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Tytuł:
Michaił Gorbaczow – prezydent upadającego państwa
Autorzy:
Bartnicki, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621461.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
USSR, President, perestroika
Opis:
The final years of the Soviet Union were dominated by a desperate attempt to resolve the economic and social impasse. It was also a period of searching for new ways of legislation, which would enable the efficient and least burdensome for the power transition from the post – totalitarian system to the strictly limited system of quasi-democracy. Replacement of the totalitarian state solution by imitate democratic institutions was a way of maintaining power by the elite. Implemented change did not protect from the final collapse of the Soviet Union, but even accelerated it. The election of Gorbachev as the first executive President of the Soviet Union – which was made as a result of changes in the Soviet constitution – was an attempt to consolidate (and to legitimate) of power. Nevertheless this fact did not strengthen his position, quite the contrary, undermined it. Analogous changes took place in the constitutions of the others republics and were push up by local leaders because elections for the President of the Republic gave them a real and independent of the political center power.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 7; 195-208
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instytucja prezydenta na tle początków państwowości ukraińskiej
Autorzy:
Olechno, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621236.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Ukraine, president, Hrushevski
Opis:
The institution of the President of Ukraine, its shape and models, are even now being discussed by the constitutional lawyers, historians and politicians. There is controversy even concerning the exact date of establishing the president’s office. The evolution of this office started in the Ukrainian People’s Republic. The fall of European powers at the end of World War I gave Ukrainian elites the chance to establish an independent state. On March 17, 1917 in Kiev the Ukrainian Central Council, presided by Mykhailo Hrushevski was established. The Council’s function was to represent the Ukrainian national interests and to convene the Ukrainian parliament. In April 1917 the Council convened the first Ukrainian National Congress, where strong national tendencies emerged. They demanded the authonomy for Ukraine and stated that future relations with Russia will be defined by future Legislative Assembly. The newly organized Central Council declared itself to be the Ukrainian parliament and the executive power was vested to so called Small Council. The Council consisted of President, two vice- presidents, secretaries of the Council and of two representatives of each Ukrainian political party. Hrushevsky was elected President by 900 representatives; Volodymyr Vynnychenko and Sergei Jefremov were elected vice-presidents. There is important controversy about presidential status: was he the head of state or only the head of the Assembly? On January 9, 1918 the Central Council proclaimed full sovereignty of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (Ukrainśka Narodna Respublika). During the first months of the independent state the Central Council expressed its legislative functions strongly. It was dissolved by the German occupation forces and – as a reaction to this fact – on April 29, 1918 it elected M. Hrushevsky to be the first Ukrainian president. Although on the same day ataman general P. Skoropadsky carried out the coup d’etat and restored old system, we can conclude that during this few hours the presidential office existed. The election of Hrushevsky was a formal act, which only confirmed the existing practice. He was not only the president of the Central Council, but he performed the functions of the head of state. It has to be mentioned that the constitution was saying nothing about the president’s office. It constituted the National Assembly and vested him with the supreme power of the state. The Assembly was entitled to perform the legislative functions and to create the executive power (art. 23). The president of the Assembly (Holova) was elected by the members of the Assembly and performer its functions in the name of the Republic. The president could control the acts of parlament and this function shows that he was not only the head of the Assembly. The next leaders of the Ukrainian state in 1918–1926 – V. Vynnychenko and Semen Petlura did not use the title of presient. In 1921 Ukraine occupied by the Bolsheviks and there was no chance for independent Ukraine.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 8; 109-125
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja struktury Kancelarii Prezydenta RP w latach 1989–2017. Statuty Kancelarii Prezydenta
Evolution of the structure of the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland in 1989–2017. Statutes of the Chancellery of the President
Autorzy:
Wicherek, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942343.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Konstytucja
prezydent
Kancelaria Prezydenta
prerogatywa
Constitution
President
the office of President
prerogative
Opis:
W artykule autor skupia się na konstytucyjnej prerogatywie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej jaką jest nadawanie statutu Kancelarii Prezydenta RP, która jest or-ganem pomocniczym prezydenta. Pierwsza części artykuł, odnosi się do podstawach prawnych nadawania statutu przez Prezydenta RP, natomiast w drugiej części autor, przedstawia poszczególne dokumenty z lat 1989–2017. W zakończeniu autor zwraca uwagę na podobieństwa oraz różnice w nadawanych przez Prezydentów RP statutach, w których określali Oni zasady funkcjonowania Kancelarii Prezydenta RP, która umożliwia prezydentom realizację założeń swojej prezydentury.
