Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "ship engine" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 93
Tytuł:
Research on intelligent diagnosis method for large-scale ship engine fault in non-deterministic environment
Autorzy:
Feng, D.
Li, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258452.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
non-determinism
large-scale ship engine
fault intelligent diagnosis
Opis:
Aiming at the problem of inaccurate and time-consuming of the fault diagnosis method for large-scale ship engine, an intelligent diagnosis method for large-scale ship engine fault in non-deterministic environment based on neural network is proposed. First, the possible fault of the engine was analyzed, and the downtime fault of large-scale ship engine and the main fault mode were identified. On this basis, the fault diagnosis model for large-scale ship engine based on neural network is established, and the intelligent diagnosis of engine fault is completed. The experiment proved that the proposed method has high diagnostic accuracy, engine fault diagnosis takes only about 3s, with a higher use value.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, S 3; 200-206
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of location of Top Dead Centre and compression ratio value on the basis of ship engine indicator diagram
Autorzy:
Polanowski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258924.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
Top Dead Centre
compression ratio
ship engine indicator diagram
Opis:
In the polytropic model of compression process, exponent of polytropic compression curve was replaced with a power polynomial in which the piston travel was used as its argument. It was shown that 3rd order polynomial is optimum one. In the model were taken into account the following: design parameters of cylinder, influence of cylinder wear and gas blow-by on compression process, error in determining the piston’s Top Dead Centre (TDC) location, measurement error due to indicator diagram’s truncation. The presented solution of the non-linear model is based on its partial linearization, use of the least squares method as well as on application of the optimum determination methods known in the theory of experiment. The model makes it possible to determine TDC location on indicator diagram dealing with combustion, determination of total compresion ratio, pressure value of indicator diagram truncation, as well as determination of maximum values of compression pressure on the diagrams in which self-ignition occurs before reaching the TDC.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2008, 2; 59-64
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of catalitic reactors usefulness to reduce pollution generated by piston combustion engines with regard to ship main engines
Autorzy:
Zielińska, E.
Girtler, J.
Lejda, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship engine
catalytic reactor
catalytic reactor efficiency
harmful compounds
Opis:
The article presents results which indicate that the use of catalytic reactors to reduce emissions of harmful compunds contained in the exhaust gas is important in the operation of vehicle motors operation. Efforts of the shipbuilding industry to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gas emitted by the main engines have been indicated and pointed to the desirability of the use of these catalysts in maritime transport. It has been pointed out that studies of the harmful substances in exhaust gases performer at vehicle inspection stations have an impact on increasing the safety of drivers and other road users and contribute to preserving the natural environment by reducing the danger coming from cars operating on Polish roads. An opinion has been expressed that the most serious threats to the environment are emitted by car transport exhaust fumes, which are characterized by significant emission of toxic compounds excreted into the atmosphere from tailpipe emissions. It has been demonstrated that a fully functioning catalytic reactor, operating in a steady state at appropriate temperatures and the composition of the mixture close to stoichiometric ratio, can reduce emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides by more than 90%. Also, an assessment has been presented reporting the efficiency of catalytic reactors of spark ignition engines operating in a test vehicle inspection station. The results of research in the evaluation of their performance were correlated with their operation waveforms. Such an approach is justified by the fact that during the operation of each vehicle the wear of its assemblies and components is different – including the catalytic reactor. The catalytic layer undergoes aging so that there are changes in the structure and chemical composition of the catalyst bed, while the overlapping of layers of different chemical compounds that block access to the active layer of the reactor. An opinion has also been expressed that it would be advisable to take steps to use research results presented in this article for research of catalytic reactors similar use in diagnostic systems of marine combustion engines, especially the main ones, which exhaust emissions are incomparably greater than in the case of car engines.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 1; 81-87
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Causality in models of thermal processes in ship engine rooms with the use of Bond Graph (BG) method
Autorzy:
Cichy, M.
Kneba, Z.
Kropiwnicki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
Bond Graph (BG) method
causality
ship engine room
energy system modeling
Opis:
With a single approach to modeling elements of different physical nature, the method of Bond Graph (BG) is particularly well suited for modeling energy systems consisting of mechanical, thermal, electrical and hydraulic elements that operate in the power system engine room. The paper refers to the earlier presented [2] new concept of thermal process modeling using the BG method. The authors own suggestions for determining causality in models of thermal processes created by the said concept were given. The analysis of causality makes it possible to demonstrate the model conflicts that prevent the placement of state equations which allows for the direct conduct of simulation experiments. Attention has been drawn to the link between the energy systems models of thermal processes with models of elements of different physical nature. Two examples of determining causality in models of complex energy systems of thermal elements have been presented. The firs relates to the electrical system associated with the process of heat exchange. The second is a model of the mechanical system associated with the thermodynamic process.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, S 1; 32-37
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An attempt at applying machine learning in diagnosing marine ship engine turbochargers
Autorzy:
Adamkiewicz, Andrzej
Nikończuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
machine learning
compressor diagnosis
marine ship engine
operational decision
neural
network
Opis:
The article presents a diagnosis of turbochargers in the supercharging systems of marine engines in terms of maintenance decisions. The efficiency of turbocharger rotating machines was defined. The operating parameters of turbocharging systems used to monitor the correct operation and diagnose turbochargers were identified. A parametric diagnostic test was performed. Relationships between parameters for use in machine learning were selected. Their credibility was confirmed by the results of the parametric test of the turbocharger system and the main engine, verified by the coefficient of determination. A particularly good fit of the describing functions was confirmed. As determinants of the technical condition of a turbocharger, the relationship between the rotational speed of the engine shaft, the turbocharger rotor assembly and the charging air pressure was assumed. In the process of machine learning, relationships were created between the rotational speed of the engine shaft and the boost pressure, and the indicator of the need for maintenance. The accuracy of the maintenance decisions was confirmed by trends in changes in the efficiency of compressors.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2022, 24, 4; 795--804
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of service failures of cylinder valves of ship piston combustion engines
Autorzy:
Korczewski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
technical diagnostics
ship diesel engine
valve timing
Opis:
This paper presents selected diagnostic problems of charge exchange system of ship piston combustion engines. Theoretical background of wear process of cylinder valves was highlighted in the aspect of identification and sources of known and identifiable states of unserviceability. The presented results of endoscopic examinations concern failures of cylinder valves of the engines installed on Polish Navy ships.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2007, 2; 19-26
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On possible supplying ship diesel engines with alternative fuels (mixtures of diesel oils and vegetable oils or their esters). Preliminary report
Autorzy:
Krzyżanowski, J.
Witkowski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship diesel engine
alternative fuel oils
ecology
Opis:
The paper presents introduction to the research on possible supplying ship diesel engines with mixtures of diesel oils and vegetable oils or their esters with accounting for ecological aspects, i.e. exhaust gas purity. Characteristics of vegetable oils and their esters are compared with those of diesel oils; some consequenŹces of their application to diesel engines, mainly for their working process and exhaust gas content, are indicated. Also, influence of combusting their mixtures with diesel oils are discussed in the same context. Scope of the planned research project is shortly presented.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2004, 4; 28-30
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Węzły funkcjonalne okrętowego silnika spalinowego wolnoobrotowego wodzikowego jako źródła drgań
Functional hubs marine two stroke diesel engine as a source of vibration
Autorzy:
Łosiewicz, Z.
Banaszek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/314840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
okrętowy silnik spalinowy
wodzik
źródło drgań
ship engine
slider
source of vibration
Opis:
W artykule omówione zostały założenia wstępne identyfikacji źródeł drgań w węzłach funkcjonalnych silnika wolnoobrotowego wodzikowego.
Paper discussed the initial assumptions were the identification of sources of vibration in the functional hubs of marine two stroke diesel engine.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 6; 986-988
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Model dwukryterialnej optymalizacji harmonogramu prac w siłowni okrętowej jako zadanie pakowania
A model of operation tasks schedule in ship Engine Room
Autorzy:
Kamiński, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/156841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
optymalizacja
harmonogramowanie
siłownia okrętowa
zadanie pakowania
optimization
scheduling
ship engine room
theory of packing
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono problem planowania zadań eksploatacyjnych w Siłowni Okrętowej z wykorzystaniem teorii pakowania. W podejściu tym maksymalizowane są dwa kryteria: ważności zadań z eksploatacyjnego punktu widzenia oraz najlepszego wykorzystania dostępnego czasu. Określona została postać funkcji celu oraz podstawowe ograniczenia, z jakimi spotyka się starszy mechanik podczas harmonogramowania prac w siłowni okrętowej. Do przeszukiwania przestrzeni rozwiązań zastosowano zmodyfikowaną algorytm przeglądu z nawrotami (Horowitz'a).
The problem of operation tasks scheduling in Engine Room used the theory of packing has been presented in this paper. Two criterions is maximized in this approach: importance of the tasks and the best use of accessible time. The objective function, decision variables and fundamental constraints what meet chief engineer were defined. To searching of solutions space was used the modified Horowitz algorithm.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2007, R. 53, nr 8, 8; 25-28
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modal analysis of the structure for crankshaft in the ships engine for the two cases of mass balancer
Analiza numeryczna drgań własnych konstrukcji wału średnioobrotowego silnika okrętowego dla dwóch sposobów rozmieszczenia mas wyrównoważających
Autorzy:
Roszak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134126.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
numerical analysis
crankshaft
ship's engine
wał korbowy silnika okrętowego
obliczenia numeryczne
analiza drgań własnych
Opis:
The following paper presents the modeling and modal and rotor dynamic analysis performed for the engine crankshaft Deutz V12M540 for the two cases of mass balancer. The scope of work includes the following elements: modeling elements on the basis of technical documentation, prepare discrete models for numerical analysis, crankshaht with flywheel modal analysis for crankshaht with flywheel, dynamic analysis for the initial conditions. The analysis was prepared for two cases of mass balancer.
Praca przedstawia numeryczną analizę drgań własnych wału korbowego silnika okrętowego Deutz12M540 dla dwóch konfiguracji mas wyrównoważających wynikających z konstrukcji wału. Praca zawiera: proces modelowania wału korbowego na podstawie dostarczonej dokumentacji, procedurę przygotowania modeli dyskretnych, definicję warunków początkowych, obliczenia i analizę wyników obliczeń. Obliczenia przeprowadzono dla pełnej konfiguracji mas wyrównoważających i ograniczonej wg. dostarczonej dokumentacji.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 3; 487-490
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A method for evaluating theoretical and real operation of diesel engines in energy conversion formulation taking into account their operating indices
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
operation
energy
diesel engine
ship’s main engine
Opis:
The article proposes valuating the operation of an arbitrary diesel engine, based on the sample case of a ship’s main engine in which energy conversion processes take place in a given time. The above operation is understood as the energy transfer to the screw propeller in the given time in which the energy conversion into work and/or heat and its further transmission take place. The here proposed method for evaluating the operation of the main engines installed in marine power plants consists in comparing the operation of these engines to a physical quantity the measuring unit of which is the joule-second (joule×second). A new term is introduced which bears the name of the theoretical engine operation and is the standard (ideal) operation which can be compared to the operation of real engines revealing different levels of wear. It was shown that the calculations of the theoretical operation defined in the above way cannot make direct use of commonly known theoretical Diesel and Sabathe cycles. Instead they should use the cycles modified by heat abstraction taking place in accordance with the isobaric, or isothermal process. Other new terms introduced in the article are: the degree of excellence of energy conversion to work, considered as the measure of excellence of engine operation, and the degree of engine operation dissipation, being the measure of its real operation. It is shown that if in time t of engine operation the case takes place that: Li = idem and Le = idem, then the engine operation dissipation is equal to its mechanical efficiency.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2011, 3; 31-36
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement of maximum vibration after the addition of the gorger construction to evaluate the side deck girder construction planning in the ship engine room
Autorzy:
Sugeng, S.
Utomo, B.
Said, S. D.
Yusim, A. K.
Windyandari, A.
Khristyson, S. F.
Afrizal, L.
Jatmiko, A. B.
Sanjiwo, Z. Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
ship engine room
side deck girder construction
maximum vibration
gorger construction, vibration
ship vibration measurement
side deck girder
girder
Opis:
The greatest vibration occurs in the engine room, but all other parts of the ship also experience vibrations because it is propagating. Even though there are methods to reduce these vibrations such as engine beds, they can only reduce the damaging effects and cannot completely eliminate the vibrations themselves. The method used in this research is to compare the measurement of good vibrations in the conditions before the addition of construction and after the addition of construction for later comparison with numerical calculation data. The purpose of this study is to obtain the maximum vibration value in the conditions after the addition of the gorger construction before the addition of the side deck girder construction as a means of evaluating the side deck girder construction planning in the ship engine room ship 2000 DWT. The result consideration of adding construction becomes one or the alternative in providing reinforcement so that it can reduce the vibration that occurs. From analyze results after addition of a sized T profile FB 180 x 8 mm FP 75 x 10 mm, which ranges from 28 - 29 m/s2 for the x-axis vibration value, while for vibrations on the y-axis the maximum is 10-11 m/s2, and on the maximum z-axis. at 20-21 m/s2, this analyze vibration is based on the time between 0 - 15 seconds or per 15 second interval, able to reduce percentage of vibration in the ship engine room area is 34.91%.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 2; 337--340
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of nondimensional arguments in dimensional functions of ship propulsion engine operation
Autorzy:
Rosłanowski, J.
Charchalis, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
ship propulsion engine operation dimensional analysis
dimensionless arguments in dimensional functions
Opis:
The following article describes different ways for determining dimensionless arguments in dimensional functions of ship propulsion engine operation. Dimensional space has also been characterized in relation to properties it possesses. An attention has been paid to the fact that it creates Abelian group, where involution fulfils multiplication axiom by scalar, and positive numbers that belong to dimensional space create dimensionless subspace. The conception of dimensional dependence has also been explained. There are also described conditions, which should be fulfilled by dimensional quantities to be dimensionally independent. Fundamental theorems of dimensional analysis have also been characterized. There is also given the definition of dimensional function of ship propulsion engine operation concerning values and dimensional arguments. It has been explained what requirements are to be fulfilled. One can also learn what limitations are imposed on dimensional function of ship propulsion engine operation concerning dimensional homogeneity and invariance. The ways of dimensional function transformation into a numerical one have been described. In addition, some conditions have been given which must be applied at given method of dimensional function transformation. An attention has been paid to the fact that dimensionless arguments are similarity invariant as a result of transformation by the similarity method of mathematical model of ship propulsion engine operation. In this study, the ship propulsion engine performance is expressed by product of Joule and second interpreted as transfer of energy in the form of work. Identification of ship propulsion engine operation by dimensional analysis performed in terms of its usefulness for diagnosis of ship propulsion engines. The basic problem of marine diesel exploitation is the monitoring of its technical condition. Diagnosis of marine diesel propulsion increases the safety of the ship and thus protects the marine environment against pollution.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 185-190
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A simulation model of energy distribution in ship combustion engine
Autorzy:
Nguyen, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259168.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
computer simulation
ship diesel engine
dynamic processes
energy balance and distribution
Opis:
In the paper a model of energy flow and distribution in ship diesel engine cylinder was presented. This is a model of discrete parameters, being a continuation of the author s research on simulation of energy processing within ship main propulsion engine [2,3]. The model in question makes it possible to calculate energy flow values delivered and transferred during every working cycle of the engine cylinder. Results of application of the model for 6ZA40S Sulzer engine installed on B672 ship were also attached. The results were compared with results of test-stand measurements of the engine, performed at different load levels.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2005, 1; 22-26
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spectrofluorimetric characteristics of used lubricating oil
Spektrofluorymetryczna charakterystyka zużytego oleju smarnego
Autorzy:
Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/328239.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
fluorescence
excitation-emission spectra of oil
lubricate oil
ship engine
fluorescencja
zupełne widmo fluorescencji
olej smarny
silnik okrętowy
Opis:
Deterioration of lubricate oil in combustion engines enforces measurements of parameters essential for proper operation of define driving system or to certain engine malfunctions indicate. Since the fluorescence phenomenon is known for oil excited by ultraviolet light - the question arises whether fluorescence spectra evolving with the time of exploitation of oil in the engine. In this paper the introductory studies of excitation-emission spectra (EEMs) for chosen lubricate oil are described. Both fresh and used oil (after 593 h of work in a ship engine), was used to measure EEMs. As a result of comparison of EEMs for both fresh and used lubricate oils more significant transformations in fluorescence spectra of oil caused by their exploitation are indicated. Obtained results allow to predict that spectrofluorimetry method could supplement present methods of used lubricating oil testing.
Pogarszanie się właściwości oleju smarnego w silniku spalinowym skutkuje koniecznością monitorowania jego eksploatacyjnych parametrów. Z racji wykazywania przez oleje fluorescencji w świetle ultrafioletowym - powstaje pytanie, czy widma fluorescencji ewoluują wraz z czasem przebywania oleju w obiegu smarnym silnika. W artykule opisane są wstępne analizy zmian zupełnych widm fluorescencji (EEMs) dla różnych stężeń wybranego oleju smarnego. Do pomiaru EEMs oleju użyto dwóch form oleju – świeżego i przepracowanego w silniku okrętowym w czasie 593 h. W następstwie porównania widm uzyskanych dla świeżego i przepracowanego oleju wskazano na zachodzące najbardziej znaczące zmiany we fluorescencji oleju smarnego. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają sądzić, że spektrofluorymetria mogłaby uzupełnić obecne metody testowania przepracowanego oleju.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2014, 15, 4; 65-71
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 93

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies