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Tytuł:
Zdolność do rozpoznawania emocji i odczuwania empatii u osób popełniających przestępstwa
Offenders’ ability to recognize emotions and to empathize
Autorzy:
Nowogrodzka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Stosowanych Nauk Społecznych i Resocjalizacji. Instytut Profilaktyki Społecznej i Resocjalizacji
Tematy:
przestępcy
rozpoznawanie emocji
empatia
Opis:
Nowogrodzka, Agnieszka (2014) Zdolność do rozpoznawania emocji i odczuwania empatii u osób popełniających przestępstwa. „Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja” 23: 7-17. Streszczenie: Sprawne emocjonalne funkcjonowanie jest łączone z właściwym działaniem w obrębie społeczeństwa, a brak umiejętności do doświadczania stanów wewnętrznych innych osób z tendencją do popełniania przestępstw. Przestępczość jest negatywnym społecznym czynnikiem, który znacznie obciąża społeczności wielu krajów. Z tego względu badacze próbują doszukać się różnic w umiejętności doświadczania emocji występujących wgrupie osób zdrowych i mających skłonność do wchodzenia wkonflikty z prawem. W artykule tym są zawarte rezultaty badań skupionych na tym temacie. Być może programy skupiające się na rozwijaniu zdolności do doświadczania emocji pozwolą na obniżenie wskaźników wskazujących na częstotliwość popełniania przestępstw.
Effective emotional functioning tends to be associated with proper social functioning, while the inability to empathize with others is linked to the propensity for crime. Criminality remains a negative social factor, taking a heavy toll on communities in many countries. Thus, researchers make attempts in order to find differences in the ability to experience emotions among healthy individuals and those who reveal the propensity for breaching the law. The paper presents the findings of research efforts devoted to this subject. Ii is assumed that programs aiming at developing the ability to empathize will help reduce delinquency-related rates.
Źródło:
Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja; 2014, 23; 7-17
2300-3952
Pojawia się w:
Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przegląd zagadnień związanych ze sprawcami przemocy seksualnej wobec dzieci
Issuse related to perpetratos of child sexual abuse – a review
Autorzy:
Marzec, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087855.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-27
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
przestępcy seksualni
etiologia pedofilii
Opis:
Przestępstwa seksualne wobec dzieci stanowią szczególny obszar zainteresowania społecznego, nadużycie dziecka jest przekroczeniem norm obyczajowych, prawnych oraz biologicznych. Akt przemocy seksualnej wobec dziecka wywołuje niezmiennie silne oburzenie społeczne. Sami sprawcy przestępstw stanowią grupę niehomogeniczną o różnych historiach życia, co wpływa na trudność używania miarodajnych narzędzi szacujących ryzyko ponownego popełnienia czynu. W poniższym artykule opisano diagnostykę pedofilii według wydania DSM-5 oraz przedstawiono najbardziej popularne modele wyjaśniające złożoną etiopatogenezę zaburzeń preferencji seksualnych pod postacią pedofilii.  Poddano także analizie stosowane i rekomendowane programy terapeutyczne oraz ich ograniczenia.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2021, 22; 347-357
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestępczość nieletnich jako zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa publicznego na przykładzie miasta stołecznego Warszawy
Autorzy:
Powałko, Olga.
Powiązania:
Obronność. Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania i Dowodzenia Akademii Sztuki Wojennej 2018, nr 3(27), s. 151-175
Data publikacji:
2018
Tematy:
Bezpieczeństwo publiczne
Przestępczość nieletnich i młodocianych
Nieletni przestępcy
Młodociani przestępcy
Artykuł z czasopisma naukowego
Opis:
Bibliografia, netografia na stronach 173-174.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dalsze losy 100 chłopców mających sprawy o kradzieże w wieku 10-11 lat
The Follow-Up Studies of 100 Boys Charged with Theft at the Age of 10-11
Autorzy:
Żabczyńska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699224.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieletni przestępcy
kradzież
chłopcy
juvenile delinquents
theft
boys
Opis:
1. This work presents the results of follow-up studies of the subsequent fate of 100 boys who had committed theft and as 10‒11-year-olds had in 1966 become the subject of research into problems involved in offences committed in childhood ‒ and what led up to them. At that time these boys were examined at the Prophylactic Centre of the State Grzegorzewska Institute of Special Education in Warsaw. All 10‒11-year-old boys charged at the Warsaw Juvenile Court were in turn brought within the scope of the survey. During research conducted in 1966 it was found that the majority (59%) of the 10‒11-year old boys examined were not first offenders and that 11% had even appeared previously in the juvenile court for theft. As many as half of the 10‒11-year-olds were retarded as school pupils. Examination as to knowledge acquired in school revealed that their ability to write was much below the average for their age; as many as 36% were poor or very poor readers. The teachers designated 80% of the boys examined as difficult pupils; approximately half of them ‒ as distinctly over-excitable and aggressive. Not less than 75% played truant, 29% stole in school. 28% of  the boys investigated ran away from home. Having regard to the boys’ age, of significance is the relatively high percentage of them (24%) who were found to drink from time to time wine and even vodka. An intelligence test (WISC) revealed in the majority of cases (61%) a normal level of intelligence (with IQs above 90). 31% of them had IQs of 70-90, and in 8% the IQs below 70. The quite substantial percentage of dullness found in the children may be related to their school retardation, particularly in view of the significant dependence found between the lowered IQ and marked shortcomings in reading and writing. Of course, a lowered intellectual level may also have been caused, as environmental interviews showed, by considerable neglect of such children, a phenomenon with which we shall deal later. Psychiatric examination revealed neurotic disorders of personality in 47% ot the children examined. As many as 35% of them were brought up in broken families (semiorphans or divorced parents). 64% of the fathers were heavy drinkers and in addition 20% of the mothers of the same children indulged too freely in alcohol. In 62% of the families the relationship between the parents was unsatisfactory; 52% of the fathers were described by the mothers as “quicktempered and nervous”. In almost one-third of the families at least one member had committed offences and had been already convicted by acourt. It was found that 39% of the families had inadequate financial situation, unable to satisfy the child’s basic needs. In 23% of the families the children suffered from extreme neglect, and even the remaining families failed to give their children adequate care. Frequently, the children investigated (61%) were subjected to severe corporal punishment. It emerged that various negative factors, typical of the family atmosphere of the children examined, were more frequent in the case of those boys who had already stolen prior to their court appearance at the age of 10‒11. These factors included: being reared in broken families, excessive drinking by fathers, unsatisfactory relationship between parents, fathers irascible and nervous, court convictions against family members, extreme neglect of the children, subjection to severe corporal punishment. Those of the children examined who had already previously stolen also revealed more frequently than the others other disturbances in the process of socialization – they ran away from home and drank alcohol. In 1972, five years after the research outlined above, follow-up investigations were made with a view to establishing the subsequent progres of the 100 10–11-year-old boys studied, how they got on in school, whether they committed offences, and what was the atmosphere in their homes. After the next five years it was possible to divide the boys investigated into three groups: I – those not convicted during the period – only 30%; II – those who during the period had one or two court appearances (37%); and III – those who went most seriously astray, being convicted at least three times – as many as 33% of the total. (Boys charged on a further 6 occasions accounted for 12% of the total.) Juvenile thieves charged at the age of 10-11 reveal distinct tendencies to rapid recidivism. Although 29 of the boys were committed to educational institutions or approved schools, their school career showed further shortcomings. There was a marked increase in the percentage of retarded boys, one-third were at least two years behind, 40% did not complete primary school, although all of them should have done so (even allowing for a slight time lag). The process of demoralization is linked with intensified shortcornings as pupils – the most intensive shortcomings were observed in group III: those with the most convictions. At the end of the five years, crimes committed by the boys’ families were also found to have increased; the percentage of families in which fathers or brothers have been convicted was up to 44. Notable in the families of 50 boys was the developing incidence of crimes committed by brothers; in as many as 60% of these families brothers had been convicted, The type of crimes committed and the type of recidivism found among members of the family indicated that about one-third of the families belong to criminal environment. The boys from group III – those with the most convictions during the follow-up period – came much more often from such families and circles than those belonging to the remaining groups. The problem of youngsters charged in court at a very early age – 10-11 years old – is above all a problem of education and care. The fact that they were reared in unsatisfactory family environments favoured recidivism in these children during the five years of follow-up period, and an especially marked concentration of negative factors (excessive drinking on the part of the parents, offences committed by the father, absolute neglect of the children) was found in the families of the most severely demoralized lads of group III. Some symptoms of social maladjustment found already at the age of 10-11 were a significant prediction of further recidivism. Boys, who had already committed thefts prior to their arraignment at 10-11 years old were during the follow-up period much more frequently found among recidivists – notably among those of group III. These recidivists differed significantly from the remaining groups in having started to steal when very young. The repeated drinking of alcohol, already at the age of 10-11, was also significant for the prediction of further criminal conduct. Moreover, the recidivists, were more frequently found among those who at the age of 10-11 had run away from home. And among juvenile recidivists of group III, clearly indicated was a greater frequency than with the remainder of running away from home, even at so early age. It is of interest that the three groups of boys (I: without further convictions, II: with one or two court appearances and III: at least three times convicted) did not differ significantly in respect to the value of property stolen at the age of 10-11. But it emerged that recidivism was more frequent among boys investigated who at the age of 10-11 had been backward at school and among those in whom tests indicated an IQ below 90. Thus the problem of school teaching, the great gaps in knowledge and objective difficulties in learning are fundamental problems in early delinquency. This suggests the need for early identification of children experiencing various types of difficulties in school. Since the majority of the homes investigated were unable to guarantee the children conditions for normal development even during the pre-school period, and since the process of demoralization of the children examined had started very early, the present survey spot-lighted a category of families in which the appropriate child-care authorities simply must intervene at a very early stage. Such official intervention should be combined with detailed medical and psychiatric examinations of the children already during the pre-school period. The early spot-lighting of such homes is of fundamental significance in the prophylaxis of social maladjustment of youngsters
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1974, VI; 128-139
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wkład Aleksandra Mogilnickiego (1875–1956) w narodziny pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej
The input of Aleksander Mogilnicki (1875–1956) into the birth of resocialization pedagogy
Autorzy:
Kamińska, Janina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych. Instytut Pedagogiki. Zakład Historii Edukacji
Tematy:
Aleksander Mogilnicki
nieletni przestępcy
resocjalizacja
underaged delinquents
resocialization
Opis:
Wprowadzenie. Istotnym zagadnieniem pedagogiki na przełomie XIX i XX wieku był problem opieki nad dzieckiem zaniedbanym, w tym także przestępczym. W dyskusji na temat skutecznej resocjalizacji tych dzieci wypowiadali się przedstawiciele różnych dziedzin: psychologowie, lekarze, socjologowie, prawnicy. Jednym z prawników był Aleksander Mogilnicki (1875–1956), który podczas licznych wystąpień przedstawiał możliwości opieki nad nieletnimi przestępcami. Był on współtwórcą międzynarodowej organizacji służącej ochronie dzieci (Association international pour la protection de l’enfance). Cel. Niniejszy tekst ukazuje stanowisko A. Mogilnickiego na temat opieki nad dzieckiem. Materiały i metody. Głównymi źródłami są prace A. Mogilnickiego: Dziecko i przestępstwo (1916) i Dziecko wobec prawa (1921), w których autor przedstawił ówczesny stan prawny i możliwości resocjalizacyjne. Wyniki. Ten wybitny prawnik należy do prekursorów pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej. Wskazał na rolę rodziny w wychowaniu, a także na rozwiązania prawne i zadania pedagogów wobec dzieci przestępczych.
Introduction. Pedagogy at the turn of the 19th century was preoccupied with the problem of how to care for neglected, and even delinquent, children. Many groups, including psychologists, doctors, sociologists, and lawyers, have voiced their opinions about how these children should be resocialised. One of the lawyers dealing with the topic was Aleksander Mogilnicki (1875-1956), who gave numerous presentations about possible care strategies for young delinquents. He also co-founded the International Organization for the Protection of Children (Association international pour la protection de l’enfance). Aim. This publication shows Mogilnicki’s approach to childcare. Materials and methods. The main texts analysed are his works: Dziecko i przestępstwo [Child and Crime] (1916), and Dziecko wobec prawa [Child and the Law] (1921), in which he showcased the contemporary legal situation and resocialization possibilities. Results. Aleksander Mogilnicki is one of the pioneers of rehabilitation pedagogy. He pointed out the role of the family in upbringing, as well as legal solutions and the tasks of educators with regard to criminal children.
Źródło:
Wychowanie w Rodzinie; 2022, XXVI, (1/2022); 259-267
2082-9019
Pojawia się w:
Wychowanie w Rodzinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozmiary recydywy u nieletnich podsądnych sprawców kradzieży
Extent of Recidivism among Juvenile Delinquents and Their Later Careers
Autorzy:
Strzembosz, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699242.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
recydywa
nieletni przestępcy
kradzież
recidivism
juvenile delinquents
theft
Opis:
  The subject of this work are the findings of studies of the follow-up period intended to establish the further fate of 343 juvenile delinquents aged 10-16, who had been guilty of theft while still under 17. In 1961 detailed, criminological research was initiated in the Juvenile Court of Praga – one of the districts of Warsaw – (records were studied, interviews undertaken in the environs, homes and schools were conducted), which embraced all the 180 juvenile delinquents between 10-16 years, living in that district, who during the course of one year had been found guilty of theft. Further a study was made of the criminal records of 178 juvenile thieves from two other districts of Warsaw, all the juvenile delinquents who had been tried for theft by courts during the period from August 1961 to May 1962 being investigated in turn. In this way was obtained a total of 358 juvenile delinquents who had been found guilty of thefts. The idea was to find out how many of them were recidivists in the follow-up period. 33% of these juvenile delinquents were under 13 and 67% were between 13 and 16 years. The division into these two groups was justified because of the different approach of the Polish penal code to minors up to the age of 13: as regards such juvenile delinquents, the court may apply educational measures only: reprimand, supervision by parents, probation and placing in an educational institution. As regards delinquents between 14 and 16, the court may also apply correctional measures – i.e. approved schools. In the present work, the author accepts as basic criterion for defining the recidivist the fact that he has faced in a Juvenile Court a new charge of theft. The category of those not considered as recidivists includes only delinquents charged once with theft. Each juvenile delinquent who has been charged (usually by the police) a second or third time with theft already figures as a recidivist with 2, 3, 4 and more appearances in court. Moreover, it was possible during the investigations, combined with detailed interviews in the homes of the delinquents, additionally to qualify as recidivists such juvenile delinquents shown to have stolen though not brought before a court. Taking into account the variety of criteria applied to recidivists, they have been divided into the following categories: (a) first of all, formal criteria were applied: considered as recidivists were those concerning whom the court had previously applied educational and correctional measures. Here, the percentage of recidivists amounted to 37.7; (b) this percentage increased to 48.6 when considered as recidivists were all those who had been charged at least twice with theft, including those concerning whom the court had not considered it relevant to apply any new measures; (c) this percentage was still higher (61.2), when listed as recidivists were all those whom the court had found guilty of at least two thefts; (d) interviews in the environment conducted as regards 180 juvenile delinquents in a single district revealed in addition that these data too were not entirely reliable in defining recidivists. Data from interviews showed that the percentage of delinquents who had committed more than one theft amounted to as much as 78.5. It was also found that, when applying the first, formal criterion recidivists among the older delinquents (46%) were far greater in numbers than among the younger (20%). The second criterion – at least two thefts – showed that the difference between older and younger delinquents as regards the percentage of recidivism among them (82.2% 73.2%) was only slight. These data indicate that the formal criterion for recidivism, used by Juvenile Courts, does not reflect the actual extent of this phenomenon. This is the more important since, the latter, broader definition, was found to be the most satisfactory for prognostic purposes. It was established that during the two-year follow-up period a substantially larger number of juvenile delinquents previously listed, according to the first formal definition, as not being recidivists (47%), faced charges than was the case with those listed according to the second definition (17.6%). Criminological investigations – combined with interviews conducted in their families – of 180 juvenile delinquents from a single district, revealed that juvenile delinquents charged with theft are as a rule socially maladjusted children, showing the first symptoms of social maladjustment even in the first grades of primary school. With 62% symptoms of demoralization were recorded with children between 7 and 10 years of age. A typical phenomenon with these juveniles is a considerable lag in their school studies, found as regards 95% of older and 76% of younger juveniles. A lag of at least two years was found with 77% of the older and 37% of the younger individuals investigated. The majority of these systematically played truant; 37% of the younger and 70% of the older juveniles had run away from home. Only as regards 33% was it not found that they consumed alcohol; 26% drank at least once a week; 25% of the recidivists were heavy drinkers. On the basis of data obtained from mothers during interviews (and for 50% of the cases also from child guidance clinics, institutions etc.) it was possible with 60% of the older investigated delinquents to establish various types of personality disorders; 26% were suspected of having suffered organic disturbances of the central nervous system; data indicating such diseases in the past were more frequently found with recidivists (37%) than with those who were not recidivists (13%). Those investigated were for the most part brought up in an unsatisfactory family environment. It was found that in 46% of the families fathers or step-fathers systematically drank alcohol to excess; delinquency of fathers was noted in 31% of the families, and in 9% the mothers were suspected of prostitution. As many as 67% of the brothers revealed symptoms of demoralization and 47% had committed theft. Recidivists differed markedly from non-recidivists as regards such negative features, characterizing the family environment as: systematic abuse of alcohol, unhappy married life of the parents, children very poorly cared for. Of all the 358 thieves investigated, a mere one-third were as juveniles (under 17) charged only once: thus they were not recidivists according to the criteria accepted in the investigation; 21% had twice faced a court; 11% – three and 34% – four or more times had been charged before a Juvenile Court. The differentiated groups of the youngest and oldest among those we investigated did not differ markedly as regards the number of appearances in court while under age. Consideration was next given to further delinquency during the period when the investigated were young adults i.e., when they were between 17 and 20. New offences were noted during that period with 50% of the former defendants who, previously had been juveniles. It also emerged that the number of charges preferred while they were under age was of essential significance for recidivism during the period when those investigated were already young adults. Among those who had been charged only once as juveniles, only 27% were afterwards convicted between the age of 17 and 20; among those charged twice – 48%; beginning with 3 charges, the percentage of later recidivists amounted to 65.8, and with 4 and more charges – to as much as 78.7%. The number of convictions while juveniles indicates a correlation not only with the actual fact of recidivism when those concerned were still young adults, but also the intensification of recidivism between 17 and 20. The majority of those who while juveniles had only one case against them, were subsequently convicted only once. But of those who while juveniles were charged at least three times, the majority (64%) had multiple convictions between 17 and 20. Typical of offences committed by those who had been charged with theft as juveniles, continued to be theft; close on half of those investigated, however – and this should be emphasized – were convicted for offences against the person, officials or the authorities, and these as a rule were offences committed while intoxicated. One-third of the subjects spent in prison at least half of the four-year period, while they were young adults. In 1972, when the last follow-up period was studied, ten years had elapsed since the beginning of the investigation of the delinquents who had committed theft while juveniles. The younger among them were at that time 20 to 23 years old; the older – 24 to 27 (the average age being about 26 years). As regards these 243 older investigated individuals, it was possible to examine not only the period when they were young adults, but also the later period, after they were already 21 years old; this later period was in their case sufficiently to make it possible properly to evaluate whether during that time they had ceased committing offences or whether they continued to do so. Further delinquency of the older among those investigated during the period after 17 until their average age was about 26, was as follows: – It emerged that only 38% had not been convicted at all after the age of 17. The overwhelming majority of them (83%) had been charged only once or twice while under age. – 17% had been convicted only between 17 and 20, while 13% had been convicted only after 21. – 32% were convicted as young adults as weil as later after the age of 21. In this group, the majority (73%) had been charged before a court at least three times as juveniles. As regards the older among those investigated for the entire follow-up period, it was confirmed that the majority showed a correlation with what happened during their juvenility: further delinquency as well as persistent recidivism was found more frequently with those who were more frequently charged as juveniles. During the entire follow-up period, 19% of the older individuals were convicted only once, l3% – twice, and 30% – at least three times. The category with multiple convictions, recidivists convicted at least four times amounted to 20%, which certainly is a substantial figure, having regard to the relatively long prison sentences passed on those convicted two and three times. It should be added that though interviews in the environment during the follow-up period were lacking, making impossible a proper evaluation of the social adjustment of those investigated who during that period had no new convictions or were convicted only once, the data obtained enable the drawing of conclusions which are important for social policy. Note that even frorn among the investigated juveniles who were charged only once before a court, as many as 42% were later convicted after 17; this points to the necessity of a thorough examination of even apparently minor cases of theft involving those under age who previously had not been convicted. The extent of persistent recidivism revealed demonstrates the poor effectiveness of methods used as far in dealing with juvenile delinquents who revealed symptoms of marked social maladjustment.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1974, VI; 140-155
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Learning to Change: Restorative Responses to Wrongdoing
Autorzy:
Wright, Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
czyn karalny
przestępcy
sprawiedliwość naprawcza
wrongdoing
offenders
restorative justice
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 895-904
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Employment as a Part of Rehabilitation: A Review of Similarities and Differences between Female and Male Criminals
Zatrudnienie jako element resocjalizacji. Przegląd podobieństw i różnic między przestępcami płci męskiej i żeńskiej
Autorzy:
Felczak, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31344087.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
employment
recidivism
female offenders
male offenders
social exclusion
social reintegration
zatrudnienie
recydywa
przestępcy płci żeńskiej
przestępcy płci męskiej
wykluczenie społeczne
reintegracja społeczna
Opis:
In this review article, the latest knowledge in the area of the importance of employment in the process of rehabilitation is presented. The goal is a literature review and an analysis of the similarities and differences between female and male criminals in the context of employment during the prison sentence and the chances of finding employment after release. Also, the relationships between employment and later recidivism are analyzed. To present the relationship between employment and recidivism holistically, the following points were referred to: the role of work in rehabilitation and adaptation to freedom; differences between males and females in employment experiences and peculiarities in social background affecting their labour force attachment; the employment of prisoners before, during and after punishment; opportunities and barriers in finding a job by former prisoners; bidirectional relationship – employment as a way to reintegrate ex-offender with the society and as a way to prevent recidivism. Different phases of rehabilitation (being in prison, leaving prison) were distinguished and labour force attachment prior to imprisonment spell were also discussed. Also, the article consists of a discussion section where conclusions and recommendations are presented. The indications for further research were also listed, one of which is to examine the real benefit of the work of convicts – whether it provides the possibility of subsistence. In the article, study results from various countries, and consequently, various judicial systems, are referred to.
W artykule poglądowym zaprezentowano najnowszą wiedzę z zakresu znaczenia zatrudnienia w procesie resocjalizacji. Celem jest przegląd literatury oraz analiza podobieństw i różnic między skazanymi kobietami i mężczyznami w zakresie zatrudnienia w czasie pozbawienia wolności, a także szans na znalezienie zatrudnienia po zwolnieniu. Analizowane są też związki pomiędzy zatrudnieniem a późniejszą recydywą. Aby w sposób całościowy przedstawić związek zatrudnienia i recydywy, odniesiono się do następujących punktów: rola pracy w resocjalizacji i adaptacji do wolności; różnice między mężczyznami i kobietami w zakresie doświadczeń zawodowych oraz specyfiki pochodzenia społecznego wpływającego na ich przywiązanie do rynku pracy; zatrudnianie więźniów przed, w trakcie i po karze; możliwości i bariery w znalezieniu pracy przez byłych więźniów; relacja dwukierunkowa – zatrudnienie jako sposób na reintegrację byłego skazanego ze społeczeństwem oraz jako sposób zapobiegania recydywie. Wyodrębniono różne fazy resocjalizacji (przebywanie w zakładzie karnym, opuszczenie zakładu karnego) oraz omówiono związek z rynkiem pracy przed odbyciem kary pozbawienia wolności. Artykuł zawiera także dyskusję, w której przedstawiono wnioski i rekomendacje. Ponadto sformułowano wskazania do dalszych badań, a jednym z nich jest zbadanie realnych korzyści, jakie płyną z pracy skazanych – czy zapewnia ona możliwość utrzymania się. W artykule odniesiono się do wyników badań z różnych krajów, a co za tym idzie z różnych systemów sądownictwa.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2023, 32, 5; 77-104
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gestapo po roku 1945 : kariery, konflikty, konteksty
Gestapo nach 1945 : Karrieren, Konflikte, Konstruktionen, 2009
Współwytwórcy:
Mallmann, Klaus-Michael (1948- ). Redakcja
Angrick, Andrej (1962- ). Redakcja
Ewertowska-Klaja, Iwona. Tłumaczenie
Wydawnictwo Replika. Wydawca
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Zakrzewo : Wydawnictwo Replika
Tematy:
Gestapo
Policja
Polityka
Przestępcy wojenni
Przestępstwo wojenne
Praca zbiorowa
Opis:
Tytuł oryginału: Die Gestapo nach 1945 : Karrieren, Konflikte, Konstruktionen. Na stronie tytułowej: Pamięci Wolfganga Schefflera.
Indeksy.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Młodociani w świetle prawa i badań kryminologicznych
The young adult offenders in the light of law and criminological studies
Autorzy:
Wiktorska, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
młodociani przestępcy
polityka kryminalna
polityka penitencjarna
young adult offenders
criminal law
Opis:
The article discusses the problem of young adult offenders in the light of provisions of current Polish criminal law and of criminological studies on this category of convicts over the years. Polish criminal code of 1997 in the article 115 paragraph 10 defines a young adult offender as a person 21 years old who commits a crime or a person under 24 years who is tried in a court of first instance. Two basic issues are involved in the notion of a young adult offender. First the age limits of the subject, second the character of penal measures to be used towards this particular category of offenders. Both issues are discussed at length in the article, particularly with respect to the fact that criminal law makes use of scientific findings from sociology, psychology and medicine to create normative regulations concerning conditions of liability of young adult offenders for their unlawful acts. As an example, one may discuss particular normative directives of the sentence provided for a young adult offenders as the court is obliged to, most of all, educate and resocialise. Educational and resocialisation aspect of the punishment does not mean that young adult offender are treated leniently, sometimes it may indicate a longer time of resocialisation and, at the same time, a longer imprisonment sentence to execute this objective . While sentencing a young adult offender, the court should decide in such a manner so that the liability of the accused is directed more into educational model than repressive one, yet this does not denote resignation from administering the penalty of unconditional imprisonment. Still, it needs to be admitted that in the Polish legal system there are few concrete provisions of law which define in detail how a young offenders should be treated which, according to the author, is somehow concerning. There are significant differences in criminal execution law. First, as a rule, young adult offenders should be imprisoned separately from adult ones. This is understandable because of susceptibility of young people to influence and pressure from adults. Moreover, young adult offenders are subject to system of programmed educational and resocialisation measures during imprisonment, which on one hand seems right, on the other evokes a series of questions and reservations. Discussion of normative situation of young adult offender are illustrated with selected criminological studies carried out so far concerning this category of offenders. Reported results of research show that young adult offenders have typical features characteristic for the whole group. Information on dysfunctional families and alcohol problems are always present. It is accompanied by low education level of their parents and their unemployment. Problems in the behavior of such offenders appear already in kindergarten age and increase during school education while the education process itself leaves a lot to be desired.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2012, XXXIV; 135-155
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Polish adaptation of Self-Stigma of Individuals with Criminal Records – SSICR
Polska adaptacja kwestionariusza SSICR do pomiaru poczucia stygmatyzacji osadzonych
Autorzy:
Friedrich, Wiola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1627366.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-24
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
stygmatyzacja
osadzeni
kwestionariusz
przestępcy
adaptacja
self-stigma
prisoners
questionnaire
criminals
adaptation
Opis:
Niniejsze badania prezentują polską wersję kwestionariusza Poczucia Stygmatyzacji (Self-stigma of Individuals with Criminal Records – SSICR) do pomiaru poczucia stygmatyzacji osadzonych. Procedura adaptacyjna została przeprowadzona zgodnie ze standardami sprawdzania równoważności testów na grupie 186 osób w wieku od 19 do 84 lat (M = 36,4; SD = 11,7). Rzetelność oszacowano na podstawie wskaźników α Cronbacha, trafność czynnikowa została zweryfikowana na podstawie konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej. Zbadano również trafność narzędzia. Otrzymane wyniki pozwalają twierdzić, że SSICR jest narzędziem o akceptowalnych właściwościach psychometrycznych.
This study presents the Polish version of the Self-Stigma of Individuals with Criminal Records (SSICR) and examines a theoretical model of self-stigma in which perceived stigma leads to stereotype agreement, internalized stigma, and then to anticipated stigma. The adaptation procedure was carried out in accordance with the standards for checking the equivalence of tests on a group of 186 criminal offenders aged 19 to 84 (M=36.4, SD=11.7). Reliability was estimated on the basis of Cronbach’s α indices, factor validity was verified on the basis of confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the tool was also tested. The obtained results allow to state that the SSICR is a tool with acceptable psychometric properties.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2021, 21; 351-367
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Do children have the capacity to commit a crime? The question of minimum age of criminal responsibility
Czy dzieci są zdolne do ponoszenia odpowiedzialności karnej? Kwestia minimalnego wieku odpowiedzialności karnej
Autorzy:
Balogh, Ágnes
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/475295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego
Tematy:
MACR
minimum age of criminal responsibility
criminal code
moral development
juvenile offenders
child offenders
minimalny wiek odpowiedzialności karnej
kodeks karny
rozwój moralny
młodociani przestępcy
nieletni przestępcy
Opis:
The article investigates the question of minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). A child under the age of criminal responsibility lacks the capacity to commit a crime. This means they are immune from criminal prosecution – they cannot be formally charged by authorities with an offence nor be subjected to any criminal law procedures or measures. Numerous international treaties and agreements set standards concerning the ways in which children in conflict with the law should be dealt with. A wide range of minimum ages of criminal responsibility worldwide, ranging from a very low level of age 7 or 8 to the commendable high level of age 14 or 16. On 1st July 2013 a new criminal code, the Act of 2012 entered into force in Hungary, which lowered the MACR from the age of 14 to 12. According to the Official Comments the main reason for lowering is the fact that nowadays the biological development of children speeded up, they reach maturity earlier than ever. Another argument is that children are exposed to more social influences because of the information technology revolution. The Comments states that among children between 12 and 14 years of age violence is used as a tool to enforce their interests. The article takes a critical look at these arguments by examining criminal statistics and insights of psychological research.