In this article, the author focuses on the constitutional prerogative of the President of the Republic of Poland, which is the granting of the statute of the President’s Chancellery. The aim of the article will be to analyze the individual statutes of the auxiliary body of the president, taking into account changes that have been made to the Law Office based on the documents issued. In the first part, the article refers to the legal basis for issuing statutes by the president, but the author in the subsequent parts focuses mainly on the analysis of documents issued by individual Presidents of the Republic of Poland.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2019, 4 (50); 131-144
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
a Literary History of Mental Captivity in the United States. <i>Blood Meridian</i>, <i>Wise Blood</i>, and Contemporary Political Discourse
Autorzy:
Rodriguez, Manuel Broncano
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/626268.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Cormac McCarthy
Blood Meridian
US foreign policy
President Trump President Putin
Opis:
On July 15, 2018, US President Donald Trump and Russia President Vladimir Putin held a summit in Helsinki that immediately set off a chain reaction throughout the world. By now, barely two months later, that summit is all but forgotten for the most part, superseded by the frantic train of events and the subsequent bombardment from the media that have become the “new normal.” While the iron secrecy surrounding the conversation between the two dignitaries allowed for all kinds of speculation, the image of president Trump bowing to his Russian counterpart (indeed a treasure trove for semioticians) became for many observers in the US and across the world the living proof of Mr. Trump´s subservient allegiance to Mr. Putin and his obscure designs. Even some of the most recalcitrant GOPs vented quite publicly their disgust at the sight of a president paying evident homage to the archenemy of the United States, as Vercingetorix kneeled down before Julius Cesar in recognition of the Gaul´s surrender to the might of the Roman Empire. For some arcanereason, the whole episode of the Helsinki summit brought to my mind, as in a vivid déjà vu, Cormac McCarthy´s novel Blood Meridian and more specifically, the characters of Judge Holden and the idiotic freak who becomes Holden´s ludicrous disciple in the wastelands of Arizona. In my presentation, I will provide some possible explanations as to why I came to blend these two unrelated episodes into a single continuum. In the process, I will briefly revisit some key texts in the American canon that fully belong in the history of “mental captivity” in the United States, yet to be written. Obviously, I am not in hopes of deciphering the ultimate reasons for current US foreign policy, and the more modest aim of my presentation today is to offer some insights into the general theme of our conference through a novel and a textual tradition overpopulated with “captive minds.”
Źródło:
Review of International American Studies; 2020, 13, 1; 75-97
1991-2773
Pojawia się w:
Review of International American Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
POSTĘPOWANIE W SPRAWIE ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI KONSTYTUCYJNEJ PREZYDENTA CHORWACJI
PROCEEDINGSIN THE CASE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PRESIDENT OF CROATIA
Autorzy:
GRABOWSKA, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
constitutional responsibility
president
Croatia
Opis:
The subject of this study is the Croatian procedural regulations concerning the constitutional responsibility of the president. I try to answer the question of whether the Croatian legislator normalized the functioning of the institution in an appropriate manner.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2017, 15, 3; 57-62 (6)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Acts of Ukraine and the Baltic Countries: chronological comparison (1990–2004)
Autorzy:
Voitenko, Yurii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23050989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
law
constitution
parliament
president
independence
Opis:
The article examines the main state-building acts adopted by the highest authorities of Ukraine and the Baltic states starting from 1990 (as a result of the first free election of deputies of these republics in the post-war period) and until 2004 (when significant changes took place in the internal political and geopolitical context, in particular – the accession of the Baltic states to NATO and the EU, as well as changes in the form of government in Ukraine in amendments to the Constitution as a result of the so-called «Orange Revolution»). The article reflects not only the legal part of the specified period, but also the institutional part, in particular, in the part of the formation of both legislative and executive power in the specified countries. The interaction of political, regulatory and historical components in this article forms a holistic vision of state-building processes in their synergistic unity. The purpose of the study is to conduct a chronological comparison of the main statebuilding acts of Ukraine and the Baltic countries in the period from 1990 to 2004. The methodological basis is a chronological comparison of the normative framework of countries in the context of the processes of state formation. It was determined that the parliaments of these countries, which were elected in the spring of 1990, immediately began to fight for their sovereignty and set a course for separation from the union center. The August 1991 putsch in Moscow became the «trigger mechanism» in the declaration of independence of the Baltic states and Ukraine. From that time, these countries began to build their states independently, in particular in the political and legal sphere. First, there is a change in the name of the state itself and its parliament (getting rid of the Soviet one) at the legislative level, as well as the complete subordination of power structures and other authorities exclusively to republican structures. Subsequently, the main state symbols (flag, coat of arms and anthem), constitutions are adopted, the course of states towards a market economy through the denationalization of property and privatization is introduced, each has its own currency, property is divided with other republics, international treaties and agreements are adopted, and countries The Baltics (but not Ukraine) manage to completely get rid of Russian troops from their territory through complex diplomatic efforts. The latter also contributed to the fact that the Baltic countries, having immediately taken a course towards the West, later became full members of NATO and the EU. During this period, Ukraine only decided on its geopolitical vector, that it intends to join these international associations in the future.
Źródło:
Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe; 2023, 8(1); 35-43
2543-9227
Pojawia się w:
Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instytucja prezydenta w systemie politycznym Federacji Rosyjskiej
Autorzy:
Ross, Wiktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Politics; Constitution; Political system; President
Opis:
This article presents the course that passed the political system of USSR going from the old soviet structure to the modern form of the state. Total economic and political crisis forced the last General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbatchev to seek the new political institutions and were helpful in the process of maintaining socialist character of the state and social relations and, simultaneously, to carry out the changes of the political system which became necessary. These efforts were a failure because of strong resistance, on the one hand, communist nomenklatura and the other hand, the new democratic movement in the Russian Federation conducted by Boris Yeltsin and independent movements in Soviet Republics. After the trial to stop the process of reforming of the state undertaken by communist leaders of USSR during coupé d'etat in August 1991 the initiative passed to the democratic forces in Russia. The fall of the USSR and foundation of the CIS as the platform of the reintegration of Post-Soviet area started the new stage of the political conflict in the Russian Federation. The objective needs occurred in the process of reforming of the economic structures, growing of the protest attitudes, necessity to relief the mood of the local authorities in order to attain their support for the course of modernization, pushed President Yeltsin to concentrate enormous power. The old Soviet Constitution was more comfortable for such political conditions than modern solutions based on the power's division in three branches - Parliament, Government and independent jurisdiction. Contradictions of the Post-Soviet period brought to the deep conflict between President Yeltsin and Supreme Soviet in October 1993. The defeat of the conservative forces in this confrontation meant the end of Soviet system in Russia, however political system that was created on such ground had authoritarian features, which was used all Yeltsin's presidential decade bringing, as a result, the system very far to the principles of the democracy. 
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2011, 1; 63-81
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Judicial Administrative Cognition, and Refusal to Appoint a Judge – Several Reflections against the Background of the Supreme Administrative Court’s Decision of 7 December 2017, Ref. I I OSK 857/17
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1966007.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
presidential prerogatives
administrative court
president
Opis:
The paper indicates the most important arguments raised by the participants in the dispute concerning the possibility of control by the administrative courts of decisions of the President of the Republic of Poland on the refusal to appoint a judge and an attempt to make a substantive evaluation of them. In my opinion, the refusal to appoint a judge, as well as refusal to accept the judge’s position under the amended Act on the Supreme Court (SC) should be strictly exceptional and in principle be justified at the constitutional level, which should be seen as the duty of the President to ensure compliance with the Constitution. Both of these resolutions should contain the motives of the President, which would make this act, with all its arbitrariness, more transparent. This is important not only from the point of view of the person concerned, but this also has an important social dimension. The public has the right to know, not only which candidates, who met the requirements for the appointment as a judge and were recommended by the National Council of the Judiciary of Poland (NCJ), were not appointed by the President, but also what reasons were at the heart of such a decision of the Head of State.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2019, 11, 3; 206-225
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Correlation Between The Electoral System in The Presidential Elections and The Constitutional Position of The Head of State in The Light of The Discussion on The Change of The Polish Constitution
Autorzy:
Danel, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2003811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
constitution
president
electoral system
referendum
Polska
Opis:
