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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of salivary alpha amylase activity in smokers with periodontitis, Khartoum state, 2023
    Autorzy:
    Abd Alwhab Awad Allah, Fatima
    Elrheima Ahmed, Hafsa Ahmed
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    alpha-amylase
    periodontitis
    saliva
    smokers
    Opis:
    Introduction and aim. Smoking widely affect oral health, including its role in the development of periodontitis. Saliva contains an antioxidant system and various enzymes. The study was designed to evaluate the activity of salivary alpha amylase among individuals who smoke and have periodontitis. Material and methods. A total of 100 participants were included, with 50 cases (cigarette smokers with periodontitis) and the remaining 50 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium as the control group. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary alpha amylase activity. Results. Smokers with periodontitis had significantly higher levels of salivary alpha amylase compared to the control group(177.96±14.5 vs 94.04±19.6 IU/mL, p<0.001). Additionally, there was a weak negative correlation between the level of alpha amylase and the age of the patients (p=0.01, r=0.376). However, no correlation was found between the level of alpha amylase and the duration of smoking (p=0.584, r=0.079). Conclusion. There is a significant increase in salivary alpha amylase levels among smokers with periodontitis. No correlation was found between age and salivary alpha amylase levels. However, a weak positive correlation was observed between the duration of smoking and salivary alpha amylase activity.
    Źródło:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; 2023, 4; 692-695
    2544-2406
    2544-1361
    Pojawia się w:
    European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An assessment of unstimulated salivary flow rate, IgA and clinical oral dryness among active and passive smokers
    Autorzy:
    Nigar, Seeme
    Hassan, Sobia
    Maqsood, Afsheen
    Ahmed, Naseer
    Al-Askar, Mansour
    Mokeem, Sameer A.
    Alqutub, Montaser N.
    Aldahian, Nada
    AlSagob, Eman I.
    AlMubarak, Abdulrahman A.
    Vohra, Fahim
    Abduljabbar, Tariq
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085673.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-02-15
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    IgA
    xerostomia
    passive smokers
    active smokers
    salivary flow rate
    oral dryness
    Opis:
    ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on the whole salivary flow rate (SFR), IgA levels and clinical oral dryness (COD) among active and passive smokers.Material and MethodsThe participants were categorized as active smokers (N = 54) or passive smokers (N = 163). Saliva was collected in tubes and placed in ice storage at –70°C. Salivary IgA levels were assessed in duplication using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Following the saliva sample collection, the subjects were assessed for COD using the COD score, SFR and caries. Chi-square test, the t-test and ANOVA were employed to compare the clinical impact of the smoking status associated with specific variables (smoking status, number of cigarettes, active caries, gender, age, COD score, IgA level and SFR). A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsTwo hundred and seventeen subjects with the mean age of 32.86±6.30 years, with 145 males (66.8%) and 72 females (33.2%), were included in the study. Among the active smokers, 88.8% were males compared to 11.2% females. The active smokers had the mean age of 32.52 years, a COD score of 1.43, an IgA level of 1.39 g/l, and a SFR of 0.37 ml/min. Among the passive smokers, 59.5% were males and 40.5% were females, with the mean age of 32.97 years, a COD score of 0.87 g/l, an IgA level of 1.47, and a SFR of 0.42 ml/min. Active caries showed a positive correlation with the number of cigarettes, with significance in the >35 years age group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study demonstrated significant differences in SFR, IgA and COD scores among the active and passive smokers. The number of cigarettes had a negative impact on saliva production, IgA levels, the oral health status, and the progression of caries with respect to age and gender. Smoking potentially leads to xerostomia associated with active caries.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 1; 39-51
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Discovery of epidosites in the Mount Ślęża ophiolite (Fore-Sudetic Block, SW Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Klukowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060355.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    epidosites
    Mount Ślęża ophiolite
    black smokers
    hydrothermal alteration
    Opis:
    The first suite of epidosite from the Central Sudetic Ophiolites has been discovered in the sheeted dyke complex of the Mount Ślęża ophiolite (SW Poland). Epidosites from the Mount Ślęża ophiolite represent A-type epidosites which metasomatically replaced diabasic sheeted dykes of the Strzegomiany–Kunów Fe-Ti mineralisation zone. They form decimetre-scale elongated pistachio-green patches or veins within single dykes. Their composition (quartz + epidote + titanite) is analogue to Troodos ophiolite end-member epidosite of Cyprus. The pistacite content of epidote range from Ps16 to Ps31 and is similar to those from other ophiolitic epidosites. Titanite is low in Al2O3 (0.61 to 1.10 wt.%) and Fe2O3 (0.43 to 0.63 wt.%) and high in V2O5 (from 0.22 to 0.47 wt.%). The presence of epidosites in the Mount Ślęża ophiolite can be considered as an evidence of its supra-subduction zone (SSZ) affinity. Finally, a direct link between the epidosite formation and the release of base metals from its protolith (Cu, Zn and Co) indicates the possibility of the Cyprus-type volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit (VMS) formation in the Mount Ślęża ophiolite.
