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Tytuł:
1.28 Tbps DWDM optical network design using a dispersion compensating distributed Raman amplifier over S-band
Autorzy:
Gul, Baseerat
Ahmad, Faroze
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
dense wavelength division multiplexing
conventional single mode fibre
optical signal to noise ratio
stimulated Raman scattering
S-band
dispersion compensating fibre
Opis:
A 100 km long dense wavelength division multiplexed optical network design with a capacity of 1.28 Tbps is proposed in this paper. The novelty of this work is the use of a dispersion compensating fibre as a Raman amplifier in the S-band for a high-capacity dense wavelength division multiplexing network. The transmission is accomplished auspiciously in the wavelength range from 196 THz to 202. 35THz. The coupling of a Raman amplifier made the realisation of the S-band possible in the network, as the erbium-doped fibre amplifier is competent for amplification in C- and L-bands only. Further, a pump coupler is used for multiple pumping to enlarge the gain spectrum for a high-capacity optical network. The performance analysis of the network is carried out systematically in terms of bit error rate (BER), eye diagram, Q-factor, and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). The results demonstrate that the proposed set-up shows adequately low BER, sufficient Q-factor values, wide eye-opening, and commendable OSNR for all receiving channels.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, 2; art. no. e146104
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An evaluation of the impact of shot and receiver lines spacing on seismic data quality – the Wierzbica 3D AGH seismic experiment
Autorzy:
Barmuta, Jan
Korbecka, Monika
Hadro, Piotr
Pieniądz, Krzysztof
Stefaniuk, Michał
Dzwinel, Krzysztof
Buniak, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
seismic data interpretation
signal-to-noise ratio
seismic attributes
Opis:
An attempt was made to describe the quality of the stacked seismic data semi-quantitatively with respect to the spacing of shot and receiver lines. The methods used included: signal-to-noise ratio calculation, seismic-to-well tie accuracy, wavelet extraction effectiveness and reliability of semi-automated interpretation of seismic attributes. This study was focused on the Ordovician-Silurian interval of the Lublin Basin, Poland, as it was considered as a main target for the exploration of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits. Our results reconfirm the obvious dependency between the density of the acquisition parameters and data quality. However, we also discovered that the seismic data quality is less affected by the shot line spacing than by comparable receiver line spacing. We attributed this issue to the fact of the higher irregularity of the shot points than receiver points, imposed by the terrain accessibility. We have also proven that the regularity of receiver and shot point distribution is crucial for the reliable interpretation of structural seismic attributes, since these were found to be highly sensitive to the acquisition geometry.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2020, 46, 2; 93-108
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Inclusive Performance Analysis of Single-branch Single-relay AF Transmission in a Mixed Rayleigh-Nakagami-m Fading Environment
Autorzy:
Benmahmoud, Slimane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
amplify-and-forward (AF)
decode-and-forward (DF)
two/dual-hop relaying
outage probability
ergodic capacity
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Opis:
In this paper, the end-to-end performance of a single-branch two-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network in a mixed Rayleigh-Nakagami-m fading environment, is investigated. Four different fading scenarios and three standard relay configurations for each scenario are considered. Exact analytical expressions for the outage probability and tight upper bounds for the ergodic capacity are derived. Results of Monte Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of the analytical results.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2019, 3; 39-48
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analytical review and study on multipath routing protocols
Autorzy:
More, Shivaprasad
Naik, Udaykumar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
multipath routing protocol
Peak Signal to Noise Ratio
geographic routing protocol
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
proactive routing protocol
Opis:
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) constitute a promising technology for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). VANET are highly dynamic in their nature because of the movements of vehicles, which are acting as nodes. The routing protocol must be designed for dealing with multiple limiting conditions, like link failures, handoffs, and long congestion periods, which is very challenging. The survey of different routing protocols in VANET provides a significant information for building smart ITS. Accordingly, the present survey is devoted to the existing distinct multipath routing protocols. This review article provides a detailed account on 50 research papers, presenting the different kinds of multipath routing protocols, namely proactive routing protocols, ad-hoc-based routing protocols, Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), hybrid routing protocols, as well as geographic routing protocols. Besides the classification and cursory description, the present study addresses also several of the important parameters, like evaluation metrics, implementation tool, publication year, datasets utilized, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and packet end-to-end delay with respect to various techniques considered. Eventually, the research gaps and issues of various multipath routing protocols are presented with the intention of pointing out directions for future research.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2020, 49, 4; 369-391