Amending a constitution or replacing it with a new one is never easy. Even if politicians usually have a lot of ideas how it should be done, the real problem is to put these ideas into practice. If the President Duda’s initiative is to succeed, so in other words – if such a referendum is to be held, the consent of the Senate of the Republic of Poland, i.e. the second chamber of the Polish parliament is needed. According to the Article 125 of the current Constitution the consent of the Senate is given “by an absolute majority vote taken in the presence of at least half of the statutory number of Senators”. And while Law and Justice has such an absolute majority of seats in the Senate, it is difficult to say with certainty whether today, in the face of a rather tight relationship between President Duda and the Law and Justice’s leadership, Senators of this party will support the president’s initiative. And even if the referendum is held, it will only be the first step. The change of the constitution itself requires either the so-called ‘constitutional majority’ or a bipartisan consent, that is the agreement between the ruling party and at least part of the opposition. For the moment Law and Justice does not have such a constitutional majority, even if it joins forces with Kukiz ’15 parliamentary faction – the only political group that welcomed President Duda’s initiative with great enthusiasm. Other Polish political parties do not want to hear about any constitutional change accusing both Law and Justice and President Duda of repeatedly violating the constitution that is currently in force. Of course, it may change after the next parliamentary and presidential elections scheduled for 2019 and 2020 respectively, especially if Law and Justice gets even better results, what – at least today – is suggested in the opinion polls. Maybe then, to change the constitution, they will not need agreement with any other political party, just like the Hungarian Fidesz after the 2010 elections. However, there is no doubt that disputes on the competences and powers of the President of the Republic of Poland, especially (but not only) in the context of the way he/she is elected, will return regularly in the discussions on potential constitutional changes. The possible evolution of the Polish parliamentarism into the presidential or semi-presidential regime would force a significant increase in the powers of the head of state, still elected directly by the people. Staying within the framework of the parliamentary regime would require a more precise definition of the constitutional position of the President of the Republic of Poland, leaving open the issue of the way he/she is elected.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2017, 22; 7-18
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Formuła zastępstwa głowy państwa w świetle art. 57 niemieckiej ustawy zasadniczej
The rule of the vacancy of the Head of State in the light of art. 57 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany
Autorzy:
Pastuszko, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953843.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-25
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
zastępstwo Prezydenta
zastępca Prezydenta
Prezydent Republiki Federalnej Niemiec
Przewodniczący Bundesratu
the substitution of the President
a stand-in for the President
the President of the Federeal Republic of Germany
the President of Bundesrat
Opis:
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia instytucji zastępstwa Prezydenta Republiki Federalnej Niemiec. Pierwsza jego część zawiera krótki opis rozwiązań regulujących te kwestie w okresie obowiązywania Konstytucji Republiki Weimarskiej z 1919 r. Dopiero na tak zarysowanym tle prezentowane są uregulowania współczesne. Pojawiają się tu takie wątki jak: 1) pozycja ustrojowa prezydenckiego zastępcy, 2) przeszkody w sprawowaniu urzędu przez prezydenta, 3) ramy temporalne wykonywania zastępstwa. W swoich dociekaniach autor stawia tezę, że obecny model zastępstwa funkcjonujący w Niemczech jest wyraźnie niedoregulowany, co w praktyce ustrojowej może rodzić poważne problemy interpretacyjne.
The article deals with the issue of the substitution of the President of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its first part involves a short outline of this institution by the time of  Weimar Constitution of 1919. Next, there appears the relevant part of the text, which refers to the contemporary legal rules predicted by the Constitution of 1949. It touches upon three following problems, namely: 1) the legal position of the  deputy President, 2) the so-called obstacles that cause disability of the President in holding his office, 3) the timeframe for playing a role of the substitute by the President of Bundesrat. Describing all these issues, the author formulates a thesis indicating that the present model of the substitution of the president suffers from being regulated not sufficiently detailed which may  trigger serious interpretation troubles in the area of political praxis.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2016, 3; 113-129
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Narodziny „mitu smoleńskiego”
Autorzy:
Sendyka, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/644477.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
myth
Smolensk crash
hero
president
mythologizing
Opis:
After the presidential air plane crash near Smolensk, in Russia, on April 10th 2010, we had all witnessed a transformation of this historical event into a myth. The aim of this article is to document this transformation, by following the different types of narratives after the crash (news articles, blogs, films), especially in its immediate aftermath. The analysis of these sources shows that the “Smolensk myth” has been born, fully formed (with all the ideas and motifs we can see today), almost immediately after the crash.
