Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "ship traffic" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 53
Tytuł:
Merging conventionally navigating ships and MASS - Merging VTS, FOC and SCC?
Autorzy:
Baldauf, M.
Fischer, S.
Kitada, M.
Mehdi, R. A.
Al-Quhali, M. A.
Fiorini, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
e-Navigation
fleet operation centre (FOC)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
ship control centre (SCC)
unmanned shipping
unmanned ship
Opis:
Current maritime transportation and shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) specifically aims at more comprehensive and reliable support of the human operators on-board and ashore. However, autonomous unmanned ships remote controlled or even autonomously navigating are expected to come soon. In this paper, selected operational aspects of maritime traffic merging conventional and unmanned remote controlled ships in coastal areas are discussed. Furthermore, some preliminary results of experimental simulation studies into a future scenario of maritime traffic are presented and preliminary conclusions in respect to job profiling and training requirements are discussed.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 3; 495-501
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation-Augmented Methods for Safe and Efficient Manoeuvres in Harbour Areas
Autorzy:
Benedict, K.
Kirchhoff, M.
Gluch, M.
Fischer, S.
Schaub, M.
Baldauf, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
manoeuvres in harbour areas
harbour areas
Simulation-Augmented Manoeuvring Design and Monitoring (SAMMON)
Fast-Time Manoeuvring Simulation Technology (FTS)
Co-operative Ship Operation in Integrated Maritime Traffic Systems (COSINUS)
Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks (MUNIN)
Innovative Ship Simulation and Maritime Systems (ISSIMS) Navigational Methods Development
Opis:
Safety of navigation is especially challenging and critical when a ship approaches and manoeuvres in harbour areas. Improving the safety especially in the first and last phase of a voyage is crucial and requires measures addressing both the human and technical-technological elements including support systems that shall provide human operators with information relevant for decision making. The present situation is characterized by the introduction of numerous sophisticated technical and support systems often integrated with several components becoming increasingly complex. On the users end, changes are not that obvious and not that rapid as for technology. However, new approaches are under development or already in use. They are characterized by applying and adapting solutions from other transport modes. In this way, tasks and procedures on ships, that are highly safety-relevant and containing high portions of manoeuvring activities have been changed to high back-up procedures as in air planes. For port manoeuvres e.g. the system of pilot/co-pilot was introduced on ferries in a sense that one officer is operating and the other is monitoring and checking the safe performance. In cruise shipping, new structures replacing the traditional rank-based with a flexible system based on job functions. This system creates a kind of a safety net around the person conning the vessel. Each operation is cross checked before execution by one or two other persons. The first obvious consequence is higher costs due to doubling personnel. On the other hand there is also a need for a technology appropriately supporting the checking officer by enabling her or him to monitor what the conning officer is doing. “Fast-Time Manoeuvring Simulation Technology” (FTS) developed at the Institute for Innovative Ship Simulation and Maritime Systems (ISSIMS) has huge potential to fulfil this task. FTS calculates within one second of computing time up to 1000 seconds of real manoeuvring time by a very complex ship-dynamic simulation model for rudder, engine and thruster manoeuvres. It enables prompt prediction of all manoeuvres carried out by the conning officer for the observing officer, too. Predictions of path and motion status allow all officers to see whether the manoeuvring actions have at least the correct tendency or indicating the need for corrections. This new type of support is called Simulation-Augmented Manoeuvring Design and Monitoring (SAMMON) – it allows not only overlooking the next manoeuvring segment ahead but also for the following or even for series of manoeuvring segments. This technology has been used within two research projects: COSINUS (Co-operative Ship Operation in Integrated Maritime Traffic Systems) set out for implementing FTS into integrated ship bridges and to also communicate the manoeuvre plans and display it to VTS centres. Within the European project MUNIN (Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks) this technology has been used to investigate if it is possible to steer autonomous ships, in case it would be necessary.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 2; 193-201
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method foranalyzing AIS data and determination of simultaneously ships passage via strait of split
Autorzy:
Bukljaš, M.
Vukša, S.
