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Tytuł:
Policy of the Russian Federation towards Kurds in the Syrian Conflict
Autorzy:
Bielicki, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-21
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Kurds
Turkey
Afrin
Opis:
The main purpose of the article is to present the conditions and dependencies that characterize Russian-Kurdish relations from the beginning of the Syrian conflict. The author emphasizes the role of Kurds in the Arab world and in the global strategy of Russia. At the beginning, he follows the history of the relationship between Russia and Kurds from he Persian crisis in 1946 to 1991 and the moderate reaction of the Kremlin to the failed Kurdish uprising in Iraq in that year. He addresses the issue of Russia's return to the Middle East and its limited support for the Kurdish side in the fight against ISIS in Syria. He describes Moscow's position on the referendum in Iraqi Kurdistan, which also affects the events in Syria and contributes to the additional heating of tension. He also analyzes issues related to the latest offensive of Turkish forces in the Afrin region in Syria against Kurds. In the summary, the author signals forecasts for the future in mutual contacts and attempts to answer the question whether Moscow will want to strengthen Kurdish position in negotiations regarding the end of the Syrian conflict.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2018, 1 (27); 33-50
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja i perspektywy procesu integracji pomiędzy Białorusią i Rosją
Evolution and the Perspectives of the Integration Process between Belarus and Russia
Autorzy:
Tworek, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/3200740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Belarus
Union State
Opis:
The article examines the specificity of the integration process between Belarus and Russia from 1991 to 2021. Due to historical and socio-cultural determinants Russia considers the Republic of Belarus as a part of its natural sphere of influence. Created in 1999, a “union state” become the main instrument of economic integration with efforts in the defense and intelligence. This arrangement was not fully implemented, but the Kremlin is committed to reestablish regional hegemony and increase Belarus dependance and commitment to Russia’s strategic goals.
Źródło:
Polonia Journal; 2021, 14; 81-97
2083-3121
Pojawia się w:
Polonia Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian anti-access potential (A2 / AD) on the Crimean Peninsula
Autorzy:
Reśkiewicz, Patryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
Russian Federation
A2/AD
NATO
Opis:
The purpose of the following article is to present the military capabilities of the Russian Federation located on the Crimean peninsula, and to define in this context Russian A2/AD anti-access capabilities and their impact on the security architecture of the Black Sea region, in particular NATO's south-eastern flank.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego; 2020, R. XIV; 269--286
1898-3189
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transport policy priorities on the example of the seaports of Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
maritime transport
Russian Federation
strategic guidelines
Opis:
The following paper presents the Russian Federation’s policy on sea transport based on The Transport Strategy of The RF. On the one hand the Russian strategic programs are analyzed. On the other hand, the conduct of the strategic plans (guided by governmental assemblies) is taken into consideration.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2019, 1
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Факторы профессионального саморазвития личности в процессе вузовского образования
Autorzy:
Щуров, E.A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
education
education system
Russian Federation
society
Opis:
Modernization of the education system in higher education institutions of the ministry of internal affairs is connected with the problems of personal improvement and self-development of the police officer: russian citizens expect law enforcement agencies to effectively combat crime. The work of the employees of the internal affairs agencies should respond to a new situation: they must more actively use all the most modern tools, maintain a high level of discipline, take care of their professional training. given the current situation, the goals and tasks facing the ministry of internal affairs at the current stage, the modernization of the system of professional training of specialists of the ministry of internal affairs of russia is linked with the orientation toward new paradigms of education (practice-oriented, personality-oriented, etc.). Today, new requirements are imposed on the nature and content of pedagogical activity in the context of the competence orientation of the pedagogical space of a departmental university. in this regard, it should be noted that one of the most important tasks facing the educational institutions of the system of the ministry of internal affairs of russia is the formation of a modern concept of cadets and technologies, designed to provide an effective solution of tasks in the field of professional self-development of cadets in the process of practicalrussian federation.
Źródło:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2018, 3(24); 143-147
1730-0266
Pojawia się w:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ORGANIZACJE MIĘDZYNARODOWE ROSYJSKIEJ DIASPORY
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN DIASPORA
Autorzy:
Kuczyńka - Zonik, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Russian diaspora
international organizations
the Russian Federation
Opis:
When the Soviet Union collapsed Russian society abroad started to search for a new identity that can be recognized as idea of Русский Мир. The consolidation has started and initiated a process of the institutionalization of the Russian diaspora. The period of Vladimir Putin's presidency is clearly indicated here, when the interest in authority of the Russian diaspora coincided with an increase of Russian social activism on a global scale. In contrast to Boris Yeltsin, who inefficiently tried to integrate the Russian diaspora, his successor Vladimir Putin actively supports Russian diaspora organizations to promote Russian cultures and values. It is why the subject of the article is international organizations of the Russian diaspora founded after 2000. Doubtless institutions of the Russian diaspora are up and running, with the majority of them being national, while a few of them are international. The method of comparison allowed for the researching of the process of their foundation, membership, activity, relationship to (dependence on) the Russian Federation, as well as the international role in protecting the rights of Russian minorities. Data bases on the organizations’ statutes and statements provided the source material for the analysis.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2016, 14, 2; 50-68 (19)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legitimacy of Power of the President of the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Gardocki, Sylwester
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Russian society
political culture
the Russian Federation
Opis:
Russian President is both a political institution of key importance and a distinctive individual of a specific manner of behaviour in his authoritarian rules. In this article I would like to present the role of the President in society with reference to historical heritage and the modern political culture of Russian society. Taking into consideration the fact that public opinion and the media, in conditions of democracy or democratization, constitute basic social mechanism that forms bases and formulas of legitimacy, I have decided that it is merge to join the issues into one. It is the President that I aim my examination at, not the Russian media themselves, the history of their development after 1991, or their ownership structure that governs them. The media will be of interest as long as they are necessary to understand how the President legitimizes his powers, to what extent he is successful, and what scope of success or failure depends on in the legitimacy efforts.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2007, 36; 26-59
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zarządzanie regionem, regionalizm i region w Federacji Rosyjskiej
Autorzy:
Bazhenova, Elena
Sroślak, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
regional management, regionalism, region, Russian Federation
Opis:
Regional management, regionalism and region in Russian Federation Regional sciences in Russia have a long and rich history. From a historical point of view, it’s beginnings can be found in the early XX century – during the time of organising the Soviet system and economy within the framework of ZSRR, when the science of regional management had led to creating many practical social solutions, and some, though they are now attributed to other sciences, economical. Importance of regional sciences had risen a lot in the past 20 due to changes in national economy as a whole caused by the process of switching to free market which creates the need for working out new laws, that could regulate reshaping the economy on a regional level, including at the same time the needs of whole country and its economy. It is possible to notice regularities connected with regulative and real practices within the regional management science, that can be summmed up by saying that officially declared political and economical goals are not always in relations to actual social and economical practices. As a consequence, a problem of defining the real state of matters within this domain. As a consequence, it was necessary to assess the true conditions existing within this field through analysing particular topics connected to that domain of science. As a result of conducting an analise a belief was made, that the main subject of concepts of regional management, as well as actual political decisions regarding this issue was the need to adapt regions and their economies and population to the current and future production needs, most commonly on the national level.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne; 2013, 1(21)
2084-3968
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ближневосточный геостратегический вектор Российской Федерации
Middle East geostrategic vector of the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Кондратенко, Олег
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521489.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Middle east
geostragegy
ISIS
Opis:
The Russian Federation is actively seeking to reestablish its influence in the Middle East, which at one time was an important area of geostrategic interests of the USSR. In the 1990s, Russia was trying to consolidate itself in the Middle East by demonstrating its participation in the settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict and in helping to curtail the Iranian nuclear program. Recently, the Russian Federation has strengthened its presence in the Middle East by supporting B. Assad’s authoritarian regime, besides, the provocation of instability in Syria, in the face of the fight against ISIS, has led to an increase in the flow of refugees to the European Union, which thereby undermines its stability and unity. Russia is also interested in spreading control over the extraction and transit of energy resources to Europe, and because of the support of the destruction in the region of the Middle East, Moscow is taking steps to eliminate energy rivals in the European market for hydrocarbons, as the oil and gas transit of the Persian Gulf is carried out precisely by the territory of Syria. In general, the overwhelming task of strengthening Russia’s influence in the Middle East is to patronize the creation of an anti-Western coalition from among such states as Syria, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Egypt and Libya. An indication of this is the build-up of Russia’s supply of Iran and Egypt with the latest weaponry in order to increase their geopolitical weight and change the balance of power in the region as a whole. With all of the Russian-Turkish relations are unstable, primarily because of differences in the support of the Syrian regime, B. Asad.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2017, 11; 479-499
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
To Justify against All Odds: The Annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the Russian Legal Scholarship
Autorzy:
Zadorozhnii, Oleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-07-26
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
aggression
annexation
Crimea
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Opis:
This article is dedicated to the publications of the Russian legal scholars on the annexation of Crimea in 2014 or, according to the Russian version of the events “Crimea’s reunification with Russia.” Based on the factual circumstances of the case and the norms of Ukrainian constitutional law and international law, as well as modern approaches in international legal doctrine, the article analyses the key arguments of the Russian authorities and its legal scholarship, namely the following: 1) Russia’s use of force against Ukraine was necessary to defend Russian nationals and compatriots; 2) Russia’s use of force against Ukraine was a lawful response to the request for assistance by the legitimate leaders of Ukraine (V. Yanukovych) and Crimea (S. Aksyonov); 3) the events in Crimea were a secession, with the subsequent accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation as an independent state; 4) Ukraine disregarded the principle of the equality and self-determination of peoples vis-à-vis the residents of Crimea, therefore, Crimeans had the right to secede; 5) Crimea is historically Russian; 6) Ukraine had been exercising peaceful annexation of the peninsula since 1991, and Russia did not object to this (subject to certain conditions, which Ukraine violated in 2014); 7) the transfer of Crimea to Ukraine in 1954 was illegal. This article evaluates whether these claims hold any weight under international law. In addition the general trends in contemporary Russian approaches to international law are outlined and their effects on its foreign policy are examined.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2015, 35; 139-170
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Syria: The Russian Federation’s Return to The Middle East
Autorzy:
Minkina, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Syria
Russian Federation
rebuilding influence
military involvement
Opis:
Over the years, the Middle East has played a diverse role in Soviet and later Russian foreign policy. During the period of rivalry between the USSR and the US, it was an important area of confrontation. After its end, the Russian Federation became immersed in crisis and lost interest in the region. The Middle East again appeared in the Kremlin’s geostrategic thinking after the Arab Spring which the Russian authorities perceived as fuelled and directed by the West, especially the US. The consequences of these social upheavals in the form of the overthrow of the Libyan leader or the explicit aspirations of the West to remove Bashar al-Assad from power, led Vladimir Putin to take action. This article is an attempt to interpret Russian actions in Syria, including its military involvement, through the prism of the Kremlin’s neo-superpower policy.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2020, 1; 83-100
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal aspects of hybrid warfare in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Parulski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/119432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russian Federation
international law
humanitarian law
Opis:
The article looks at the conflict taking place in Ukraine since 2014 and characterizes its nature as hybrid warfare. The author examines documents of international and humanitarian law, as well as the reactions to described events from international perspective. Questions are raised concerning the adequacy of current legal solutions in the face of evolution of war itself.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe AON; 2016, 4(105); 5-27
0867-2245
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The scope of changes in the economic sectoral policies of the Russian Federation and their impact on the Russian Baltic activity, the case of transport policy
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
maritime transport
strategy
Russian Federation
Baltic Sea
Opis:
The following paper covers the policy of the Russian Federation (RF) on maritime transport in the broader context of the strategic regulations on transport. On the one hand, the strategic regulations of the Russian Federation on the development of transport was brought closer. While on the other hand, the focus was on the maritime transport issues of the RF in the Baltic Basin and the implementation of the transport strategy between 2008-2019 in the context of the Russian maritime policy activities, with a particular focus on the Baltic Sea.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego; 2020, R. XIV; 5--30
1898-3189
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Security dilemmas of the Baltic region
Autorzy:
Antczak, Anna
Śliwa, Zdzisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/944332.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Baltic region
security
Russian Federation
NATO
deterrence
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to provide an analysis of security in the Baltic region, regarding the decision taken by NATO toward strengthening the security of the Baltic region when facing the threat from the East. It looks deeper into geostrategy as one of the keys to understand the vagaries of security dilemmas in the Baltic area. The article presents a situation analysis from both the Baltic states’ and NATO’s perspectives, having as a background recent actions undertaken by Russia.
Źródło:
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne; 2018, 3; 119-134
1731-7517
Pojawia się w:
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Z Kaliningradu na Кёнигсберг – zapotrzebowanie społeczne czy marzenie nielicznych? Społeczna inicjatywa zmiany nazwy miasta
Autorzy:
Zieliński, Miłosz J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/678268.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
Kaliningrad
Königsberg
Russian Federation
identity
regionalism
Kalinin
Opis:
Kaliningrad into Кёнигсберг – a social need or a dream of a few? Societal initiative for a change of the city’s nameKaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation has been subject to manifold social processes due to its specific history, geographic conditions and other factors. Some of the former resulted in rejecting numerous elements of the Soviet past by a part of the local population. This included the very name of Kaliningrad, as a tribute paid to Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin who has been considered one of the state and party officials responsible for mass purges in the 1930s and 1940s.the purpose of the article is to analyse the initiative put forward by a group of social activists to change the name ‘Kaliningrad’ into ‘Кёнигсберг’ (Königsberg), that is to return to the pre-war name of the city. As authors of the petition refer to previous attempts of changing the name and use them as an important part of their reasoning, the history of the notion has also been outlined with emphasis on the December 1988 discussion noted by Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, then a Communist Party official.In the article, a brief introduction of the petition is followed by main arguments used by its supporters and the discussion which the document triggered among the local administration and in the media, in particular the Internet. The discussion concentrated on two aspects of the petition. First, controversies around procedural handling of the petition by Kaliningrad Duma. Secondly, fierce debates about phrases used in the document and their political significance in the context of the contemporary identity of Kaliningrad Oblast.Results of the debate and the impact the petition had on broader public opinion, both in Kaliningrad Oblast and the whole of Russia, turned out to be meagre. Only 400 signatures were collected across the country to support the idea. No decisive measures were taken on the administrative level such as moving the initiative toward a referendum. No agreement was reached between those who wish to turn the whole notion down and those who would like to postpone the final decision to a more distant future.In conclusion, it is worth noting that despite the obvious failure of the petition the discussion showed considerable social activity in Kaliningrad Oblast, especially on the part of the younger generation. This was reflected by a number of threads and posts in electronic media, many of which served as a basis for a constructive debate with relatively few irrelevant (insulting, aggressive and vulgar) arguments. On the other hand, the article shows that there is still considerable nostalgia for the Soviet Union and its artifacts in Kaliningrad Oblast.
Źródło:
Sprawy Narodowościowe; 2013, 43
2392-2427
Pojawia się w:
Sprawy Narodowościowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The evolution of the concept of information warfare in the modern information society of the post-truth era
Autorzy:
Bryczek-Wróbel, Patrycja
Moszczyński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2166617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
information warfare
information society
disinformation
Russian Federation
Opis:
Objectives: Compare selected concepts of information warfare and show the evolution of the Western concept of WI,resulting from the development of the information society, social-media and the resources by which information warfare is conducted. Methods: The research method used is a systematic review of Western political science literature, as well as military literature, publications on international relations, international politics, security and cyber security from the perspective of information warfare. Techniques such as analysis of background material, causal analysis and scientific and self-observation in this area were used, taking into account the dynamics of technological and geopolitical changes occurring in the modern information society. Results: The analysis made it possible to show the evolution of the Western concept of information warfare and outline the main differences from the concept of information warfare adopted by the Russian Federation. The study also points out the threats to the information society posed by the realities of modern information warfare. Conclusions: The Western conception of WI differs from that of the Russian Federation, placing the emphasis on WI as technological warfare, while the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China (PRC) place the emphasis on psychological warfare first. This discrepancy could pose a significant threat to the information environment of Western democracies, since the weakest link in the security of not only an information system, but also an information system, is the human being. This is well known not only to hackers, cyber criminals, but also to hostile state or non-state forces that conduct WI against Western countries.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2022, 7, 13; 48--62
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A possible way out of the conflict between Ukraine and the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Pushkar, Viktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/11024781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-28
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russian Federation
war
sovereignty
conflict transformation
Opis:
This paper deals with the conflict between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, focusing on both cold and hot phases since 1991, including the conflict drivers beyond military operations. We use a multidisciplinary approach based on conflict transformation theory. We include local research data from Ukraine received in 2013-2022, applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. Official narratives from both sides and Russian quantitative sociology data are also considered. The possible paths of further conflict transformation are discussed.
Źródło:
The Virus of Radicalization; 85-103
9788366386334
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How the natural resource curse contributed to the autocratic developments in Russian politics since the fall of the USSR
Autorzy:
Serres, Dominic
Lehtosalo, Lotta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10491231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Russia
Russian Federation
energy
natural resources
Russian politics
Russian economy
Opis:
The natural resource sector has become a dominant part of the Russian economy and thus affected the political developments of the state greatly. Understanding of the interplay of Russian politics and economics after the fall of the Soviet Union is integral for understanding why Russia has developed steadily into a more autocratic direction during the past few decades. The phenomenon through which we will be analyzing the intertwining of political and economic spheres of Russia is the natural resource curse concept. We seek to understand what factors have contributed to Russia’s failure to avoid the natural resource curse and give examples on how the natural resource curse manifests itself especially in today’s Russia political reality. Does the abundance of natural resources contribute to the emergence of a hyper-presidential, autocratic regime in Russia?
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 2(38); 37-50
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian Active Measures in Psychological Warfare
Autorzy:
Doroszczyk, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
active measures
Russian Federation
secret service
security
Opis:
The aim of the article is to analyse Russian active measures in the context of psychological warfare. Active measures are defined as the actions of political warfare conducted by Russian secret service. In case of Russian Federation they are the core of psychological operations that are tools of realising international and domestic policy priorities. Active measures include disinformation campaigns and supporting insurgency in opponent states. Regarding the context of psychological operations active measures are designed to model the mental sphere of opponent society. Active measures are aimed at weakening the unity of the European Union as well as common trust in NATO. Creating favourable atmosphere for Russian activity is the main goal of implementing active measures. Therefore active measures are considered as a great part of Russian interpretation of psychological warfare. Although active measures can support the military activity they are designed to influence the mental sphere of opponent society and are used to create opinions and interpretations that match Russian interests. Those measures are difficult to identify and therefore are threats that are not easy to counteract.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 3 (47); 521-534
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modernisation of the Russian Civil Code: Initial Steps
Autorzy:
Musin, Valeriy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
civil law
modernisation Russian Federation
law system
Opis:
The aim of the study is to present initial steps in modernisation of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The author presents the selected aspects of the challanges according to the modernisation of the law system in order to answer some substantial economic and social developments that have occured in Russia and should be reflected in civil law regulation.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2014, 4; 19-26
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Umowy i porozumienia jako efekt ewaluacji polityki regionalnej w Rosji
“Contracts” and “Agreements” as a R esult of Evaluation Process of Regional Policies in Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Sroślak, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639645.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
agreements
contracts
Russian Federation
region
regional policies
Opis:
Russian regional policy is an example of adjusting solutions to regions development needs and social-economic needs of Russian Federation as a whole. Those solutions are only results of historical and political conditions that existed in the past. As a result of evaluating this policy during the past 20 years following acts came into effect: –– changing regional budget policy, –– reforming interbudget relations (between central budget and regional budgets, and finally between regional budgets themselves), –– targeted funds (for example, for regions with protechnological tendencies), –– “contracts” and “agreements” (in matters of dividing competences between distinct subjects of state of particular levels) used in realising particular tasks of regional policies. The level of theoretical and judicial development of these solutions was different, as well as the range and effectiveness in reality. Lastly listed – “contracts” and “agreements” – should be counted as one of the least clarified and somewhat unsuccesfull in terms of regional development policies. At first, they were established as an answer to current problems of solving conflict situations between the federal government and particular regions which took place in the ninetees of the past century and they were a form of countering the threat of facing an integrity loss by Russian state. Therefore they aren’t strictly a tool of regional development policy. Secondly, not only are they unclarified in their current form, but also, due to the mentioned ambiguity, they are often used by various groups of interest in Russia in particular regions, and in such manner are contradictory to objectives of regional policy in Russian Federation.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne; 2011, 4(16); 49-61
2084-3968
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An energy promise of democratic peace for the arctic: Russia’s case
Autorzy:
Stekić, Nenad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Arctic
energy policy
Russian Federation
democratic peace
Opis:
It has been widely discussed whether the existing theoretical approaches within the international relations could efficiently explain the newly established phenomena within the international system. As a vast space of emerging importance, the Arctic presents a unique area which is an immanent strategic object of the world’s major powers such as Russia, China, Canada, and the EU. This article uses the democratic peace theory to determine whether the major intervening variables – energy policy and transit potential in the Arctic – could inhibit the theoretically predicted behaviour of such states. Theoretical implication stemming from the literature review points to an inherently more peaceful nature of Russia in this space, unlike the rest of the world. This was an incentive to fill in an epistemological gap of the democratic peace puzzle. Following the logic of the democratic peace theory, this research has demonstrated that the two intervening variables have been omitted and thus they should be incorporated in further empirical research.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2018, 1
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relacje Norwegii z USA i FR w świetle nowych wyzwań na północnej flance NATO
Norway’s relationships with the United States and the Russian Federation in the light of new challenges on the northern flank of NATO
Autorzy:
Domagalski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/120916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
NATO
Norwegia
Federacja Rosyjska
Norway
Russian Federation
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest analiza polityki bezpieczeństwa Norwegii, jej priorytetów, uwarunkowań i zagrożeń w związku z szybko zmieniającą się sytuacją międzynarodową w obszarze euroatlantyckim. Autor stawia kwestię jakie są implikacje sąsiedztwa Norwegii z Rosją i jak interesy gospodarcze Norwegii w Arktyce są zdeterminowane względami jej polityki bezpieczeństwa. Ważną kwestią jest, jaką rolę Norwegia odgrywa w polityce USA na północnej flance Sojuszu. Punktem wyjścia analizy międzynarodowej pozycji Norwegii i jej roli w obszarze bezpieczeństwa jest wybór Jensa Stoltenberga na sekretarza generalnego NATO. Autor ocenia politykę arktyczną Norwegii i wskazuje, że Arktyka jest i może być miejscem współpracy, konkurencji i konfliktu interesów. W jego opinii, wpływ Norwegii na politykę międzynarodową wynika także z jej pozycji jako eksportera na rynku energetycznym i z jej przynależności do ekskluzywnego klubu państw przybrzeżnych Arktyki. Autor wysuwa wniosek, że pozycja Norwegii w NATO będzie wzrastać przede wszystkim z powodu wzrostu ekonomicznego i politycznego znaczenia Arktyki, jak też ze względu na jej pozycję jako państwa flankowego Sojuszu, posiadającego wspólną granicę lądową z Rosją.
The aim of the article is to analyse the security policy of Norway, its priorities, conditions and threats against the rapidly changing international situation in the Euro-Atlantic area. The author raises the questions of what implications there are regarding Norway’s proximity to Russia and how Norwegian economic interests in the Arctic are determined by its considerations of security policy. An important issue is the role that Norway plays in US policy on the north flank of the Alliance. The starting point for the analysis of Norway’s international position and its role in the area of security was the selection of Jens Stoltenberg as NATO Secretary General. The author assesses the Norwegian Arctic policy and indicates that the Arctic is and can be an even greater area of cooperation, competition and conflict. According to his opinion, the influence of Norway in international politics is also defined by its position as an exporter on the energy market and by Norway’s membership in the exclusive club of shoreline Arctic countries. The author concludes that Norway’s influence in NATO will continue to increase, primarily due to the increase in economic and political importance of the Arctic, mainly because of its common land border with Russia as well as its position as a NATO flank state.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe AON; 2014, 3(96); 80-106
0867-2245
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The theoretical Basis for Criminological forecasting of Crime (with Russia Example)
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
crime
crime forecasting
crime prevention
Russian Federation
Opis:
The paper discusses the problems of criminological forecasting of crime. The analyses have been based on issues concerning theoretical foundations and assumptions of this process in Russia. Since it is a country with considerable socio-demographic, religious and cultural diversity, it must analyse, assess and monitor these territorial differences in crime and skilfully anticipate the changes taking place there. Russia is the country that already has experience in predicting the development of crime. Current Russian criminological literature has been used in the deliberations. The publication presents various definitions of criminological crime forecasting. Attention was drawn not only to the need to anticipate changes in criminal trends but also to the evolution of crime causes. The sources of information necessary to forecast this phenomenon have also been indicated. It has been emphasized that this is, in particular, knowledge about socio-economic and political transformations taking place in the country. The several stages and complexity of the forecasting process, as well as its result in the form of a crime forecast, have also been underlined. By presenting a number of forecasting objectives, its usefulness for the protection of the security of the state and its citizens have been emphasized. The basics of conducting research analyses in the form of three scientific methods (extrapolation, modelling, and application of criminological expertise) have been discussed, as well. The classifications of forecasting and the periods applied in practice have been presented. The above issues have been discussed on the basis of theoretical assumptions adopted by Russian criminologists. Attention has been focused on the most important issues for preventing and combatting crime. The considerations have confirmed the need to anticipate the development of crime.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2018, 10(1); 95-105
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Syria: the russian federation’s return to the middle east
Autorzy:
Minkina, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-22
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Syria
Russian Federation
rebuilding influence
military involvement
Opis:
Over the years, the Middle East has played a diverse role in Soviet and later Russian foreign policy. During the period of rivalry between the USSR and the US, it was an important area of confrontation. After its end, the Russian Federation became immersed in crisis and lost interest in the region. The Middle East again appeared in the Kremlin’s geostrategic thinking after the Arab Spring which the Russian authorities perceived as fuelled and directed by the West, especially the US. The consequences of these social upheavals in the form of the overthrow of the Libyan leader or the explicit aspirations of the West to remove Bashar al-Assad from power, led Vladimir Putin to take action. This article is an attempt to interpret Russian actions in Syria, including its military involvement, through the prism of the Kremlin’s neo-superpower policy.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2021, 1; 83-100
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Respecting European Standards Concerning Human Rights of LGBT People in Poland and in the Russian Federation. A Comparative Analysis
Autorzy:
Jartyś, Janusz
Orzechowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Polska
the Russian Federation
human rights
LGBT
Opis:
The LGBT rights are one of the most crucial aspects of a social and political discourse in Poland and in the Russian Federation. Although in both countries there is a different system of power, and, what follows, human rights and their realization are perceived in a different way, in these two states the right of LGBT people become an instrument of politics. In the following article the authors present a comparative analysis of the way in which the rights of LGBT people are perceived in Poland and in the Russian Federation. They will depict the similarities and differences between these two countries which result from historical conditions, and will provide an analysis of the current perception of non-heterosexual people in Poland and in Russia.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2016, 7; 56-67
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maritime Safety of NATO Borders in the Baltic Sea Region
Autorzy:
Gac, Miłosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519728.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Russian Federation
NATO
Baltic Sea Region
Baltops
Opis:
The Baltic Sea Region (BSR) is a specific area lying between the areas of conflicting political interests of the East and West, making it an object of particular interest of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and the Russian Federation. The current situation is characterized by the high militarization of the region, mainly related to the use of the Russian power sector, with the anti-access capabilities in the Kaliningrad District in particular. Changes in the security environment in this area have resulted in the increased capabilities to deter and the collective defence capabilities of all NATO members, as part of strengthening the Alliance’s eastern flank.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2019, 30 (37); 77-87
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polska i Rosja w narracji historycznej Partii Politycznej „Zmiana”
Poland and Russia in the historical narrative of a political party „Change”
Autorzy:
Tokarz, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Party "Change"
symbolism
Russian Federation
political system
Opis:
Article refers to the ratio Party activists groups „Change” to the recent history of Polish-Russian relations. In what way it is portrayed in contemporary Poland. They show their importance for historical policy pursued for in elite of the Third Republic. It shows the importance of symbols. We analyzed the documents that have been issued by this group. The author also reached the journalistic speech, as well as representatives of the scientific Party „Change”.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2016, 10; 271-278
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cluster Policy in the Russian Federation: A Case Study of Industrial Clusters
Autorzy:
Rodionova, Irina
Krejdenko, Tatiana
Mądry, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Russia
clusters
industrial clusters
clustering
cluster policy
regions of the Russian Federation
federal districts of the Russian Federation
Opis:
The article describes cluster policy in the Russian Federation regarding industrial clusters. In the first part, the authors explain the definitions of basic concepts related to clusters that are used in Russia, the features of cluster policy in the light of European experiences, and bring closer the Russian literature on the subject. In the second part, they distinguish and describe five stages of cluster policy in Russia. In the third part, they present basic quantitative data describing clusters in Russia, including their spatial diversification, the number of entities creating clusters, employment, etc. A particular role of the state in creating clusters and subsequent cluster policy programs is described, paying attention to their low efficiency.