Źródło:
Prace Etnograficzne; 2013, 41, 1
0083-4327
2299-9558
Pojawia się w:
Prace Etnograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedzialność Prezydenta za wykroczenia
The problem of jurisdiction under presidental offences
Autorzy:
Dąbrowski, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-02-28
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
wykroczenia
Prezydent
immunitet
offences
President
immunity
Opis:
W artykule poruszono problematykę dotyczącą zakresu odpowiedzialności Prezydenta RP za wykroczenia i ewentualnej jurysdykcji nad nimi. Dostrzegając brak wyraźnej regulacji tych zagadnień, autor wskazuje, iż – w związku z zakazem domniemywania immunitetów – zakres odpowiedzialności Prezydenta RP za wykroczenia musi być tożsamy jak w przypadku innych obywateli. Z uwagi jednak na szerokie niebezpieczeństwa nierozerwalnie związane z realizacją tej formy odpowiedzialności, proponuje objęcie jurysdykcji nad nimi przez Trybunał Stanu. Dla przyjęcia takiego stanowiska autora skłaniają zarówno treści obowiązującego porządku prawnego, jak również liczne argumenty natury funkcjonalnej i językowej. W konsekwencji zarysowuje on tezę, iż „przestępstwo” w rozumieniu art. 145 ust. 1 Konstytucji stanowi w istocie nazwę dla szeroko rozumianej odpowiedzialności karnej.
The article discusses the scope of legal responsibility on the part of The President of the Republic of Poland. The lack of precise legal regulations concerning the matter in question leads to the following conclusion: taking into consideration the present prohibition of implicit immunity the President of the Republic of Poland ought to share the same realm of legal responsibility as do other Polish citizens. Yet, due to the apparent dangers inherent in the execution of the legal responsibility the author proposes for the jurisdiction in question to be under the supervision of the State Tribunal. The author’s argument is founded on the present legal order as well as in numerous functional and language oriented factors. As a consequence, the author claims “the offense” as defined in the 145th article of the Constitution is in reality a general notion for criminal responsibility.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2017, 1 (35); 109-121
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
President of the state in the Afghan Constitutions
Prezydent państwa w afgańskiej konstytucji
Autorzy:
Modrzejewska-Leśniewska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1185216.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02-02
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Afghanistan
president
Constitution
Afganistan
prezydent
konstytucja
Opis:
The institution of the president exists in the majority of the countries of the western world. Depending on the prerogatives granted by the constitution, the president may perform either a representative function or have the real power. No matter what the role of the president is, the position is deeply embedded in the political system, and the constitutional law as well as political practice specify its scope of competencies and capabilities. When we go beyond the Euro-Atlantic area, we can also find the states where an office of president is run. While its formation, Asian, African and South American societies, consciously or not, usually emulated the Euro-Atlantic experiences. In general, historical background of the non-European states, however, makes the history of the presidential office shorter, and the introduction of this position was often a result of violent sociopolitical changes. What often distinguishes the presidencies of the African and Asian countries from the Euro-Atlantic ones is their instability - in running this office a lot depends on the personality traits of the person holding it as well as on the tradition (or lack thereof) of strong central governance. On that premise, the presidency history of a non-European state, i.e. Afghanistan can be presented. This is an interesting case since the above mentioned factors are clearly visible in here, and the state's internal political situation is unstable. In addition, as the international forces are supposed to be withdrawn from the country until the end of 2014, the president may then become the main body formulating public policy and, thus, shaping the future of Afghanistan.
W większości państw świata zachodniego funkcjonuje instytucja prezydenta. W zależności od prerogatyw przyznanych mu przez konstytucję, jest on albo reprezentantem swojego państwa, albo też dysponuje realną władzą. Niezależnie od tego, jaką funkcję pełni prezydent, urząd ten jest mocno usadowiony w systemie politycznym, a przepisy konstytucyjne i praktyka polityczna precyzują zakres jego kompetencji i możliwości działania. Poza strefą euroatlantycką także spotykamy się z państwami, w których istnieje urząd prezydenta. Zazwyczaj przy jego kształtowaniu, świadomie lub nie, społeczeństwa Azji, Afryki czy Ameryki Południowej czerpały z euroatlantyckich doświadczeń. Jednak doświadczenia historyczne państw pozaeuropejskich sprawiają, że urząd ten ma tam z reguły znacznie krótszą tradycję, a jego wprowadzenie często było efektem gwałtownych przemian społeczno-politycznych. Tym, co często odróżnia prezydentury państw afrykańskich i azjatyckich od euroatlantyckich jest ich niestabilność - przy sprawowaniu urzędu wiele zależy od osobowości i cech charakteru osoby sprawującej urząd, jak również od tradycji (lub jej braku) silnej władzy centralnej. Posługując się tymi przesłankami można przedstawić tradycje prezydenckie takiego państwa pozaeuropejskiego jak Afganistan. Jest to ciekawy przypadek, gdyż bardzo wyraźnie widać w nim wspomniane uwarunkowania, a sytuacja wewnętrzna państwa jest niestabilna. Dodatkowo, ze względu na plan wycofania sił międzynarodowych z tego kraju do końca 2014 r., prezydent może stać się głównym podmiotem kreującym politykę publiczną, a co za tym idzie, przyszłość Afganistanu.
Źródło:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej; 2015, 2, 1(5); 137-157
2391-6389
2719-7131
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Polityki Publicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Some remarks about the conception of executive power in the 1997 Polish Constitution
Autorzy:
Kruk, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43353688.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
Polish Constitution
Enacting Laws
President
Goverment
Opis:
This text is about Polish Constitution from 1997 and the division of powers (legislature, executive, judiciary). Also, Executive system have got division on President and Prime Minister. Sometimes these divisions can involve conflicts, but they are necessary. In article author also make comparisons between polish and french political system. This article i san updated verion of a text published in: Instytucje współczesnego prawa administracyjnego. Księga jubileuszowa prof. Józefa Filipka, Kraków 2001.
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 2002, 125-132; 53-61
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zakres i formy współpracy Prezesa Urzędu Komunikacji Elektronicznej z Prezesem Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki
Scope and Forms of Collaboration of the President of the Office of Electronic Communications and the President of the Energy Regulatory Office
Autorzy:
Małecka, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/508094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Prezes UKE
Prezes URE
President of the Office of Electronic Communications
President of the Energy Regulatory Office
Opis:
Artykuł prezentuje od strony teoretycznoprawnej i praktycznej współpracę Prezesa UKE z Prezesem URE. W pierwszej części zostały zaprezentowane przepisy dotyczące współpracy obu organów oraz możliwe formy współpracy wypracowane przez doktrynę. Treścią drugiej części artykułu jest analiza przykładów współpracy Prezesa UKE z Prezesem URE opartych na następujących dokumentach: Memorandum w sprawie współpracy na rzecz przeciwdziałania zjawisku kradzieży i dewastacji infrastruktury (dalej: Memorandum) oraz Porozumieniu na rzecz likwidacji barier w inwestycjach telekomunikacyjnych i energetycznych (dalej: Porozumienie).
The article presents the collaboration of the President of UKE and the President of URE from a theoretical and a legal perspective. The first part of the paper discusses provisions concerning the collaboration of both bodies and the possible forms of collaboration developed by the doctrine. The second part deals with the analysis of examples of collaboration of the two sectorial regulators, the President of UKE and the President of URE, based on the following documents: Memorandum on the Collaboration for Counteracting the Phenomenon of Theft and Devastation of Infrastructure and the Agreement on the Elimination of Barriers in Telecommunication and Energy Investments.
Źródło:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny; 2016, 5, 4; 47-55
2299-5749
Pojawia się w:
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zawsze w pobliżu. Ochrona prezydentów Rzeczypospolitej
Always by their side. Presidential security in the Second Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Szumiec-Zielińska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16006060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-27
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
assassination attempt on Gabriel Narutowicz
presidential protection
protective instructions
Belvedere
President Stanisław Wojciechowski
President Ignacy Mościcki
Opis:
The paper discusses issues relating to the protection of the presidents in the Second Republic of Poland. Selected regulations are outlined to show the legal foundation on which a system for ensuring the safety of people protected by dedicated services was organized. Subsequently, the author shows how the presidential security operated so that the heads of state could feel safe at work, in their residences, during travels and leisure.
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2022, 24; 9-27
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constitutional responsibility of the president in post-communist countries – case study (Lithuania, Romania, the Czech Republic)
Odpowiedzialność konstytucyjna prezydenta w państwach postkomunistycznych – studium przypadku (Litwa, Rumunia, Czechy)
Autorzy:
Kowalska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26850864.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Zamojska
Tematy:
constitutional responsibility
impeachment
president
odpowiedzialność konstytucyjna
prezydent
Opis:
The article presents the empirical side of the issues of constitutional responsibility in the countries of “new democracy,” such as, Lithuania, Romania and the Czech Republic. It very often happens that the more power one has, the more temptation there is to abuse one’s office. That is why, the responsibility of the people of the highest government levels as the heads of states, is to guarantee the rule of law in every democratic state. The control is necessary when the law is not being obeyed or somebody is acting in defiance of generally abiding rules. Thereby, the constitutional responsibility is very important. It should be enforced by independent courts or in the impeachment procedure. Such a solution has been adopted in most European post-communist countries, and more importantly, very often applied for practical purposes.
