydwa rodzaje wełny mineralnej znacząco zwiększały kationową pojemność wymienną, czyniły glebę bardziej pulchną, umiarkowanie podnosiły wartość pH gleby oraz miały pozytywny wpływ na ogólną zawartość węgla i jakość materii organicznej. Pozytywne oddziaływanie Nobasypu na ilościowe i jakościowe parametry jęczmienia jarego oraz niektóre parametry gleby umożliwia jego uznanie za substancję ulepszającą glebę lub nawóz pośredni, a nie jako produkt odpadowy.
Źródło:: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2009, 16, 5/6; 589-597
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Effect of some amendments on leachate properties of a calcareous saline-sodic soil
Autorzy:: Yazdanpanah, N.
Pazira, E.
Neshat, A.
Naghavi, H.
Moezi, A.
Mahmoodabadi, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25580.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:: leachate property
soil
salinity
sodicity
leachate
organic amendment
gypsum
mineral amendment
Źródło:: International Agrophysics; 2011, 25, 3
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:: International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Short-term effects of spent coffee grounds on the physical properties of two Mediterranean agricultural soils
Autorzy:: Cervera-Mata, A.
Martin-Garcia, J.M.
Delgado, R.
Parraga, J.
Sanchez-Maranon, M.
Delgado, G.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082515.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:: organic amendment
soil aggregate stability
soil water retention
soil aggregate size
SEM images
Opis:: We investigated the short-term effects of spent coffee grounds on the physical properties of two Mediterranean agricultural soils (Calcisol and Luvisol). The in vitro assay was performed with two spent coffee grounds doses (60 and 240 Mg ha-1), two incubation times (30 and 60 days) and two modalities: with and without lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia). Spent coffee grounds addition increased water retention at -33 and -1500 kPa, and decreased bulk density and plant-available water content. With spent coffee grounds, the percentage of macroaggregates increased, the percentage of meso- and microaggregates decreased and the structural stability of all types of aggregates increased. The stereomicroscopy images showed that: the structural aggregates were rounded, the porosity increased by 316%, the structure was ordered into smaller aggregates, the incorporation of spent coffee grounds particles could occur in intraped cracks and spent coffee grounds particles could act as a binding agent. Scanning electron microscopy also showed that spent coffee grounds particles interacted with mineral particles and integrated into soil structure; moreover, fungal hyphae also developed on many spent coffee grounds particles. If spent coffee grounds effects are compared with those described in the literature for other organic amendments, the same trend was observed in most of the soil physical properties although with a different intensity, principally with regard to structural stability.
Źródło:: International Agrophysics; 2019, 33, 2; 205-216
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:: International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Effectiveness of straw mulch on infiltration, splash erosion, runoff and sediment in laboratory conditions
Wpływ pokrycia gleby ściółką na infiltrację, erozję rozbryzgową, spływ i rumowisko określony w warunkach laboratoryjnych
Autorzy:: Gholami, L.
Banasik, K.
Sadeghi, S. H.
Khaledi Darvishan, A.
Hejduk, L.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/293080.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:: mulch
organic amendment
soil and water conservation
soil moisture
splash erosion
erozja rozbryzgowa
materiał organiczny
ochrona wody i gleby
ochronne działanie ściółki
wilgotność gleby
Opis:: Mulches have extraordinary potential in reducing surface runoff, increasing infiltration of water into the soil and decreasing soil erosion. The straw mulches as a biological material, has the ability to be a significant physical barrier against the impact of raindrops and reduce the detachment of soil aggregates. The present study is an attempt to determine the efficiency of straw mulch as conservation treatment in changes in the splash erosion, time-to-runoff, runoff coefficient, infiltration coefficient, time-to-drainage, drainage coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss. The laboratory experiments have been conducted for sandy-loam soil taken from deforested area, about 15 km of Warsaw west, Poland under lab conditions with simulated rainfall intensities of 60 and 120 mm·h^–1, in 4 soil moistures of 12, 25, 33 and 40% and the slope of 9%. Compared with bare treatments, results of straw mulch application showed the significant conservation effects on splash erosion, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss and significant enhancement effects on infiltration and drainage. The results of Spearman-Rho correlation showed the significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation with r = –0.873, 0.873, 0.878 and 0.764 between rainfall intensity and drainage coefficient, downstream splash, sediment concentration and soil loss and with r = –0.976, 0.927 and –0.927 between initial soil moisture content and time-to-runoff, runoff coefficient and infiltration coefficient, respectively.