    Źródło:
    Geological Quarterly; 2017, 61, 1; 99--105
    1641-7291
    Pojawia się w:
    Geological Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Melatonin reverses the enhanced oxidative damage to membrane lipids and improves skin biophysical characteristics in former-smokers - a study in postmenopausal women
    Autorzy:
    Sagan, Dorota
    Stępniak, Jan
    Gesing, Adam
    Lewiński, Andrzej
    Karbownik-Lewińska, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987005.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    smoking
    former-smokers
    never-smokers
    postmenopausal women
    oxidative stress
    lipid peroxidation
    skin biophysical
    characteristics
    sebum
    moisture
    elasticity
    Opis:
    Introduction and objective. Protective antioxidative effects of melatonin have been repeatedly documented in experimental and clinical studies. One of the most spectacular exogenous prooxidative agents is cigarette smoking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation; LPO) in blood serum, and in epidermis exfoliated during microdermabrasion collected from former-smokers who were treated with melatonin. Materials and Method. The study was performed in postmenopausal women. Ninety (90) female volunteers, aged 46–67 years, were enrolled. Two major groups, i.e. never-smokers (n=44) and former-smokers (n=46), were divided into: Control, melatonin topical skin application, Restructurer (containing antioxidants) topical skin application, and melatonin oral treatment. Microdermabrasion was performed at point ‘0’, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks of treatment. The following parameters were measured: LPO in blood serum, LPO in epidermis exfoliated during microdermabrasion, and skin biophysical characteristics, such as sebum, moisture, elasticity, and pigmentation. Malondialdehyde+4-hydroxyalkenals level (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. Results. Melatonin oral treatment significantly reversed the increased serum LPO level in former-smokers already after 2 weeks of treatment. In a univariate regression model, LPO blood level constituted the only independent factor negatively associated with melatonin oral treatment. After 4 weeks of treatment, melatonin given orally increased skin sebum, moisture and elasticity levels, and melatonin applied topically increased sebum level. Conclusion. Exogenous melatonin reverses the enhanced oxidative damage to membrane lipids and improves skin biophysical characteristics in former-smokers.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2017, 24, 4
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Smoke-free policies and non-smokers’ reactions to SHS exposure in small and medium enterprises
    Autorzy:
    Sivri, Calliopi
    Lazuras, Lambros
    Rodafinos, Angelos
    Eiser, John R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179068.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    non-smokers’ assertiveness
    smoke-free workplace
    attitudes
    SHS exposure
    Opis:
    Introduction: Non-smoker employees can significantly improve the existing smoke-free policies in the workplace by asserting their right for smoke-free air and confronting smoker colleagues. The aim of the study was to assess the psychological and social drivers of non-smokers' readiness to assert their right for smoke-free air in the workplace. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six small-and-medium enterprises (SME) with diverse background were randomly selected, and 284 employees agreed to participate in the study. Our study focused on the responses of 85 non-smokers (M age = 34 years, SD = 7.98, 84.2% worked in indoor offices). A cross-sectional design was used and participants completed a structured anonymous questionnaire assessing background and demographic characteristics, and psychosocial predictors of assertiveness intentions. Results: Although more than half of non-smokers reported they were often/almost always bothered by exposure to SHS, roughly one third of them reported having asked their colleagues not to smoke at work. Regression analysis showed that the effects of distal predictors (i.e. annoyance due to SHS exposure) were mediated by past behaviour, attitudes (protection motivation beliefs), social norms, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: Health beliefs related to SHS exposure, and concerns about workplace health and job performance, social norms and self-efficacy can increase the assertiveness of non-smokers in workplace settings. Related campaigns should focus on communicating normative messages and self-efficacy training to empower non-smoker employees to act assertively towards protecting their smoke-free rights.