Źródło:
Quaestiones Geographicae; 2018, 37, 2; 61-75
0137-477X
2081-6383
Pojawia się w:
Quaestiones Geographicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian minority and the security of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Autorzy:
Pachucki-Włosek, Krystian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2152182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Russian minority
danger
counteraction
Republic of Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Opis:
This article examines the dangers posed by the presence of a large Russian minority in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The detailed analysis of the situation in the period from 1991 to 2021 has made it possible to identify not only the dangers, but also the ways in which the Kremlin takes advantage of this issue to exert major pressure on Kazakhstan’s political decision makers to promote Russia’s vital interests. The paper looks at the measures taken by the authorities in Nur-Sultan, the main purpose of which is to limit Russian influence in the republic, as well as the negative impact of the adopted mechanisms on the growth of participation of ethnic Kazakhs in the socio-political life of the state.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2022, XLVI, 1; 67-80
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Issue of Poland’s Dependence on Natural Gas Supplies from the Russian Federation in the Political Thought of Piotr Naimski: Selected Problems
Autorzy:
Paszkowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28411117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Piotr Naimski
Russian Federation
energy security
political thought
Opis:
The topic of the research was the political thought of Piotr Naimski in the field of reducing Poland’s dependence on natural gas supplies from the Russian Federation. The aim of the article was therefore to analyse Naimski’s views on the diversification of the sources and directions of natural gas supplies to Poland and to define the political concepts formulated by this politician. The article indicates Naimski’s views on increasing Poland’s energy security by realizing energy projects such as LNG terminal, Baltic Pipe gas pipeline, as well as activities aimed at counteracting the Russian Federation energy policy in Central Europe. Naimski was one of the staunchest opponents of the construction of Russian-German gas pipelines (Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2).
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2022, 42 (49); 117-129
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DOKTRYNA WOJENNA FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ W XX I XXI WIEKU. CELE – ZADANIA – KIERUNKI DZIAŁANIA
MILITARY DOCTRINE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE TWENTY AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. GOALS – TASKS – COURSE OF ACTIONS
Autorzy:
Malendowski, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Russian Federation
war doctrine
Federacja Rosyjska
doktryna wojenna
Opis:
The collapse of the USSR as a subject of international law and a significant geopolitical entity ultimately put an end to the Cold War and the bipolar system of international relations. The Russian Federation, as international successor and continuator of the Soviet Union, was downgraded to the position of a second-rate empire and faced the objective necessity of developing new principles for its security policy and war doctrine. The hitherto coalition-based Soviet war doctrine became invalid. In the concepts of foreign policy and other official documents developed from the early 1990s to 2010 the role of Russia was presented as that of a global power with global interests. The significance of the Russian military potential was emphasized, including nuclear weapons, as a significant element in the international balance of power. At the same time, Russia asserted its right to use weapons of mass destruction in case of danger to the security of the state. Further war doctrines expanded the catalogue of possible threats, including territorial claims made against Russia, local conflicts in the vicinity of its borders and the external borders of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Particular attention was given to military blocs and alliances. The content of the war doctrines confirms the grand aspirations of Russia as a state taking an active part in the construction of a new international order. In practice, however, Russia has abandoned a reactive policy in favor of concrete actions, applying means that infringe the fundamental principles and norms of international law.
Upadek ZSRR, jako podmiotu prawa międzynarodowego i ważnego bytu geopolitycznego, doprowadził do ostatecznego zakończenia zimnej wojny i demontażu dwubiegunowego systemu stosunków międzynarodowych. Federacja Rosyjska jako prawno-międzynarodowy sukcesor i kontynuator Związku Radzieckiego, zdegradowana do rangi mocarstwa drugiej kategorii, znalazła się w obliczu obiektywnej konieczności opracowania nowych zasad polityki bezpieczeństwa i doktryny wojennej. Straciła aktualność dotychczasowa, koalicyjna radziecka doktryna wojenna. W rezultacie, już w nowej sytuacji geopolitycznej i geostrategicznej, przygotowano koncepcje bezpieczeństwa narodowego oraz kolejne doktryny wojenne (1993 r., 2000 r., 2010 r., 2014 r., 2015 r.). Zarówno w koncepcjach polityki zagranicznej, jak i w innych oficjalnych dokumentach opracowanych od początku ostatniej dekady XX wieku, do 2010 r., wskazywano na rolę Rosji jako mocarstwa światowego, posiadającego globalne interesy. Podkreślano także znaczenie rosyjskiego potencjału wojskowego, w tym broni jądrowej, jako istotnego elementu międzynarodowego układu sił. Jednocześnie zawarowano sobie prawo do użycia broni masowego rażenia w razie zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa państwa. W kolejnych doktrynach wojennych poszerzano katalog zagrożeń, o roszczenia terytorialne wobec Rosji, konflikty lokalne w pobliżu jej granic i zewnętrznych granic Wspólnoty Niepodległych Państw. Szczególną uwagę zwracano na bloki i sojusze wojskowe. Ich powiększanie i przybliżanie do granic Rosji traktowano, jako nadzwyczajne niebezpieczeństwo. Czynnikiem, który mógłby je umocnić, był system tworzony przez Organizację Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie. Początkowo zakładano, że w dającej się przewidzieć przyszłości nie ma groźby agresji na szerszą skalę. Podkreślano również, że Rosja nie traktuje a priori żadnego państwa jako przeciwnika. Dlatego też deklarując gotowość do odparcia siłą napaści zewnętrznej, nie wskazywano na potencjalnego agresora. Dopiero w doktrynie wojennej z 2010 r., jednoznacznie wskazano na najważniejsze zagrożenie zewnętrzne bezpieczeństwa Rosji. Odniesiono je do NATO podkreślając, że dąży ono do przyznania sobie globalnych funkcji, z naruszeniem prawa międzynarodowego oraz przybliżenia swojej infrastruktury wojskowej do granic Federacji Rosyjskiej. W związku z tym, w kategoriach zagrożenia potraktowano poszerzenia NATO o państwa Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz amerykańskie plany budowy tarczy antyrakietowej w tym regionie. Rosja zastrzegła sobie prawo do użycia broni jądrowej w odpowiedzi na agresję z zastosowaniem broni jądrowej i innych rodzajów broni masowego rażenia oraz w przypadku agresji konwencjonalnej, gdy zagrożone będzie istnienie państwa. Z drugiej strony, eksponując nadrzędne znaczenie prawa międzynarodowego, deklarowała wolę zapewniania bezpieczeństwa całej społeczności międzynarodowej, z poszanowaniem postanowień Karty NZ. Treść doktryn wojennych stanowi potwierdzenie mocarstwowych aspiracji Rosji, jako państwa biorącego aktywny udział w budowie nowego ładu międzynarodowego. Natomiast w praktyce Rosja odchodząc od polityki reaktywnej do konkretnych działań, stosuje środki naruszające podstawowe zasady i normy prawa międzynarodowego.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2017, 10; 55-94
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russias return to the superpower status
Autorzy:
Minkina, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576393.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-18
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
change
Russian Federation
superpower
foreign and security policy
Opis:
The elite of Russian power and Russian society have never come to terms with the collapse of the Soviet Union. They also did not accept the world order with the primary role of the United States. The purpose of this article is to characterize the policy of the Russian Federation, which is aimed at rebuilding the superpower position of this state, and to identify the reasons that clearly define Russia’s determination in this respect. Achieving the formulated goal will be possible by answering the question: Why does Russia strive to rebuild the status of the global superpower and what actions it undertakes in its policy? This question is the main research problem, which the authors of the article have taken up. In order to solve the indicated problem, theoretical methods will be used in the form of: source and literature criticiam, analysis, synthesis and inference. Nobody negates the fact that Russia is still one of the largest countries in the world. Nonetheless, it is much smaller and weaker than the USSR. By means of assertive, not to say aggressive, and anti-western politics it demands to be recognized as a superpower eligible to decide on the international order. However, in the contemporary world, the territory decides about the superpower status to a much smaller extent. The foundations of the Russian superpower status are weak, and the popular anti-western narrative is not conducive to strengthening the Kremlin's position internationally.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 26, 4; 34-50
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-military determinants of the Russian Federation policy
Autorzy:
Grenda, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-13
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Russian Federation
security policy
social security
economic security
Opis:
This study analyses various non-military factors in shaping the security policy of the Russian Federation. This work undertakes to establish their substance, content and scope, and to draw the conditions and trends in the political, economic and social security of modern Russia in the context of its international ambitions, role and state security. In the work theoretical method analysis, synthesis, abstracting and generalization were used. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the specificity of its location definitely exerts an adverse effect on Russian state security. The reconstruction of imperial Russia is among the key goals set forth by Vladimir Putin in Russia’s foreign and military policy. In fact, the entire economic, political and military activity of Russia is subordinated to this goal. With regard to the economic and social state, the dependence of the Russian Federation on the extraction and export of crude oil and natural gas is an obvious indication of the constraints of its economy. Moscow’s particular interests are formulated in official state documents, such as the Military Doctrine and the National Security Strategy. These documents identify not only external and internal threats to state security but above all indicate the means and methods of possible deterrence.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 23, 1; 23-47
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niemiecka chadecja wobec konfliktu rosyjsko-ukraińskiego
German Christian-Democrats towards the Russian-Ukrainian conflict
Autorzy:
Bielawska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625307.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
CDU/CSU
Ukraine
Russian Federation
European Union
conflict
Opis:
This paper presents the positions of German Christian Democrat politicians towards the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the impact they exert on the activities of the European Union and the Russian Federation. It presents a wide range of opinions and comments of Christian Democrat politicians regarding the political and economic rapprochement of Ukraine with the EU and the crisis in Ukraine between November 2014 and June 2015.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2015, 9; 325-343
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ontology of the War in Ukraine : Cold War Revives
Autorzy:
Reśkiewicz, Patryk
Najdzik, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086253.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
Belarus
Ukraine
geopolitics
New Cold War
Russian Federation
Opis:
Objectives: The identification of political-military determinants of the full-scale phase of the war in Ukraine which has been going on since 2014. The said goal shall be achieved by analyzing the boundary conditions of the Russian security policy against the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the geostrategic conditioning of the Republic of Belarus. Methods: The following techniques have been implemented in the article: qualitative analysis and critical analysis of the source literature, synthesis - cause and effect associations. The statistical method has also been used. The empirical methods include abstract modelling for the construction of simplified models of the description of reality with reference to the object of analysis. Results: The three goals mentioned beforehand have been achieved in the article through (1) showing the main strategic and operational assumptions of the Russian Federation with regard to its national security policy, (2) the role of incorporated Belarus in the military operation being carried out, (3) the estimation of the main assumptions of the military campaign. Conclusions: T the neo-imperial policy carried out by the Russian Federation towards the neighboring countries is the main determinant of the warfare in Ukraine. Russian willingness to reestablish the regional order in Central and Eastern Europe determines the next phase of the military campaign. Over the past years, Belarus has been gradually integrated as a Union Member State. It may be assumed that Belarus will become a subjugated country of Russia - which increases the possibility of Belarus being involved in military conflicts carried by the Russian Federation.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2021, 6, 12; 1--19
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcjonowanie Osetii Południowej w świetle prawa narodów do samostanowienia
The existance of South Ossetia in the context of the right of nations to self-determination
Autorzy:
Lesyk-Szkutnik, Yuliya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521454.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
South Ossetia
self-determination
Russian Federation
Political destabilisation
Opis:
South Ossetia also known as the Tskhinvali Region, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus. Georgia as an independent state has got a great problem with this region. The main reason is a very important role of Russian Federation in the process of destabilization the political situation in the country. Two wars from the past (1992, 2008) showed that South Essetia didn’t have the rigth to use the argument of self-determination of the nation.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2017, 11; 337-345
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyberbezpieczeństwo w Federacji Rosyjskiej. Zarys problemu
Cybersecurity in the Russian Federation. Outline of the problem
Autorzy:
Giebień, Helena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521558.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
cybersecurity
cyber terrorism
cyber attack
cyberwar
Russian Federation
Opis:
The article undertakes the issues of cybersecurity in Russia. It shows the scale of cybercrime, their impact on the functioning of the states and attempts to solve the problem. The main thesis of the article states that the Russia Federation seeks to enhance its cyberspace security systems both on the legislative and executive level, trying to protect state’s institutions and critical infrastructure as well as cooperating with other states and international organizations. The articles analyses primary and secondary sources such as legal acts, reports, scientific literature, and Russian press, to present the research problem and draw conclusions. The research shows that the Russian authorities are aware of the multiple challenges they have to face to ensure the eÐ cient security of the cyberspace. Among the key elements are the raise of the level of competence of Russian specialists fighting cybercrimes, creation of the efficient infrastructure and protection against cyber attacks as well as improving the international system of information exchange on threats in the network. Russia faces also the challenge to strengthen multilateral cooperation with other states, based on mutual trust, especially in the face of a negative image of Russia resulting from the activities of hackers, connected to the state, who can paralyze the critical infrastructure of the other states.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2018, 12; 187-204
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Moskiewska i Kijowska wizja interpretacji sporów o przeszłość ciągłości historycznych korzeni wzajemnej państwowości
Moscow and Kyiv vision of the interpretation of disputes about the past of the continuity of the historical roots of mutual statehood
Autorzy:
Wyszczelski, Lech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Federacja Rosyjska
Ukraina
wojna
Russian Federation
Ukraine
war
Opis:
Russian Federation’s attack of February 24, 2022 on Ukraine was no coincidence but a strategy to regain the status of superpower. Referring to history was its significant part. Indeed, that is a shared history, at least in the origin, though differently interpreted by both states, independent from 31 years. Based on the promoted from 16th Century vision of Russia as the Byzantine Empire’ successor, Putin’s Russian Federation claims the right to build an empire that would include all lands of the Russian Empire. It does not recognise independent statehood and Ukrainian nationality. The war was started to achieve that goal.