Artykuł przedstawia empiryczną stronę zagadnienia odpowiedzialności konstytucyjnej w krajach „nowej demokracji” na przykładzie Litwy, Rumunii oraz Czech. Praktyka uczy nas, iż na każdym kto w mniejszym lub większym zakresie jest dysponentem władzy państwowej, ciąży pokusa jej nadużywania. Dlatego też odpowiedzialność osób zajmujących w państwie najwyższe stanowiska urzędnicze – a do nich z całą pewnością należy zaliczyć urząd głowy państwa – jest gwarancją praworządności w każdym współczesnym państwie demokratycznym. Odpowiedniej kontroli wymagają zarówno ich zachowania polegające tak na wadliwym stosowaniu prawa, bądź też podejmowane niezgodnie z treścią obowiązujących norm. Stąd w zestawie środków, które mają zapewnić kontrolę nad sprawowaniem władzy wykonawczej w sposób zgodny z prawem, znajduje się odpowiedzialność konstytucyjna egzekwowana przez niezawisłe organy typu sądowego lub w formule procedury impeachment. Takie też rozwiązania zostały przyjęte w większości europejskich państw postkomunistycznych, a co istotniejsze znalazły w niektórych z nich też praktyczne zastosowanie.
Źródło:
Facta Simonidis; 2017, 10, 1; 7-26
1899-3109
Pojawia się w:
Facta Simonidis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
20 Years after The Lustration of Lech Wałęsa
Autorzy:
Składanowski, Henryk Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Lech Wałesa
Czesław Kiszczak
president
lustration
transformation
Opis:
This study aims to determine whether the decision of the V Lustration Department of the Court of Appeal in Warsaw issued in 2000, that Lech Wałęsa was not a secret collaborate of the former Security Service of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR), was a correct one. Marek Aftyka’s “briefing memo” and Proceedings of Regional Court in Gdańsk I Civil Department in 2010 in a case brought by Lech Wałęsa against Krzysztof Wyszkowski were researched in this article. It is stated that individual decisions of judges in 2000 were wrong in this case, which was confirmed on February 16, 2016 by finding the personal and working files of the secret collaborate codename “Bolek”. Analysis of the sources demonstrated that Wałęsa he did not consider the cooperation with the prosecution and security institutions, as well as with the state of real socialism as something wrong. At the same time, former Polish president, as a well-trained agent, will never admit to the cooperation.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2020, 11; 45-66
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kształtowanie roli i demokratyczna odpowiedzialność wójta, burmistrza i prezydenta miasta jako lokalnego przywódcy (aspekty prawne i polityczne)
Shaping the role and democratic responsibility of the wojt (rural commune mayor), city mayor, or city president as a local leader (legal and political aspects)
Autorzy:
Kasiński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964881.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
democratic responsibility
city president
politics
local leader
Opis:
The present study shows the process of shaping the concept of local leadership in Poland, which concerns mayors of rural communes, mayors and presidents of cities, directly elected by citizens − and their role as local government executive leaders. Particular attention is paid to legal and political mechanisms of their election and political (democratic) responsibility towards the citizens. In these mechanisms, there have been detected factors which substantially weaken social trustworthiness of the role of the leader and its democratic advantages. These factors especially include a low rate of vote turnout (both in local election and in referenda for dismissal from any of the offices listed above) and various informational manipulations aimed at distorting the true picture of public opinion in these matters. The author has pointed to dysfunction of regulations and political phenomena, which cause that the concept of a local leader in Poland has met very serious difficulties in practice and is not trusted by the community.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2015, 74
0208-6069
2450-2782
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The President of the Republic of Poland in the Light of Constitutions Adopted in Poland Between 1918 and 2018 – Selected Issues
Autorzy:
Danel, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
constitution
president
Polska
republic
sovereignty
regime
parliamentarism
Opis:
The article concerns the constitutional position and political role of the President of the Republic of Poland. Though the Author concentrates on the current constitution of Poland, that entered info force in 1997, he also reviews all the constitutions (and important amendments to these constitutions) that were adopted over the last century, so after Poland had restored its sovereignty in 1918. The analysis is concentrated not only on the constitutional position and political role of the Polish president, but also on the way he was (and is) elected. The Author tries to prove a thesis that the actual political position of the head in the state in Poland depended and still depends not only on constitutional provisions, but also on specific political circumstances, and even the character and personality of the people holding this office.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2018, 23; 7-20
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of Reforming the Institutions of Power in Ukraine in the Transition to Democracy