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2013, 26, 6; 940-948
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of the minimum wage on smoking-related indicators in selected OECD countries
    Autorzy:
    Rigelsky, Martin
    Ivankova, Viera
    Gavurova, Beata
    Mudrik, Martin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444413.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    smoking addiction
    smokers
    minimum wage
    economic development
    OECD countries
    Opis:
    Research background: The amount of the minimum wage is, in some sense, an indicator of the economic level of a country. There are considerable differences in this indicator between the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). At the same time, the minimum wage is also an instrument that largely regulates people's behaviour and affects different areas of life. Purpose of the article: The objective of this study is to determine the relations between the minimum wage and individual smoking-related indicators in a sample of selected OECD countries (16 countries). The study answers the question of whether people in countries with lower minimum wages (lower development) smoke more than in countries with higher minimum wages. Methods: Four variables entered into the analytical processing, the minimum wage, daily smokers (age 15+), daily smokers (age 15-24) and tobacco consumption in grams per capita (age 15+). The data were collected between 2011 and 2017. The analysis was carried out in three steps ? descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis. Findings & Value added: It has been found that the minimum wage negatively affects smoking and tobacco consumption, i.e. in developed countries, where the minimum wage is higher, people smoke less. Regarding the evaluation of minimum wage and tobacco consumption, countries such as Austria, New Zealand or the United States can be considered positive. On the other hand, opportunities for improvement can be seen in countries such as the Czech Republic, Spain, Estonia and Israel. The study highlights the importance of the effect of the minimum wage on selected smoking-related indicators in selected OECD countries. In all three cases, there was a negative relation; therefore, smoking can be expected to decrease, if the minimum wage is increased.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2020, 15, 3; 439-461
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ostatni papieros i tytoniowa wróżba, czyli kilka uwag o folklorze palaczy
    Last Cigarette and Tobacco Fortune Telling, or a Few Comments about the Smokers’ Folklore
    Autorzy:
    Gołębiowska-Suchorska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790726.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-08-13
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    folklor palaczy
    zakazy
    dowcipy
    strategie obronne
    smokers’ folklore
    prohibitions
    jokes
    defense strategies
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań nad stosunkiem do palenia tytoniu odzwierciedlonym w folklorze współczesnych palaczy. Materiał badawczy stanowiły dane zebrane metodą wywiadu w latach 2017-2019 w Bydgoszczy i okolicznych miastach. Zakres tematyczny wyników prezentowanych w niniejszym artykule zawężono do znajomości przez osoby palące (aktualnie lub w przeszłości) małych form słownych (powiedzenia, zakazy, dowcipy) odnoszących do choroby nowotworowej, przesądów, przepowiedni oraz papierosów elektronicznych. Wyodrębniono strategie obronne palaczy wobec zagrożeń chorobą nowotworową, m.in. humor, przekora, idealizacja.
    This article aims to present the results of research on the attitude to smoking reflected in the folklore of modern smokers. Research material included data collected by the interview method in 2017-2019 in Bydgoszcz and nearby cities. Thematic scope of the results presented in this article has been narrowed down to smokers’ knowledge (currently or in the past) of small verbal forms (sayings, prohibitions, jokes) regarding cancer, superstitions, prophecies and electronic cigarettes. There were identified smokers’ defense strategies against cancer threats, including humor, perversity, idealization.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2020, 68, 7; 85-99
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The level of effectiveness of Polish legislation relating to health protection against the consequences of tobacco use
    Autorzy:
    Zajdel-Całkowska, Justyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116547.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-17
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    tobacco
    legal regulations
    health protection
    tobacco use
    tobacco addiction
    protection of non-smokers
    Opis:
    The purpose of this work is to analyze the regulatory environment for tobacco use, with particular reference to changes made in the last 10 years. An attempt was made to answer the question of the extent to which the regulatory environment has a real impact on the achievement of the objective set out in the existing legal provisions, which is to protect the health and rights of the persons concerned. An analytical method was used in the work to assess the application of legal principles. A method of analyzing the current line of jurisprudence was also used. In the process of final evaluation of public utilities, certain functional methods were used. The assessment was subjected to Polish law, within the scope of the currently binding Act on Health Protection Against the Consequences of Using Tobacco and Tobacco Products of 1995. The study states that the provisions of this Act are only a formal guarantee of protection. The liability arising from the application of its standard is illusory because the procedure for imposing penalties is ineffective. The pursuit of any property claims related to violation of the rights of related entities, as envisaged in this Act, is complicated. This does not apply to a case which is not affected by the decision.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 5; 599-610
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Perceived cessation treatment effectiveness among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers
    Autorzy:
    Milcarz, Marek
    Kaleta, Dorota
    Bąk-Romaniszyn, Leokadia
    Polańska, Kinga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161965.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-07-15
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    rural area
    socially disadvantaged smokers
    level of smoking
    perceived treatment effectiveness
    smoking cessation counseling
    beliefs
    Opis:
    Objectives The aim of the current study was to assess the perceived treatment effectiveness and beliefs with respect to the best advisor who could conduct smoking cessation treatment or counseling among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers. This could be crucial for implementation of a successful smoking cessation intervention among this vulnerable population. Material and Methods The current assessments were based on the data collected during the second wave of a cross-sectional study performed in the Piotrkowski District among 1668 adults aged 18–59, entitled to social aid from welfare institutions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect the relevant data. Results The current daily smoking status was declared by 31% of the participants. About 23% of the study sample (74% of daily smokers) admitted to being heavy smokers with a meaningful difference between men and women (p < 0.05). About 29% of the daily smokers indicated that medications/pharmacotherapy could be a good method for giving up the habit. Fifteen percent of the participants shared the opinion that a smoking cessation specialist is the best advisor for counseling, and only about 7% would choose a general practitioner or pharmacist, and even fewer a nurse, as a person who could provide help to smokers. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the evaluated perceptions between the light and heavy smokers (p > 0.05). Conclusions A high share of heavy smokers among socially disadvantaged people, and their perception that medications/pharmacotherapy would be a good solution to quit smoking, underline the need for stronger support for this method, including relevant financing resources and training. However, this method should be applied along with behavioral counseling. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):527–36
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2019, 32, 4; 527-536
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ sześciomiesięcznej systematycznej aktywności fizycznej na mikrokrążenie skórne osób palących papierosy mierzone za pomocą laserowej przepływometrii dopplerowskiej
    Effects of regular six-months physical activity on cutaneous microcirculation in smoking individuals measured by laser Doppler flowmetry
    Autorzy:
    Szyguła, R.
    Szczegielniak, J.