Opracowanie podejmuje kwestię dolnej granicy wieku odpowiedzialności za dopuszczenie się czynu zabronionego przez nieletnich (MACR). Młodsze dziecko nie odpowiada karnie, co oznacza, że dzieci są nietykalne w materii postępowania karnego – nie mogą być formalnie oskarżone przez władze za wykroczenie ani też nie mogą podlegać żadnym postępowaniom, ani środkom karnym. Liczne międzynarodowe traktaty i porozumienia ustalają standardy dotyczące sposobów postępowania z dziećmi będącymi w konflikcie z prawem. Na cały świecie różnie kształtuje się dolna granica wieku nieletnich, gdy chodzi o dopuszczalność ich odpowiedzialności karnej: poczynając od bardzo niskiego wieku 7 lub 8 lat po wysoki 14 czy 16 lat. Na Węgrzech 1 lipca 2013 r. wszedł w życie nowy kodeks karny, zgodnie z którym został obniżony wiek odpowiedzialności karnej MACR z 14 do 12 lat. Według uzasadnienia ustawy głównym powodem obniżenia wieku stał się fakt, że rozwój biologiczny dzieci jest obecnie przyspieszony: osiągają one dojrzałość wcześniej niż kiedyś. Po drugie, dzieci są narażone na większe wpływy społeczne, związane z rozwojem technologii informacyjnej. Uzasadnienie stwierdza, że wśród dzieci w wieku pomiędzy 12 i 14 lat przemoc staje się narzędziem egzekwowania interesów. Artykuł krytycznie analizuje oba argumenty w perspektywie statystyki przestępstw oraz wiedzy psychologicznej.
Źródło:
Family Forum; 2014, 4; 259-273
2084-1698
Pojawia się w:
Family Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnoza penitencjarna sprawców przestępstw
Penitentiary Diagnosis of Crime Offenders
Autorzy:
Friedrich, Wiola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371593.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-28
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
przestępcy
diagnoza psychologiczna
penitencjarystyka
izolacja więzienna
offenders
psychological diagnosis
penitentiary system
isolation
Opis:
Jednym z podstawowych standardów wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności jest jej indywidualizacja, czyli zróżnicowanie oddziaływań, polegające na dostosowaniu ich do osobowości skazanego oraz celów wykonania kary. Prawidłowo przeprowadzona diagnoza psychologiczna, a szczególnie diagnoza penitencjarna powinna dobrze opisywać badane zjawisko. Diagnoza penitencjarna powinna obejmować opis obrazu klinicznego osoby pozbawionej wolności oraz podstawowe wskazania resocjalizacyjne. Opracowanie powstało na podstawie literatury przedmiotu, aktów prawnych i dostępnych wyników badań. Celem tego opracowania jest ukazanie diagnozy wykonywanej na potrzeby wymiaru sprawiedliwości, która ma charakter ciągły i powinna być przeprowadzana na każdym etapie odbywania kary. Efektem prawidłowo sporządzonego orzeczenia psychologiczno-penitencjarnego powinno być umieszczenie osadzonego w odpowiednim typie, rodzaju zakładu karnego oraz właściwym systemie odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności, a następnie prawidłowe dobranie środków wychowawczych, które mogą implikować skuteczność kary pozbawienia wolności.
One of the basic standards of detention is its individualization which impacts the diversity of adapting offenders according to the personality and penalty purposes. Well done psychological and penitentiary diagnosis should describe the phenomenon properly. The content of the penitentiary diagnosis should include a description of offender and also rehabilitation indications. The article is based on the literature, legislation, available studies. The aim of this study is to characterize the penitentiary diagnosis, which should exist in each step of rehabiltiation. The effect of the properly psychological penitentiary diagnosis will be helpful due to offender classification to proper kind, type of prison and proper system of imprisonment. Well classified offender should achive a better effectiveness of imprisonment.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2015, 9; 43-54
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Profilowanie kryminalne
Autorzy:
Nowak, Zbigniew.
Powiązania:
Przegląd Sił Zbrojnych 2021, nr 4, s. 174-185
Data publikacji:
2021
Tematy:
Profilowanie kryminalne
Przestępcy
Identyfikacja osób
Psychologia kryminalistyczna
Artykuł z czasopisma wojskowego
Opis:
Artykuł ukazuje istotę profilowania kryminalnego jako metody wspomagającej proces śledztwa w dotarciu do sprawców przestępstw. Przedstawiono, na czym polega praca profilera oraz historię profilowania kryminalnego, a także omówiono, jak przebiega proces tworzenia profilu kryminalnego. Wskazano znaczenie motywacji przy tworzeniu portretu psychologicznego sprawcy przestępstwa.
Fotografie.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nie tylko bohaterowie - „czarne dusze” powstania styczniowego
Autorzy:
Górny, Michał.
Powiązania:
Mówią Wieki 2022, nr 1, s. 24-27
Data publikacji:
2022
Tematy:
Powstanie styczniowe (1863-1864)
Powstańcy styczniowi
Przestępcy
Artykuł z czasopisma historycznego
Opis:
Artykuł ukazujacy-wśród powstańców ludzi bezideowych, często oszustów wykorzystujących powierzone funkcje do wzbogacenia siebie lub swego otoczenia. Byli wśród nich nałogowi alkoholicy, rozpijający młodych oficerow i żołnierzy jak kapitan Sokołowski ps. „Iskra”. Rabuś i oszust Tomasz Stamirowski, który rekwizycjami i kontrybucjami nabijał sobie kieszenie, podrobił pieczęcie Rzadu Narodowego i nie walczył, ale kradł i handlował. Swoją negatywną kartę zapisał jako dyktator powstania Ludwik Mierosławski, skłócajacy powstańców, zachowujący się pogardliwie i obraźliwie wobec walczących żołnierzy i oficerów powstania.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dalsze losy nieletnich i młodocianych sprawców przestępstw
The Follow-Up Studies of Juvenile Delinquents and Young Adult Prisoners
Autorzy:
Batawia, Stanisław
Żabczyńska, Ewa
Strzembosz, Adam
Szymanowski, Teodor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962206.pdf
Data publikacji:
1974
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
badania kryminologiczne
badania socjologiczne
nieletni przestępcy
recydywa
criminological research
sociological research
juvenile delinquents
recidivism
Opis:
Three follow-up studies were published, dealing with juvenile delinquents and young adult offenders, based on a random sample and material on: ‒ 100 boys charged with larcency, who during the period of the investigation in 1966 were barely 10-11 years old. This research concentrated in turn on all the 10-11 year-old boys charged with larcency and brought before a Juvenile Court in Warsaw; the follow-up period embraced 5 years; ‒ 358 former juveniles (10-16 years old) charged with theft in three districts of Warsaw and brought before a Juvenile Court in 1961-1962, whose further fate was investigated during the period when they were 17-20 years old and from among the same 243 former juveniles 13-16 years old, who in 1972 were already 24-27 years old; ‒ 17-20 year-old young adults released from 40 prisons throughout the country, after having served their sentences for various offences and whose subsequent recidivism was established during the course of 10 years from their release from prison in 1961. Two works, discussing the further recidivism of the juvenile delinquents, convicted for larcency obviously differ markedly regarding the age and follow-up period. The first work deals with the investigated up to the age of 15-16 only, the second also embraces the time when the former juveniles are already approximately 26 years old. However, both works unanimously emphasize the fundamental significance of early initiation of social maladjustment and demoralization for the prognosing of the rapidity and extent of recidivism. They stress the necessity to make use in practice as the only criterion for recidivism of juveniles, each new charge brought before a court and the number of times theft has been committed, being the subject of a given trial. Simultaneously these works reveal unanimously, that the majority of the juvenile delinquents charged with larcency, are brought up in families, which are unable to guarantee them the proper conditions for normal development and that in these families also many brothers of the juvenile delinquents charged with larcency revealed symptoms of social maladjustment and committed offences. The results of the studies under discussion also are unanimous as to the fact that with the majority of the juveniles could be found personality disorders. The material under discussion deserves special attention as regards the juvenile delinquents of the younger age groups. It is of great significance that many of the investigated 10‒11-year-olds charged with larcency committed theft already before. Long years of research, conducted by the Department of Criminology, Institute of Legal Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, testify to the fact that the majority of the juvenile delinquents charged with larcency and brought before Juvenile Courts are boys who already previously committed larcency more than once. Disturbance of the socialization process with these juveniles, usually reaches back to their early childhood, requires early discovery and interference at the earliest possible time in the form of surrounding the parents, brothers and sisters of the juvenile delinquent with care and also of controlling them. The results yielded by follow-up studies of the recidivism during a period of 10 years of the 17-20 year-old young adult offenders, released from prison in 1961, concentrate on young people whose recidivism is undoubtedly connected with serious social maladjustment already during their juvenility. Obviously one cannot identify these young adults released from prison with all the 17‒20-year-old young adults convicted by courts who received various sentences. The results of the follow-up studies of the young adult prisoners should contribute to the initiation of systematic, individual research regarding young adults convicted and receiving various prison terms and to the change of certain guiding lines of the penal and penitentiary policy in regard to young adult offenders.
Publikacja posiada następującą strukturę: Wstęp I. Ewa Żabczyńska: Dalsze losy 100 chłopców mających sprawy o kradzieże w wieku 10-11 lat II. Adam Strzembosz: Rozmiary recydywy u nieletnich podsądnych sprawców krażeży III. Teodor Szymanowski: Rozmiary recydywy u młodocianych więźniów po upływie 10 lat od ich zwolnienia z zakładów karnych
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1974, VI; 126-127
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przyczyny okrucieństwa i przestępczości. Batawia, Pawełczyńska, Kępiński – refleksje oświęcimskie
Origins of Cruelty and Crime. Batawia, Pawełczyńska, Kępiński – Auschwitz-Related Reflections
Autorzy:
Raś, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość
okrucieństwa
przestępcy
obozy koncentracyjne
Oświęcim
kryminologia
crime
cruelty
offenders
criminology
concentration camps
Auschwitz
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 859-869
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rodzaje popełnionych przestępstw a różnice osobowościowe ich sprawców
Types of Crimes Committed and Differences in the Personalities of Their Perpetrators
Autorzy:
Stanik, Jan M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
psychologia kryminologiczna
osobowość przestępcy
sprawcy przestępstw
badania sprawców przestępstw
personality of perpetrator
perpetrator
delinquency
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 193-202
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Eichmann sprzed Jerozolimy
Eichmann vor Jerusalem, 2011
Autorzy:
Stangneth, Bettina (1966- ).
Współwytwórcy:
Ostrowska, Barbara (1950- ). Tłumaczenie
Świat Książki (1994-2017). Wydawca
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Warszawa : Świat Książki Wydawnictwo
Tematy:
Eichmann, Adolf (1906-1962)
Holokaust
Nazizm
Przestępcy wojenni
Przestępstwo wojenne
Ściganie zbrodniarzy wojennych
Biografia
Opis:
Na okładce podtytuł: spokojne życie masowego mordercy.
Bibliografia na stronach [640]-654. Indeks.
Nagroda Cundill w kategorii literatury historycznej (2015)
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Problem bezpieczeństwa personelu zakładów poprawczych dla nieletnich w kontaktach z wychowankami. Socjologiczna analiza czynników wewnętrznych
Safety of the Staff of Youth Detention Centers in Their Relations with Inmates: Sociological Analysis of Internal Factors
Autorzy:
Chomczyński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Stosowanych Nauk Społecznych i Resocjalizacji. Instytut Profilaktyki Społecznej i Resocjalizacji
Tematy:
zakłady poprawcze
bezpieczeństwo w placówkach zamkniętych
agresja i przemoc
młodociani przestępcy
badania jakościowe
instytucje totalne
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wybranych uwarunkowań wewnętrznych mających wpływ na bezpieczeństwo w zakładach poprawczych w Polsce. Omówione zostały okoliczności związane z aktywnością kadry jak i wychowanków, które podnoszą ryzyko wystąpienia zdarzeń nadzwyczajnych. Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny, zaś prezentowane w nim rezultaty badań opierają się na technikach jakościowych, takich jak: wywiady swobodne przeprowadzone z personelem i podopiecznymi, obserwacja jawna quasi-uczestnicząca, analiza dokumentów.
The aim of this paper is to present selected internal factors with an impact on the safety in youth detention centers in Poland. We discuss the circumstances underlying the behaviors of both the staff and inmates which increase the risk of exceptional occurrences. The paper adopts an empirical perspective, and presents the results based on such qualitative methods as free-form interviews with the staff and with inmates, overt quasi-participant observation and document analysis.
Źródło:
Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja; 2013, 21; 91-117
2300-3952
Pojawia się w:
Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mój ojciec był nazistą : rozmowy z potomkami czołowych przywódców Trzeciej Rzeszy. Cz. 2
Rozmowy z potomkami czołowych przywódców Trzeciej Rzeszy
Deti Tretego rejha, 2013
Autorzy:
Freidensson, Tatiana (1984- ).
Współwytwórcy:
Cichocki, Jan (tłumacz). Tłumaczenie
Pustuła, Hanna. Tłumaczenie
Wydawnictwo REA-SJ. Wydawca
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Konstancin-Jeziorna : Wydawnictwo Rea-SJ
Tematy:
II wojna światowa (1939-1945)
Dzieci
Nazizm
Niemcy (naród)
Przestępcy wojenni
Rodzina
Wywiad dziennikarski
Opis:
Na okładce: Himmler, Göring, Speer, Saur, von Schirach.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Granice nieletniości w polskim prawie karnym
The Statutory Age-Limits of Juvenile Delinquenta in Polish Penal Law
Autorzy:
Rdzanek-Piwowar, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698533.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
nieletni przestępcy
nieletni
polskie prawo karne
kodeks karny
juvenile delinquents
juveniles
polish penal law
penal code
Opis:
The entering into force on 13 May l983 of the Act on the treatment of juveniles of 26 October 1982 ended the period of over fifty years of validity of provisions of the penal code of 1932 (Chapter XI) and code of criminal procedure of 1928 (Chapter II of Book XI) which regulated the principles of responsibility of juvenile perpetrators of “acts prohibited under penalty”. Authors of the pre-war legislation, at the first stage of its preparation in particular, intended to make it specific and educational in nature through omission in the treatment of juveniles of the elements of responsibility and punishment. The finally adopted solution was a compromise: responsibility of juveniles have been related to age, discernment, and type of measures applied. With respect to undiscerning juvenile perpetrators of acts prohibited under penalty under the age of 13, and also to those aged 13–17, only educational  measures could be applied (admonition; supervision by the parents, former guardians, or a probation officer; placement in an educational institution) Juveniles aged 13–17 who discerned the meaning of their act were to be placed in a correction al institution; educational measures were to be applied in their cases if the circumstances, the juvenile’s personality or his living conditions made such placement inexpedient. Thus the legislation concerning juveniles remained part of the system of penal law in spite of the special features it started to acquire. That was also the direction, after the war in particular, of interpretation of the legal provisions. As a result, the measures applied to juveniles were given an explicitly educational character. This was done through the relation of those imeasures  to the perpetrator’s personality and not to the act, and through abolition of the institution of discernment. Since discernment. Since mid–1950s, the juvenile courts followed instructions which  changed the legal status of a juvenile. The age limit of penal responsibility of juveniles was set initially at ten and then at 13 years; younger children were not to be brought before the courts unless the case concerned guardianship. Many changes in the post-war provisions were also introduced by means of statutes. They concerned organization and functioning of the system of treatment of juveniles  (strengthening of the role of judge, introduction of the so-called family courts, increased number of probation officers). This way, a socially desirable continuation of the legal tradition was secured by means of reforms which were evolutionary and dictated by the current needs, and without liquidation of the existing structures, tested in the practice of many decades. The new statute adopted many of those changes more or less directly. Setting the upper age limit of juveniles, the post-war penal code of 1969 preserved the principle according to which criminal responsibility is conditioned upon the offender’s age of at least 17 (Art. 9). At the same time, though, Art. 9 made it possible to apply to offenders aged 17 the measures normally designed for juveniles, and to sentence juveniles aged 16 guilty of the most serious crimes to the ordinary but extraordinarily mitigated penalties. The final shape of the Act on the treatment of juveniles of 26 October 1982 was influenced both by the intent to preserve the developed and tested solutions, and by the discussion that preceded its introduction when optional conceptions of the treatment of juveniles were submitted. The following stages of the thirty-two years’ period of legislative works can be distinguished: – the years 1950–1956; long works on a new penal code were in progress and attempts were made at aggravating the responsibility of juveniles through the introduction of penalties (according to a draft of 1950, penalties were to be imposed on juveniles starting from the age of 12); – the years 1956–1960; in 1956, it was decided to work on a separate statute on juvenil and not within the preparation of a new penal code; a special team of the Codification Commission failed to agree upon a draft of the statute; – the years 1961–65;  no legislative works were formally in progres but two different conceptions were discussed: of inclusion of prevention in the act (which would thus apply to the socially maladjusted juveniles as well) and of introduction of social courts; – the years 1966–1971; attempts were made at partly realizing those conceptions in a succession of draft statutes; – the years 1972–76; the works were conducted by the Ministry of Education which tried to include the problems of prevention of juvenile delinquency and treatment of juveniles in a broader statute called the young generation code; – the years 1977–82 when the works on a statute were again taken over by the Ministry of Justice and a succession of versions of the draft were prepared. The Act of 26 October 1982 on the treatment of juveniles changed the scope of the notion of “juvenile”. According to the statutory definition, juveniles are: 1) persons with respect to whom provisions of  the act apply in the sphere of prevention and control of demoralization; the upper age limit in this category is 18 years, and the lower limit is not specified; 2) persons with respect to whom provisions of the statute apply in the sphere of proceedings in cases of punishable acts; such proceedings can be instituted towards persons who have been aged over 13 but under 17 while committing a punishable act; 3) persons with respect to whom provisions of the statute apply in connection with the carrying out of educational or corrective measures; the upper age limit of this category is 21 years. Tlerefore, the statute goes beyond the sphere traditionally reserved for penal law. The aim at making the statute educational in nature is manifested above all by the principle that the commission by a juvenile of a punishable act is not the only condition of the institution of proceedings in the case of that juvenile. The statute sanctions the need for intervention in the early stage of social maladjustment not only in cases where that maladjustment manifests itself in a punishable act. If a juvenile does commit an act of this  kind, his offence is not examined in the categories of guilt and responsibility. This is manifested by the abolition of the criteria of discernment, by the term “punishable act” used to designate an  offence committed by a juvenile, and by the absence of the term “responsibility of juveniles” in the name and provisions of the statute discussed. The statute bases on the assumption of education; its basic notion is demoralization. In its first meaning in which it has been used by the legislator, “demoralization'” is treated as a prerequisite of initiation of proceedings. Were the educational assumptions adopted to the full, commission of a punishable act could and should be treated as one of the symptoms of demoralization, not different in any way from the other symptoms. Assumed in the statute, however, is a special treatment of the juveniles with respecr to whom provisions of the statute apply in the sphere of prevention of demoralization, and in the sphere of control of demoralization. With respect to the latter, provisions of  the statute on  proceedings in cases of punishable acts apply, and with respect to the former – provisions on civil proceedings. The differentiation introduced by the statute (which is not consistent for that matter) results from a specific compromise: a combination of the ideas of prevention and  education with the approach typical of penal law where the legal response is conditioned upon the gravity of the act.  A conflict of the tendencies which clash nowadays all over the world – to preserve the model of treatment of juveniles within the institutions of penal law on the one hand, and to give the statute an educational character on the other  hand – can be noticed in other provisions of the statute discussed as well. In the classical system, the age limits of juveniles were clear and had just as clearly defined functions – they marked out the age of the so-called conditional criminal responsibility, provided discernment could be ascertained. Today, the upper limit of the age of juveniles is usually also the limit of full criminal responsibility, although many legislations provide for an exceptional possibility of imposition of penalties upon the oldest juveniles who commit a crime or a serious offence. The problem of the lower limit is more entangled , the modern legislations adopting several age limits here which results usually from the need to determine different scopes of intervention of the legal provisions in the sphere of juvenile law. Therefore, what still remains an important issue  is for the juvenile law to define an age limit below which provisions of penal law never apply, not even as auxiliaries.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 191-231
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opieka nad dzieckiem przestępczym na ziemiach polskich w XIX wieku
The Care About the Juvenile Delinquent in the Polish Territories in the 19th Century
Autorzy:
Szewczyk, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853604.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
nieletni przestępcy
odpowiedzialność karna nieletnich
zakłady poprawcze
juvenile delinquents
legal liability of the juveniles
corrective centres
Opis:
Poland was under difficult circumstances in the 19th century. Both the legal procedure and care on juvenile delinquents was formed differently, irrespective of a tendency in the partitioner. The pace of foreign laws and first specialist institutions for juvenile delinquents in the three partitions was different and depended strictly on the partitioners' decisions. It was in the Polish Kingdom that the initiative to set up corrective centres was the fastest and most numerous. Following a charitable initiative three institutions were established and functioned there (the Mokotów Institute of Moral Improvement of Children, Agricultural-Craft ... in Studzień, and the School of Labour in Struga). In the Prussian and Austrian partitions the initiative to establish institutes for juvenile delinquents belonged to the state. In the Prussian partition there were two corrective centres: in Chojnice and Szubina, whereas in the Austrian partition the first institute started as late as the 20th century. All the above institutes did not play any important role in fighting delinquency because the number of places they offered were insufficient. Nevertheless they initiated of organised work with juvenile delinquents in the 20th century.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2005, 33, 2; 85-102
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego w sprawach rehabilitacyjnych w latach 1988–1991
Decisions of the Supreme Court in Cases for Rehabilitation in the Years 1988–1991
Autorzy:
Stanowska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698535.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
orzecznictwo
Sąd Najwyższy
sprawy rehabilitacyjne
1988-1991
przestępcy polityczni
certification
Supreme Court
cases for rehabilitation
political offenders
Opis:
Analysed in the paper have been decisions of the Criminal and Military Departments of the Supreme Court in cases for rehabilitation of political offenders convicted in the years 1944–1988. The material under analysis consisted of 531 cases examined due to extraordinary appeal which concerned the total of 1.276 persons, and 9 cases  (of 33 persons) in which proceedings were reinstituted. On the whole,  rehabilitation proceedings concerned 1.309 persons. Among the decisions appealed against in both the above modes, those passed in the years 1944–1956 form the largest group (56.7%); the second largest are decisions passed after December 13, 1981. The prevalence of cases from before 1956 is caused, amng other things, by the extreme repressiveness of penal policy of that period when state terror was lavishly applied and the fundamental principles of legality commonly infringed. The persons involved in  rehabilitation proceedings before the Supreme Court are but a slight percentage of those convicted in the years 1944–1956. Also the penalties imposed in that period were  extremely severe.  Of the 702 persons now involved in rehabilitation proceedings (and formerly convicted in the years 1944–1956), as many as 86 were originally  sentenced to death; 9 were sentenced to life,  and 289 – to over 5 years impisonment. The most frequently quoted ground for extraordinary appeal was misapplication of substantial law (230 cases). It is also worth stressing that many a time, error as to the established facts also resulted in such misapplication of substantial law. Of the 540 rehabilitation proceedings, as few as two yielded negative results. The most frequent decision was acquittal or discontinuance of proceedings basing on Art. 11point 1 of the code of criminal procedure (i.e. for the reasons identical to those that lead to acquittal). Such decisions were passed with respect to over 90% of persons involved in rehabilitation preceedings. As many as 73 persons were rehalilitated posthumously (as the death penalty had been duly executed in their case). The most frequently quoted ground for acquittal in the mode of extraordinary appeal was absence of the statutory features of a prohibited act  (272 cases) and of the factual ground for indictment (151 cases). Additionally, defendants  had been convicted in 46 cases despite of the fact that their acts had not been punishable at the time of commission and, in 24 cases, despite of circumstances that excluded criminal responsibility. Therefore, as many as 493 cases ended with conviction despite of explicit grounds for acquittal (only the formal definition of an offence taken into account at that). In cases in which proceedings were reinstituted, the main ground for acquittal was non-punishability of the act at the time of its commission. Thus verifying the sued decisions that had actually infringed legal provisions, the Supreme Court acted mainly as defender of the law. In 52 cases, defendants were acquitted due to absence of social danger of the act. What should be stressed here is the crucial importance of such decisions where absence of social danger is quoted as the sole ground for acquittal. This  removes the collision between a concrete provision of penal law and the basic human, values, and affords possibilities for a proper assessment of an act from the viewpoint of such fundamental rights and values (and not political or other criteria dictated by a current situation). The unjustly convicted could therefore be fully rehabilitated but their actual contribution to the act for which they had originally been convicted was not belittled. A characteristic tendency of the Supreme Court’s decisions in cases for rehabilitation was a full approval for non-violent struggle against violence: for peaceful means of opposing totalitarianism. As has been confirmed by the present analysis, penal law was a peculiar instrument of the totalitarian rule; the trials of that period aimed at disposing of the real or imagined political opponents. Owing to the rehabilitating decisions, many of those formerly convicted could now receive full moral satisfaction; additionally, those decisions rehabilitate the judicial system to some extent and speak up for law based on the basic human values. Attached to the paper is an appendix which contains data on persons once convicted to capital punishment and life imprisonment and rehabilitated by the Supreme Court, as well as lists of the judges who imposed such extremely severe penalties and of persons who decided on the execution of death penalties.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 133-190
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zbiegli naziści : jak hitlerowscy zbrodniarze uciekli przed sprawiedliwością
Autorzy:
Steinacher, Gerald (1970- ).
Współwytwórcy:
Antosiewicz, Maciej. Tłumaczenie
Hamerlak, Kajetan. Recenzja
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wołowiec
Tematy:
Czerwony Krzyż i Czerwony Półksiężyc
Kościół katolicki
Przestepstwo wojenne
Przestępcy wojenni
Ściganie zbrodniarzy wojennych
Niemcy (naród)
Recenzja
Opis:
Gerald Steinacher, Zbiegli naziści. Jak hitlerowscy zbrodniarze uciekli przed sprawiedliwością,przeł. M. Antosiewicz, Wołowiec, Czarne, 2015, 463 s. (Kajetan Hamerlak).
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Motywacja osiągnięć, kluczowe autoewaluacje i kompetencje społeczne młodocianych przestępców
Autorzy:
Witkowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/33955362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
resocialization
juvenile offenders
adolescence
antisocial behaviours
social competence
resocjalizacja
młodociani przestępcy
okres dojrzewania
antyspołeczne zachowania
kompetencje społeczne
Opis:
Okres dojrzewania charakteryzuje się dynamicznymi zmianami w rozwoju fizycznym i psychicznym. Szczególnie łatwo wówczas o rozwój antyspołecznych zachowań oraz kontakt z osobami z grup o charakterze przestępczym. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badania pilotażowego, którego celem było porównanie wyników poziomu kompetencji społecznych, kluczowych autoewaluacji oraz motywacji osiągnięć między grupą młodocianych umieszczonych w ośrodkach resocjalizacyjnych a grupą młodzieży ze szkół średnich. Wymienione zmienne zdaniem autora mogą być zasobami psychologicznymi, które przyczyniają się do efektywnej resocjalizacji oraz psychoterapii młodzieży umieszczonej w zakładach poprawczych. Analiza wyników wykazała istotne różnice w poziomie kluczowych autoewaluacji, z tym że grupa młodocianych przestępców osiągnęła wyniki istotnie wyższe niż grupa porównawcza. Pozostałe różnice nie są istotne statystycznie. Dodatkowe analizy wykazały silny związek między poziomem kluczowych autoewaluacji a poziomem kompetencji społecznych oraz umiarkowaną korelację między poziomem motywacji osiągnięć a poziomem kompetencji społecznych w grupie młodocianych przestępców. Odpowiednie wykorzystanie wyników może przyczynić się do podniesienia efektywności resocjalizacji i zmniejszenia ryzyka recydywy.
Adolescence is characterised by dynamic changes in both physical and mental development. During this period, it is particularly easy to develop antisocial behaviours and contact with people from criminal groups. The article presents the results of a pilot study which aim was to compare the results of the level of social competences, core self-evaluations and achievement motivation between a group of adolescents placed in juvenile detention centres and a group of high school students. According to the author, these variables may be psychological resources that contribute to effective resocialization and psychotherapy of adolescents placed in correctional institutions. The analysis of the results showed significant differences in the level of core self-evaluations, except that the group of juvenile offenders scored significantly higher than the comparison group. The remaining differences were not statistically significant. Additional analyses showed a strong relationship between the level of core self-evaluations and the level of social competence and a moderate correlation between the level of achievement motivation and the level of social competence in the group of juvenile offenders. Appropriate use of the results may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of resocialization and reducing the risk of recidivism.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia; 2022, 35, 3; 209-218
0867-2040
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena proponowanych zmian w przepisach Kodeksu karnego dotyczących środków zabezpieczających
Notes to the proposed amendments to the Penal Code concerning preventive measures
Autorzy:
Góralski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693636.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
preventive measures
reform of the penal law
personally disturbed criminals
środki zabezpieczające
reforma prawa karnego
przestępcy zaburzeni osobowościowo
Opis:
At the turn of 2012, the Ministry of Justice released two drafts of amendments to statutory regulations in criminal law, including the Mental Health Protection Act. The proposed amendments introduce new preventive measures to be applied with respect to personally disturbed perpetrators of the most severe crimes, after they have completed 25 years prison sentence. One of such measures involves placing such individuals in a special mental treatment facility, referred to as the personality treatment centre. Application of such measure is to be adjudicated by a custody court. The author of this paper accepts the basic assumptions and objectives of the reform and makes critical evaluation of the specific amendment proposed. The main objections concern the premise that the new measure of an isolation type would not be used by a criminal court but a custody court, and the execution of this measure would be performed by an institution whose predominant role is to provide therapeutic treatment.
Pod koniec roku 2012 i na początku 2013 Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości opublikowało dwa projekty zmian w przepisach ustaw karnych oraz w ustawie o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego. Projekty te wprowadzają możliwość stosowania nowych środków zabezpieczających wobec zaburzonych osobowościowo sprawców najcięższych przestępstw po odbyciu przez nich kary 25 lat pozbawienia wolności. Jedną z form tego typu środków ma być umieszczanie takich osób w specjalnym zakładzie psychiatrycznym, określonym przez autorów zmian jako „ośrodek terapii osobowości”. Środek ten ma być orzekany przez sąd opiekuńczy. Autor artykułu akceptuje zasadnicze założenia i cele reformy, wypowiadając się krytycznie w zakresie szczegółowych propozycji nowelizacyjnych. Główne zarzuty podniesione w publikacji dotyczą założenia, że nowy środek o charakterze izolacyjnym będzie stosowany nie przez sąd karny, lecz przez sąd opiekuńczy oraz że wykonywanie tego środka ma być realizowane w instytucji mającej przede wszystkim charakter leczniczy.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2014, 76, 1; 55-67
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Środki alternatywne dla najmłodszych przestępców program Buskerud
Alternatives for the youngest delinquents- the Buskerud project
Autorzy:
Stangeland, Per
Waal, Hegle
Ostrihanska, Zofia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699194.pdf
Data publikacji:
1985
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
środki alternatywne
młodzi przestępcy
program Buskerud
przestępstwa
współpraca
young delinquents
the Buskerud project
alternative measures
criminal offenses
cooperation
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1985, XII; 79-88
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieformalne taksonomie wychowanków zakładów poprawczych i schronisk dla nieletnich tworzone przez personel w kontekście oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych Socjologiczna analiza zjawiska
Informal Taxonomies of Inmates from Juvenile Detention Centers and Juveniles’ Shelters Created by Personnel in the Context of Resocialization Actions
Autorzy:
Chomczyński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371556.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-13
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:
stygmatyzacja
młodociani przestępcy
zakłady poprawcze
instytucje totalne
interakcja
resocjalizacja
stigmatization
juvenile delinquents
correctional institutions
total institutions
interaction
social rehabilitation
Opis:
The main aim of this paper is to draw attention to the phenomenon of creating informal taxonomies by the personnel of correctional institutions (ZP) and shelters for juveniles (SdN) towards charges in relation to social rehabilitation work. It discusses both the mechanisms of creating such classifications as well as the consequences associated with them. The article defends the thesis that this type of stigmatization is on the one hand a natural phenomenon, because it is based on the mechanism of analogy, to a large extent unconscious, typical for educational institutions, but on the other hand dependent in its form on the adopted style of institution management. It also discusses the problem of multiple consequences of taxonomies. The results presented in this paper are based on seven years qualitative research carried out in social rehabilitation centers of all types throughout Poland. The research applied the principle of triangulation in the scope of methods, the researcher and data. To analyze empirical data an interpretative paradigm was used, which enables to see the interactive nature of the formation of negative emotions and emotional work.
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na zjawisko tworzenia nieformalnych taksonomii przez kadrę zakładów poprawczych (ZP) i schronisk dla nieletnich (SdN) wobec wychowanków w związku z pracą resocjalizacyjną. Omówione zostały zarówno mechanizmy tworzenia takich klasyfikacji, jak również konsekwencje z nimi związane. W artykule broniona jest teza, że tego rodzaju stygmatyzacja z jednej strony jest zjawiskiem naturalnym, gdyż bazującym na mechanizmie analogii, w dużej mierze nieuświadomionym, typowym dla instytucji wychowawczych, z drugiej zaś strony zależnym w swej postaci od stylu zarządzania placówką. Poruszany jest także problem licznych konsekwencji wynikających z taksonomii. Zaprezentowane w artykule wnioski opierają się na siedmioletnich badaniach jakościowych prowadzonych w ośrodkach resocjalizacyjnych wszystkich typów w całej Polsce. W badaniach zastosowana została zasada triangulacji w zakresie metod, badacza i danych. Do analizy zebranych materiałów empirycznych wykorzystany został paradygmat interpretatywny, który daje możliwość uchwycenia interakcyjnego charakteru powstawania emocji negatywnych i pracy emocjonalnej.
Źródło:
Resocjalizacja Polska; 2016, 11; 97-116
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:
Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie badań poligraficznych wobec przestępców seksualnych w Wielkiej Brytanii
The Use of the Polygraph with Sex Offenders in the UK
Autorzy:
Wilcox, Daniel T.
Gray, Rosie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/477059.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Polygraph
sex offender assessment
UK sex offender legislation
poligraf
przestępcy seksualni
regulacje prawne dotyczące przestępców seksualnych w Wielkiej Brytanii
Opis:
This is a translation of the article „The Use of the Polygraph with Sex Offenders in the UK” by Daniel T. Wilcox and Rosie Gray, appeared in a European Polygraph volume number 1 in the 2012.This article is about of how the polygraph can be used to work with sexual offenders in the United Kingdom Publication it’s important for the development of Polish penal policy, the possible solutions of new regulations in Polish legislation, and as a result of the use of research possibilities of Post Conviction Clinical Polygraph Examination Testing (Lie Detector Testing) offers significant opportunities for monitoring sex offenders.
Jest to przekład artykułu „The Use of the Polygraph with Sex Offenders in the UK” autorstwa Daniela T. Wilcoxa i Rosie Gray’a, który ukazał się w „European Polygraph” numer 1 w 2012 roku. Artykuł dotyczy problematyki badań poligraficznych stosowanych wobec przestępców seksualnych w Wielkiej Brytanii. Publikacja ta jest ważna dla rozwoju polskiej polityki karnej, możliwych rozwiązań nowych regulacji w polskim prawodawstwie, a na skutek wykorzystania możliwości badawczych ekspertyz poligraficznych PCSOT, stosowanych wobec skazanych za przestępstwa popełnione na tle seksualnym, oferuje znaczne szanse monitorowania przestępców seksualnych.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2016, 2(19); 25-36
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Losy życiowe młodych mężczyzn, którzy w nieletniości popełnili co najmniej jedno przestępstwo pod wpływem alkoholu
Life Histories of Young Males Guilty as Juveniles of at Least One Offence Committed While Intoxicated
Autorzy:
Krawczyk, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698526.pdf
Data publikacji:
1993
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
młodzi mężczyźni
nieletni przestępcy
losy życiowe
przestępstwa
alkohol
badania kryminologiczne
young males
juvenile delinquents
life histories
offences
alcohol
criminological research
Opis:
A study of two 100-person groups of juvenile delinquents born in 1959 was conducted in the years 1981‒1985 at the Department of Criminology, Institute of Legal Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. The first (experimental) group consisted of boys randomly selected from the total of 225 juveniles born in 1959 who had committed at least on offence while intoxicated. The other (control) group were 100 randomly juveniles selected from the entire population of 8196 juvenile delinquents born in 1959. None of the juveniles selected for the experimental group happened to find themselves in the control group as well. As shown by the findings, the juveniles who had committed at least one offence while intoxicated were much more demoralized as a group than the whole of juvenile delinquents. It seemed interesting, therefore, to follow the further fates of both groups as adults. The follow-up period was 7 years; until that time, all of the examined persons reached the age of 25 when the average Polish man be- comes stabilized to some extent, having graduated from university, worked for several or a dozen years (upon completion of secondary or elementary education respectively), and frequently having also established a family.  Data on the life situation of the young men from both examined groups on their 25th birthday were obtained from the following four sources: ‒ the Central Register of Convicted Persons kept  by the Ministry of Justice, and the Register of Convicted and Detained Persons where criminal records of the entire sample were checked; ‒ files of criminal cases of all men with criminal records (47.0% of the experimental and 35.0% of the control group); the files concerned criminal proceedings before common courts for offences committed after coming of age; ‒ questionnaire survey of 63.0% of the experimental and 66.0% of the control group; ‒ inquiry submitted to the sobering-up stations concerning the entire sample. As shown by the findings, 24.0% of the experimental and 13.0% of the control group established their own families before the age of 25. The proportions are high, as regards the experimental group in particular: erly in the 1980s, the newly married constituted about 10% of the total male population aged 20‒24 in Poland. The mean educational level was higher in the control compared to the experimental group; this concerns first  and foremost  cases of education higher than the elmementary technical (of which there were two in the experimental compared to ten in the control group). Moreover, no cases of illiteracy could be found in the control group, compared to one such case in the experimental group. Of all the men of the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 80.4% had a regular job, and 19.6% stayed out of job or worked casually. Of the control group, 80.0% had a regular job (33% combining job with school), 18.3% stayed out of job or worked casually, and one person had entered university. The number of convicted persons in the experimental group (47) was larger compared to the control group (35) by 12.0%, the difference being significant. Also relapse into crime was higher in the expenmental group (l5 vs. 11 cases). The first offence committed by those convicted as young adults was mainly one against property: 35 cases in the experimental group (66.0% of all those convicted) and 28 cases in the control group (80.0%). The second most frequent offence of members of the experimental group was an aggressive act: against life and health, freedom, personal dignity and inviolability (10 persons, i.e. 18.8% of all those convicted). The offences of this type included: bodily injury (Art. 156 of the penal code – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); participation in a brawl or beating (Art. 158 and 159 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); infringement of bodily inviolability (Art. 182 – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); assault against a public functionary (Art. 233 and 234 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); insult against  a public functionary (Art. 236 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%). In the control group, 6 cases of such offences could be found (9.1% of all those convicted);  yet the only offence under Art. 148 1 of the penal code, that is homicide, had been committed by a member of that goup.The other discussed figures and proportions were respectively: Art. l58, 159 – 3 persons, i.e. 8.6%; Art. 182 – 1 person (2.9%); Art. 233, 234 – 1 person (2.9%); and Art. 236 – 1   person (29%). Beside offences, the two groups manifested also other synptoms of social maladjustment. The symptoms found most often in both groups were: “contacts with persons known to the police as delinquent” and stays at the sobering-up station. As regards the experimental group, the third frequent symptom were brawls in the place of residence followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and avoidance of work. In the control group, avoidance of work ranked third, followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and brawls at the place of residence. This ranking of frequency of the symptoms of social maladjustment points to a greater aggressiveness of the young men from the experimental group. On the 63 young men from the experimental group concerning whom data  could be obtained, 62 (98.0%) drank alcohol. In the control group 59 (89.0%) of the 66 concerning whom data could be obtained were drinkers. The group of drinkers included all those who had drunk several times a week already  as juveniles, and 70% of those who had drunk once a week. In the control group, drinkers included 91.7% of those who had drunk as juvoniles (11 of 12 cases). Of those who had drunk as juveniles in the control group, 66.7% (8 cases) were convicted as adults. As shown by the discussed data, young men from the experimental group – those who committed as juveniles at least one offence while intoxicated prove much inferior in terms of the social situation  to other men who also committed offences as juveniles but did not drink alcohol. Therefore, early alcohol consumption among juvenile delinquents is an important factor of a negative prognosis as to the further fates of such persons. A number of postulates have been formulated, addressed at the prosecuting agencies, criminal justice, and institutions designed to assist persons in extraordinary situation. With respect to the present sample, all such postulates acquire special importance and must be met without fail.
A study of two 100-person groups of juvenile delinquents born in 1959 was conducted in the years 1981‒1985 at the Department of Criminology, Institute of Legal Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. The first (experimental) group consisted of boys randomly selected from the total of 225 juveniles born in 1959 who had committed at least on offence while intoxicated. The other (control) group were 100 randomly juveniles selected from the entire population of 8196 juvenile delinquents born in 1959. None of the juveniles selected for the experimental group happened to find themselves in the control group as well. As shown by the findings, the juveniles who had committed at least one offence while intoxicated were much more demoralized as a group than the whole of juvenile delinquents. It seemed interesting, therefore, to follow the further fates of both groups as adults. The follow-up period was 7 years; until that time, all of the examined persons reached the age of 25 when the average Polish man be- comes stabilized to some extent, having graduated from university, worked for several or a dozen years (upon completion of secondary or elementary education respectively), and frequently having also established a family.  Data on the life situation of the young men from both examined groups on their 25th birthday were obtained from the following four sources: ‒ the Central Register of Convicted Persons kept  by the Ministry of Justice, and the Register of Convicted and Detained Persons where criminal records of the entire sample were checked; ‒ files of criminal cases of all men with criminal records (47.0% of the experimental and 35.0% of the control group); the files concerned criminal proceedings before common courts for offences committed after coming of age; ‒ questionnaire survey of 63.0% of the experimental and 66.0% of the control group; ‒ inquiry submitted to the sobering-up stations concerning the entire sample. As shown by the findings, 24.0% of the experimental and 13.0% of the control group established their own families before the age of 25. The proportions are high, as regards the experimental group in particular: erly in the 1980s, the newly married constituted about 10% of the total male population aged 20‒24 in Poland. The mean educational level was higher in the control compared to the experimental group; this concerns first  and foremost  cases of education higher than the elmementary technical (of which there were two in the experimental compared to ten in the control group). Moreover, no cases of illiteracy could be found in the control group, compared to one such case in the experimental group. Of all the men of the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 80.4% had a regular job, and 19.6% stayed out of job or worked casually. Of the control group, 80.0% had a regular job (33% combining job with school), 18.3% stayed out of job or worked casually, and one person had entered university. The number of convicted persons in the experimental group (47) was larger compared to the control group (35) by 12.0%, the difference being significant. Also relapse into crime was higher in the expenmental group (l5 vs. 11 cases). The first offence committed by those convicted as young adults was mainly one against property: 35 cases in the experimental group (66.0% of all those convicted) and 28 cases in the control group (80.0%). The second most frequent offence of members of the experimental group was an aggressive act: against life and health, freedom, personal dignity and inviolability (10 persons, i.e. 18.8% of all those convicted). The offences of this type included: bodily injury (Art. 156 of the penal code – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); participation in a brawl or beating (Art. 158 and 159 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); infringement of bodily inviolability (Art. 182 – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); assault against a public functionary (Art. 233 and 234 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); insult against  a public functionary (Art. 236 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%). In the control group, 6 cases of such offences could be found (9.1% of all those convicted);  yet the only offence under Art. 148 1 of the penal code, that is homicide, had been committed by a member of that goup.The other discussed figures and proportions were respectively: Art. l58, 159 – 3 persons, i.e. 8.6%; Art. 182 – 1 person (2.9%); Art. 233, 234 – 1 person (2.9%); and Art. 236 – 1   person (29%). Beside offences, the two groups manifested also other synptoms of social maladjustment. The symptoms found most often in both groups were: “contacts with persons known to the police as delinquent” and stays at the sobering-up station. As regards the experimental group, the third frequent symptom were brawls in the place of residence followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and avoidance of work. In the control group, avoidance of work ranked third, followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and brawls at the place of residence. This ranking of frequency of the symptoms of social maladjustment points to a greater aggressiveness of the young men from the experimental group. On the 63 young men from the experimental group concerning whom data  could be obtained, 62 (98.0%) drank alcohol. In the control group 59 (89.0%) of the 66 concerning whom data could be obtained were drinkers. The group of drinkers included all those who had drunk several times a week already  as juveniles, and 70% of those who had drunk once a week. In the control group, drinkers included 91.7% of those who had drunk as juvoniles (11 of 12 cases). Of those who had drunk as juveniles in the control group, 66.7% (8 cases) were convicted as adults. As shown by the discussed data, young men from the experimental group – those who committed as juveniles at least one offence while intoxicated prove much inferior in terms of the social situation  to other men who also committed offences as juveniles but did not drink alcohol. Therefore, early alcohol consumption among juvenile delinquents is an important factor of a negative prognosis as to the further fates of such persons. A number of postulates have been formulated, addressed at the prosecuting agencies, criminal justice, and institutions designed to assist persons in extraordinary situation. With respect to the present sample, all such postulates acquire special importance and must be met without fail.   Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kontynuację opracowania: Nieletni sprawcy przestępstw popełnionych pod wpływem alkoholu, „Archiwum Kryminologii” 1991, t. XVIII.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1993, XIX; 17-26
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zniknięcie Josefa Mengele
Disparition de Josef Mengele
Autorzy:
Guez, Olivier (1974- ).
Współwytwórcy:
Sęk, Bożena. Tłumaczenie
Wydawnictwo Sonia Draga. Wydawca
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Katowice : Sonia Draga
Tematy:
Mengele, Josef (1911-1979?)
Auschwitz-Birkenau (niemiecki obóz koncentracyjny)
Ucieczki
Lekarze
Przestępcy wojenni
Powieść biograficzna
Powieść historyczna
Opis:
Tytuł oryginału: La Disparition de Josef Mengele.
Źródła i bibiografia na stronach 251-[257].
Nagroda Prix Renaudot 2017.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Środki poprawczo-wychowawcze stosowane wobec małoletnich więźniów w Królestwie Polskim (do 1867 r.)
Autorzy:
Czołgoszewski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31804100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Kingdom of Poland
juvenile offenders
juvenile prisoners
correctional and educational measures
Królestwo Polskie
nieletni przestępcy
małoletni więźniowie
środki poprawczo-wychowawcze
Opis:
Wprowadzenie: W okresie autonomicznym Królestwa Polskiego odpowiedzialność karna groziła już siedmioletnim dzieciom. Tragiczną konsekwencją przestępczości nieletnich była kara więzienia, w trakcie której małoletni odbywali ją wspólnie ze zdemoralizowanymi więźniami dorosłymi. Przeciwdziałać temu zjawisku miały środki oddziaływania poprawczo-wychowawczego. Cel badań: Celem artykułu jest prezentacja środków poprawczo-wychowawczych w świetle rozwiązań normatywnych wobec małoletnich więźniów w okresie autonomicznym Królestwa Polskiego. Badaniu poddano źródła instytucjonalne w postaci przepisów kodeksów karnych, odezw Rady Administracyjnej, rozporządzeń Komisji Rządowej Spraw Wewnętrznych i Duchownych oraz regulaminów więziennych odnoszących się do nieletnich przestępców i małoletnich więźniów. Stan wiedzy: W historii pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej brakuje syntetycznego opracowania na temat nauczania małoletnich w więzieniach w okresie autonomicznym Królestwa Polskiego. Nieliczne wyniki badań koncentrujące się na ówczesnym stanie oświaty więziennej, tylko marginalnie odnoszą się do nauki dzieci w więzieniach. Problematyką tą zajmowali się zarówno XIX-wieczni działacze społeczni, jak i badacze w latach międzywojennych. W okresie powojennym odnajdziemy ją także incydentalnie w monografiach poświęconych resocjalizacji nieletnich. Podsumowanie: Pomimo że naczelnym celem polityki zaborcy wobec dzieci była rusyfikacja, to podejmowane w więzieniach starania, dzięki społecznemu zaangażowaniu penitencjarystów, przyczyniały się do ich moralnej poprawy.
Introduction: During the autonomous period of the Kingdom of Poland, seven-year-old children were already under criminal responsibility. Tragic consequence of juvenile delinquency was imprisonment, during which minors served the sentence with demoralized adult prisoners. Corrective and educational measures were to counteract this phenomenon. Research Aim: The aim of the article is to present corrective and educational measures in the light of legal solutions for juvenile prisoners in the autonomous period of the Kingdom of Poland. Institutional sources in the form of penal code, regulations of the Administrative Council, regulations of the Government Commission for Internal and Clergy Affairs and prison regulations relating to juvenile offenders and juvenile prisoners were analyzed. Evidence-based Facts: In the history of rehabilitation pedagogy, there is no synthetic study on teaching minors in prisons during the autonomous period of the Kingdom of Poland. The few research results focusing on the state of prison education at that time, only marginally refer to the education of children in prisons. These issues were dealt with by both nineteenth-century social activists and researchers in the interwar period. In the post-war period, we can also find it incidentally in monographs devoted to the rehabilitation of minors. Summary: Despite the fact that the main goal of the partition policy towards children was Russification, the efforts made in prisons, thanks to the social commitment of penitentiaries, contributed to their moral improvement.
Źródło:
Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny; 2022, 41, 1; 225-239
0137-6136
Pojawia się w:
Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kaci Wołynia : najkrwawsi ludobójcy Polaków
Autorzy:
Koprowski, Marek A. (1947- ).
Współwytwórcy:
Zychowicz, Piotr (1980- ). Przedmowa
Wydawnictwo Replika. Wydawca
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Poznań ; [Zakrzewo] : Wydawnictwo Replika
Tematy:
Organizacja Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów (OUN)
Ukraińska Powstańcza Armia (UPA)
Ludobójstwo
Nacjonalizm
Przestępcy wojenni
Zbrodnia wołyńska (1943-1944)
Opracowanie
Opis:
Nazwa autora wprowadzenia na okładce.
Bibliografia na stronach 323-[325]. Indeks.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Wyświetlanie 1-50 z 70

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