Napaść Federacji Rosyjskiej z 24 lutego 2022 na Ukrainę nie była dziełem przypadku, lecz strategii ponownego zajęcia pozycji supermocarstwa. W niej ważną rolę odgrywało odwoływanie się do przeszłości historycznej. Ta faktycznie jest wspólna w jej początkach, tym niemniej różnie interpretowana przez suwerenne od 31 lat państwo. Wychodząc z lansowanej od XVI w. wizji Rosji jako następczyni Cesarstwa Bizantyjskiego, putinowska Federacja Rosyjska rości sobie prawo do tworzenia jednego mocarstwa, skupiającego wszystkie dawne ziemie Imperium Rosyjskiego. Nie uznaje ona odrębnej państwowości oraz narodowości ukraińskiej. Dla realizacji tego celu nastąpiła opisywana wojna.
Źródło:
Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe; 2022, 4(1); 129-142
2543-9227
Pojawia się w:
Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative Legal Analysis of Budget Grant Funding of Science in the European Union and the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Andreeva, Elena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159861.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
grants
budget funding
financial law
science
legislation
Financial Regulations of European Union and Russian Federation
Budget Code of Russian Federation
Opis:
In this article, the author examines the most significant characteristics of a such method of budgetary funding for research in the European Union and Russian Federation as grant funding. Grants are actively used for these purposes in many countries. Grant funding is especially popular in the European Union. The analysis of research grants in Russia and the EU shows that the legal regulation and the grant process in mentioned public entities are very similar, but there are differences. The author focuses her attention on highlighting the advantages of grant funding of science in the EU and Russia to exchange of experience. The author uses the following scientific methods: collection of information on grant funding in the European Union and the Russian Federation, comparative analysis of legislation, observation, formulation of conclusions.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2022, 25, 1; 33-50
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Derring Russia in the Baltics to Allow US Power Projection in the Pacific
Autorzy:
Middents, Michael G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/534404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
Russian Federation
US power projection
Baltic Region
Deterrence
Opis:
The balance of power in the world is fluctuating as the US is facing new competitors as the People’s Republic of China being as rising power. So, if tensions between the US and China or another near-peer will grow, the US would need to dedicate significant resources to the face new threat. Such a shift of power could affect the balance of power in other regions of the world and it could even trigger Russian opportunism in its former Soviet satellites. There could be a risk that NATO’s current military structure in the Baltic States leaves its Eastern flank exposed to potential risks. The paper argues that additional initiatives such as easing the flow of Allied forces across borders, the establishment of NATO anti-access/ area denial (A2AD) measures and efforts towards political cohesion need to be added and done so in a manner to gain maximum benefits from their combined effects.
Źródło:
Security Forum; 2017, 1, Volume 1 No. 2/2017; 47-58
2544-1809
Pojawia się w:
Security Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How to understand the hybrid war
Autorzy:
Banasik, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
Hybrid war
Hybrid threats
conflict, Ukraine
Russian Federation
Opis:
Despite the fact that the hybrid wars were conducted for centuries, the annexation of the Crimea and the involvement of the Russian Federation in the conflict in the Ukraine calls new discussions over its essence. Evaluation of the theory and practice of the activities carried out by FR indicates that we are dealing with the new generation of war. However, it is not in contradiction with the "Clausewitzian paradigm" of conducting armed struggle, which says that war is merely a continuation of politics by other means. The hybrid actions refer precisely to these measures, whereas the rules of warfare, its nature and objectives are still the same.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2015, 1(21); 19-34
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The migration policy of Armenia
Autorzy:
Gomólka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
emigration
Armenia
policy
occupational groups
Russian Federation
CIS
Opis:
The aim of this study is to describe the legal bases of the migration policy of Armenia and its practical implementation in 1995–2013. The author examined the international and national documents that provide the legal bases of Armenia’s migration policy, as well as the balance between departures and arrivals in the period 1995–2013, Armenian citizens’ reasons for emigrating and the occupations of emigrants. The study was based on the following research methods: content, system and quantitative analysis. The results of the analyses performed indicate that the objectives of Armenia’s migration policy were not completely fulfilled. Between 1995 and 2013, the number of emigrants declined, but Armenia’s overall migration balance was negative. The majority of those leaving the country went to Russia, followed by the other states of the CIS.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2018, 3; 57-70
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Military Education in the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Olszanecka, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2007513.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
military education
Russian Federation
military power
training system
Opis:
In 2008, before the conflict with Georgia began, no one was able to predict the readiness or effectiveness of the Russian Army. A few years later during the military campaign in Syria, the Russian Armed Forces confirmed their standing as one of the best armies of the world, demonstrating a high level of technical potential and combat training. Between 2008 and 2012 Russia’s military education became one of the best and most prestigious forms of education in Russia. The main purpose of this article is to show the changes that have occurred in the Russian military education since the beginning of military reform (in 2008) to 2012. The main research problem is to answer the question: how have the changes in military education and in the training system strengthened Russia’s military potential?
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 4(114); 140-149
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Respecting European Standards Concerning Human Rights of LGBT People in the Russian Federation and Ukraine. A Comparative Analysis
Autorzy:
Jartyś, Janusz
Orzechowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Ukraine
bilateral relations
human rights
LGBT
Opis:
The LGBT rights are lately one of the aspects of a social and political discourse both in the Russian Federation and in Ukraine. In these countries of a common historical heritage there are some analogies in the perspective on human rights and their realization. It may be also noted that the LGBT rights have become an instrument of politics. In the following article the authors present a comparative analysis of the way in which the LGBT rights are respected in the Russian Federation and in Ukraine. They will depict the similarities and differences between these two countries which result from historical conditions, and will provide an analysis of the current perception of non-heterosexual people in both countries.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2016, 7; 68-81
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Future War: The Russian Perspective
Wojna przyszłości: perspektywa rosyjska
Autorzy:
Olszanecka, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Russian Federation
military technology
conflict
future wa
security
Opis:
In a multipolar world, military security issues still occupy a key place in the public debate. Military technology is one of the most developing sectors in the world. There is no doubt that the United States and the People’s Republic of China have dominated this sector in recent years. The Russian defense industry is associated with outdated equipment, technology and corruption. Nevertheless, recent conflicts show that the Russian Federation has mastered the elements of information war. “New war” theory was advanced by Mary Kaldor to characterize warfare in the post-Cold War era. According to newest research, nowadays military conflicts employ some elements of both conventional and cybernetic combat, while military operations are supported by domestic and international propaganda. The main goal of this article is to determine what type of conflict is contemporary Russia preparing for and in what ways.
W wielobiegunowym świecie kwestie bezpieczeństwa militarnego w dalszym ciągu zajmują kluczowe miejsce w debacie publicznej. Technologia wojskowa to jeden z najbardziej rozwijających się obszarów gospodarki na świecie. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że w ostatnich latach w tym sektorze dominowały Stany Zjednoczone i Chińska Republika Ludowa. Rosyjski przemysł zbrojeniowy kojarzony jest na ogół z przestarzałym sprzętem, technologią oraz wszechobecną korupcją. Niemniej ostatnie konflikty pokazują, że Federacja Rosyjska dobrze opanowała elementy wojny informacyjnej. Mary Kaldor jest autorką teorii „nowej wojny”, dzięki której charakteryzuje działania wojenne po zimnej wojnie. Według najnowszych badań współczesne konflikty zbrojne wykorzystują elementy zarówno walki konwencjonalnej, jak i cybernetycznej, a działania zbrojne są wspierane przez propagandę krajową i międzynarodową. Głównym celem artykułu jest określenie, do jakiego typu konfliktu przygotowuje się współczesna Rosja.  
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2021, 36 (43); 31-43
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The judgmental failures of the Western European states towards the Russian Federation by perceiving it through European values
Autorzy:
Chabska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23944842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Russian political strategy
European security
failures
strategic misleading
Opis:
Objectives: The purpose of this article is to show the Western European judgmental failures towards Russia by perceiving it through European values. These failures have a negative impact on European security and all of them appeared because Russia was considered the European state and the European values were put in Russia. In fact, the Russian Federation is only a geographic part of Europe, but no longer a part of European civilization. Methods: The research was conducted by analyzing the relationship between Western European countries and the Russian Federation, as well as analyzing the general condition of Russian society and Russian foreign policy. Results: This article states that Western European countries made a critical mistake by adopting European values to the Russian Federation. This hypothesis was composed by addressing the following question: What is the grand strategy of the Russian Federation? What are judgmental failures and what are their types? What judgmental failures were made by Western Europe towards Russia? Conclusions: The Russian Federation for the past years has been treated by the Western European states as a strategic business partner, however as it can be seen now, this approach was misleading and was a complete failure in terms of European security. Countries such as France and Germany had not seen Russia as an enemy of the West.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2022, 7, 15; 13--25
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russkiy Mir (Russian World): An Exemplification of All-Russian Nationalism. The Strategy of Neo-Imperial Expansionism of the Russian Federation in Regional and Global Dimensions
Autorzy:
Orzechowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51771060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Russian Federation
nationalism
Russian world
neo-imperial expansionism
political strategy
Opis:
Purpose: The primary aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive and indepth analysis of the Russian world (russkiy mir) as the main doctrine of neo-imperial expansionism. Russia consistently pursues the strategy of regaining influence in the post- Soviet area and, through the internationalization of the Russian world, seeks to achieve a dominant position on the European continent. The research problem is to analyze the extensive scope of influence of Russian ideology and the profound impact of this ideology on political and social processes taking place in other countries in Europe and the world. The impact through political and economic lobbying, propaganda, and informational operations of influence is extended not only to the area of the former USSR but also aimed at political circles and citizens of other European countries. Methods: The research optics adopted by the Author imply the use of the historical method of comparative and critical analysis of source texts. Result of the study: The analysis carried out leads to the conclusion that the ideology of the Russian world is expanding its sphere of influence mainly through propaganda and disinformation influence aimed at nationalist and Eurosceptic circles, including among representatives of the political elite of European countries identifying with such views.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2024, 3(53); 21-33
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stan rozwoju sektora usług oraz udział usług w obrocie zagranicznym w Rosji
The Condition of a Services Sector Development and a Share of Services ina Foreign Trade of Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Rozumowska-Gapeeva, Tatiana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Federacja Rosyjska
międzynarodowy obrót usługami
sektor usług
gospodarka Federacji Rosyjskiej
Russian Federation
services foreign trade
services sector
economy of Russian Federation
Opis:
This paper examines a present the condition of services sector in Russia, a share and a structure of services in a foreign trade of Russian Federation.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2008, 36, 3; 89-115
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
KRYZYS EKONOMICZNY W FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ W LATACH 2014-2016
THE ECONOMIC CRISIS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2014-2016
Autorzy:
LIGNOWSKA-KULPANOWSKA, Malwina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-27
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Russia
crisis
economic growth
anti-crisis measure
Opis:
The economic collapse in the Russian Federation observed in the years 2014-2016 is a result of overlapping negative trends both internally and externally. It should be emphasized that the economic shock caused by external factors in the form of economic sanctions imposed on Russia by Western states and the fall in oil prices on the world markets only accelerated the onset of the economic crisis but was not the main cause of its emergence. In this case the more important was an ineffective economic policy, which made economic development dependent on the prices of natural resources, primarily energy resources and it led to a deep structural crisis. In this context, the term “lost decade” has been used to emphasize the fact that the authorities have lost the chance to carry out deep structural reforms. Necessary and extremely costly economic, political and social reforms should were to be carried out during the economic prosperity that was fueled by persistent high oil prices. Introducing the above reforms during the crisis may not be feasible, however, the complete abandonment of such projects will make it impossible for the state to protect itself against future crises.
Źródło:
Historia@Teoria; 2018, 1, 7; 191-211
2450-8047
Pojawia się w:
Historia@Teoria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conditions of the Russian Federation’s Strategic Culture and Its Impact on Russia’s Foreign Policy
Autorzy:
Zarobny, Stanisław
Sałek-Imińska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
strategic culture
Russian Federation
security policy
foreign policy
strategy
Opis:
Over the last thirty years, the importance and interest in cultural factors in international relations and in international security has increased. The links between culture and security, and in particular the impact of culture on security, are issues whose importance is growing and which are being increasingly studied. They are regarded as a multifaceted problem, as cultural differences have become the cause of conflicts and wars, and tendencies of cultural domination have led to the destruction of cultures and entire civilizations. It therefore seems interesting to reflect on the process of developing an independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to discuss the process of shaping the independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation and to address four basic research problems: the sources of Russian strategic culture; the indication which of them are primary and which are secondary ones; determining whether Russian strategic culture underwent evolution; and determining whether then Cold War influenced the shape of today’s strategic culture of the Russian Federation. To achieve the intended purpose of the article, critical analysis of literature is applied, which allowed to find answers to the research questions.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2021, 35(35); 65-80
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosgvard, National Guards Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Rosłan, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/534406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
Russian Federation
National guard
Internal security system
Internal forces
Opis:
In the article, the author describes the National Guard of the Russian Federation as a new formation formed recently in connection with the changes of the Russian uniformed services. The aim of the article is to familiarize readers with the purpose, mission and tasks of the new formation. The author emphasizes that federal services, including the National Guard, operate independently of the Russian armed forces and are directly controlled by the president of the Russian Federation as internal forces. Now the National Guard is becoming the core element of such forces. The new formation has taking over the part of the tasks of internal forces, including part of mission of the special police departments, for instance OMON. The director of the new Federal Service is also the commander of the National Guard. This means that the current changes are creating a coherent internal security system, based on an alternative internal army. The author describes the results of his literature research and open sources on the subject.
