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    Wyświetlanie 1-22 z 22
    Tytuł:
    The Usability of Scenario Studies: the Case of the EUruralis from the Users’ Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Kowalczewska, Katarzyna
    Turnhout, Esther
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929924.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-03-21
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    EUruralis
    boundary object
    credibility
    legitimacy
    salience
    coproduction
    Opis:
    Scenario studies are seen as useful tools to support planning and decision making processes because they provide integrated projections of future trends and developments and their impacts on land use. They play an important role in facilitating cooperation and interaction at the science policy interface. This article contributes to new understandings of the role of science-based tools and instruments such as scenario studies at the science-policy interface. It uses a theoretical framework that connects the criteria of credibility, salience and legitimacy to the concepts of coproduction and boundary object to analyze the EUruralis project; a scenario study that addresses the future of agriculture and rural development in Europe. The findings demonstrate that aspects related to legitimacy contributed to the capacity of the EUruralis to function as a boundary object between the scientists and policymakers involved. They also show how cooperation in the EUruralis project resulted in joint learning and reflection. The article concludes by discussing the role of the EUruralis as a boundary object and connecting the findings to the concept of coproduction.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2012, 177, 1; 91-106
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Strength-based faithfulness and the sibilant /s/ in Italian
    Autorzy:
    Baroni, Antonio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1151872.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    complexity
    obstruent clusters
    casual speech
    phonotactics
    acoustic salience
    Opis:
    Notwithstanding the primacy of the CV syllable, a number of languages allow for more complex types of syllables. In particular, word-initial consonant clusters are particularly challenging for any phonological theory. In this paper it is argued that obstruent clusters may be the result of casual speech processes where the most salient/ frequent phonemes and features occurring in most pronunciation variants of a word are preserved. As a result, sibilants, being acoustically salient, tend to occur more often than other obstruents as the first member of word-initial obstruent clusters. A framework couched in Optimality Theory is presented, where a subfamily of faithfulness constraints refer to strength values stored in the underlying representation. The more salient and/or frequent a phoneme/feature is, the higher the strength value assigned to it. Finally, a number of languages are compared, arguing that their phonotactic differences may be due to the different ranking of markedness constraints and MAX-STRENGTHVALUE constraints.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2014, 1, 1
    2449-7525
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    O określoności narracyjnej w Bibliotece Kapitana Nemo P.O. Enquista
    Autorzy:
    Skrzypek, Dominika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177297.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    definiteness
    definite article
    salience
    określoność
    rodzajnik określony
    istotność
    Źródło:
    Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia; 2011, 12; 299-303
    1230-4786
    2299-6885
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimal innovation in press advertisements
    Autorzy:
    Wojtaszek, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/577113.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    advertising slogans
    appreciation
    intelligibility
    Optimal Innovation Hypothesis
    salience
    Opis:
    The discourse of advertising offers an environment conducive to the exploitation of novelty in language. Novelty can be conceptualised as an opposite of salience (Giora, 2003), being also a graded feature. Giora claims that there exists a specific level of novelty, which evokes pleasurable experience in recipients. She proposes Optimal Innovation Hypothesis, which may be implied in the investigation of various types of discourse marked with high originality. The paper reports on two studies. The initial one, described in Wojtaszek (2011), focused on the appreciation of three alternative versions of Polish and British advertising slogans, while the subsequent one is the attempt to find a relationship between the previous findings and the degree of legibility of the investigated texts. In the appreciation task the plain formulations received the lowest scores, followed by the highly innovative slogans, with the optimally innovative formulations ranking highest. In the task where evaluation of clarity was performed, the plain formulations turned out to be the easiest, the optimally innovative slogans were a bit more difficult, and the highly innovative ones the least conspicuous. A number of interesting dependencies were also found, suggesting further developments for the future.