    Dybek, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261360.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Wydział Podstawowych Problemów Techniki. Katedra Inżynierii Biomedycznej
    Tematy:
    laserowa przepływometria dopplerowska
    mikrokrążenie skórne
    systematyczna aktywność fizyczna
    palacze papierosów
    laser Doppler flowmetry
    skin microcirculation
    regular physical exercises
    nicotine smokers
    Opis:
    Wstęp. Znany jest szkodliwy wpływ palenia papierosów na układ krążenia, jednak zaburzenia naczyniowe u czynnychi biernych palaczy wydają się w pewnym stopniu odwracalne. Dlatego też celem pracy jest zbadanie wpływu 6-miesięcznego systematycznego wysiłku fizycznego na mikrokrążenie skórne nałogowych palaczy mierzone za pomocą laserowej przepływometrii dopplerowskiej. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 34 zdrowych ochotników, mężczyzn, 18 osób niepalących, 16 osób palących przynajmniej 4 lata co najmniej 20 papierosów dziennie. Żaden badany nie uprawiał wcześniej systematycznie aktywności fizycznej. Badani uczestniczyli w 6-miesięcznym treningu tlenowym na cykloergometrze rowerowym. Trening odbywał się trzy razy w tygodniu po 45 min. Badani pedałowali z obciążeniem 50-70% VO2max, z częstotliwością obrotów 60/min. Każdy trening aerobowy uzupełniono treningiem anaerobowym. Pomiar mikrokrążenia skórnego wykonano za pomocą laserowego przepływomierza dopplerowskiego Perifluks 4001 firmy Perimed (Szwecja). Oceniano przepływ spoczynkowy, reakcję hyperemiczną, hypertermiczną i ortostatyczną mikrokrążenia skórnego. Analizowano częstotliwość sygnałów otrzymywanych drogą laserowej przepływometrii dopplerowskiej w przedziale od 0,01 HZ do 2 Hz podczas przepływu podstawowego. Wyniki. Stwierdzono różnice w badanych parametrach pomiędzy grupą kontrolną a palącymi (grupa kontrolna: przepływ podstawowy - 12,93 ± 6,34 PU; zero biologiczne - 2,81 ± 0,37 PU; reakcja hyperemiczna - 171,42 ± 101,86 PU; reakcja hypertermiczna - 229,07 ± 129,4 PU; reakcja ortostatyczna - 54%; pułap tlenowy - 36,54 ± 6,32 ml kg min-1. Odpowiednio w grupie palących: przepływ podstawowy - 10,39 ± 2,66 PU; zero biologiczne - 2,63 ± 0,87 PU; reakcja hyperemiczna - 149,33 ± 48,48 PU; reakcja hypertermiczna - 193,85 ± 49,4 PU; reakcja ortostatyczna - 48,3%; pułap tlenowy - 32,42 ± 4,6 ml kg min-1). Po 6 miesiącach systematycznej aktywności fizycznej palących badane parametry kształtowały się na poziomie: przepływ podstawowy - 13,64 ± 3,86 PU; zero biologiczne - 2,76 ± 0,54 PU; reakcja hyperemiczna - 155,26 ± 38,98 PU; reakcja hypertermiczna - 200,1 ± 34,45 PU; reakcja ortostatyczna - 52,7%; pułap tlenowy - 38,75 ± 10,87 ml kg min-1. Analiza częstotliwości sygnału dopplerowskiego wykazała istotnie zwiększoną aktywność śródbłonka oraz istotnie mniejsze oscylacje współczulne w grupie niepalących oraz poprawę tych parametrów po treningu. Wnioski. 1. Wartości przepływu podstawowego oraz prowokowanych reakcji przekrwiennych są wyższe w grupie osób niepalących w stosunku do osób palących, co może świadczyć o ujemnych skutkach działania dymu tytoniowego na skórne łożysko naczyniowe. 2. 6-miesięczny systematyczny trening tlenowo-beztlenowy palaczy przyniósł poprawę wartości charakteryzujących funkcjo-nowanie mikrokrążenia skórnego.
    Introduction. The harmful effects of active or passive smoking on the circulatory system are widely known, however, vascular disorders seem to be partially reversible. Therefore, the aim of the study was the examination of the influence of six month systematic physical exercises on the skin microcirculation of heavy smokers, measured by means of laser Doppler flowmetry. Material and methods. 34 healthy volunteers men, 18 nonsmokers, 16 smokers from at least 4-years, with at least 20 cigarettesa day, took part in the test. All individuals did not performed any physical activities prior the test. The 6-month oxygen training on a bike ergometer was administered, three times a week and lasted 45 min. The subjects were performing with a load of 50-70% VO2max, at a 60/min revolution frequency. Each aerobic training was compensated with some anaerobic exercises. The skin microcirculation was measured with the laser Doppler flowmeter Perifluks 4001, Perimed (Sweden). The rest flow was studied, as well as skin microcirculation hyperemic reactions, hyperthermal and orthostatic ones. The frequencies of the Doppler signals received were analyzed in the 0,01 to 2 Hz span during the basic flow. Results. Some differences in the tested parameters between the control group and the smokers were found (control group: rest flow - 12,93 ± 6,34 PU; biological zero - 2,81 ± 0,37 PU; hyperemic reaction - 171,42 ± 101,86 PU; hyperthermic reaction - 229,07 ± 129,4 PU; orthostatic reaction - 54%; maximal minute oxygen uptake - 36,54 ± 6,32 ml kg min-1. Respectively in the group of smokers: rest flow - 10,39 ± 2,66 PU; biological zero - 2,63 ± 0,87 PU; hyperemic reaction - 149,33 ± 48,48 PU; hyperthermic reaction - 193,85 ± 49,4 PU; orthostatic reaction - 48,3%; maximal minute oxygen uptake - 32,42 ± 4,6 ml kg min-1). After 6 months of systematic physical activity of the smokers, the tested parameters were on the level of: rest flow - 13,64 ± 3,86 PU; biological zero - 2,76 ± 0,54 PU; hyperemic reaction - 155,26 ± 38,98 PU; hyperthermic reaction - 200,1 ± 34,45 PU; orthostatic reaction - 52,7%; maximal minute oxygen uptake - 38,75 ± 10,87 ml kg min-1. The analysis of the Doppler signal frequency revealed a significant increase of endothelium activity and a significant decrease of sympathetic oscillations within the non-smokers group and an improvement of these parameters after the training phase. Conclusions. 1. Basic flow values and hyperaemia provoked reactions are higher in the non-smokers group in relation to the smokers group, what may indicate negative effects of tobacco smoking on the skin vascular bed. 2. 6-month systematic aerobic-anaerobic training of the smokers improved the values of the skin microcirculation functioning.
    Źródło:
    Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna; 2009, 15, 3; 218-222
    1234-5563
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tobacco’s Appeal to the Senses and the Early Modern Smoker’s Still Life
    Autorzy:
    Saviello, Julia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1788554.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-13
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    (history of) tobacco
    (history of) tobacco smoking
    smoker’s still life (toebakje)
    smell
    taste
    sensory interaction
    allegories of the senses
    Opis:
    Smell and taste – of the five senses these are the two most strongly stimulated by smoking tobacco. The article presents an in-depth analysis of the reflection of both these forms of sensory perception in textual and visual sources concerning the early consumption of the herb. In a first step, tobacco’s changing reception, first as medicine and then as stimulant, is traced through the years of its increasing distribution in Europe, starting in the middle of the 16th century. As this overview reveals, at that time the still little known substance gave rise to new forms of sense perception. Following recent studies on smell and gustation, which have stressed the need to take into account the interactions between these senses, the article probes the manifold stimulation of the senses by tobacco with reference to allegorical representations and genre scenes addressing the five senses. The smoking of tobacco was thematized in both of these art forms as a means of visualizing either smell or taste. Yet, these depictions show no indication of any deliberate engagement with the exchange of sense data between mouth and nose. The question posed at the end of this paper is whether this holds true also for early smoker’s still lifes. In the so-called toebakjes or rookertjes, a subgenre of stilllife painting that, like tobacco, was still a novelty at the beginning of the 17th century, various smoking paraphernalia – such as rolled or cut tobacco, pipes and tins – are arrayed with various kinds of foods and drinks. Finally, the article addresses a selection of such smoker’s still lifes, using the toebakje by Pieter Claesz., probably the first of its kind, as a starting point and the work by Georg Flegel as a comparative example. Through their selection of objects, both offer a complex image of how tobacco engages different senses.
    Źródło:
    Ikonotheka; 2019, 29; 123-150
    0860-5769
    Pojawia się w:
    Ikonotheka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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