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ARL-Wavelet-BPF optimization using PSO algorithm for bearing fault diagnosis
Autorzy:
Ahsan, Muhammad
Bismor, Dariusz
Manzoor, Muhammad Arslan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27322619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
signal-to-noise ratio
asymmetric real Laplace wavelet
bandpass filter
particle swarm optimization
spectral kurtosis
fault frequency
Opis:
Rotating element bearings are the backbone of every rotating machine. Vibration signals measured from these bearings are used to diagnose the health of the machine, but when the signal-to-noise ratio is low, it is challenging to diagnose the fault frequency. In this paper, a new method is proposed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio by applying the Asymmetric Real Laplace wavelet Bandpass Filter (ARL-wavelet-BPF). The Gaussian function of the ARL-wavelet represents an excellent BPF with smooth edges which helps to minimize the ripple effects. The bandwidth and center frequency of the ARL-wavelet-BPF are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Spectral kurtosis (SK) of the envelope spectrum is employed as a fitness function for the PSO algorithm which helps to track the periodic spikes generated by the fault frequency in the vibration signal. To validate the performance of the ARL-wavelet-BPF, different vibration signals with low signal-to-noise ratio are used and faults are diagnosed.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2023, 33, 3; 589--606
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chinese Syllable and Phoneme Identification in Noise and Reverberation
Autorzy:
Peng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
syllable identification
phoneme identification
noise
reverberation time
signal-to-noise ratio
Opis:
Chinese is a tonal language, which differentiates it from non-tonal languages in the Western countries. A Chinese character consists of an initial, a final, and a tone. In the present study, the effects of noise and reverberation on the Chinese syllable, initial, final, and tone identification in rooms were investigated by using simulated binaural impulse responses through auralization method. The results show that the syllable identification score is the lowest, the tone identification score is the highest, and the initial iden- tification scores are lower than those of the final identification under the same reverberation time and signal-to-noise ratio condition. The Chinese syllable, initial, and final identification scores increase with the increase of signal-to-noise ratio and decrease of the reverberation time. The noise and reverberation have insignificant effects on the Chinese tone identification scores under most room acoustical environ- ments. The statistical relationship between the Chinese syllable articulation and phoneme articulation had been experimentally proved under different noise and reverberation conditions in simulated rooms.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2014, 39, 4; 483-488
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chinese Word Identification and Sentence Intelligibility in Primary School Classrooms
Autorzy:
Peng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
speech identification
reverberation time
signal-to-noise ratio
classroom
speech transmission index
children
Opis:
The Chinese word identification and sentence intelligibility are evaluated by grades 3 and 5 students in the classrooms with different reverberation times (RTs) from three primary school under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The relationships between subjective word identification and sentence intelligibility scores and speech transmission index (STI) are analyzed. The results show that both Chinese word identification and sentence intelligibility scores for grades 3 and 5 students in the classroom increased with the increase of SNR (and STI), increased with the increase of the age of students, and decreased with the increase of RT. To achieve a 99% sentence intelligibility score, the STIs required for grades 3, grade 5 students, and adults are 0.71, 0.61, and 0.51, respectively. The required objective acoustical index determined by a certain threshold of the word identification test might be underestimated for younger children (grade 3 students) in classroom but overestimated for adults. A method based on the sentence test is more useful for speech intelligibility evaluation in classrooms than that based on the word test for different age groups. Younger children need more favorable classroom acoustical environment with a higher STI than older children and adults to achieve the optimum speech communication in the classroom.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2016, 41, 2; 213-219
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative Analysis of the Efficiency of Detecting Some Amplitude-Phase Modulated Signals in Wireless Communication Systems
Autorzy:
Bondariev, Andriy P.
Horbatyi, Ivan V.
Maksymiv, Ivan P.
Altunin, Sergiy I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/227333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
8-QAM
8-AMMC
signal-to-noise ratio
noise immunity
phase detector
phase locked loop
Opis:
This article presents the results of the research of noiseimmunity of wireless communication systems using signals that are formed on the basis of eight-position quadrature-amplitude modulation (8-QAM) and eight-position amplitude modulation of many components (8-AMMC). The research was conducted using simulation of a wireless communication system, built using a detector, implemented on the basis of a phase locked loop. The influence of phase locked loop parameters on the detection quality of these signals in the condition of the interference in the communication channel was researched, and a comparative analysis of the noise immunity of wireless communication systems using these signals was carried out.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2019, 65, 3; 449-453
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cross Layer Enhanced Adaptive Handoff Initiation Technique
Autorzy:
Abolade, Jeremiah O.