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Silesiana; 2011, 32; 121-132
    0208-4228
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Silesiana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Anxiety-Buffering Properties of Cultural and Subcultural Worldviews: Terror Management Processes among Juvenile Delinquents
    Autorzy:
    Baka, Lukasz
    Derbis, Romuald
    Maxfield, Molly
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430537.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    terror management theory
    cultural worldview
    mortality salience
    juvenile delinquents
    Opis:
    Terror management research indicates that people reminded of mortality strongly affirm values and standards consistent with their cultural worldview and distance themselves from values and standards inconsistent with it. However, limited research has addressed how individuals holding beliefs inconsistent with the dominant worldview cope with death-related anxiety. The present article aims to determine which worldview subcultural groups rely on when reminded of mortality: mainstream or subcultural? Juvenile delinquents living in residential reformatories in Poland were invited to participate in a terror management study examining the anxiety-buffering strategies of individuals belonging to a group largely outside mainstream culture. Following reminders of mortality, juvenile delinquents increased support for values consistent with the mainstream cultural worldview and decreased support for values consistent with the subcultural worldview, as compared to control conditions. The present results suggest that when faced with existential threat, the subcultural worldview does not provide an adequate anxiety buffer, leading members of this subcultural group to display increased identification with mainstream cultural values. Additionally, participants’ state anxiety following death reminders was mediated by mainstream cultural worldview defense.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 1; 1-11
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Defense strategies against existential fear
    Autorzy:
    Łukaszewski, Wiesław
    Boguszewska, Julia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703197.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    mortality salience
    self-esteem
    worldview
    social approval
    mood regulation
    Opis:
    This paper analyzes people’s responses to the experience of the strongest existential terror – the fear of death. The first section describes the Terror Management Theory (TMT) and its proposed ways of reducing fear: by boosting one’s self-esteem and by activating a collective system of meanings. However, much of the data discussed further in the paper shows that facts related to the experience of mortality salience are better explained and predicted by the assumption that the regulatory mechanism relies on seeking social approval and on mood regulation. This has been reflected by such surprising behavior as increased interest in one’s appearance, conspicuous consumption, or seeking power in response to confronting the idea of death. However, further studies are needed to resolve existing controversies.
    Źródło:
    Nauka; 2008, 4
    1231-8515
    Pojawia się w:
    Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A mediatory role of finance education in perception of chosen economic aspects in family and non-family firms
    Autorzy:
    Zajkowski, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/582587.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    company’s objectives
    economic education salience
    mediations models
    Opis:
    Proper goals setting respects the current market circumstances, considers assessment of facts, respects various options and takes into consideration their consequences. Different decisions in companies are often taken fast, under stress, when emotions or other factors are likely to influence their results. The paper considers three aspects: self-assessment of the companies’ performance related to the industry, economic goals and economic education. The aim is to investigate whether education can mediate the interrelation between self-assessment of companies’ performance and salience of their economic goals. With the use of linear regression models of mediation and correlation coefficients it was pointed out that the self-esteem of companies’ performance compared to the sector as a factor of financial decision is mitigated by economic education.
    Źródło:
    Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2018, 519; 184-198
    1899-3192
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Political Representation of Salient Issues
    Autorzy:
    Burean, Toma
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810948.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    political representation
    congruence
    salience
    left-right
    Eastern Europe
    Opis:
    This paper deals with research into the quality of democracy and political representation and intends to make two contributions to the debate on the representation of citizens’ preferences in Eastern Europe. First, attention is focused on the level of congruence in a period of transition (1998–2001) in two countries: Hungary and Poland. The intent is to demonstrate that political representation, understood as a congruence of preferences on issues, is present in transitional democracies and improves in Poland from 1997 to 2001. Second, differences in congruence are accounted for. The first hypothesis is that citizens’ and parliamentarians’ rankings of the importance of issues will differ due to the different reasons these groups become involved in politics. Secondly, the variation of congruence is explained by the importance (salience) citizens attribute to an issue. Furthermore, saliency makes political parties crowd to represent the majority preference. On less salient issues political party representatives hold to their ideological preferences. For comparison purposes congruence is operationalized as a ‘one to many linkage’ and is measured in accord with the measurements of Kitschelt et al. (1999) of absolute and relative representation. The hypotheses are tested using data from 1997 and 2001 for Poland and 1998 for Hungary. The data allows for measuring policy preference on a range of issues in economic, social, cultural, and foreign policy domains. The measures of congruence are unique in recording the preferences of a sample of citizens and a sample of representatives in both countries. For citizens, the analysis was conducted at the level of individuals and party-supporter groups, while for the MPs, it was conducted at the level of political party groups. The findings have implications for the study of how saliency affects political representation and contribute to the understanding of the transition to democracy in Eastern Europe.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2015, 191, 3; 329-353
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Strength-based faithfulness and the sibilant /s/ in Italian
    Autorzy:
    Baroni, Antonio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2135356.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-11-19
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    complexity
    obstruent clusters
    casual speech
    phonotactics
    acoustic salience
    Opis:
    Notwithstanding the primacy of the CV syllable, a number of languages allow for more complex types of syllables. In particular, word-initial consonant clusters are particularly challenging for any phonological theory. In this paper it is argued that obstruent clusters may be the result of casual speech processes where the most salient/ frequent phonemes and features occurring in most pronunciation variants of a word are preserved. As a result, sibilants, being acoustically salient, tend to occur more often than other obstruents as the first member of word-initial obstruent clusters. A framework couched in Optimality Theory is presented, where a subfamily of faithfulness constraints refer to strength values stored in the underlying representation. The more salient and/or frequent a phoneme/feature is, the higher the strength value assigned to it. Finally, a number of languages are compared, arguing that their phonotactic differences may be due to the different ranking of markedness constraints and MAX-STRENGTHVALUE constraints.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2014, 1, 1; 29-53
    2449-7525
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza rysunków/szkiców i wypowiedzi werbalnych dzieci na temat budowy anatomicznej człowieka
    An analysis of children’s drawings/sketches and interviews about the internal structure of the human body
    Autorzy:
    Rybska, Eliza
    Błaszak, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388045.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
    Tematy:
    default network
    executive network
    salience network
    drawings
    sketches
    subjectivity
    Opis:
    The article discusses the results of an analysis of student’s drawings/sketches and interviews about the internal structure of the human body. The problems discussed in this article have an interdisciplinary approach. Our goal was not a psychological analysis of children’s drawings, but the presentation of such productions in the light of two dimensions (drawing and sketching) and the justification of highlighting them in relation to research in the field of cognitive science. Hence, the analysis of graphic productions is presented from a didactic dimension (e.g. the scale used to classify children’s graphical products), biological (anatomy) and cognitive – classifying them as drawings or sketches. The latest findings from neuroscience suggest that there are three networks involved in our brain – default, executive, and salient. Each of these networks generates different energy costs, involves different ways of processing information, or different effects resulting from its recruitment. The authors claim that the graphic may also reflect the involvement of one of the networks. While drawings are produced by using the executive network, sketches are the results of implementing a default network. Both drawings and sketches make it possible to explore the children’s conceptions on a given topic. The differences between them are revealed when within this product, one might (or might not) find a reflection of subjectivity. While the executive network run by drawing allows one to reflect a concept, to answer a question, the inclusion of the default network allows one to run the autobiographical memory, to ask questions, and to search for an answer.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2016, 32, 1; 27-47
    1734-1582
    2451-2230
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lexical Concepts as Fluctuating Structures
    Autorzy:
    Budnikova, Alyona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973303.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    lexical concept
    feature weights
    ways-of-seeing
    facets
    meaning
    profiling
    salience
    Opis:
    Lexical concepts (i.e. semantic units conventionally associated with linguistic forms) are viewed in the article as structures consisting of interrelated facets (i.e. conceptual slots filled with various types of information about the referent) with different structural weight. The paper suggests a way to model the graded structure of lexical concepts by assessing the weight of each constituting facet according to its relevance for defining purposes, frequency of contextual profiling and salience in derivation processes. Thus, the approach taken exploits as many linguistic points of access to the concept as possible and uses three different dimensions to range its facets. The suggested idea is verified with a case study of some common lexical concepts in English (e.g. represented by concrete nouns such as “bird”, “tree”, etc.), which reveals both the advantages and the limitations of the approach taken.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2019, 33, 1
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Brain, mind and modern human identity – dilemmas and solutions
    Autorzy:
    Błaszak, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703008.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    predictive mind
    bayesian brain
    salience network
    central executive network
    default mode network
    human cognitive evolution
    Opis:
    Human brain is “the perfect guessing machine” (James V. Stone (2012) Vision and Brain, Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, p. 155), trying to interpret sensory data in the light of previous biases or beliefs. Bayesian inference is carried out by three complex networks of the human brain: salience network, central executive network, and default mode network. Their function is analysed both in neurotypical person and Attention Deficit Disorder. Modern human being having predictive brain and overloaded mind must develop social identity, whose evolution went probably through three stages: social selection based on punishment, sexual selection based on reputation, and group selection based on identity.
    Źródło:
    Nauka; 2017, 1
    1231-8515
    Pojawia się w:
    Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Etnolingwistyka daleka i bliska
    Autorzy:
    Głaz, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/611827.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    ethnolinguistics, ethnography, abduction, salience, corpus, textual data
    etnolingwistyka
    etnografia
    abdukcja
    wyrazistość
    korpus
    dane tekstowe
    Opis:
    Lublin ethnolinguistics, its value and possibilities of promotion in a broader international context, must be seen against the backdrop of comparable approaches (not necessarily functioning under the same name) proposed in Western linguistics or drawing inspiration from Western scholarship. The latter is represented in the present volume by articles authored by Gary B. Palmer, Bert Peeters, Irena Vanková, and Przemysław Łozowski and Anna Włodarczyk-Stachurska, all being discussed in this introductory survey.Next, ideas are proposed for future action aimed at popularizing Lublin ethnolinguistics in the West, as well as establishing networks of collaborators from Western countries.
    Autor stwierdza, że sytuację lubelskiej etnolingwistyki, jej wartość i możliwość zaistnienia w szerszym kontekście międzynarodowym, należy postrzegać na tle zbliżonych koncepcji językoznawczych (niekoniecznie funkcjonujących pod tą samą nazwą) wypracowanych w świecie zachodnim lub czerpiących z zachodnich tradycji lingwistycznych. Reprezentują je publikowane w niniejszym tomie „Etnolingwistyki” (27) artykuły autorstwa Gary’ego Palmera, Berta Peetersa, Ireny Vankovej oraz Przemysława Łozowskiego i AnnyWłodarczyk-Stachurskiej, które autor omawia. Postuluje podjęcie działań mających na celu promocję myśli lubelskiej na Zachodzie oraz pozyskanie do współpracy badaczy stamtąd.
    Źródło:
    Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury; 2015, 27
    0860-8032
    Pojawia się w:
    Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Genesis and Development of Research on Motivational Sailence at the Vasil Levski National Military University of Bulgaria
    Autorzy:
    Petrova, Elitsa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086243.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    motivational salience of military students
    satisfaction with training
    military training
    professional preparation of cadets
    Opis:
    The purpose of the article is to search and presenting methods of supporting education in the field of security and defense using the opportunities for implementing integrated educational and scientific fields, where one of these is the motivation salience area. Method: Survey-based on the questionnaire that included 24 points, helping achieve the scientific goals and allow testing the validity of the research hypothesis formulated and made scientific assumptions. The representative sample has been made up of 156 people. Results: The main part of the study was conducted in the period 2013-2017 and aims to analyze the motivational performance in the training process of four consecutive classes of learners in order to develop models for linear prognosis of trends on certain dimensions: 1) Personal effort, 2) Perceptions and attitudes towards equity 3) Achieved results and performance, 4) Positive and negative reinforcements, awards and sanctions, 5) Relation expected effort - prize probability - degree of satisfaction. Conclusion/findings: Protecting and promoting the development of Bulgarian education in the field of security and defense could not be achieved without stepping up cooperation in a bilateral format and without using the opportunities for implementing integrated educational and scientific projects in the EU Encouraging and motivating young people to continue their education in these areas is an important milestone in overcoming social and demographic problems through the production of security and defense specialists without neglecting the need to develop and strengthen the scientific and research activities for their training needs and the process of acquiring appropriate education.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2021, 6, 11; 1--12
    2450-6869
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Język, kultura, wartość – ku lingwistyce opartej na abdukcji i wyrazistości
    Autorzy:
    Peeters, Bert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/611351.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    applied ethnolinguistics
    language teaching
    languaculture
    abduction
    salience
    etnolingwistyka stosowana
    nauka języka obcego
    jezyko-kultura
    abdukcja
    wyrazistość
    Opis:
    In recent work, I have laid the foundations of a framework which I refer to as applied ethnolinguistics, and which is intended as a tool that can be used in the advanced foreign language classroom to make students aware of the fact that the language they are learning contains numerous cues that can help them gain a better understanding of the cultural values generally upheld by native speakers of their chosen foreign language. The notions of languaculture, abductive reasoning, and salience will be integrated into what is hoped to be a coherent procedure for dealing with apparently inexplicable cultural behaviours. Six pathways, ethnolexicology, ethnorhetoric, ethnophraseology, ethnosyntax, ethnopragmatics, and ethnoaxiology, are proposed as specific directions guiding the process of language and culture teaching in a multicultural classroom.
    W jednej z niedawnych prac autor zaproponował model etnolingwistyki stosowanej jako narzędzia do wykorzystania w nauce języka obcego na poziomie zaawansowanym (na uczelniach wyższych). Model ten ma służyć uświadomieniu studentom, iż poznają oni liczne wskazówki mogące pomóc w zrozumieniu wartości kulturowych wyznawanych przez rodzimych użytkowników danego języka obcego. Jest to zintegrowany model łączący pojęcia języko-kultury, abdukcji i wyrazistości, mający pomóc w zrozumieniu pozornie niewytłumaczalnych zachowań o podłożu kulturowym. Służy temu sześć „ścieżek” funkcjonujących jako drogowskazy dla nauczycieli i studentów, pomagających im wykorzystać możliwości stwarzane przez kontekst wielokulturowych zajęć uniwersyteckich; są to: etnoleksykologia, etnoretoryka, etnofrazeologia, etnoskładnia, etnopragmatyka i etnoaksjologia.
    Źródło:
    Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury; 2015, 27
    0860-8032
    Pojawia się w:
    Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Functionally salient features in the semantics of lexical items
    Cechy funkcjonalnie wyraziste w semantyce jednostek leksykalnych
    Autorzy:
    Budnikova, Alyona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2117885.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    wyrazistość funkcjonalna
    znaczenie leksykalne
    ważność cechy
    profilowanie
    nazwy zwierząt
    functional salience
    lexical meaning
    feature weights
    profiling
    Opis:
    The aim of the present research is to work out and test a model of lexical meaning in terms of the functional salience of its constituents, i.e. the frequency of profiling of semantic features in different aspects of word functioning: as an element in the language system (paradigmatic salience), in context (syntagmatic salience), and in the formation of derived units (derivational salience). These parameters, viewed as objective criteria to assess feature weights, are used to reconstruct the organization of semantic features in the meanings of some common English animal names.
    Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wypracowanie i przetestowanie modelu znaczenia leksykalnego odnośnie wyrazistości funkcjonalnej składników, tzn. częstotliwości profilowania cech semantycznych w różnych aspektach funkcjonowania słowa: jako element w systemie języka (wyrazistość paradygmatyczna), w kontekście (wyrazistość syntagmatyczna) oraz w tworzeniu jednostek derywacyjnych (wyrazistość derywacyjna). Elementy te – postrzegane jako obiektywne kryteria do oceny ważności cech – używane są do rekonstrukcji organizacji cech semantycznych znaczeń powszechnie występujących nazw zwierząt w języku angielskim.
    Źródło:
    Białostockie Archiwum Językowe; 2015, 15; 79-96
    1641-6961
    Pojawia się w:
    Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On Socio-Cultural Situatedness in Style Attribution: A Study of Style in Hungarian
    Autorzy:
    Ballagó, Júlia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912433.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    joint attention
    metapragmatic awareness
    social salience
    socio-cultural factors
    socio-cultural situatedness
    style attribution
    stylistic markedness
    Opis:
    Building upon the theoretical foundations of social cognitive linguistics, this paper makes the case for considering the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness in the intersubjective context of joint attention as a key factor in the process of style attribution. Specifically, socio-cultural situatedness is regarded as a crucial component of the speaker’s perspective, playing a decisive role in the construal of style. In order to support this central assumption, the paper presents a two-phase empirical study of style in Hungarian. In the first phase, the authors conducted a questionnaire study to find out which everyday, intuitive labels of style give evidence of the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness. The questionnaire made use of 12 excerpts of Hungarian university seminars to elicit reflections on style attributions. In the second phase, relying on the results of the first survey, a subsequent questionnaire was conducted. The aim of the second questionnaire was to operationalize folk categories of style attested in the first phase to describe style and measure stylistic markedness. Reconsidering earlier descriptive models, we found that the folk categories of style foreground different aspects of the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness which – on a more abstract level – can be successfully described by the heuristic scientific categories of socio-cultural factors, which imply the speaker’s socio-cultural attitude to different aspects of style in the recipient’s interpretation. The speaker’s socio-cultural attitude comprises her attitude to the formation of discourse, to the discourse partner, to the value of the topic, to the temporality of constructions and to the norms of the register of the discourse.
    Źródło:
    New Horizons in English Studies; 2020, 5; 3-23
    2543-8980
    Pojawia się w:
    New Horizons in English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Would you fancy a premium five o’clock after the funeral? Application of Terror Management Theory in daily shopping decisions
    Czy miałbyś ochotę na herbatkę po pogrzebie? Zastosowanie teorii opanowania trwogi w codziennych decyzjach zakupowych
    Autorzy:
    Walczak, Radosław B.
    Gerymski, Rafał
    Filipkowski, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/651431.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    lęk przed śmiercią
    decyzje konsumenckie
    produkty luksusowe
    teoria opanowania trwogi
    fear of death
    consumer choice
    luxury products
    terror management theory
    mortality salience
    Opis:
    Przedstawione badanie weryfikowało, jak aktywizacja myślenia o śmierci wpływała na wybory zakupowe produktów spożywczych. W badaniu wzięli udział studenci (N = 130; Mage = 22,7; Meage = 21) różniący się pod względem poziomu świadomego lęku przed śmiercią. Uczestnicy zostali podzieleni na dwie grupy eksperymentalne i jedną kontrolną. Nie aktywizowano myślenia o śmierci w grupie kontrolnej. W pierwszej grupie eksperymentalnej aktywizowano myślenie o śmierci przy pomocy historii o eutanazji, w drugiej zaś poprzez prośbę wyobrażenia sobie własnej śmierci. Grupy eksperymentalne przed przystąpieniem do eksperymentu wypełniały kwestionariusz lęku przed śmiercią. Następnie badani mieli określić swoje codzienne preferencje zakupowe, dokonując wyboru pomiędzy paroma standardowymi oraz luksusowymi produktami spożywczymi, wybranymi w badaniu pilotażowym. Wyniki pokazują mniejszy wybór produktów luksusowych przez osoby w grupach z aktywizowanym myśleniem o śmierci. Świadomy poziom lęku przed śmiercią nie miał wpływu na decyzje badanych. Wyniki są dyskutowane w perspektywie teorii opanowania trwogi.
    The present study has investigated how fear-of-death activation affected consumer food product choices. Undergraduate students (N = 130; Mage = 22.7; Meage = 21) differing on the conscious fear of death level participated in this study. The participants were divided into two experimental and one control groups. In first experimental group fear of death was induced by asking the participants to read an euthanasia story, in second experimental group by asking them to picture their own death. All experimental groups filled a fear of death personality measure prior to the experiment. Afterwards, participants had to indicate their usual shopping preferences, by choosing between several standard and premium-looking food items which were selected in the pilot study. Results show a decreased number of premium product choices in the death activation groups. Conscious level of fear had no impact on those choices. Results are discussed under the terror management theory framework.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica; 2018, 22; 5-15
    2353-4842
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis and Short Presentation of Study on Motivational Salience and Satisfaction with Training in the Field of Security and Defence
    Autorzy:
    Petrova, Elitsa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1427286.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    motivational salience of military students
    satisfaction with training
    military training
    professional preparation of cadets
    cechy motywacyjne studentów wojskowych
    satysfakcja ze szkolenia
    przeszkolenie wojskowe
    przygotowanie zawodowe kadetów
    Opis:
    Purpose: The purpose of the article is a presentation and an analysis of research on motivational salience and satisfaction with training in the field of security and defense that was carried out with the assistance of a number of universities and academies in Europe. Method: Survey research and statistical analysis including, and certain statistical methods were applied for processing of the grouped statistical data, their interpretation and offering of the relevant decisions. Results: The study attempts to outline the foundation of the methodology for conducting research on motivational salience and its relation with satisfaction in security and defense training, following the example of higher education institutions in Europe. The research findings are characterized by the scale of scientific and practical research and covering 19 educational institutions in the field of security and defense in Europe. The research is distinguished by the presence of a scientific subject not only at the national level but also at the international level. The results are in the area of interest to the academic staff of the military universities and academies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, and others. Conlusion/findings: The study was discussed at the extended scientific board of the Logistics of the Security Department at the Vasil Levski National Military University in Bulgaria. The thesis that has been elaborated as a result of carried out works was the subject of the defense in the Security and Defence area of higher education in Bulgaria.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2020, 5, 10; 26-36
    2450-6869
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On Multiple Metonymies Within Indirect Speech Acts
    Autorzy:
    Kosecki, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620679.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    conceptual distance
    construal of salience
    idealized cognitive model (ICM)
    indirect directive
    indirect speech act
    metonymic chain
    metonymy
    multiple metonymies
    multi-levelled metonymies
    zone activation
    Opis:
    Indirect speech acts are frequently structured by more than a single metonymy. The metonymies are related not only to the illocutionary force of the utterances, but also function within the individual lexemes being their parts. An indirect speech act can thus involve not only multiple, but also multi-levelled operation of conceptual metonymy.
    Źródło:
    Research in Language; 2007, 5; 213-219
    1731-7533
    Pojawia się w:
    Research in Language
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Genesis and Development of Research on Motivational Sailence at the Vasil Levski National Military University of Bulgaria
    Autorzy:
    Petrova, Elitsa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1427308.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
    Tematy:
    motivational salience of military students
    satisfaction with training
    military training
    professional preparation of cadets
    cechy motywacyjne studentów wojskowych
    satysfakcja ze szkolenia
    przeszkolenie wojskowe
    przygotowanie zawodowe kadetów
    Opis:
    Purpose: The purpose of the article is to search and presenting methods of supporting education in the field of security and defense using the opportunities for implementing integrated educational and scientific fields, where one of these is the motivation salience area. Method: Survey-based on the questionnaire that included 24 points, helping achieve the scientific goals and allow testing the validity of the research hypothesis formulated and made scientific assumptions. The representative sample has been made up of 156 people. Results: The main part of the study was conducted in the period 2013-2017 and aims to analyze the motivational performance in the training process of four consecutive classes of learners in order to develop models for linear prognosis of trends on certain dimensions: 1) Personal effort, 2) Perceptions and attitudes towards equity 3) Achieved results and performance, 4) Positive and negative reinforcements, awards and sanctions, 5) Relation expected effort - prize probability - degree of satisfaction. Conlusion/findings: Protecting and promoting the development of Bulgarian education in the field of security and defense could not be achieved without stepping up cooperation in a bilateral format and without using the opportunities for implementing integrated educational and scientific projects in the EU Encouraging and motivating young people to continue their education in these areas is an important milestone in overcoming social and demographic problems through the production of security and defense specialists without neglecting the need to develop and strengthen the scientific and research activities for their training needs and the process of acquiring appropriate education.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2020, 5, 10; 1-12
    2450-6869
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Filozofia prawa międzynarodowego Ronalda Dworkina
    Ronald Dworkin’s Philosophy of International Law
    Autorzy:
    Widłak, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531425.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej – Sekcja Polska IVR
    Tematy:
    Ronald Dworkin
    prawo międzynarodowe
    społeczność międzynarodowa
    zasada istotności
    konstytucjonalizm globalny
    konstytucjonalizacja prawa międzynarodowego
    filozofia prawa międzynarodowego
    prawo globalne
    international law
    international society
    principle of salience
    global constitutionalism
    constitutionalization of international law
    international legal theory
    global law
    Opis:
    Ronald Dworkin nie poświęcał uwagi fundamentalnym filozoficznym pytaniom dotyczącym specyfiki prawa międzynarodowego. Zmieniło się to pod koniec jego życia, gdy napisał artykuł zatytułowany „Nowa filozofia prawa międzynarodowego”, opublikowany już po jego śmierci. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest rekonstrukcja zasadniczych tez charakterystycznych dla podejścia Dworkina, odniesienie się do krytyków jego propozycji oraz umiejscowienie tej debaty w kontekście nurtu konstytucjonalizmu globalnego. W pierwszej części artykułu, autor rekonstruuje trzy tezy nowej filozofii prawa międzynarodowego Dworkina. Zgodnie z pierwszą z nich, prawo międzynarodowe wymaga pojmowania interpretywistycznego i ugruntowania w moralności politycznej społeczności międzynarodowej (wspólnoty międzynarodowej). Drugą tezę amerykańskiego uczonego można sformułować następująco: legitymizacja polityczna władzy na poziomach narodowym i międzynarodowym jest jednolita. Trzecią tezą Dworkina jest postulat wdrożenia w prawie międzynarodowym zasady istotności (principle of salience) jako podstawowej zasady strukturalnej. Po krytycznym omówieniu teorii Dworkina, w drugiej części artykułu zaproponowana zostanie konstytucyjna interpretacja nowej filozofii prawa międzynarodowego. Aby teoria mogła kwalifikować się jako podejście konstytucyjne, musi spełnić dwa warunki konstytucjonalizmu globalnego. Pierwszym z nich jest prymat praw podmiotowych, drugim zaś prymat norm konstytucyjnych w ramach systemu prawnego. Konkluzją artykułu jest teza, że nowa filozofia prawa międzynarodowego Ronalda Dworkina spełnia te warunki, zaś zasada istotności stanowi de facto fundamentalną zasadę konstytucyjną opartą na uzasadnieniu moralnym. Propozycja przedstawiona przez Dworkina stanowi jedynie ogólny zarys jego teorii prawa międzynarodowego i może być w przyszłości rozwijana. Bez względu na polityczne uwarunkowania, prawnicy i filozofowie mają co najmniej intelektualne zobowiązanie tworzenia nowych modeli teoretycznych dla prawa międzynarodowego.
    During his academic career Ronald Dworkin did not show much interest in the fundamental philosophical questions on international legal issues. This had changed towards the end of his life when he wrote an article titled „A New Philosophy for International Law” published posthumously. The aim of this article is to summarise the key arguments of Dworkin’s approach, address some of its critics as well as to suggest the possibility of further development of this discussion in the context of current global constitutionalism. In the first part, three thesis of Dworkin’s approach are reconstructed. The first one claims that international law requires interpretative understanding which should be grounded in the political morality of the international community. The second thesis can be formulated as follows: the legitimacy of political power at the national and international levels is uniform. The third thesis demands the implementation of the principle of salience in international law as the basic structural principle. After discussing critically Dworkin’s theory, in second part the article proposes a constitutional interpretation of the new philosophy for international law. Two conditions of global constitutionalism have to be satisfied by the theory in order to consider it as a constitutionalist approach. The first condition is the primacy of individual rights and second is the primacy of constitutional norms within the system. The conclusion is that the conditions are satisfied for Dworkin’s new philosophy of international law and his principle of salience is in fact a deeply constitutional arrangement based on moral justification. Dworkin’s proposal constitutes only a rough sketch, however there is a potential for developments. Lawyers and philosophers have at least an intellectual responsibility for building new viable theoretical models for international law.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej; 2016, 1(12); 64-77
    2082-3304
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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