Źródło:
Security Forum; 2017, 1, Volume 1 No. 2/2017; 87-95
2544-1809
Pojawia się w:
Security Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapomniane ofiary wojny. Osoby wewnętrznie przesiedlone (IDP) na Ukrainie
Forgotten Victims of War. Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Szabaciuk, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Ukraine Crisis
Donbas
Migration
Internally Displaced Persons
Russian Federation
Opis:
The purpose of this essay is to present the impact of the Russian – Ukrainian confl ict on the situation of people living inside the area of military operations in the east of Ukraine. The key issue is to highlight the predicament of Internally Displaced Persons, the scale and geography of the phenomenon of forced internal migration, as well as actions taken by the Ukrainian authorities and international organisations towards resolution of the problem of IDPs. According to the latest data, in Ukraine there are over 1,7 million people who had registered as internally displaced. However, in total over 2 million people had to abandon their homesteads. Many of the aforementioned persons live in extraordinarily harsh conditions, and since majority of those are elderly and ailing, they are highly reliant on the help of others.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 3; 61-77
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The genesis, theory, and practice of Russian coercive migration engineering. A contribution to the study of the migration crisis on NATO’s eastern flank
Autorzy:
Wojnowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041511.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-11
Wydawca:
Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
Tematy:
migration
hybrid war
Russian Federation
special services
European Union
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present the origins and assumptions of the Russian concept of coercive migration engineering and its practical application with particular emphasis on the role of special services in such activities. The engineering of coercive migration has become an unprecedented form of leverage through which the Russian Federation pursues its geopolitical interests. The country’s use of this tool is a fact and not a conspiracy theory devoid of empirical evidence, as some analysts associated with European Union institutions believe. A comparison of the course of the exodus of Cubans from Mariel to Miami in 1980 and the Finnish-Russian migration crisis in 2015-2016 proves that at least since the Cold War, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and then the Russian Federation - on the basis of innovative approaches to security problems and conflict theory in military science - have developed effective means and methods of engineering coercive migration, making it a tool for destabilizing states and forcing political concessions favorable to themselves.
Źródło:
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego; 2022, 14, 26; 263-300
2080-1335
2720-0841
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Democratization and federalization. A comparative perspective between Russia’s and Spain’s early forays into a federal system
Autorzy:
Suárez, Adrián Peñate
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10492877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Russia
Russian Federation
democracy
autocracy
federal state
federation
federal system
politics
Opis:
Undoubtedly, Russia occupies a distinct position within the political landscape, differentiating it from Western democracies that themselves exhibit considerable variation. This uniqueness can be attributed, in part, to Russia’s geographic characteristics, encompassing diverse subdivisions characterized by variations in population, natural resources, territorial expanse, and distance from the central authority. However, what truly distinguishes Russia is its contemporary history and recent experiences with federalization— a framework that has defined its operations since it became the Russian Federation following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The objective of this paper is to analyze the distinctive features of Russian federalism in its early stages, employing a comparative perspective against the Spanish case, in order to ascertain the consequences of the legal, organizational, and territorial arrangements established during Russia’s early democratization period. The focus is to evaluate the implications of these changes on the establishment of a legally-binding democracy and a well-functioning federation, ultimately questioning whether Russia genuinely qualifies for either of these classifications.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 2(38); 51-61
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Miejsce Europy w globalnej strategii USA
Europe in US global strategy
Autorzy:
Stachura, Jadwiga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
US global strategy
international security
transatlantic partnership
Russian Federation
Opis:
For more than sixty years American grand strategy is based on the conviction that external environment is of fundamental importance for US core interests in security, prosperity and domestic liberty. There was the foundation for containment policy and after the cold war succeeding presidents on this conviction have based their deep engagement in world affairs. In XXI century as American supremacy has been steadily diminished, Washington is still ready to lead the world, but wants to share with partners the burdens of keeping it in order. The idea of partnership isn’t put into words explicitly. It emphasizes burden-sharing between US and the partners, sometimes is about the transfer of crisis-management capacity and it has sought to advance American leadership as well. European states – NATO and EU members – are seen as indispensable Washington’s allies, densely connected with the US through transatlantic partnership. Due to community of values and the convergence of strategic interests, and because of its own peculiarity EU is not and won’t be America’s strategic rival. After few years of diminished interest in old continent, when president B. Obama focused his attention on domestic policy and on problems in other world’s regions, since March 2014 he has decided to take the initiative in European affairs. Russia’s aggression towards Ukraine has serious consequences for Washington’s European and global strategy. In Europe there is increased request for US leadership. From American point of view it might come with expectations, that the allies will be eager to strengthen their cooperation with Washington in other regions, especially in Asia.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 4; 41-58
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian energy sector in the face of sanctions
Autorzy:
Olszanecka, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Russian Federation
sanctions
energy sector
natural gas
crude oil
Opis:
As a result of the annexation of Crimea and the Russian aggression in Ukraine in 2014, the United States as well as other states and international organizations decided to impose economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. The sanctions were mainly directed against the energy and banking sectors. The following article presents the condition of the Russian energy sector after 2014 with regard to the consequences of the Western sanctions.  
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2018, 1
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
НЕБЕЗПЕЧНИЙ СХІД: КОНФЛІКТ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ - ЗАГРОЗА СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВИ
DANGEROUS EAST: THE CONFLICT ON THE EASTERN UKRAINE - THE DANGER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE
Autorzy:
Zalizkii, Artem
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-06
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Raciborzu
Tematy:
changes
struggle
development opportunities
aggression of the Russian Federation
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of the beginning of the conflict in the east of Ukraine and the effects affecting the economy of the country. Attempts have been made to find ways to reduce their impact due to the fact that the conflict can not be ended immediately.
Źródło:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development; 2018, 2(95); 111-120
1897-2349
2657-5760
Pojawia się w:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cultural Autonomy for Minorities in the Baltic States, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation: A Dead Letter
Autorzy:
Yupsanis, Athanasios
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
cultural autonomy
Estonia
Latvia
minority rights
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Opis:
One of the direct results of the collapse of the former USSR was the emergence of centrifugal ethnic minority nationalisms, which posed a threat to the stability of the then newly-established (or restored in the case of the Baltic democracies) states. In this context, one of the mechanisms introduced by the leading elites in several countries (e.g. Latvia, Ukraine, Estonia, the Russian Federation) in order to address the minority diversity issue, ensure stability, and gain international support (in the case of the Baltic states) was a cultural autonomy scheme, which has its origins in the ideas of the late 19th century Austro-Marxist school of thought. This model was successfully implemented once in the past, in inter-war Estonia. However, its modern application, even in cases when it does not just remain on paper (such as in Latvia and Ukraine), seems to serve other motives (e.g. a restitutional framework in Estonia, control of the non-titular minority elites in Russia) rather than the satisfaction of minority cultural needs, thus making cultural autonomy a dead letter.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2016, 36; 109-135
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategies, pillars, operations of influence – the specifics of Russian propaganda and disinformation
Autorzy:
Orzechowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20434553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Russian Federation
information warfare
disinformation
propaganda
operations of influence
Opis:
This paper aim to explore that Russian propaganda has a long historical tradition and a rich instrumentarium. The development of the internet and social media has increased the possibilities for distributing propaganda messages. The principal objective of Russian propaganda is to influence the public opinion in cooperation with persons acting as translators, and to distribute contents – in various national languages – in conformity with the Russian policy and ideology. A tangible objective is to change the opinion about the Russian Federation and its policy so that one negative opinion is matched with at least three positive ones.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2023, 25; 133-144
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian comprehensive approach toward Arctic Race
Autorzy:
ŚLIWA, Zdzislaw
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861746.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
international security
the Arctic
Russian Federation
military developments in Arctic
Opis:
Arctic has lately slipped slightly from the radar of the International Community as a consequence of the Ukrainian, economic austerity, Ebola spread and also combating radicals like Islamic State. Even global warming is not major topic of news. In spite of this, the Arctic race is ongoing involving all the nations interested in that region considering future profits connected with resources, shipping routes and fishery. Among them Russia is currently a key player in many domains especially as it is treating Arctic very seriously and has already invested into grounding national position there. Present-day peaceful cooperation is very promising but growing military presence in Arctic, especially Russian build-up, is causing more and more concerns about the future. The paper is discussing major reasons of the Arctic race, depicting briefly legal aspects e.g. UNCLOS, international organizations like the Arctic Council and also role of actors there. International disputes are also mentioned especially those related to the Russian Federation, being major player there. The main focus is on Russian interests, economy related competition and also military developments to support national interests. The Western sanctions are negatively influencing exploration of natural resources making Moscow nervous and the country must be treated very seriously to avoid creating new “Cold War” type icy relations and confrontation.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2014, 12(12); 212-234
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Demograficzne źródła konfliktu na Kaukazie Północnym
Demographic Causes of the Conflict in the North Caucasus
Autorzy:
Grabowski, Tomasz W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
Kaukaz Północny
demografia
Federacja Rosyjska
North Caucasus
demography
Russian Federation
Opis:
Konflikt na Kaukazie Północnym jest w wyraźny sposób warunkowany sytuacją demograficzną regionu. Naturalny ruch ludności i wzrost demograficzny w II połowie XX wieku był istotnym czynnikiem konfliktogennym w czasie wojen i konfliktów doby schyłku ZSRR oraz w latach 90. ubiegłego stulecia. Istotnym problemem są migracje i ich społeczno-ekonomiczne, a także psychologiczne skutki. Przemieszczenia z gór w doliny wywołuje walkę o ziemię i inne zasoby. Na konfliktach tych zyskują siły ekstremistyczne i fundamentalistyczne, które umiejętnie wykorzystują poczucie krzywdy u niektórych grup ludności. Podobne skutki ma migracja ze wsi do miast. Niepokojącym zjawiskiem z punktu widzenia interesów Moskwy jest zmiana struktury etnicznej Kaukazu Północnego. Świadczy ona o cywilizacyjno-kulturowym odwrocie Rosji z tego obszaru oraz utrudnia bieżącą kontrolę sytuacji w regionie.
The article analyzes the demographic causes of the conflict in the North Caucasus. In particular, phenomena such as natural movement of the population (births, deaths) and migrations. The demographic growth in the second half of the 20th century was a key conflictogenic factor in the time of wars and conflicts at the declining stage of the USSR in the 90’s. Especially dangerous was the second stage of the demographic transition, when low death rate was accompanied by continuous high birth rate. The people of the North Caucasus, however, have almost reached (with certain exceptions such as Chechenya) the end of the demographic transition and so, the high population growth is going to play a lesser role in stirring up the conflicts. The main problem are migrations and their socioeconomic as well as psychological effects. The problem applies to movements from the mountains to the valleys, from the villages to the cities and from the Caucasus to the inland Russia. The migrants, who often meet failures in their lives and suffer from certain imbalance of their value system, become a basic “target” for islamic underground when recruiting new members.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2014, 7; 85-104
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Сотрудничество Турции с субъектами Российской Федерации в период 2000–2010 гг.
Autorzy:
Burak, Ahmed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Turkey
Russian Federation subjects
cooperation
Турция
Субъекты Российской Федерации
Сотрудничество
Opis:
In its 90 years of modern existence, Turkish foreign relations with Russia reflect contentious issues with which the two republics have grappled during the twentieth century and following the collapse of great empires, civil wars and radical changes in the international political system. Moreover, it is safe to say that the degree of constructiveness of these relations is directly dependent upon macropolitical processes in Eurasia, and that the success of foreign political contacts reflects the level of political and cultural thinking of state elites in both countries. One of the most important directions of Russian–Turkish bilateral relations is inter-regional cooperation on the subject of the Russian Federation and Turkey. This paper analyzes the main directions and pace of economic cooperation development between Turkey and Russia’s constituent entities, and evaluates the prospects of these relations.
За 90 лет существования современной Турции её внешнеполитические отношения с Россией отражали те актуальные проблемы, с которыми две республики столкнулись в ХХ в. после распада великих империй, гражданских войн и кардинальных изменений политического строя. Более того, можно с уверенностью сказать, что от степени конструктивности этих отношений напрямую зависели многие макрополитические процессы в Евразии, а успех внешнеполитических контактов отражал уровень политико–культурного мышления государственных элит двух стран. Одним из важнейших направлений российско–турецких двусторонних отношений является межрегиональное сотрудничество между субъектами Российской Федерации и турецкими вилайетами. В работе проанализированы основные направления и темпы развития экономического сотрудничества Турции с субъектами РФ, оцениваются перспективы этих отношений.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2016, 2(11); 25-42
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Corpus-Based Analysis as a Method to Identify Russian Trolling Activity
Autorzy:
Baraniuk, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594462.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
trolling
informational warfare
propaganda
corpus-based analysis
the Russian Federation
Opis:
There has been an increased interest in the field of informational and psychological warfare conducted by the Russian Federation directed at Western countries and their allies following the intensification of the conflict in Ukraine. The most visible example of this are the activities in the field of propaganda, disinformation and psychological operations accompanied the annexation of the Crimea and manipulate the American public during the presidential election in 2016. Trolling as one of using tools of such activity is a highly visible manifestation in which users or automatic comment generation programs manipulate online discussions. This phenomenon is visible and widely discussed in the media discourse. Efforts are being made to develop academically rigorous systems of identification and description. This paper presents the results and main conclusions reached through the application of the author’s method of analysing key words supported by corpus-based analysis in exploring this phenomenon.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2017, 1 (46); 239-255
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Eurazjatycka Unia Gospodarcza – plany i perspektywy rozwoju organizacji
The Eurasian Economic Union – ideas and perspectives
Autorzy:
Waśkiel, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
post-Soviet Area
The Eurasian Economic Union
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Opis:
The Eurasian Economic Union is an organization that consists of five member states – Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia. Declaratively, this initiative is purely economic, but it’s hard not to notice also its political nature. Compared to previous attempts to integrate the post-Soviet area, this current (Eurasian) is quite efficient, although many of the objectives still remain unfulfilled. Politicians (especially Russian) are looking for ways to strengthen the organization and, in addition to deepening cooperation, are also planning to expand the ECU and attract some other states. Politicians ideas often do not coincide with reality and in this article they have been critically analyzed. The most likely future member of the ECU seems to be Tajikistan, a country still heavily dependent on Russia. Other ideas for widening the organization are very questionable (Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Moldova), some of them are unreal (Turkey, Syria) and some even surprising (Greece, Cyprus).
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2017, 11; 427-439
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Away from the West. The Cultural Security of the Russian Federation in Aleksandr G. Dugin’s Eurasian Project
Autorzy:
Składanowski, Marcin
Borzęcki, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
cultural security
Russian Federation
Aleksandr G. Dugin
eurasianism
anti-occidentalism
Opis:
The article is devoted to Aleksandr G. Dugin’s concept of the cultural security of Russia. This concept is closely linked to Dugin’s anti-Occidentalism and Eurasianism, in which he sees the guarantee of the independent and free from foreign influences development of Russia. Firstly, as an introduction, the main elements of Dugin’s Eurasian project are outlined. Secondly, an attempt is undertaken to define the cultural security of Russia. Thirdly, Dugin’s anti-Occidentalism is presented as a way to ensure the cultural security. Finally, the evaluation of Dugin’s understanding of Russia’s cultural security is proposed.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2018, 12; 171-185
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Środki tymczasowe w sporze między Ukrainą a Federacją Rosyjską dotyczącym zarzutów popełnienia zbrodni ludobójstwa a kwestia jurysdykcji Międzynarodowego Trybunału Sprawiedliwości
Provisional measures in the dispute between Ukraine and the Russian Federation over allegations of the crime of genocide and the question of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice
Autorzy:
Kamiński, Tomasz
Kobielski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2192757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russian Federation
International Court of Justice
genocide
provisional measures
Opis:
The authors discuss the legal measures taken by Ukraine in connection with the invasion of the Russian Federation. One such measure was a request to the International Court of Justice in the Hague to oblige Russia to halt hostilities. The ICJ issued an order on provisional measures to secure the protection of Ukrainian rights in the course of the proceedings. In this paper, the authors analyze these measures, their embedding in the current jurisdiction of the ICJ and relevant legal bases.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 2(74); 9-48
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka energetyczna Federacji Rosyjskiej na przykładzie Nord Stream II
Energy policy of the Russian Federation on the example of the Nord Stream II gas pipeline
Autorzy:
Szajstek, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32466444.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Fundacja PSC
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Nord Stream II
energy policy
energy resources
gas
Opis:
This article describes and presents the issue of energy policy pursued by the Russian Federation, with particular emphasis on the role of the Nord Stream II gas pipeline in this policy. The article focuses on both theoretical and practical and assumptions of energy policy - especially in the context of its implementation by the Russian Federation and taking into account the Russian potential of energy resources. The concept of Nord Stream II gas pipeline was presented and analyzed simultaneously from the point of view of potential threats and risks associated with its construction, as well as from the point of view of consequences for its beneficiaries.
Źródło:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne; 2021, 4(8); 21-28
2719-9851
Pojawia się w:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane zagadnienia działalności międzynarodowej podmiotów Federacji Rosyjskiej
Autorzy:
Rychlik, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/523719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-04-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
podmioty federacji
Federacja Rosyjska
stosunki międzynarodowe
federation subjects
the Russian Federation
international relations
Opis:
Specyfika państwa federalnego polega na konieczności zapewnienia państwom wchodzącym w jego skład znacznego stopnia autonomii. Obejmuje ona nierzadko – jak ma to miejsce w przypadku Federacji Rosyjskiej – kompetencje w zakresie utrzymywania relacji międzynarodowych przez podmioty federalne. Uprawnienia z tej dziedziny mają charakter rozproszony: częściowo regulują je ustawy federalne, częściowo akty stanowione przez organy wykonawcze poszczególnych podmiotów. Prowadzi to do znacznego zróżnicowania zarówno co do kategorii uczestników różnego rodzaju stosunków międzynarodowych, jak też zakresu przysługujących analizowanej aktywności kompetencji.
The specificity of the federal state lies in the need for countries within it a significant degree of autonomy. It includes often – as is the case with the Russian Federation – competence in maintaining international relations by federal entities. Permissions in this field are distracted: partly regulate these federal laws, acts partly constituted by the executive in June of individual entities. This leads to considerable variation in both the categories of participants in various kinds of international relations, as well as the range of activities available to the analyzed competence.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2014, 2 (18); 275-288
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Expanding the external ring of Russian defense policy in practice: 2015-2020
Autorzy:
Mickiewicz, Piotr
Kasprzycki, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920242.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-10
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Russian Federation
defense policy
security doctrine
Russian foreign policy
external defense ring
Opis:
Since 2015, there has been a change in the security doctrine regarding the forms of use of the military potential of the Russian Federation’s Armed Forces, while the use of political-military influence has been transformed. The main thesis of the article is based on the assumption that Russian foreign policy is directed by strategic objectives and achieved through a wide range of projects, including limiting all forms and methods of possible retaliatory action from the international community. One of the most important tasks in the defense effort is to expand the so-called external defense ring, the essential elements of which are coordinated political and economic undertakings (strategic safeguarding of Russian interests) and the development of the armed forces’ combat potential (military deterrence). It should be noted that the priority forms of influence are political-diplomatic and economic instruments, only supported and supplemented by military potential. Within the framework of this military potential, the important elements of the projects are in a wide sense the practical implementation of the idea of non-contact war, the activities of special forces and information warfare.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2021, 1; 59-79
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
South Caucasus in the Foregin Policy of the Russian Federation. Do Doctrinal Assumptions Translate into Reality?
Autorzy:
Kardaś, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
South Caucasus
Russian Federation
the foreign policy
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Opis:
Russian policy in South Caucasus is not a fully effective policy, as Russia’s actions towards Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia are dominated by bilateral relations rather than a single, coherent strategy towards the region. The policy towards these countries also bears the hallmarks of an imperial policy, since it boils down to rewards (in the political, economic or military sphere) for cooperation, or punishments for any action against Russian interests. In addition to enhancing bilateral relations, Russia makes efforts (in accordance with documents issued by official bodies) to integrate the CIS area, of course including the Trans-Caucasus, under its leadership. But it comes up short in these efforts, because not all the Caucasus countries are interested in Russian-led economic integration (within the Eurasian Economic Union), or political and military integration (within CIS, CSTO).
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2016, 9; 105-115
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Produkcja i eksploatacja trolejbusów Nortdtrolol w Federacji Rosyjskiej
Production and operation of trolleybuses Nortdtroll in the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Połom, M.
Turżański, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309616.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
trolejbus
Jelcz
Nordtroll
eksport
Federacja Rosyjska
trolleybus
export
Russian Federation
Opis:
Transformacja gospodarcza na początku lat 90. XX w. w postkomunistycznych państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej mocno wpłynęła na rynek motoryzacyjny, w tym rynek pojazdów komunikacji miejskiej. Istniejące fabryki wymagały środków na modernizację i możliwość poprawy jakości wytwarzanych produktów; niedofinansowane przedsiębiorstwa komunikacji miejskiej ograniczyły zakupy do minimum potrzeb. W byłym ZSRR dominującym producentem trolejbusów były zakłady ZiU z Engels, które oferowały pojazdy na niskim poziomie jakościowym. Po transformacji politycznej pojawiały się w Federacji Rosyjskiej pomysły uniezależnienia od dostaw trolejbusów z rodzimej fabryki. Jedna z inicjatyw zakładała powołanie spółki, która będzie wytwarzała trolejbusy na bazie importowanych nadwozi marki Jelcz. W ramach tego przedsięwzięcia w latach 1994-1998 wyprodukowano łącznie 23 trolejbusy, które były eksploatowane w 7 rosyjskich miastach.
The economic transformation in the early 90s in the post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe strongly influenced the automotive market, including public transport vehicles. Existing producers required funds to modernize in order to improve the quality of manufactured products, on the other hand, under-funded public transport companies reduced purchases to a minimum needs. In the former USSR, the dominant producer of trolleybuses was ZiU from Engels, that offered low quality vehicles. After the political transformation in the Russian Federation were created ideas of independence from national factory. One of the initiatives involved the establishment of the company, which will be producing the trolleybuses on the basis of imported Jelcz body. In total, this project, in 1994-1998, produced 23 trolleybuses, which have been operated in seven Russian cities.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2015, 16, 9; 28-31
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Produkcja i eksploatacja trolejbusów Rossan w Federacji Rosyjskiej
Production and operation of trolleybuses Rossan in the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Połom, M.
Turżański, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/314180.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
trolejbus
Autosan
Rossan
eksport
Federacja Rosyjska
trolleybus
export
Russian Federation
Opis:
W byłym ZSRR dominującym zakładem produkcji trolejbusów była fabryka ZiU w Engels; miała ona duże możliwości produkcyjne. Główny model produkowany w tym zakładzie - ZiU 682 w wielu odmianach - sprzedano w ponad 42 tys. egzemplarzy, czyniąc go najpopularniejszym trolejbusem na świecie. Transformacja gospodarcza w Rosji na początku lat 90. wpłynęła na rynek motoryzacyjny, w tym na rynek pojazdów komunikacji miejskiej. Wiele przedsiębiorstw szukało możliwości rozwoju lub próbowało zaistnieć na rynku. Konkurencja ze strony tradycyjnych producentów była słaba z powodu wieloletniego niedoinwestowania i niskiej jakości wytwarzanych pojazdów. Podobnie jak w przypadku produkcji trolejbusów Nordtroll w oparciu o polskie nadwozia z Jelcza (por. art. w „Autobusach” [1]), powstała inicjatywa kooperacji z Autosanem. Miastem zainteresowanym produkcją trolejbusów na nadwoziach z Sanoka był Orenburg, w którym eksploatowano wiele autobusów polskiego producenta. Łącznie w latach 1999–2004 zbudowano tylko 2 trolejbusy na nadwoziach Autosana H10-11, które eksploatowano w Orenburgu.
In the former USSR ZiU factory (in Engels) was main trolleybus producer, who had large production capacity. The main model produced at the plant - ZiU 682 in many varieties - sold in more than 42 thousand copies. It is mean that it was the most popular trolleybus in the world. The economic transformation in Russia in the early 90s affected the automotive market, including public transport vehicles. Many companies were searching for growth opportunities or to appear on the market. Competition from traditional producers was weak due to many years of underinvestment and low quality of produced vehicles. Just as described in Autobusy [1] production of trolleybuses Nordtroll based on the Polish body of Jelcz, the same initiative of cooperation was started with Autosan. City of stakeholders production of trolleybuses on bodies from Sanok was Orenburg, where many buses from the Polish manufacturer were in use. In total, in 1999-2004, only two trolleybuses were built on bodies of Autosan H10-11, which operated in Orenburg.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2015, 16, 10; 30-32
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The issue of Strategic Assumptions of the Russian Federation of Vladimir Putin’s Era in Achieving Objectives of the International Policy
Autorzy:
Wierzbicki, Sławomir
Tarasiuk, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Vladimir Putin
foreign policy
national security
political system
Opis:
An aim of the author is to describe the strategic interpretation in the field of national security adopted by President Vladimir Putin. The third term of the Russian leader is a continuation of the guidelines of vision, which have been appointed in 2000-2008. The common denominator is emphasis the large world power of Russia. However, the strategic objective is aspiration to stimulate polycentral international order. This effort is carried out both in the declarative and doctrinal sphere. Numerous expressions are an illustration of this logic that defies the peaceful coexistence by allowing also the use of force in pursuing their own interests. In practice “the Putin’s system” reviews of post-cold war European order. The reach and effectiveness of achieving this objective are visible in expanding sphere of influence, accompanied by hybrid action and development of military capability.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 78; 157-163
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Russian Federation’s neo-imperial expansionist strategy for the Post-Soviet region discussed using the example of the Russo-Georgian conflict of 2008
Autorzy:
Orzechowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
International relations
post-soviet area
Russian Federation
Georgia
Caucasus
separatism
Opis:
The subject of this article is the analysis of the conflict between the Russian Federation and Georgia in 2008. The conflict has opened a new stage in Russia’s strategic drive to make decisions and implement them in areas recognized as important for the security of the country, even if they are outside its borders. The Georgian case clearly indicated that Russia wants to maintain its dominant position in the entire post-Soviet area. The region of the Caucasus remains an extremely important area for Russia, where it wants to maintain strategic control. The author proves in his article that the main determinants influencing the policy of the Russian Federation in the Caucasus region are: maintaining the greatest possible impact on the internal situation of the countries of the region, the maximum hindering possible integration with the Euro-Atlantic structures, the largest economic dependence on Russia, taking control over key sectors of the economy, maintaining military presence, isolation of the North Caucasus from Georgia, maintaining a monopoly on energy supplies, interest in Azeri mineral resources, striving to take over control of natural gas transport. The Russian-Georgian conflict of 2008 was one of the elements of Russia’s demonstration of the consequences of maintaining its dominant position in the post-Soviet area. The sphere of influence extends not only to Eastern Europe but also to the socalled Putin’s doctrine extends, in fact, to the entire area of the former USSR.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2018, 9; 30-43
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rehabilitation of nazism as a crime in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-26
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
Nazism
rehabilitation of Nazism
criminal code of the Russian Federation
Opis:
The paper discusses with the crime of rehabilitation of Nazism contained in the 1996 Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It presents the rationale for its introduction into the legislation, the scope of the legal regulation, and its evaluation in terms of its content and edition. For the purpose of the publication, research questions were posed, the answers to which demonstrated the political and populist nature of the regulation and its imprecise casuistic approach, which brings few benefits to Russia’s criminal policy.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2023, 17, 1 ENG; 1-23
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Legality and Certain Legal Consequences of the “Accession” of Crimea to the Russian Federation
Autorzy:
Cwicinskaja, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
accession
annexation
aggression
Crimea
declaration of independence Russian Federation
Ukraine
Opis:
On 11 March 2014 Crimea declared independence. Ukraine and international society has not recognised that act. However Crimea’s independence was recognised by Russia and on 18 March 2014 an agreement on the accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation was signed. Many countries and international organisations have condemned that step, viewing it as illegal annexation. Regardless of how this situation is treated however, it is at present a fait accompli. Such a situation evokes legal consequences both in the internal law of Ukraine and Russia as well as on the plane of international law. The residents of Crimea appear to be in the worst situation. Legal certainty is a fiction for them now. There are also problems on the international plane. Despite the fact that in the opinion of international society Crimea remains an integral part of Ukraine, in practice there are many conflicting problems of a legal nature that cannot be solved, at least for the time being. This article analyses the legality and certain legal consequences of the “accession” of Crimea to Russia and the effect of this accession on the legal situation for residents of Crimea. The article concludes that legal situation of Crimeans will not improve anytime soon, and that the legal problems which have arisen on the international plane will not be resolved soon either.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 61-87
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Many Narratives or a Single Voice? The Role of Historical Policy in EU–Russia Relations
Autorzy:
Marzęda-Młynarska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28411107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Russian Federation
EU
historical policy
historical narrative
discourse-historical approach
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to analyse the process of change in Russian historical policy from a foreign policy perspective. The article hypothesizes that the historical policy can be considered as an indicator of changes in Russia’s foreign policy, allowing to infer the direction of its future development, playing both an ‘integrative’ and ‘disintegrative’ role. Using the example of the EU, the impact of Russia’s historical policy on the EU’s historical narrative is examined. While in the analysed context the new Russian historical narrative signalled a growing distrust and a more confrontational stance towards the EU (a disintegrative role), its unintended side effect was the construction of a common European historical narrative (an integrative role) pushed by the Central and Eastern European states in response to Russia’s aggressive rhetoric on historical issues, the interpretation of which few years earlier had divided the ‘old’ and ‘new’ member states.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2023, 44 (51); 9-26
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role and importance of the collective security treaty organization in the security system of the post-Soviet area
Autorzy:
Romańczuk, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40406061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
post-Soviet area
CSTO
security system
Russian Federation
armed forces
Opis:
The collapse of the USSR resulted in the decomposition of the security system in the post-Soviet Region. The states established after the collapse of the USSR were looking for new security guarantees, fearing for the future, especially at the beginning of shaping their statehood. However, the Russian Federation sought to reintegrate the post-Soviet area for historical and political reasons. Its goal was to subjugate the post-Soviet states and maintain its sphere of influence in the region. It created the Collective Security Treaty Organization, which was to be an institutional form of integration of the countries of the post-Soviet area under the leadership of Russia. Its actions were also aimed at eliminating the influence of European countries and the PRC in this region. The main aim of the article is to analyze the military and political activities of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the importance of the Russian Federation in it. The article presents the main decision-making bodies of the organization, political processes and actions undertaken by the CSTO. It also pays attention to a significant challenge for the CSTO created by the armed intervention of the Russian Federation in Ukraine in 2022.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2023, 26; 142-157
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w układzie sił na Kremlu w latach 2007-2016
Balance of power changes in the Kremlin in 2007-2016
Autorzy:
Olszanecka, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Federacja Rosyjska
elita władzy
Putin Władimir
Russian Federation
elite
Putin Vladimir
Opis:
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie: jak zmieniała się elita władzy w Rosji w latach 2007–2016 i kto podejmuje najważniejsze decyzje w państwie. Do udzielenia odpowiedzi na to pytanie zostanie wykorzystany model „Politbiuro 2.0”. Jest to schemat zaproponowany przez Minchenko Consulting, zgodnie z którym współcześnie najważniejsi decydenci w Rosji zasiadają w Radzie Bezpieczeństwa FR, stworzonej na wzór radzieckiego Biura Politycznego.
The purpose of this article is to answer the question as to how the Russian elite changed between 2007 and 2016 and who made the most important decisions in the state. To answer this question, I will use the “Politburo 2.0” model. This is a scheme proposed by Minchenko Consulting, according to which the most important decision makers in Russia today sit on the Security Council of the Russian Federation, modelled on the Soviet Political Bureau.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej; 2017, 4(109); 85-98
2543-6937
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cross border economic cooperation between Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation
Tansgraniczna współpraca gospodarcza Polski z obwodem kaliningradzkim Federacji Rosyjskiej
Autorzy:
Palmowski, T.
Kondratowicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/84956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
economic cooperation
Polska
Kaliningrad Oblast
Russian Federation
border cooperation
international cooperation
Opis:
Kaliningrad Oblast is a Russian exclave lying by the Baltic Sea. In the best interest of Baltic countries, including Poland, is for the Baltic Sea region to be a stable and trustworthy region benefiting from multifaceted international cooperation. In view of the above, the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation and its relations with EU states, and especially the closest neighbours have an important role to play. Trading between Poland and Kaliningrad Oblast is developing relatively well, but capital involvement remains well below the potential capacity. The scope of economic cooperation is relatively small. Work on providing security and services to Polish investors in Kaliningrad also remains unsatisfactory.
Obwód Kaliningradzki to rosyjska eksklawa położona nad Bałtykiem, której najważniejszym miastem jest Kaliningrad, gdzie koncentruje się 46% ludności i 60% potencjału przemysłowego. W obwodzie znajduje się stosunkowo dobrze rozwinięty kompleks transportowy. Region zyskał w 1992 r. status wolnej strefy ekonomicznej, a w 1996 r. specjalnej strefy ekonomicznej. Rozszerzenie Unii Europejskiej w 2004 r. wpłynęło na specyfikę i unikatowe geostrategiczne położenie Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego, stanowiącego część Federacji Rosyjskiej, położonej wewnątrz Zjednoczonej Europy. Od tego czasu zaczęto określać go mianem „bramy do Rosji”. Polska jest trzecim najważniejszym dostawcą towarów do Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego po Niemczech i Chinach. Polskie przedsiębiorstwa zaopatrują eksklawę Rosji przede wszystkim w żywność oraz chemię gospodarczą. Do głównych grup towarów importowanych z Polski do obwodu należą ponadto: wyroby przemysłu maszynowego, inne produkty przemysłu chemicznego: tworzywa sztuczne i pochodne, odzież, obuwie, papier, materiały budowlane oraz meble. Do najczęściej wysyłanego asortymentu należą mieszanki warzywne, warzywa suszone, mrożone truskawki, a także świeże jabłka, wiśnie i śliwki. Z Obwodu Kalinigradzkiego sprowadza się głownie ropę naftową i produkty ropopochodne, wentylacyjne, oświetlenie, drewno, nawozy, miedź i celulozę. Polskie towary widoczne są w kaliningradzkich sklepach, podobnie jak komponenty budowlane i wyposażenie nowych obiektów, takie jak: stolarka okienna i drzwiowa, meble, zabudowy wnętrz, armatura sanitarna, urządzenia elektryczne i klimatyzacyjne. Ponadto artykuły papiernicze, gospodarstwa domowego, wyposażenie domów i ogrodów są towarem, którym zainteresowane są większe sieci sklepów, w tym rosyjski potentat „Wester”. Szacuje się, iż około 30% polskich firm działających w Obwodzie Kaliningradzkim pochodzi z Warmii i Mazur. Większość artykułów rolno-spożywczych eksportowanych do obwodu pochodzi z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego. Niespełna milionowy rynek Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego, z uwagi na zróżnicowany poziom dochodów ludności, można uznać za stosunkowo mało chłonny, ale okazuje się on bardzo ważny dla polskich przedsiębiorstw. Ich liczebność jest większa niż firm z Niemiec – największego importera w tym regionie. W 2006 r. wśród największych inwestorów w obwodzie było dwóch jego bezpośrednich sąsiadów. Największym inwestorem bezpośrednim są firmy litewskie, które skutecznie konkurują na rynkach obwodu z polskimi firmami. Polskie towary są powszechne w Kaliningradzie, wiele polskich marek jest dobrze znanych i rozpoznawalnych od kilku lat.
Źródło:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline; 2009, 13 part II
1643-0115
Pojawia się w:
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryzys rosyjski i kierunki wyjścia w świetle prac Instytutu EurAzES
The Russian crisis and the directions to exit from, in light of the works of EurAzES Institute
Autorzy:
Massaka, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953251.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
modernization in the Russian Federation
EurAzES Institute
oligarchy
integration
neo-Eurasianism
Opis:
Works of analysts centered in the EurAzES Institute (EI), among them the dissertation by Vladimir Tamak on modernization of the Russian Federation (2012) and the anonymous “Global Project Russia” (2011), prove the vitality of the Eurasian idea in the RF (Russian Federation) and its political potential. Tamak’s reformatory postulates, as well as, in a lesser degree, the ones of other scholars and activists from the circle of EI, are integrated with the negative opinion on political and social reality in the RF after 1993. The analysis of causes and prospective results of the crisis is directed by the thesis about the Russian and global oligarchic involvement. EI’s neo-Eurasian reformatory projects, promoted as innovative, and the only ones among other modernizing programs announced in the recent years, constitute a compilation of selected elements of classical Eurasianism (i.a. idiocracy, organic democracy, anti-Occidentalism, Orthodox traditionalism), a contemporary version of Eurasianism elaborated by L. Gumilov (i.a. relative autarchy), and neo-Eurasianism by A. Dugin (i.a. vision of the future of the RF as Eurasia’s heartland; non-European model of development of Eurasian industry).
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2015, 45; 120-142
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka historyczna Federacji Rosyjskiej i Związku Radzieckiego wobec Polski na przykładzie opisu agresji ZSRR na Polskę w świetle narracji podręcznikowej
Russians and Soviets historical policy towards Poland: description of the Soviet invasion of Poland in textbook narrative
Autorzy:
Boridczenko, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1935963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
polityka historyczna
Federacja Rosyjska
ZSRR
politics of memory
Russian Federation
USSR
Opis:
W niniejszym artykule omówiono rosyjską narrację historyczną w rodzimym szkolnictwie. Poruszony temat polega na badaniu polityki historycznej Federacji Rosyjskiej i Związku Radzieckiego. Uwagę skupiono na zawartym w podręcznikach Federacji Rosyjskiej oraz Związku Radzieckiego opisie 17 września 1939 roku. Podstawą analizy stała się szeroko zakrojona kwerenda, w trakcie której zanalizowano teksty obowiązujących od 1954 roku podręczników szkolnych. Główne uzasadnienie podjętej tematyki stanowi cieszący się popularnością w polskiej publicystyce dyskurs nawiązujący do polityki historycznej Rosji. Zgodnie z założeniem artykułu historyczna wiedza przekazywana w szkołach Rosji cechuje się starannym pomijaniem wątków związanych z radziecką agresją na Polskę.
The article discusses the presentation of events from September 17, 1939 in the textbooks of the Russian Federation and the Soviet Union. Thematically, the topic is related to the politics of memory in Russia. The research is based on a wide-ranging analyses of the texts of the school literature published after 1958 in the USSR and in the Russian Federation. Constant discourse on the Polish political scene creates a vision of Russia neglecting Poland. As a main thesis a problem was selected concerning the indoctrination in a Russian school, which is based on ignoring the Soviet aggression on Poland.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2019, 61; 74-91
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
External Security Strategies of Belarus
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Belarus
security strategies
the Russian Federation
the Collective Security Treaty Organisation
Opis:
Under President Lukashenko, three Belarusian national security strategies have been announced: the first in 1995, the second in 2001 and the third in 2011. The first proposal, formulated after Lukashenko’ victory in the presidential elections in 1994, outlined Belarus as a neutral state, unbound to any military block in the absence of external enemies. The direction of the foreign policy pursued by the president of Belarus was reflected in the second strategy, where security against NATO and EU member states was sought in a federal state with the Russian Federation. Under the third national security scheme Belarus was to remain in Russia’s military security system. Nevertheless, an important security factor was considered to be the modernisation of the economy with foreign capital participation and the need to diversify the supplies of fuels, thus reducing the country’s dependence on its earlier partner. The subsequently issued documents: the military doctrine of the State, whose assumptions were published on 20 July 2016, and the Concept of security of the Belarusian state borders for the period 2018–2022, prioritised further development of relations with the Russian Federation and the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation. A new element of the 2019 defence plan is the prevention of external aggression and internal disturbance that contribute to the destabilisation of the state.  
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2020, 27, 2; 75-89
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Broń strzelecka Sił Zbrojnych Federacji Rosyjskiej
Small arms of Russian Federation Armed Forces
Autorzy:
Nawrotek, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/236155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia
Tematy:
broń strzelecka
siły zbrojne
Federacja Rosyjska
firearms
armed forces
Russian Federation
Opis:
Rosja od wielu lat pozostaje jednym z głównych producentów i eksporterów uzbrojenia i sprzętu wojskowego. Jednak pomimo zachowania pozycji lidera, znajduje się co najmniej jedna nisza rynkowa, w której rosyjski kompleks wojskowo-przemysłowy został wyparty z zajmowanych, w czasach ZSRR, pozycji i nie pokazuje nowych osiągnięć. Chodzi o broń strzelecką, gdzie stosunkowo niskie koszty produkcji przekładają się na kilkuprocentowy udział w światowym obrocie uzbrojeniem. Rynek ten, niewielki z punktu widzenia finansowego, ma dla Rosji duże znaczenie symboliczne. Niezależnie od tego, jakim zaawansowanym technologicznie uzbrojeniem dysponowałyby armie na całym świecie, operacje wojskowe nie mogą się obejść bez udziału piechoty i jej broni strzeleckiej. Poza siłami zbrojnymi użytkują ją służby specjalne, antyterrorystyczne, oddziały policyjne, straż graniczna i straż obrony wybrzeża, a także struktury przeznaczone do zwalczania handlu narkotykami.
Russia has been for many years one of main producers and exporters of arms and military equipment. But even if the Russian Military-industrial Complex still maintains a leading position, there is at least one domain where it was forced to quit positions kept during the Soviet Union and does not present any new achievements. The question refers to firearms where relatively low costs of manufacture are transformed on a few percentage share in the world arms trade. This market has a significant symbolic meaning for Russia despite of its modest financial dimension. Military operations require a deployment of infantry with its firearms, independently on state of the art technology of the arms used by the armies. Beside the armed forces, the firearms are used by special and antiterrorist services, police, border and coastal guards, and also by the structures dedicated for fighting the drugs trafficking.
Źródło:
Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia; 2019, 48, 152; 105-126
1230-3801
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aktywność rosyjskiego społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Internecie na tle lokalnych uwarunkowań społeczno-politycznych
The online activity of Russian civil society in the context of local socio-political conditions
Autorzy:
Ferreira Fernandes, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/901738.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
Federacja Rosyjska
społeczeństwo obywatelskie
Internet
cyberaktywizm
Russian Federation
civil society
cyberactivism
Opis:
Ostatnie dwie dekady to okres intensywnego rozwoju sieci internetowej, która zrewolucjonizowała funkcjonowanie społeczeństw i polityki. Artykuł dotyczy wpływu Internetu na kształt obecnego społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Rosji. Celem prezentowanej pracy jest próba ukazania najbardziej popularnych form cyberaktywizmu w Rosji oraz prezentacja sukcesywnie wprowadzonych mechanizmów kontroli treści internetowych i działań obywatelskich.
The last two decades have been a period of intensive development of the Internet network that has revolutionized the functioning of societies and politics. The article concerns the impact of the Internet on the shape of current civil society in Russia. The aim of the presented work is an attempt to show the most popular forms of cyberactivism in Russia and to present mechanisms of controlling Internet content and online civic activities by authorities.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Polityka; 2020, 2(63); 59-71
1733-8050
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znaczenie polityczno-militarne przesmyku suwalskiego
Political and military importance of the Suwalki Gap
Autorzy:
Kowalczewski, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540403.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
Federacja Rosyjska
Przesmyk Suwalski
NATO
Polska
Russian Federation
Suwalki gap
Polska
Opis:
Artykuł zawiera analizę problemu wynikającego z istnienia przesmyku suwalskiego, jego uwarunkowania polityczno-militarne oraz znaczenie z punktu widzenia Federacji Rosyjskiej i NATO. Autor podsumowuje także potencjał militarny państw znajdujących się w sąsiedztwie tego obszaru, tj. Federacji Rosyjskiej, Białorusi, Polski i Litwy. Autor wykazuje, że sprzeczne interesy mocarstw w tym obszarze o dużym znaczeniu strategicznym mogą doprowadzić do konfliktów i stwarzają zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa przyległych obszarów
The article describes problem of the Suwalki gap, its political and military determinants and its significance for both the Russian Federation and NATO. The author summarizes the military potential and capabilities of Russian Federation, Belarus, Poland and Lithuania in this area. The aim of this study is to show the strategic importance of this region to interested parties. Clashing the interests of states in this part of Europe may lead to conflicts and pose a threat to security, not only to these countries but also to others.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2018, 25; 104-115
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Domestic and International Causes of Russian Military Intervention in Ukraine
Krajowe i międzynarodowe przyczyny rosyjskiej interwencji zbrojnej na Ukrainie
Autorzy:
Romańczuk, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
post-Soviet area
Russian Federation
Ukraine
foreign policy
military conflicts
geopolitics
Opis:
The collapse of the Cold War order led to a change in the geopolitical environment of the Russian Federation. The declarations of independence of the former Soviet republics and the emergence of the post-Soviet area had weakened the country’s position. As a result, the Russian Federation has been perceiving this new area as a zone of its ‘vital interests’, and attaining and maintaining dominant position in those territories has been considered crucial for the state’s security, its strength and position on the international arena. Russia has been pursuing its goals in the area through numerous reintegration attempts on political, military and economic levels. To achieve the main political goal, which is the control over the post-Soviet area, the Russian Federation has been also using military instruments. The focal point and purpose of this article is to show the internal and external causes of military intervention of the Russian Federation in eastern Ukraine.
Upadek pojałtańskiego porządku na świecie doprowadził do zmiany w geopolitycznym otoczeniu Federacji Rosyjskiej. Pozycja tego państwa uległa osłabieniu m.in. z uwagi na ogłoszenie niepodległości przez poszczególne republiki związkowe. Jednocześnie powstał tzw. obszar postradziecki. Dla Federacji Rosyjskiej wskazany obszar stanowi „strefę żywotnych interesów”, a zdobycie i utrzymanie dominującej pozycji ma zapewnić państwu bezpieczeństwo, wzrost siły i umocnienie pozycji na arenie międzynarodowej. Rosja realizuje swoje cele głównie przez próbę reintegracji obszaru postradzieckiego na płaszczyźnie politycznej, militarnej i gospodarczej. Do realizacji głównego celu politycznego, jakim jest kontrola nad obszarem postradzieckim, Federacja Rosyjska wykorzystuje elementy militarne. Centralnym punktem rozważań i celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych przyczyn interwencji militarnej Federacji Rosyjskiej na wschodzie Ukrainy.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2021, 36 (43); 45-59
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Russian Federation Dominance in the International Security Environment
Autorzy:
Banasik, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
strategic dominance
Russian Federation
international security
armed
forces
new generation war
Opis:
This article presents the research results, which set out to explain the mechanisms leading to the achievement of dominance by the Russian Federation in the international security environment. In the research process, the systemic approach was applied. Analysis and criticism of the literature, non-participatory observation and case study elements were used to solve the research problems. As a result, it was determined that the theoretical basis for the Russian Federation's achievement of international dominance is the concept of new generation war. The model of the strategic influence of the Russian Federation is directed at the shaping of the security environment and includes the synchronisation of kinetic and non-kinetic measures, indirect and direct effects, the blurring of the boundaries between war and peace and the application of pressure and aggression. The Russian Federation achieves strategic dominance through asymmetry, chaos, reflexive control, and strategic deterrence. Armed forces provide a key role in asserting dominance, focused on conducting offensive activities and inflicting losses with conventional and nuclear weapons.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 3 (51); 7-17
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena zgodności z prawem Unii Europejskiej poselskiego projektu ustawy o ograniczeniu przewozu towarów przez przewoźników zarejestrowanych na terenie Federacji Rosyjskiej lub Republiki Białoruskiej
Assessment of the conformity to the European Union law of the Bill on the Restriction of Carriage of Goods by Carriers Registered in the Russian Federation or the Republic of Belarus
Autorzy:
Olejniczak, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
foreign trade
transport
Russian Federation
Republic of Belarus
bill
EU law
Opis:
The provisions of the bill providing for the restriction of the entry into the territory of the Republic of Poland of carriers from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are incompatible with the principles of the common commercial policy on the free importation of goods into the EU. Any action in this area may only be taken by the Union, while Member States may only do so on the authority of the Union or for the implementation of Union law.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2022, 3(75); 73-79
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The End of the “End of History” of the Post-Soviet Period or the Ukrainian-European Answer to Russia’s Desire to Restore the Imperial Status and the Quasi-Bipolar World
Autorzy:
Fursa, Alla
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Ukraine
the EU
the Russian Federation
the Ukrainian-Russian crisis
the Crimean issue
Opis:
The statement about the “end of history” of the American researcher F. Fukuyama based on the fragmentation of the bipolar system of the world order in the confrontation of classical capitalist and socialist economies and democratic and authoritarian political systems.Until recently, despite the growing economic power of the Asian Tigers, political and military potential of China and consolidation of Russia, the question of the bipolar confrontation being back on track was seen as rather hypothetical. However, the recent actions of the Russia’s President Putin aimed at the destruction of the Ukrainian statehood and restoration of the authoritarian Russian Empire changed it into practical issues and created new challenges for the EU, Ukraine and the entire world.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2014, 2 (6)
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Food Safety Doctrine and the food product embargo introduced by the Russian Federation on 7th August 2014
Autorzy:
Jach-Chrzaszcz, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179465.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Food Safety Doctrine
Polish agriculture
Russian Federation
Russian food product embargo
economy
horticulture
Opis:
The predominant goal of this article is to present both the origins and the development of the process of a food product embargo introduction by the Russian Federation. Basing on his own experiences, the author presents the evolution of the Russian embargo from the Polish point of view, as said country has been severely experiencing disadvantages connected with the inability to sell food products to its neighbor, especially when it comes to apples Poland is the biggest producer of in Europe. The major issue touched upon within this publication is the very nature of the embargo – the analysis of whether it is one of the goals of foreign policy realized by Russia and being the response to sanctions adopted after the military intervention in Ukraine or an internal policy aiming at the proper realization of the Food Safety Doctrine.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 78; 205-208
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ACCESSION TO THE WTO. CASE: THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Autorzy:
Żołądkiewicz, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Accession
WTO
Membership
Applicant, the Russian Federation
Russia
Multilateral Rules
Negotiations
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is to discuss process and procedures of WTO accession in the context of universal membership. This is done by looking at the experience of the Russian Federation (Russia). With a notable exception of the Russian Federation, all major trading nations are WTO members. One of the challenges confronting WTO will be to manage the process of integrating Russia and other acceding countries into the trading system. It could be reasonable to ask why the WTO accession process takes so long and is inherently time consuming, despite the fact that it is complex due to the requirements that need to be met. This article identifies the weak points in the accession process and makes some recommendations.
Źródło:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE); 2010, 3, 1; 79-92
1308-2701
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Взаємовідносини по лінії Москва – Мінськ у рамках енергетичного сектору
Stosunki wzajemne na linii Moskwa-Miński w ramach sektora energetycznego
Autorzy:
Клачиньскі, Роберт
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
petrol
natural gas
energy sector
pipelines
Russian Federation
Republic of Belarus
Opis:
A paper entitled Cooperation between Moskow and Minsk in the energy sector describes the most important problems of gas and petrol market at the European part of former USSR. It is an attempt to answer questions aroused by the situation at the post-soviet petrol market. Its analytical part is based on statistical data, analytical papers of the most important think-tanks in that matter, books and papers together with internet resources. All above mentioned contribute to an author`s proper arguments which are focused on abilities and limitations of petrol and gas sector of Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus. The paper provides an information about bilateral relations of these countries, describes Russian energy strategy towards pos-soviet area, especially towards the Belarus` role. It also describes Russian-Belarusian relations in broad international context and also Belarusian dilemmas while Minsk does refuse Russians to obtain strategic importance in the country`s energy sector on the one hand, but also must strictly cooperate with Moscow while Belarusian economy is unable to function without cheap petrol and gas supplies from Russia. An author focuses also on Yamal pipeline and the eventual threat from the Nord-Stream project and also describes the meaning of BTS1 and BTS2 installations which virtually are the pressure tools on Belarus. He characterizes the background of past and current energy conflicts in bilateral relations and indicates the role of petrol and gas as political tools at Russian disposal, towards Belarus. He also formulate prognosis, based on his past analyzes. According to an author Belarus must solve the problem of its own dependency on Moscow in the energy area. Without it she won`t be a clearly independent state. In the same time Russia is using all possible tools and strengths it monopoly on the Belarusian petrol market. This kind of policy is a step in Russian Federation`s policies aimed at regaining imperial role again in the post-soviet area.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2018, 8; 71-76
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interesy narodowe Federacji Rosyjskiej w Syrii na tle rosyjskiej interwencji w 2015 roku
Autorzy:
Skuczyński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Russian Federation
intervention
Syria
national interests
Russia
al-Assad
Islamic State
Opis:
On September 2015 Russian Federation began intervention in Syria acting on behalf of Bassâr al-’Assad against Islamic State and other rebels who are fighting against Syria Arab Republic. This decision had been influenced by Russia’s objective reasons as well by particular interests of its administration. The main aim o f this article is to analyze national interests regarding Russian Federation’s intervention in Syria which are defined by author as: survival o f the state, political autonomy, economic prosperity and sense o f self-esteem o f state-society complex. The author also discusses particular interests o f Russian administration which he considers as being in accordance with national interests. Threads mentioned in the article consists of: historic relations between states, economic interests, an impact o f the intervention on Russian internal and foreign policy, the seaport in Tartüs and Russian citizens in Syria.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2016, 9; 91-104
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosyjska polityka pretekstów, a art. 5 Traktatu waszyngtońskiego – zagrożenia i możliwości obronne
Russian policy of pretexts vs. Articul 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty – threats and defence possibilities
Autorzy:
Sieńko, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
international relations
system of collective defence
the Ukrainian conflict
Russian Federation
Opis:
The Ukrainian conflict has demonstrated that the Russian Federation is now more likely to use a strategy of inspired pretexts than ever before in order to influence international relations and the internal situation of former communist republics and other Countries of Eastern Europe. This article describes the possible areas of hotspots that may be used by Russia to create an atmosphere of tension in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region. It also points out the differences in attitude to Russia's activities, revealed by various NATO members during the Ukrainian conflict and the current role of the 5th Article of The North Atlantic Treaty in a system of collective defence.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2014, 1(19); 47-65
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vectors of development in higher education of Russia and Belarus: A comparative approach
Autorzy:
Titarenko, Larissa G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
higher education system
Russian Federation
Republic of Belarus
internationalization
Bologna principles
Opis:
The article is devoted to the sphere of higher education in two former Soviet countries: Russia and Belarus . It is aimed to compare the systems of higher education in these countries under the angle of global and regional challenges . The article is based on national statistics from both states and survey data . The author analyses the ways that each of the countries’ practices to increase its educational competitiveness on the global level and adapt to the market conditions . It is described that both countries use such mechanisms in the sphere of higher education as an educational service for foreign students and membership in the educational associations (European and Eurasian) . The scale of the systems of higher education and their potential are described to explain the similarities and differences between the two countries. Three types of educational integration are described . The article concludes that the system of higher education in Belarus is currently developing in a way that differs from Russia and its achievements are much smaller; at the same time, regardless of the declarations on the necessity of internationalisation, current development leads Belarus further away from the European education system, while also not make it closer to Russia . A lack of resources and political dominance over the educational goals make the Belarusian system of higher education not as attractive for students as the Russian one.
Źródło:
Eastern Review; 2019, 8; 9-29
1427-9657
2451-2567
Pojawia się w:
Eastern Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Federacja Rosyjska wobec Brexitu – szanse i zagrożenia
Autorzy:
Bielicki, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
Russian Federation
Brexit
Great Britain
United States of America
Syria
EU
Opis:
The subject of my interest is to analyze the most important conditions and dependencies regarding the attitude of the Russian Federation towards Brexit in the political, economic and military dimension. The main purpose of these considerations is an attempt to answer the question of whether Britain’s exit from the European Union may become a chance for Russia to achieve its political, economic and military goals or a threat to its international interests. At the outset, I intend to describe the political dimension of Brexit for Russia, which is related to the attempts of the Kremlin’s government and journalists to find out why the British have made the decision in the referendum. I would also like to present a hypothesis that because of the vote in the UK, Moscow has once again become a major player in the international arena after the annexation of Crimea and the war in eastern Ukraine, as evidenced by the US–Russian cooperation in resolving the Syrian conflict. In the further part of the text, I address the problem of Russia’s economic situation and the possible implications of Brexit on the functioning of the Russian economy. In addition, I am introducing the military dimension of Brexit for Russia, which is related to the findings of the NATO summit in in July 2016, regarding the strengthening of the Alliance’s forces on the so-called Eastern flank. In summary, I will try to outline whether Brexit may be a long-term opportunity or a threat to Russia, considering its current political, economic and military interests.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2019, 27 (34); 23-40
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Construction of Public Roads at the Meeting Point of Different Legislation Systems
Autorzy:
Hełdak, M.
Bykowa, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124307.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
road density
development of transportation networks
public roads
Russian Federation
Polska
Opis:
The study discusses the topic of transport accessibility in Poland and the Russian Federation. The authors have analysed the principles of acquiring land for the construction of public roads, network development and problems that accompany the development of national roads. Since the political transformation at the beginning of the 1990’s, Poland and Russian Federation have been in the need of legislative changes that would facilitate the acquisition of land for road investments. The study presents the dynamic development of the national roads system in Poland, after the accession to the European Union, and improvement of the communication system in the Russian Federation.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 6; 86-94
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosyjski trzeci sektor we współczesnej Federacji Rosyjskiej
The Third Sector in Russian Federation Today
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16036171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
non-commercial organization in the Russian Federation
non-governmental organizations
control of the third sector in the Russian Federation
“foreign agents” law
activation in the civil society
Opis:
At present, Russian Federation shows symptoms of departure from democratization processes and civil society models. Over the last decade, Vladimir Putin’s coming to power, changes in the strategy and rhetoric of internal affairs in demonstrated tendencies for increased social control, restrictions imposed on NGOs and deliberate restructuring of the third sector in line with the designs of the central authority.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2018, 17; 153-175
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-100 z 338

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