Ibhaze, Augustus E.
Imoize, Agbotiname L.
Atayero, Aderemi A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Base station
Fuzzy Inference
Handoff
Mobile Transmitting Power
Throughput
Velocity
signal-to-noise ratio
Opis:
The population of mobile communication subscribers keeps increasing exponentially with a growing industrial interest in the provision of improved quality of service. To maintain quality of service in a heterogeneous network built for high capacity utilization, the communication network must be stable as mobile users interact within the implemented coverage distribution. One of the basic mechanisms behind this communication metric is its ability to communicate wirelessly with respect to changing locations. Mobility is one critical benefit of mobile communication, which is made possible through the process of Handoff. One of the key performances in mobile communication is Handoff failure (call termination) rate, which is dependent critically on the handoff initiation mechanism. In this paper, the effect of traditional single parameter of either signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or throughput on handover threshold and hysteresis was investigated. Consequently, a cross layer enhanced adaptive handoff initiation algorithm using fuzzy logic was proposed. The proposed method exploits the capability of soft computing to handle the unpredictable nature of the radio propagation environment. Four critical handoff Network-link parameters were employed to vary the Handoff threshold and Hysteresis in test the adaptive functionality of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm was seen to be adaptive to throughput, SNR, mobile transmitting power (MTP) and mobile velocity, thereby resulting in improved quality of service, marked with a decrease in handoff failure probability rate.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 120, 2; 154-167
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of SHIFTZCC codes for Optical CDMA system
Autorzy:
Panda, Satyasen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
cross correlation (CC)
multiple access interference (MAI)
optical code division multiple access (OCDMA)
shift zero cross correlation code (SHIFTZCC) and signal to noise ratio (SNR)
spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA)
Opis:
In this paper, we propose a novel SAC-OCDMA code called Shift Zero Cross Correlation (SHIFTZCC) code with zero cross correlation property to minimize the Multiple Access Interface (MAI), to be more scalable and secure compared to the other existing SAC-OCDMA codes. This SHIFTZCC code is constructed using address segment and data segment. In this work, the proposed SHIFTZCC code is implemented in an optical network using the Opti-System software for the spectral amplitude coded optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) scheme. The chief advantage of the proposed SHIFTZCC code is the zero cross correlation property, which reduces both the MAI and other noises improving the system performance. The proposed SHIFTZCC code provides flexibility in selecting the code parameters, supports a large number of users with higher data rate and longer fiber length. Simulation results prove that the optical code division multiple access system based on the proposed SHIFTZCC code supports maximum number of simultaneous users with higher transmission rate, lower bit error rates (BER) and longer travelling distance without any signal quality degradation, as compared to the former existing SAC-OCDMA codes.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 67, 2; 365-389
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of a high-speed hybrid OAM-OFDM-MDM multiplexed coherent FSO system under desert conditions
Autorzy:
Sinha, Shivaji
Kumar, Chakresh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
atmospheric attenuation
bit error rate
BER
orbital angular momentum
OAM
optical signal-to-noise ratio
OSNR
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
OFDM
quadrature amplitude modulation
QAM
transmission range
Opis:
To meet the needs of future wireless optical networks, this paper introduces a high-speed, hybrid multiplexed, coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication system that integrates an orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed signal with an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique. Two independent QAM polarized beams, each carrying in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) phase 16-QAM-OFDM modulated data, are combined using mode division multiplexing (MDM) to increase the capacity of the proposed system. The reason of choosing OFDM is its capability to support higher data rate, and mitigating intersymbol interference (ISI). The signal is detected using a coherent detection-based digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm at the receiver end. The proposed hybrid FSO system is evaluated in low and heavy dust environments using bit error rate (BER), link distance, optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), and received optical power performance matrices. The simulation results demonstrate the successful transmission of a 120 Gb/s single carrier over the longest link ranges of 1.5 and 0.40 km, respectively, under low and heavy dust weather environments below the signal degradation threshold value (forward error correction (FEC) limit) of BER 2.2 × 10–3 in strong turbulent conditions.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2023, 53, 3; 431--445
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Image denoising using new wavelet thresholding function
Autorzy:
Dehda, B.
Melkemi, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/122959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
wavelet transform
image denoising
wavelet thresholding
wavelet shrinkage rules
peak signal to noise ratio
PSNR
transformata falkowa
falka
odszumianie obrazu
Opis:
In this paper, we propose a new image denoising method based on wavelet thresholding. In this method, we introduce a new nonlinear thresholding function characterized by a shape parameter and basic properties. These characteristics make the new method able to achieve a compromise between both traditional thresholding techniques such as Hard and Soft thresholding. The experimental results show that our proposed method provides better performance compared to many classical thresholding methods in terms of the visual quality of the denoised image.
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics; 2017, 16, 2; 55-65
2299-9965
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low-noise Wideband Circuit for Closed-loop RF CNT-NEMS Sensors
Autorzy:
Kauth, C.
Pastre, M.
Kayal, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
stosunek sygnału do szumu
detekcja sygnałów
współczynnik szumu
wzmacniacze niskoszumowe
szerokie pasmo
piezooporność
system nanoelektromechaniczny
oscylator
signal-to-noise ratio
signal detection
noise figure
low-noise amplifiers
wideband
piezoresistance
nanoelectromechanical systems
oscillators
Opis:
Hybrid NEMS interfaces are the key to systems combining the benefits of highly sensitive miniaturized mechanical sensors with the vast functionalities available in electronics. In this context, a phase-locked loop, locking on a suspended resonating carbon nanotube NEMS, is implemented and characterized, able to start, track, amplify and sustain NEMS oscillation up to 100MHz in a sensing environment. Detection of the signals out of the NEMS has been found most challenging and diverse RF front-ends meant for interfacing high-impedance carbon nanotube based NEMS are analyzed. Given the feeble signals from the NEMS, their high output impedance and non-negligible interconnect parasitics, front-end design must imperatively focus on minimal noise figure. Limits on minimal detectable signal are extracted via design, simulation and characterization of a 3-stage common-emitter front-end.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2012, 3, 2; 67-72
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NEW THROUGHPUT OPTIONS IN 802.11AX STANDARD
Nowe opcje przepływności w standardzie 802.11ax
Autorzy:
Masiukiewicz, Antoni
Piórczyński, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
throughput, 802.11ax standard
signal to noise and interference ratio
przepustowość standard 802.11ax
stosunek sygnał do szumu i zakłóceń
Opis:
The throughput offered in the 802.11 standard are now similar to those offered in wired solutions. The newly developed 802.11ax standard also offers new operation opportunities in an environment with high density of users. The author, using the theoretical dependencies and the ns-3.27 version of the NS simulator, compared the throughput in the 802.11n / ac / ax standards and determined the throughput for selected configurations of the radio channel parameters. The throughput of 802.11ax is usually higher then in older standards however there are some exceptions.
Przepustowość oferowana w standardzie 802.11 jest obecnie podobna do przepustowości oferowanej w rozwiązaniach przewodowych. Nowo opracowany standard 802.11ax oferuje także nowe możliwości działania w środowisku o dużej gęstości użytkowników. Autor, wykorzystując teoretyczne zależności i wersję ns-3.27 symulatora NS, porównał przepustowość w standardach 802.11n / ac / ax i określił przepustowość dla wybranych konfiguracji parametrów kanału radiowego. Przepustowość 802.11ax jest zwykle wyższa niż w starszych standardach, jednak są pewne wyjątki.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula; 2019, 3(61); 43-56
2084-4689
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noise effect on parameters of quiet sonar with code modulation
Autorzy:
Salamon, Roman
Marszal, Jacek
Jedel, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
silent sonar
maximum length sequence
signal-to-noise ratio
frequency modulation
cichy sonar
sekwencje o maksymalnej długości
stosunek sygnału do szumu
modulacja częstotliwości
Opis:
Earlier publications of the paper authors have shown that the use of code keying mixed with the CW FM sound signal allows the significant reduction in the distance measurement error, compared to classic silent CW FM sonar. In addition to the code modulation parameters, the magnitude of this error is influenced by the received input acoustic noise. The article shows the dependence of the input signal-to-noise ratio and the sound signal parameters on the target distance measurement error and the detection conditions, such as the output signal-to-noise ratio and the side lobe level. The results of the analysis were compared to the same parameters of the CW FM silent sonar without code modulation.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2023, 34, 1; art. no. 2023109
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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