Pavić, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS Data
strait of split
ships passage
AIS Decoder
simultaneous ship passage
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
International Waterway Risk Assessment Program (IWRAP)
Opis:
The traffic density is a basic characteristic of marine traffic for some navigational area. In the case of narrow channels such as Strait of Split (Splitska vrata), apart from the traffic density, the number of simultaneous ship passages is also important as well as ships characteristics. Based on such data, additional navigational safety guidelines and regulations may be planned for the observed area. The purpose of this research is to determine the number of simultaneous ship passages via Strait of Split for a certain period of time. Collected AIS data in SPNMEA format was decoded by AIS Decoder online program to csv file. For five randomly selected days in the summer period, based on AIS data, the number of simultaneous ship passages was determined and ships information presented.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 4; 679-684
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Multicriteria Optimization and Evolutionary Algorithms in Traffic Engineering
Optymalizacja wielokryterialna i algorytmy ewolucyjne w inżynierii ruchu statków
Autorzy:
Filipowicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
optymalizacja
podejmowanie decyzji w warunkach wielokryterialnych
kontrola ruchu
EXPLO-SHIP 2004
optimization
multicriteria decision making
traffic control
Opis:
Separation schemes along with Vessel Traffic Services have improved the safety of navigation, particularly within restricted waters. Their role is rather passive and common sense is still required whenever a decision is to be made. It is assumed that it could be beneficial in terms of collision or accident risk reduction once active measures are introduced. The concept raises a wide variety of problems that are to be discussed, defined and solved.
Systemy separacji wraz ze służbami ruchu przyczyniły się w znaczący sposób do poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu statków w rejonach ograniczonych. W większości przypadków ich rola jest pasywna a zdrowy rozsądek dominuje jako główny element podczas podejmowania jakichkolwiek decyzji. Zakłada się, że wprowadzenie systemu o charakterze aktywnym opartym na solidnych podstawach teoretycznych z zakresu podejmowania decyzji przyczyni się do redukcji ryzyka kolizji czy wypadku morskiego. Takie podejście rodzi jednak szereg problemów, które powinny być zdefiniowane, rozwiązane a następnie implementowane.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2004, 2 (74); 99-111
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybór trasy statku w warunkach rozmytych
Ships Routing in a Fuzzy Environment
Autorzy:
Filipowicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
wielokryterialne decyzje
wartości rozmyte
zmienne lingwistyczne
inżynieria ruchu
EXPLO-SHIP 2006
multicriteria decisions
fuzzy values
linguistic variables
traffic engineering
Opis:
Przejście przez ograniczony rejon żeglugowy wiąże się z wyborem trasy lub też z decyzją o opóźnieniu czasu przejścia. Jest to decyzyjny wielokryterialny problem. Wśród ważnych subiektywnych parametrów są warunki, jakie statek spotyka w rejonach skrzyżowań lub połączeń tras. Prognoza dla konkretnego rejonu wymaga posługiwania się przybliżonymi ocenami oraz korzystania z wartości rozmytych. Arytmetyka wartości rozmytych to zbiór operacji na przedziałach. Oprócz typowych działań jak dodawanie czy mnożenie, dostępne są metody porównywania takich wielkości. Pozwala to na wykorzystanie rozszerzonych wersji popularnych środowisk budowy hierarchii.
Passing a restricted area the ship's master has to select one of the alternative routes or decide on a delayed passage. Among important imprecise and subjective values are congestions encountered within the regions including route crossings or junctions. To foresee traffic within a confined area the decision maker has to cope with imprecision and to use fuzzy numbers. Fuzziness is expressed by intervals. Interval arithmetic embraces typical operations such as addition or multiplication, but also enables the selection of possibility level as well as the comparison of such values. Consequently, extended popular hierarchy builders can be used for the selection of the best option.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2006, 11 (83); 73-82
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Basin-Wide Maritime Awareness From Multi-Source Ship Reporting Data
Autorzy:
Greidanus, H.
Alvarez, M.
Eriksen, T. K.
Argentieri, P.
Cokacar, T.
Pesaresi, A.
Falchetti, S.
Nappo, D.
Mazzarella, F.
Alessandrini, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
marine traffic
Ship Reporting
Maritime Situational Picture
Opis:
A system was set up to ingest automatic ship position reports (terrestrial and satellite AIS, LRIT) and fuse these into a Maritime Situational Picture, tracking the ships within an ocean basin‐wide area of interest in real time. Trial runs were made over several months, collecting reporting data from a number of different sources, over the Gulf of Aden and the Western Indian Ocean. Also satellite radar surveillance was carried out in order to sample the presence of non‐reporting ships. The trial showed that satellite AIS is a powerful tool for basin‐wide ship traffic monitoring; that multiple AIS satellites are needed for sufficient completeness and update rate; and that coastal AIS and LRIT still provide essential complements to the satellite AIS data. The radar survey showed that about half of the radar‐detected ships are not seen in the reporting data. The ultimate purpose of this work is to support the countries around the Horn of Africa in the fight against piracy and to help build their capacity to deliver maritime security and safety.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 2; 185-192
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An analysis of basic parameters of Ro-Pax ferries in the Baltic Sea as guidelines for its preliminary design
Autorzy:
Gucma, L.
Raczkowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259872.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
Ro-Pax ferry
ship design
ferry traffic
operating parameters
maneuvering parameters
analysis of ship dimensions
Opis:
This paper presents results of an analysis of the operating and maneuvering parameters (length, width, draft, main propulsion power and maneuvering equipment, and windage area) of the Ro-Pax ferries over 150m in length. The analysis takes into accounts all ferries operating in the Baltic Sea in 2017. The work also includes route analysis of the collected Ro-Pax units. The influence of port infrastructure is also discussed. The mean optimal Baltic Sea Ro-Pax ferry and its parameters for short term and long term forecasts are presented. This paper may be used as a primary guideline for the determining the optimal Ro-Pax ferry dimensions size for the Baltic lines in terms of preliminary ship design.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 3; 44-53
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stochastic model of ship traffic congestion in waterways applied to determine the influence of Liquefied Petroleum Gas tanker introduction on ship traffic on the Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway
Autorzy:
Gucma, L.
Bąk, A.
Sokołowska, S.
Hajduk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
ship traffic stream model
waterway capacity
ship intensity
congestion
Monte Carlo methodology
determination
Opis:
This paper presents the stages in stochastic ship traffic stream model creation, applied to determine the influence of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanker introduction to Police Port on the Świnoujście–Szczecin waterway. The model is based on the Monte Carlo methodology, and is microscopic (which means that each ship’s model is treated as a separate object possessing given attributes). The model is applied here in order to find the influence of ships with dangerous cargo (LPG tankers in the case study) on regular ship traffic, and hence to establish whether special traffic solutions are necessary.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2016, 45 (117); 69-74
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stochastic Model of Ships Traffic Capacity and Congestion - Validation by Real Ships Traffic Data on Świnoujście - Szczecin Waterway
Autorzy:
Gucma, L.
Bąk, A.
Sokołowska, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Forum Nawigacyjne
Tematy:
ship traffic stream model
waterway capacity
ship intensity
congestion
ships traffic streams
Opis:
Paper presents validation of previously created stochastic ships traffic stream model by the real data of ships delays on Świnoujście — Szczecin waterway. The model is mostly based on Monte Carlo methodology. The model is microscopic which means that each ship’s model is treated as separate object possessing given attributes. As the main parameter of presented validation total waiting (delay) time of ships have been applied. The time of ships delays was possessed from Szczecin VTS centre and compared with the model output.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki walidacji wcześniej stworzonego stochastycznego modelu strumienia ruchu statków przez porównanie z rzeczywistymi danymi o opóźnieniu statków na drodze wodnej Świnoujście — Szczecin. Model został zbudowany w oparciu o metodologię Monte Carlo. Jest to model z kategorii „mikroskopowych”, co oznacza, że każdy statek jest traktowany jako odrębny obiekt, cechujący się indywidualnymi atrybutami. Jako główny parametr walidacji przyjęto całkowity czas oczekiwania (opóźnienia) statków. Czas definiujący opóźnienie statków został pozyskany z centrum VTS Szczecin i porównany z wynikami modelowymi.
Źródło:
Annual of Navigation; 2017, 24; 177-191
1640-8632
Pojawia się w:
Annual of Navigation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conditions of safe ship operation in sea waterway systems
Autorzy:
Gucma, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
marine traffic engineering
sea waterway systems
traffic control
safe ship operation
algorithm
Opis:
The article presents an algorithm developed for determining conditions of safe ship operation in a system of sea waterways consisting of three components, or subsystems: waterways, navigation and traffic control. A model of the optimization of sea waterway system parameters is described.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2013, 36 (108) z. 1; 55-58
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kinematic method of determining safe fairway bend widths
Autorzy:
Gucma, S.
Dzwonkowski, J.
Przywarty, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Maritime Traffic Engineering
safe fairway
fairway
Full Mission Bridge Simulator (FMBS)
PIANC
kinematic model of ship movement
Rate of Turn (ROT)
Opis:
This article presents a dedicated kinematic method of determining a safe fairway bend width with a specific turn angle and arc radius as the function of ship parameters and prevailing navigational conditions on the fairway. The assumed approach takes into consideration monoeuvring and navigational components of the safe fairway bend width. The method is based on an analysis of the results of numerical tests conducted on a model representing all physically possible movements of ship's centre of gravity in the bend. The developed method was initially verified on the Ińskie bend, part of the Świnoujście-Szczecin fairway.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 2; 435-442
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of Świnoujście port areas and approach channel parameters for safe operation of 300-meter bulk carriers
Autorzy:
Gucma, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
marine traffic engineering
waterways
computer simulation of ship movement
safety of navigation
seaport
approach
Opis:
This article presents the optimized parameters of the Świnoujście seaport entrance and three-kilometer fairway linking Świnoujście and Szczecin, extended to allow the safe entry of 300-meter bulk carriers drawing up to 13.5 meters. The parameters were determined by a simulation-based optimization method, where the objective function and its constraint were, respectively, the reconstruction costs of that waterway section and the vessels’ navigation safety. The study made use of real-time simulation in coordination with the vessel’s human operator.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2016, 48 (120); 125-133
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ship movement simulation studies used to optimize waterway system elements comprising the Przesmyk Orli Turning Basin in the Port of Szczecin
Autorzy:
Gucma, S.
Ślączka, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/906049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
marine traffic engineering
simulation studies of waterways
optimization of turning basins in waterways
optimal parameters
simulation method
ship movement
Opis:
This paper presents a simulation method for identifying optimal parameters for turning basins on waterways. This method has been used for the detailed design of the Przesmyk Orli Turning Basin in the Port of Szczecin. Methods of this type allow the parameters of a turning basin to be optimized so long as the facility is fixed in one location.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2016, 45 (117); 82-87
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An approach to Baltic Port, Shipping, Ship Traffic and Operation Information Critical Infrastructure Network operation process
Autorzy:
Guze, S.
Kołowrocki, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
Tematy:
shipping
ship traffic
port operation
information systems
operation process
parameters
Opis:
The goal of the article is to analysis of static and dynamic industry installations existing in the Baltic Sea Region performed to classify them as a network of networks. As the result of this analysis, the Baltic Port, Shipping, Ship Traffic and Port Operations Information Critical Infrastructure Network composed of three single critical infrastructure networks are distinguished. In the next step, the operation process for every installations and finally for network of networks are defined.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2016, 7, 3; 21--30
2084-5316
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling Operation Process of Baltic Port, Shipping and Ship Traffic and Operation Information Critical Infrastructure Network
Autorzy:
Guze, S.
Kołowrocki, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
modelling of maritime operations
modelling operation process
Baltic Ports
ship traffic
shipping
critical infrastructure network
operation information critical infrastructure network
critical infrastructure
Opis:
The main aim of the article is modelling the operation process of the Baltic Port, Shipping and Ship Traffic and Port Operation Information Critical Infrastructure Network. To achieve this goal it is necessary to define three critical infrastructure networks for a Baltic Sea Region and their operation processes: port critical infrastructure network, shipping critical infrastructure network and ship traffic and port operation information critical infrastructure network. Thus, the concept of networks of three networks, called Baltic Port, Shipping and Ship Traffic and Port Operation Information Critical Infrastructure Network, is introduced. This way, the operation process of network of networks is proposed. To understand this approach, the basic classification and description of interdependencies and interconnections in this network are presented.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 2; 275-284
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 53

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies