Temat: przestępstwa przeciwko życiu - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

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Tytuł:: Delikty proti životu v Provincii XIII spišských miest v druhej polovici 16. storočia a v prvej polovici 17. storočia
Delicts against Human Life in Province of XIII Scepus Towns in the Second Half of the 16th Century and the First Half of the 17th Century
Autorzy:: Kurinovská, Michaela
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2054613.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016-12-31
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:: judiciary
Province of XIII scepus towns
early modern period
delicts
against human life
sądownictwo
Prowincja XIII miast spiskich
nowożytność
przestępstwa przeciwko życiu
Opis:: This paper deals with delicts against human life (more specifically, newborn child murder by mother, killing in self-defence and accidental killing, premeditated homicide and manslaughter) in Province of XIII scepus towns, which were recorded in the protocols of central administration of Province of XIII scepus towns together with others records related to the administration of the province. Time limits of the issue are years 1550 and 1650.
Źródło:: Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2016, 2(11); 179-196
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:: Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Prawnokarne ujęcie eutanazji w Austrii – uwagi do orzeczenia austriackiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 11.12.2020 r., G 139/2019
The conceptualisation of euthanasia in Austrian criminal law – comments to the ruling of the Austrian Constitutional Court of 11 December 2020, G 139/2019
Autorzy:: Borkowska, Katarzyna Karolina
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52376299.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2024
Wydawca:: Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości
Tematy:: eutanazja
zabójstwo eutanatyczne
przestępstwa przeciwko życiu
austriackie prawo karne
austriacki Trybunał Konstytucyjny
euthanasia
euthanasia as murder
crimes against life
Austrian criminal law
Austrian Constitutional Court
Opis:: Organizacje międzynarodowe konsekwentnie odmawiają zajęcia stanowiska w kwestiach, które są światopoglądowe, pozostawiając stanowienie regulacji w tym zakresie ustawodawstwom krajowym. Tym samym to po stronie państwa znajduje się przywilej – i zarazem odpowiedzialność – stworzenia unormowań prawnych w tym obszarze. Postęp w dziedzinie medycyny oraz stale rosnąca długość życia spowodowały, że problematyka takich zjawisk jak in vitro, aborcji czy eutanazji przybiera na znaczeniu. W dniu 11.12.2020 r. austriacki Trybunał Konstytucyjny wydał wyrok (G 139/2019), który można uznać za przełomowy w kwestii dopuszczalności eutanazji w Austrii. Orzeczenie to może być istotne także dla porządków prawnych innych państw. W związku z tym za przedmiot badań obrano wskazany wyżej wyrok austriackiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Cel badań stanowiła analiza przedmiotowego orzeczenia i jego skutek w prawie. Problem badawczy określono następująco: jakie zmiany w prawnokarnej reakcji na eutanazję w austriackim prawie karnym spowoduje wyrok austriackiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 11.12.2020 r., G 139/2019? W artykule opisano obowiązujące w Austrii przepisy penalizujące przestępstwa przeciwko życiu, przedstawiono tło historyczne pomocy w samobójstwie w prawie austriackim, dokonano analizy orzeczenia austriackiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego oraz wyciągnięto wnioski końcowe. Najważniejsze konkluzje wypływające z pracy są takie, że przepisy prawa karnego dotyczące przestępstw przeciwko życiu wymagają ciągłego kontrolowania ich adekwatności do aktualnych realiów oraz że ewentualne dopuszczenie eutanazji nieuchronnie wiąże się z kolejnymi zmianami prawa – ustawodawca musi doprecyzować prawne warunki jej przeprowadzenia i uregulować samą procedurę.
International organisations consistently refuse to take a stand on worldview issues, leaving relevant rulemaking to domestic legislatures. Therefore, it is the state’s privilege and responsibility at the same time to develop legal regulations in this field. Progress in medicine and steadily growing life expectancy have caused the issues of in vitro fertilisation, abortion and euthanasia to be of more import. On 11 December 2020, the Austrian Constitutional Court issued a judgment (in G 139/2019) which may be deemed groundbreaking for the admissibility of euthanasia in Austria. This ruling may also be significant for legal systems in other countries. Therefore, this paper takes as its subject-matter the aforementioned judgment of the Austrian Constitutional Court. The objective was to analyse it and its legal effects. The research question was formulated as follows: what changes will the judgment of the Austrian Constitutional Court of 11 December 2020 in G 139/2019 bring in Austria’s criminal legal reaction to euthanasia? The article describes the provisions applicable in Austria which penalise crimes against life, presents the historical background of assisted suicide in Austrian law, analyses the ruling of the Austrian Constitutional Court, and draws final conclusions. The most important conclusions arising from the research are that one must continuously review whether the provisions of criminal law concerning crimes against life are adequate to the current reality and that the potential admissibility of euthanasia inextricably involves further changes to the law – the lawmakers would have to specify its legal conditions and regulate the procedure itself.
Źródło:: Prawo w Działaniu; 2024, 57; 326-339
2084-1906
2657-4691
Pojawia się w:: Prawo w Działaniu
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Przestępczość w Polsce w latach 1954-1958 w świetle statystyki milicyjnej
Delinquency in Poland in the years 1954 to 1958 in the light of police statistics
Autorzy:: Jasiński, Jerzy
Syzduł, Edward
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699138.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1960
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: przestępczość
struktura przestępczości
statystyka
przestępstwa przeciwko mieniu
przestępstwa przeciwko życiu i zdrowiu
wypadki komunikacyjne
samobójstwa
prostytucja
delinquency
structure of delinquency
police statistics
offences against property
offences against life and health
road accidents
suicides
prostitution
delinquency in Poland
Opis:: From the years 1945-1946 down to the present moment Polish police statistics have undergone a number of transformations and improvements concerning the collection of data, their elaboration, as well as the scope of the information collected. Judging on the basis of data coming from the years 1956-1957, about 90 per cent of the criminal cases made over to the law-courts with an indictment went through the hands of the police. The majority of the remaining 10 per cent of cases were dealt with direct by the Public Prosecutor’s Office (cases for a great variety of serious offences) or else by certain administrative organs (cases of minor forest thefts, tax offences, minor frauds in commerce, and a few others). In this way, police statistics may be considered as a source which makes it possible to form a relatively full picture of the offences brought to light in Poland. Certain transformations have also been undergone by the problem of the statistical unit accepted by police statistics. While previously (down to 1956-1957) such a unit was a criminal case (which might comprise a larger number of them), at present such a unit, in principle, consist of one offence. By offences, in police statistics, are understood felonies or misdemeanors, i.e. acts dealt with by the 1932 Criminal Code, still in force, or by special penal statutes, and for which the penalty is over three months custody or a fine of over 4500 zlotys. The statistical material contained in the present contribution has not been published so far, apart from the basic information provided by the Statistical Year-Books for the years 1956, 1957, and 1958. The number of the population of Poland increased from about 27 000 000 to 29 000 000 during the 1954 to 1958 period, while the number of city and town dwellers increased from about 11 300 000 to 13 500 000, and that of village dwellers decreased from 15 700 000 to 15 500 000 in the same period. In the course of the above-mentioned period, therefore, the number of offences known to the police increased by 35 per cent, but the rate of delinquency, in connection with a certain increase in the total number of the population, increased only by 27 per cent. In the period preceding the Second World War, in the years 1927 to 1937, the number of offences brought to light every year was considerably larger (in 1934 as many as 658 thousand were registered, and in the years 1935 to 1937 nearly 600 thousand per annum); the rate of delinquency was expressed by the following coefficients: in 1934 - 2000, in 1935 - 1770, in 1936 - 1760, and in 1937 - 1710. The magnitude of delinquency in the years 1954 to 1958 differed considerably as between the territories of the several voivodeships. The highest rate of delinquency could be observed in the voivodeships of the Western Territories, with the exception of the voivodeship of Opole (in the several years of the period under investigation coefficients oscillated between 1450 and 2130), in the two largest cities: Warsaw (2470 b 2760) and Łódź (1590 to 1970), as well as in the most highly industrialized and urbanized region of the country' formed by the voivodeship of Katowice (1400 to 1680). Nearly one-third of all the offences known to the police were committed on the territory of a mere three voivodeships (those of Katowice, Wrocław, and the City of Warsaw), which contain rather over one-fifth of the country's population. The offences brought to tight by the police have been divided into four groups according to their kind: group I consists of offences against property, group II - of economic offences, group III – of offences against life and health, and group IV – of all the other offences. Offences against property, which comprise the accaparation of social property, thefts of individual property, robberies, frauds, forgeries, and damage to property, in 1954 and 1955 constituted about 70 per cent of all the offences brought to light (the number of such offences known to the police in these years was 214 470 and 238 911 respectively), in 1956 and 1957 about 65 per cent (241 543 and 261 621 offences respectively), and in 1958 about 60 per cent (251 788 offences). Their rate, in the years 1954 to 1958, was expressed by the figure of from 780 to 920 offences per 100 000 of the population. In the 1954 to 1958 period, approximately 91 000 to 124 000 offences of accaparating social property were brought to light annually, while their number kept continually increasing down to 1957; in 1958 about 117 000 of them were made known to the police. It is a generally known and emphasized fact that the size of the obscure figure is particularly big with offences against property. It is to be presumed that this obscure figure is most conspicuous in the case of offences against social property. Among the offences against social property between 11 000 and 15 000 were burglaries. Out of a total of 11 989 of such offenses brought to light in 1958, 24 per cent were committed in the country (so that there were 188 of them for each 100 000 village dwellers), and 76 per cent - in the cities and towns (there were 679 of them per 100 000 of the population). According to the size of the cities and towns, the coefficients which depict the number of burglaries per 100 000 of the population assumed the following proportions: towns of up to 50 thousand inhabitants - 622, from 50 to 100 thousand inhabitants - 651, 100 to 200 thousand inhabitants - 676, and over 200 thousand inhabitants - 810. During the 1954 to 1958 period an approximate annual figure of from 111 000 to 131 000 thefts of individual property was known to the police, but as from 1955 their number diminished from year to year reaching the figure of 112 883 in 1958. Of the latter offences, 31 per cent were committed in the country (coefficient: 230), and 69 per cent in the cities and towns (coefficient:580). In the case of theft of individual property there was also a dependence between the size of the towns and the rate of such offences: in towns with a population below 50 thousand it was expressed by a coefficient of 470, in towns of between 50 and 100 thousand inhabitants - 720, from 100 to 200 thousand inhabitants - 620, over 200 thousand inhabitants - 750. Thefts of individual property with burglary amounted to 11 577 in 1958 (and their number has kept decreasing from year to year, starting from 1955, when 18 455 of them were known to the police. 13 per cent of them have been committed in the country (coefficient 154), and 87 per cent in the cities and towns (coefficient 689). According to the size of the towns, going from the smallest to the largest, the coefficients showing the rate of such offences were expressed in the following figures in 1958: 397, 918, 929 and 1067. If we count together the accaparation of social property and thefts of individual property and treat them jointly as thefts, it would appear that in the years 1954 to 1958 from 200 000 to 245 000 such offences were made known to the police every year; their rate was expressed by the figure of from 750 to 860 per 100 000 of the population. In the years 1954 to 1957 from 3000 to 4000 forgeries were known to the police every year; their number has tremendously increased in 1958, reaching the very figure of 6300 (i.e. 217 per 100 000 of the population). The number of robberies brought to light by the police amounted to 2066 in 1954 (coefficient:76), 2503 in 1955 (coefficient: 91), 2905 in 1956 (coefficient: 103), 3185 in 1957 (coefficient: 112), and 2503 in 1958 (coefficient: 89). The decrease in the number of such offences recorded in 1958 is estimated as connected with a real decrease in their number. Of the total of robberies known to the police in 1958, 35 per cent were committed in the country (thus there were 46 of them per 100 000 of the population), and 65 in the cities and towns (138 per 100 000 of the urban population). According to the size of the towns (from the smallest to the largest) the coefficients depicting the rate of robberies committed there looked as follows: 85, 141, 194, 213. The number of cases of receiving stolen goods has considerably increased within the 1954 to 1958 period, from 816 in 1954 (coefficient: 32), to 1880 in 1958 (coefficient: 65). Group Two of offences, described by the name of economic offences, has been made to include cases of speculation, corruption and neglect of duty by civil servants resulting in damage to the State economy, further, Treasury offences, and currency offences. In the years 1954 to 1957 from 36 000 to 40 000 such offences were known to the police every year; in 1958 their number has considerably increased, probably in connection with a greater diligence in prosecuting them, and amounted to as many as 53 579 (coefficient: 190). Group Three - that of offences against life and health - comprises: murder and manslaughter, infanticides, inflicting grievous injury to the body, and brawls. The total number of such offences has very considerably increased in the years 1954 to 1958, namely from 18 583 in 1954 (coefficient: 70) to 28 910 in 1958 (coefficient: 100), i.e. by about 60 per cent. Their share among all the offences recorded by the police has increased from 13 per cent in 1954 to 21 per cent in 1958. In the years 1954 to 1958 from 700 to 900 murders and manslaughters were recorded annually; in 1958 803 of them were known to the police, of which 620 were carried out and 183 attempted. Consequently there were 28 such offences per 100 000 of the population that year. In 1937 3 314 murders and manslaughters were recorded, i.e. 96 per 100 000 of the population. The number of infanticides recorded by the police did not go beyond the figure of 90 per year (in 1958 there were 75 such cases). In 1937 802 infanticides were brought to light. The number of recorded cases of inflicting grievous injury to the body and of participation in a brawl (with using a dangerous tool or else if death or grievous injury to the body were the result) has very considerably increased in the years 1954 to 1958 from 5 508 in 1954 (coefficient: 204) to 10 005 in 1958 (coefficient: 346). In 1954 6146 cases of inflicting serious or very serious injury to the body were known to the police (coefficient: 227), in 1958 – 8 350 (coefficient: 289). In 1954 6123 cases of inflicting slight bodily harm were record ed (coefficient: 227), and in 1958 _ 9677 (coefficient: 335). Of the offences included in Group Four particularly noteworthy are the offences against morality. In 1958 969 cases of rape were recorded; 901 cases of immoral acts with juveniles under 15 years of age, and 290 cases of abetting to prostitution and deriving profits therefrom. In the Polish text, the present contribution is supplemented with an annex which provides the more important items of the information collected by the police concerning road accidents, suicides, and prostitution.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1960, I; 7-53
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Problem karalności przygotowania do zabójstwa
The Polish Law for the Criminalization of the Planning of Murder
Autorzy:: Gorczowska, Alicja
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2098389.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-07-30
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:: przygotowanie do zabójstwa
przyjęcie zlecenia zabójstwa
karalność przygotowania
przyczyny kryminalizacji
przestępstwa przeciwko życiu
dobro prawne
planning a murder
the undertaking of a contract killing
criminalization of planning murder
grounds for criminalization
criminal oﬀences against life
legal interest
Opis:: W artykule omówiono podstawowe problemy związane z zawartą w ustawie z 13 czerwca 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks karny oraz niektórych innych ustaw, propozycją wprowadzenia do polskiego porządku prawnego karalności przygotowania do zabójstwa (art. 148 §5 k.k.), a także przyjęcia zlecenia zabójstwa (art. 148a k.k.). W pierwszej kolejności wyjaśnione zostało samo pojęcie przygotowania. Następnie rozważono przyczyny, dla których do tej pory przygotowanie do zabójstwa nie jest karane, tj. niemożność wykazania zamiaru, a także zbyt odległe zagrożenie dla dobra prawnego. Zwrócono uwagę również na relację między karalnością przygotowania do zabójstwa a wprowadzeniem do kodeksu karnego nowego typu przestępstwa, jakim jest przyjęcie zlecenia zabójstwa. Przeanalizowano również zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne opinie doktryny dotyczące omawianej instytucji.
The article discusses key problems associated with the amendment of June 13, 2019 to the Polish Criminal Code and related legislation on the criminalization of plans for murder (Art. 148 §5) and the undertaking of a contract killing (Art. 148a). First the article explains what is meant by “plans for murder” under Polish law. Next it shows why the planning of murder is going unpunished, discussing why it is impossible under Polish law to prove intentionality, and argues that the threat to the legal interest involved is defined too vaguely. It also considers the relationship between the criminalization of making plans for a murder and the institution of regulations in the Polish Criminal Code of a new type of criminal oﬀence, the undertaking of a contract killing. The article reviews both the positive and negative opinions of the doctrine of this institution.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2020, 20, 2; 101-118
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Przesłanki orzekania izolacji postpenalnej rozważania na tle orzecznictwa sądów powszechnych i Sądu Najwyższego
Premises for post-penal isolation. Considerations based on the case law of common courts and the Supreme Court
Autorzy:: Jędras, Franciszek
Grabarczyk, Katarzyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/686003.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:: izolacja postpenalna
zasada dostatecznej określoności przepisów prawa
przymusowa internacja sprawców przestępstw
prawo konstytucyjne
przestępstwa przeciwko życiu
zdrowiu i wolności seksualnej innych osób
post-penal isolation
the principle of certainty in law
forced isolation of perpetrators
constitutional law
offences against life
health and sexual freedom of others
Opis:: The discussed Act introduced an institution of post-penal isolation into the Polish legal system. The scientific community widely criticised this regulation at the stage of the legislative process and assessed it as being hasty and ill-conceived. The statue was alleged to be only a response to the social demand arising out of fear of prison release of the extremely dangerous perpetrators who had been serving the sentence of 25 years’ imprisonment. Doubts of the doctrine were focused on the manner of defining the subjective scope of the Act. It was assessed as imprecise and arousing fundamental interpretative doubts which may result in its provisions being referred to the overly wide range of addresses. The analysis of the case-law of common courts and the Supreme Court indicates, however, that the regulation is applied with great caution and the courts use the procedural possibilities resulting from the non-contentious civil procedure to prevent unauthorized interference with human freedom and its status as a legal entity.
Przedmiotowa ustawa wprowadziła do polskiego porządku prawnego instytucję izolacji postpenalnej. Regulacja ta jeszcze na etapie prac legislacyjnych była szeroko krytykowana przez środowiska naukowe jako wprowadzona pospiesznie i w sposób nieprzemyślany. Zarzucano jej, że stanowiła jedynie odpowiedź na społeczne zapotrzebowanie, wynikające z obawy przed opuszczeniem zakładów karnych przez sprawców najcięższych przestępstw, którzy kończyli odbywanie kary 25 lat pozbawienia wolności. Wątpliwości doktryny koncentrowały się wokół sposobu określenia zakresu podmiotowego ustawy. Wskazywano, że jest on nieprecyzyjny i budzi zasadnicze wątpliwości interpretacyjne, co skutkować może odnoszeniem jej postanowień do zbyt szerokiego kręgu adresatów. Analiza orzecznictwa sądów powszechnych i Sądu Najwyższego wskazuje jednak, że regulacja stosowana jest z ostrożnością, a sądy wykorzystują istniejące możliwości procesowe, wynikające z trybu nieprocesowego postępowania cywilnego w celu zapobiegania nieuprawnionej ingerencji w wolność człowieka oraz jego status jako podmiotu prawa.
Źródło:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2019, 86; 33-50
0208-6069
2450-2782
Pojawia się w:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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