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Tytuł:
Towards a Computational Ontology for the Philosophy of Wittgenstein: Representing Aspects of the Tractarian Philosophy of Mathematics
Autorzy:
Gomułka, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30146669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Semantic Web
Knowledge Representation
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Philosophy of Mathematics
Opis:
The present paper concerns the Wittgenstein ontology project: an attempt to create a Semantic Web representation of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy. The project has been in development since 2006, and its current state enables users to search for information about Wittgenstein-related documents and the documents themselves. However, the developers have much more ambitious goals: they attempt to provide a philosophical subject matter knowledge base that would comprise the claims and concepts formulated by the philosopher. The current knowledge representation technology is not well-suited for this task, and a non-standard approach is required. The creators of the Wittgenstein ontology project are aware of this fact; recently, they have been discussing conceptual devices adjusting the technology to their needs. The main goal of this paper is to present examples of a representation of philosophical content that make use of both the devices already proposed and some new inventions. The represented content comes from the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus; more specifically, its theses concerning the problems in philosophy of mathematics.
Źródło:
Analiza i Egzystencja; 2023, 63; 27-54
1734-9923
2300-7621
Pojawia się w:
Analiza i Egzystencja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Emotional and Non-emotional Concepts Activation on Information Processing and Unintentional Memorizing
Autorzy:
Pawłowska, Monika
Magier-Łakomy, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
semantic concepts
cognitive representation of emotion
congruency effect
lexical decision task (LTD)
priming effect
priming paradigm
unintentional memorizing
Opis:
The aim of the work is to compare mechanisms of semantic and emotional processing and memory. Targets (words and non-words) were primed (100 ms) by category name (semantic in Experiment 1 and emotional in Experiment 2). The congruency of prime and target was manipulated. The reaction time of lexical decisions and the effects of unintentional memorizing of word targets were measured. Activation of semantic (Experiment 1) and emotional (Experiment 2) nodes leads to faster processing of related concepts: congruent targets are processed faster than incongruent. Processing congruent primed emotional concepts depends on their modality: anger and joy words are processed faster than sadness. Thus, congruently primed activating emotional concepts are processed differently from congruently primed deactivating concepts. The effectiveness of unintentional memory of emotional and non-emotional concepts (words) is based on different mechanisms: congruently primed emotional words are better remembered than incongruently primed. The results are discussed in the framework of spreading activation theory and theory of emotional memory.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2011, 42, 3; 150-159
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semantic Sparse Representation of Disease Patterns
Autorzy:
Przelaskowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sparse representation
compressive sensing
information theory
semantic information
disease pattern
Opis:
Sparse data representation is discussed in a context of useful fundamentals led to semantic content description and extraction of information. Disease patterns as semantic information extracted from medical images were underlined because of discussed application of computer-aided diagnosis. Compressive sensing rules were adjusted to the requirements of diagnostic pattern recognition. Proposed methodology of sparse disease patterns considers accuracy of sparse representation to estimate target content for detailed analysis. Semantics of sparse representation were modeled by morphological content analysis. Subtle or hidden components were extracted and displayed to increase information completeness. Usefulness of sparsity was verified for computer-aided diagnosis of stroke based on brain CT scans. Implemented method was based on selective and sparse representation of subtle hypodensity to improve diagnosis. Visual expression of disease signatures was fixed to radiologist requirements, domain knowledge and experimental analysis issues. Diagnosis assistance suitability was proven by experimental subjective rating and automatic recognition.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2010, 56, 3; 273-280
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quelques remarques sur les lexèmes français contenant une composante volitive
A Few Remarks on French Lexemes Containing a Volitional Component
Autorzy:
Bogacki, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807187.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-23
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
synonimia; predykat woli; reprezentacja semantyczna; leksemy wolitywne
synonymy; predicate of will; semantic representation; volitive lexemes
Opis:
Uwagi o leksemach francuskich zawierających komponent wolitywny W artykule stawiane jest pytanie o możliwość wykorzystania relacji synonimii do identyfikacji wszystkich jednostek leksykalnych z elementem wolitywnym. Narzuca się wniosek, że nie jest to możliwe, podobnie jak ustalenie listy jednostek leksykalnych stanowiących jądro tego pola semantycznego bez pomocy analizy predykatowo-argumentowej. Rozpatrywane jest zagadnienie ustalania na podstawie kontekstu elementów różnicujących leksemy, które stanowią rdzeń pola jednostek wyrażających wolę. Quelques remarques sur les lexèmes français contenant une composante volitive Nous examinons la question de savoir si l’on peut se servir de la relation de synonymie pour repérer toutes les unités lexicales avec une composante volitive. Nous arrivons à la conclusion qu’on ne peut pas détecter les vedettes constituant le noyau de ce champ sémantique sans recourir à une analyse en termes de prédicats et d’arguments. Un accent particulier est mis sur les paramètres différenciateurs entre les lexèmes constituant le noyau du champ lexical de mots exprimant la volonté.
The article deals with the question of whether the synonymy can be used to identify all lexical units with a volitional component. We arrive at the conclusion that we cannot detect the items constituting the nucleus of this semantic field without resorting to an analysis in terms of predicates and arguments. A particular emphasis is placed on the differentiating parameters between the lexemes constituting the core of the lexical field of words expressing will.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2017, 65, 8; 47-58
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ontology-Based Information Extraction: Current Approaches
Autorzy:
Białek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
Ontology-Based Information Extraction
Information Extraction
semantic web
ontology
Knowledge
Representation
Opis:
The purpose of Information Extraction (IE) is extracting information from unstructured, or semi structured machine readable documents by automatic means. Generally this means dealing with human language texts using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Recently on the market of IE systems a new player emerged. Ontology-Based IE (OBIE) idea consequently gains more and more supporters. In this approach a crucial role in the IE process is played by ontology (formal representation of the knowledge by a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts). Using Ontology as one of the IE tools makes OBIE very convenient approach for gathering information that can be later on used in construction of Semantic Web. In this paper I will explain the idea of OBIE with its fl aws and advantages. I will try not only to provide theoretical approach, but also to review current trends in this fi eld. This will be done to point out some common architecture in currently used systems and in the end classify them based on diff erent factors depending on their usability in real life application. As a conclusion an attempt to identify possible trends and directions in this fi eld will be made.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2010, 1, 1; 69-75
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On development of “smart” dictionaries
Autorzy:
Kit, Mark
Kit, Dmitry
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677326.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
lexicography
online dictionaries
translation technology
smart dictionary
intelligent dictionary
semantic representation
lexical units
Opis:
On development of “smart” dictionariesThe paper discusses the need for development of intelligent dictionaries that allow for two-way interaction with its users. Theoretical ground for such development is suggested. Practical implementation as LexSite lexical resource is shown, concepts for further improvement of the efficiency are proposed.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2012, 12
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling & understanding environment using semantic agents
Autorzy:
Dourlens, S.
Ramdane-Cherif, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi. Polskie Towarzystwo Sieci Neuronowych
Tematy:
semantic agent
knowledge representation language
generalized meta-model
behavioral aspects
Opis:
Understanding environment is a very complex task. Modeling and development of components of the environment in a symbolic way permit to simplify and clarify functional parts of components and interactions. In order to have a complete system specification, a rigorous behavior description is needed. Different levels of behavior abstraction are taking into account. The objective of our semantic modeling is to enhance architectural design and reduce complexity. It permits to agents to understand the environment, manage events and adapt the architecture. All the concepts of the environment like the component models and their behavior models are stored under event frames written in knowledge representation language. We present in this document, a generalized meta-model of behavioral aspects, that indexes the various environment behaviors in three ontologies. We have fully linked abstraction level with modeling and execution of scenarios. We show how software semantic agents can be modeled to build any interactive architecture.
Źródło:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research; 2011, 1, 4; 301-314
2083-2567
2449-6499
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lexical need as a two-way reality cognition tool
Autorzy:
Kit, Mark
Berg, Elena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/967228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
lexicography
dictionary
translation
semantic representation
lexical unit
lexical need
cognition
linguistic competence
Opis:
Lexical need as a two-way reality cognition toolIn this paper a concept of lexical need is introduced and its application in research of cognitive aspects of translation is discussed. Further discussion elaborates mechanisms of development of translator’s lexical space in the course of translation. Authors discuss the importance and special nature of low-frequency lexical units and difficulties encountered when studying their usage and suggest that the lexical need concept help these studies. Lexical need analysis can be also used to learn specifics of translator’s lexical space and then to take measures for selection of translators and improvement of their skills.
Źródło:
Cognitive Studies; 2014, 14
2392-2397
Pojawia się w:
Cognitive Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
La rappresentazione dei significati preposizionali locativi nelle grammatiche italiane: una valutazione dalla prospettiva delle grammaticografia croata
Representation of Spatial Meanings of Prepositions in Italian Grammars: An Evaluation from the Perspective of Croatian Grammaticography
Autorzy:
Bjelobaba, Saša
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11541944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Italian grammaticography
prepositions
spatial meaning
representation
semantic structure
grammaticografia italiana
preposizione
significato locativo
rappresentazione
struttura semantica
Opis:
The starting point of this study stems from the two assumptions that are commonly accepted and, to a great extent, proven within cognitive linguistics: 1. members of the category of prepositions are bearers of autonomous meanings, and 2. prepositional meanings are conditioned significantly by the concepts pertinent to the domain of space. In the light of the theoretical model of the semantic representation of prepositions previously developed by the author (2022) and his reflections on the nature of prepositional meaning in general, this article presents the results of an analysis conducted on a corpus of 13 Italian grammars published in the last 70 years. Specifically, the representations of spatial meanings of Italian prepositions as proposed by grammarians are examined. Since a clear prevalence of approaches characterised by the use of the terms of logical analysis to provide the semantic description of a preposition is identified, the author compares this trend with some models used within Croatian grammaticography. In conclusion, the author indicates some potential alternative evolutionary paths of Italian grammaticography that might lead it to a higher level of cognitive plausibility of representation of the semantic structure of a preposition.
L’autore parte dai due presupposti maggiormente accettati e confermati nell’ambito della linguistica cognitiva: (i) i membri della categoria delle preposizioni sono anche portatori di significati autonomi, e (ii) i significati preposizionali sono condizionati considerevolmente dai concetti pertinenti al dominio dello spazio. Alla luce del modello teorico della rappresentazione semantica delle preposizioni precedentemente elaborato dall’autore (2022) e delle sue riflessioni sulla natura del significato preposizionale in generale, questo articolo presenta i risultati di un’analisi svolta su un corpus che comprende tredici grammatiche d’italiano pubblicate negli ultimi sette decenni. Nello specifico, vengono prese in esame le rappresentazioni dei significati locativi delle preposizioni italiane proposte dai grammatici. Dal momento che viene identificata una netta prevalenza degli approcci caratterizzati dall’avvalersi di termini dell’analisi logica per fornire la descrizione semantica di una preposizione, l’autore confronta questa tendenza con alcuni modelli utilizzati all’interno della grammaticografia croata. Nella conclusione vengono indicate vie evolutive alternative della grammaticografia italiana che condurrebbero a un livello più alto di attendibilità cognitiva della rappresentazione della struttura semantica di una preposizione.
Źródło:
Italica Wratislaviensia; 2023, 14.1; 35-56
2084-4514
Pojawia się w:
Italica Wratislaviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Knowledge Representation, Modelling and Processing in Modern Semantic Systems
Reprezentacja, modelowanie i przetwarzanie wiedzy w nowoczesnych systemach semantycznych
Autorzy:
Adrian, W. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/275291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:
technologie semantyczne
modelowanie i reprezentacja wiedzy
wnioskowanie
systemy regułowe
systemy ontologiczne
systemy inteligentne
semantic technologies
knowledge modelling
representation and reasoning
rule-based systems
ontology-driven systems
intelligent systems
Opis:
Modern intelligent applications based on semantic technologies constitute an interesting class of Knowledge-Based Systems. The paper gives an overview of the methods and tools used in semantic systems and presents the research concerning adaptation of well-founded solutions for Rule-Based Systems to the semantic systems conditions. Theoretical solutions as well as practical implementations are briefly discussed. Outline of future directions and research problems is given.
Nowoczesne systemy inteligentne, wykorzystujące technologie i języki semantyczne, stanowią interesują klasę systemów opartych na wiedzy. W tym nowym kontekście warto rozważyć wykorzystanie rozwiązań wypracowanych w klasycznych sztucznej inteligencji, w szczególności systemach regułowych. W artykule nakreślono obszar badawczy obejmujący integrację istniejących metod i narzędzi z tego obszaru z rozwiązaniami Sieci Semantycznej. Poruszono zarówno problem integracji wybranych formalizmów stanowiących podstawy logiczne reprezentacji wiedzy w obydwu dziedzinach, jak i praktyczne implementacje systemów.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2011, 15, 12; 223-225
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Formalna analiza konceptualna – reprezentacja wiedzy – przekład
Formal Concept Analysis – Knowledge Representation – Translations
Autorzy:
Boroch, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1892157.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Formalna Analiza Konceptualna
depozyt semantyczny
reprezentacja wiedzy
definiowanie
znaczenie
przekład
Formal Concept Analysis
semantic deposit
knowledge representation
defining
meaning
translations
Opis:
The article presents the possibilities of using Formal Concept Analysis, FCA, in intralingual and machine translations. Let me draw your attention to the necessity of joining formal and conceptual systems into one system based on relations of the particular semantic deposits SD in the specific knowledge representation KR with defining linguistic units. I called this defining a hybrid defining. The hybrid defining of linguistic units enables to examine their cognitive (hybrid) meaning, which is implemented in a form of a coherent semantic map of meanings. An exemplifying material, by means of which a process of meaning creation is shown, is a light unit.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2013, 61, 6; 121-154
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czasownik stracić i jego właściwości, Analiza semantyczno-składniowa
Semantic and Syntactic Analysis of Verb stracić
Autorzy:
Kruk, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
linguistic unit
semantic and syntactic characteristics
selectional restrictions
semantic representation
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to describe semantic and syntactic characteristics of one of many linguistic units containing the form stracić (to lose). Dictionaries of contemporary Polish language consider stracić as a one, polysemous unit. Nevertheless, there are at least several units which are represented by the form of stracić, among others, [ktoś] stracił [kogoś] z oczu, [ktoś] stracił głowę, [ktoś] stracił panowanie nad sobą, as well as [coś] straciło [coś] dla [kogoś], which is very similar to the analyzed unit. The unit, which is the subject matter of the article is [ktoś] stracił [kogoś/coś]. The author, by analysis syntactic and semantic characteristics of the unit, attempts to define its selectional restrictions and tries to answer the question on what this unit might mean. As a result, a representation of its semantic content is presented.
Źródło:
Linguistica Copernicana; 2016, 13; 159-171
2080-1068
2391-7768
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Context search algorithm for lexical knowledge acquisition
Autorzy:
Szymański, J.
Duch, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206264.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
semantic memory
knowledge representation
international retrieval
knowledge acquisition
Opis:
A Context Search algorithm used for lexical knowledge acquisition is presented. Knowledge representation based on psycholinguistic theories of cognitive processes allows for implementation of a computational model of semantic memory in the form of semantic network. Knowledge acquisition using supervised dialog templates have been performed in a word game designed to guess the concept a human user is thinking about. The game that has been implemented on a web server, demonstrates elementary linguistic competencies based on lexical knowledge stored in semantic memory, enabling at the same time acquisition and validation of knowledge. Possible applications of the algorithm in domains of medical diagnosis and information retrieval are sketched.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2012, 41, 1; 81-96
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Compositional analysis of interrogative imperatives in Hungarian
Autorzy:
Kleiber, Judit
Alberti, Gábor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040232.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
pragmatico-semantic analysis
belief–desire–intention framework
discourse representation theory
discourse markers
Opis:
The paper investigates utterances which combine imperative and interrogative elements in Hungarian. We intend to explore the scope of the hypothesis that the pragmatico-semantic content of mixed-type sentences can be obtained compositionally. We present four types of interrogative imperative. The imperative factor is indicated by subjunctive morphology on the verb. The interrogative character is represented by (1) rise-fall intonation which marks polar questions, (2) the discourse marker ugye expressing bias, (3) the particle vajon expressing self-reflection or hesitation, and (4) wavy intonation which indicates surprise. We claim that such sentences are primarily questions with their main function being ‘request for instruction’. For the analysis, we take a formal pragmatico-semantic point of view. Our goal is to demonstrate how these sentences can be analyzed compositionally within a belief–desire–intention frame. We apply the formal dynamic discourse- and mind-representation theory ReALIS. We have found that the pragmatico-semantic content (intensional profile) of each type can be constructed via using two formal operations: concatenation and pragmasemantic blending. The composition produces the required output, namely that the interrogation / bias / speculation / surprise which pertains to an eventuality in the case of a simple question, pertains to the “commanding” of this eventuality in the case of interrogative imperatives.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2017, 3; 117-135
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Classification of text documents by using expanded terms in Latent Semantic Analysis
Klasyfikacja dokumentów tekstowych przy użyciu rozbudowanych wyrażeń w niejawnej analizie semantycznej
Autorzy:
Śmiałkowska, B.
Gibert, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
text classification
information extraction
Latent Semantic Analysis
information retrieval
text representation
Opis:
In this article attention is paid to improving the quality of text document classification. The common techniques of analysis of text documents used in classification are shown and the weakness of these methods arc stressed. Discussed here is the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, which is increasing the quality of classification. In the proposed approach the expanded terms, obtained by using information patterns are used in the Latent Semantic Analysis. Finally empirical research is presented and based upon the quality measures of the text document classification, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is proved.
W artykule skoncentrowano się na poprawie jakości klasyfikacji dokumentów tekstowych. Zostały przybliżone najpopularniejsze techniki analizy dokumentów tekstowych wykorzystywanych w klasyfikacji. Zwrócono uwagę na słabe strony opisanych technik. Omówiono możliwość integracji metod ilościowych i jakościowych analizy tekstu i jej wpływ na poprawę jakości klasyfikacji. Zaproponowano rozwiązanie, w którym rozbudowane wyrażenia otrzymane za pomocą wzorców informacyjnych są wykorzystywane w niejawnej analizie semantycznej. Ostatecznie w oparciu o miary jakości klasyfikacji dokumentów tekstowych zaprezentowano wyniki badań testowych, które potwierdzają skuteczność zaproponowanego rozwiązania.
Źródło:
Theoretical and Applied Informatics; 2013, 25, 3-4; 239-250
1896-5334
Pojawia się w:
Theoretical and Applied Informatics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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