Ściółka ze słomy może znacząco zmniejszać spływ powierzchniowy, powodując zwiększenie wsiąkania wody oraz zmniejszając erozję gleby. Ściółka jako materiał organiczny jest barierą redukującą także energię kinetyczną kropel deszczu, zmniejszając odspojenie i ograniczając transport agregatów glebowych. W prezentowanych badaniach podjęto próbę określenia wpływu ściółki ze słomy, jako środka ochronnego, na erozją rozbryzgową, czas do wystąpienia spływu, współczynnik spływu, koncentrację rumowiska i ilość zmywanej gleby. Doświadczenia laboratoryjne przeprowadzono w odniesieniu do piaszczystej gliny, pobranej z miejsca wylesionego, około 15 km na zachód od Warszawy, w symulowanych warunkach natężenia deszczu wynoszącego 60 i 120 mm·h^–1, wilgotności początkowej gleby 12, 25, 33 i 40% oraz spadku powierzchni 9%. Porównując te wyniki z wynikami doświadczenia przeprowadzonego w tych samych warunkach z glebą pozbawioną ściółki, wykazano znaczący wpływ redukujący w odniesieniu do erozji rozbryzgowej, współczynnika odpływu, koncentracji rumowiska i ilości zmywanej gleby oraz znaczący wpływ zwiększający wsiąkanie i odpływ podpowierzchniowy.
Źródło:: Journal of Water and Land Development; 2014, 22; 51-60
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Effects of sawdust amendment on forest soil fungal community and infestation by cockchafers
Autorzy:: Kwasna, H.
Malecka, M.
Sierota, Z.
Jaworski, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41429.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:: sawdust amendment
Scotch pine
pine wood
forest soil
fungi community
infestation
cockchafer
larva
Melolontha melolontha
forest cockchafer
Melolontha hippocastani
Opis:: Effects of Scots pine wood amendment on the fungal community in forest soil infested with cockchafers and foraged or non-foraged by wild boars and hares were investigated. We hypothesized that sawdust amendment would increase the abundance of entomopathogenic and insect-associated species effective in cockchafer predation. The soil dilution method and morphotyping were used for fungal isolation and identification in order to quantify and qualify the viable components of the microbiota that are important for evaluating soil functions. There was usually increased abundance and decreased diversity of soil fungi one year after sawdust amendment. Application of pine sawdust more often increased than decreased the abundance of some insect-associated fungi or dermatophytes and keratinophilic species and decreased the number of cockchafer larvae. Abundance of Geomyces pannorum, Mortierella spp. + M. luteus, Pseudogymnoascus roseus, Tolypocladium inflatum and Trichoderma koningii increased, at least locally, whilst Chrysosporium merdarium, Penicillium spp. (including the most common P. citrinum, P. daleae and P. janczewskii), Sporothrix schenckii and Trichoderma spp. decreased. Application of pine sawdust under roots of 1-year-old Scots pine seedlings significantly increased the abundance of Phoma + Pyrenochaeta spp. in neighbouring soil, thus increasing the risk from Phoma blight. Trichoderma strigosum was among the dominants (frequency >5%). Another six and two Trichoderma species were among the subdominants (frequency 1–5%) and subrecedents (frequency <1%), respectively. Dermatophytes, coprophilous and keratinophilic species, e.g. Cephalotrichum, Chrysosporium merdarium or S. schenckii, occurred only or mostly in foraged plots. The altered communities resulting from pine sawdust amendment may contribute to biological control of the cockchafer larvae.
Źródło:: Dendrobiology; 2016, 75
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:: Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Możliwości wykorzystania biowęgla w procesie kompostowania
Potential applications of biochar for composting
Autorzy:: Malińska, K.
Dach, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/401090.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: biowęgiel
kompostowanie
materiał strukturotwórczy
dodatek funkcjonalny
sekwestracja węgla w glebie
emisje gazowe
biochar
composting
bulking agent
functional amendment
carbon sequestration in soil
gaseous emissions
Opis:: Biowęgiel – określany jako biokarbon czy też agrikarbon – posiada zbliżone właściwości co węgiel drzewny, jednakże wskazuje na jego zastosowania w rolnictwie i ochronie środowiska. Był on już stosowany w XIX wiecznych uprawach rolniczych w Europie i Ameryce Południowej. Obecnie, właściwości biowęgla są odkrywane na nowo, a nowe obszary zastosowań obejmują bioenergetykę, gospodarkę odpadami czy łagodzenie zmian klimatycznych. Biowęgiel może być również wykorzystany do sekwestracji węgla w glebie, remediacji gruntów zanieczyszczonych organicznymi i nieorganicznymi związkami. Biowęgiel może być produkowany na drodze pirolizy różnorodnych materiałów takich jak np. rośliny energetyczne, odpady leśne, biomasa rolnicza, osady ściekowe, odpady z produkcji i przetwórstwa żywności itp. W zależności od początkowych właściwości substratów i parametrów pirolizy biowęgle charakteryzują się różnymi właściwościami takimi jak zawartość węgla organicznego i związków mineralnych, wysoka porowatość i powierzchnia właściwa, a co za tym idzie właściwości sorpcyjne i retencja składników odżywczych. Ostatnie badania wskazują, że biowęgiel może być wykorzystywany również w procesie kompostowania i do produkcji kompostów i nawozów na bazie biowęgla. Biowęgiel może być stosowany jako materiał strukturotwórczy lub dodatek do odpadów o wysokiej zawartości wody i/lub azotu. Dodatek biowęgla do mieszanek kompostowych może ograniczyć emisję amoniaku, i tym samym ograniczyć straty azotu ogólnego podczas kompostowania oraz zwiększyć wodochłonność i retencję składników odżywczych. Co więcej, biowęgiel może pełnić funkcję nośnika dla mikroorganizmów oraz stanowić składnik złoża biofiltrów na kompostowniach. Literatura nie podaje zbyt wielu przykładów wykorzystania biowęgla do kompostowania, stąd wiedza na temat wpływu dodatku różnych rodzajów biowęgla do mieszanek kompostowych na dynamikę procesu oraz właściwości otrzymanych kompostów wymaga uzupełnienia i pogłębienia. Z tego względu niezbędne będzie przeprowadzenie badań nad rolą biowęgla w przebiegu procesu kompostowania oraz właściwościami kompostów z dodatkiem biowęgla. Artykuł przedstawia dotychczasowy stan wiedzy na temat właściwości biowęgla przydatnych w kompostowaniu, wpływu różnych rodzajów biowęgla na dynamikę procesu kompostowania odpadów biodegradowalnych oraz wskazanie kierunków dalszych badań dotyczących możliwości wykorzystania poznanych właściwości biowęgla do optymalizacji kompostowania.
Biochar - also referred to as biocarbon, agrichar - shows similar properties as charcoal but indicates applications for agriculture and environment protection. Biochar was applied in the 19th century agriculture practices in Europe and South America. At present, the properties of biochar are being, redescovered and new areas of applications include production of bioenergy', waste management or mitigation of climate change. Also, it can be used for sequestration of carbon in soils, remediation of soil contaminated with organic and inorganic compounds. Biochar can be produced through pyrolysis of a wide range of feedstock materials including energy crops, forestry residues, agricultural biomass, sewage sludge, food processing waste, etc. Depending on the initial properties of substrates and parameters of pyrolysis biochars can demonstrate various properties such as high content of stable organic carbon and minerals, high porosity and surface area, and thus increased sorption and nutrient retention properties. Recent studies show that biochar can be also used in com posting and production of biochar-based composts and fertilizers. Biochar can fw1ction as a bulking agent or an amendment for com posting of materials with high moisture and: or nitrogen contents. The addition of biochar to com posting mixtures can reduce ammonia emissions, and thus limit nitrogen losses during com posting, increase water holding capacity and retention of nutrients. Biochar can also function as a carrier substrate for microbial inoculants and a scrubing material used in biofilters at com posting facilities. Due to the fact that the literature does not provide many examples of biochar applications for composting, and there is little known about the effects of biochar added to com posting mixtures on composting dynamics and properties of final composts, futher investigations should focus on mechanisms of biochar-composting mixtures interactions and analysis of properties of biochar-based composts. The overall goal of the article is to analyze the potentials of biochars for composting, to report the effect of various biochars on com posting dynamics and quality of produced biochar-based composts, and to indicate the areas of further studies on biochar properties that would allow optimization of com posting and improve the quality of final products.
Źródło:: Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2014, 36; 28-39
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:: Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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