Autorzy:
Burdiak, Vira
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
Ukraine
transformation
president
parliament
government
reform
opposition
Opis:
The author proves, that in Ukraine the level of political consolidation, when it would be possible to clearly define, whether a transition is completed or not, and what regime is firmly established in the state, is not achieved yet. Political players are far from confessing the inviolability of democratic rules of political game; there is a considerable threat of authoritarianism. Freedom House considers the Ukrainian state a free electoral state, not a liberal democracy. The judicial features of Ukraine in the democratization process are as follows: lack of fulfillment of one of the first tasks of the transition: replacement of elites; lack of legal culture of the authorities, their inability to realize the rules of governance; formal institutionalization; relative weakness of the basic opposition; slowness of the reformation and sustainable failure to perform the tasks of every stage of the transition; weakness and low legitimacy of democratic institutions, conjuncture reformation for party-group interests; gradual replacement of bits and pieces of the post-communist authoritarianism with the new oligarchic authoritarianism on the behavior level of some elite groups.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2018, 21; 5-16
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electoral System of the Republic of Belarus after 25 Years of Independence
Autorzy:
Kuleszewicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Belarus
elections
Lukashenka
constitution
president
parliament
democracy
Opis:
This paper aims to present a case study analysis of the condition of the electoral system in the Republic of Belarus after more than a quarter of a century of independence. The main purpose of the paper is to explain the discrepancies between legislation and practice. The author intended to note a real situation that dominates the country’s political scene in comparison to theoretical establishments. A Constitution of the Republic (created in 1994, with minor changes in 1996 and 2004) is the legal ground of the electoral system, however, procedural details were drawn up in the Electoral Code. The principles of Belarusian electoral code consist of some statements known from democratic models, such as universal suffrage, direct suffrage, secret ballot and equality. There are different types of elections in Belarus but the most important ones are presidential and parliamentary elections. Despite the detailed legal rules for conducting these elections, in fact, the principles of democracy, as well as the internal rules in Belarus, are not respected. Both presidential and parliamentary elections have shown this in recent years. Independent observers for a long time have been alarming about worrying electoral practices in Belarus. It is also worth emphasizing that since 1994, one man has been in power uninterruptedly, and Parliament has in fact a symbolic function. In the source materials, the author used Belarusian legal acts, analyses and reports, press notes as well as scientific papers.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 4 (47); 618-627
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Constitutional Coup! The Take-Down of the First President of the Republic of Kosovo
Autorzy:
Sejdiu, Korab R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036126.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
Kosovo
Constitution
President
serious
violation
position
party
Opis:
A coup d’etat is defined as “a sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force.” As one looks through all the coup d’etats that have occurred throughout the history in various parts of the world, one can observe that often the protagonists of such events are political enemies, military leaders, or distressed insiders. Indeed, one is hard pressed to find where a coup d’etat has been executed by way of a poor legal reasoning of a Constitutional Court. Well, that is until now! In the newest country in Europe, the Republic of Kosovo, major international and domestic investments are being made on institution building. One of the beneficiaries of such investments has been the newly formed Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo. Soon after its establishment, this young court faced its first tough decision, namely a challenge to the President of the country regarding his alleged serious violation of the Constitution by holding posts as President of the country and Chairman of his party. In a highly controversial case, marred with procedural irregularities, judicial misconduct, lack of due process, human rights violations, regular media leaks, and behind-the-scenes international and domestic political influences on the Court, a split Court decided that the President had seriously violated the Constitution. This decision led to the President’s resignation, which caused a political imbalance that still lingers, further harming Kosovo’s long term interests and prospects. But more importantly, some argue that this marks the first case where a coup d’etat that took down a President was executed by a Constitutional Court. This paper argues that the Court should have dismissed the claim of the MPs as inadmissible on procedural grounds, specifically that it was filed by the MPs after the time permitted by law and that the MPs never maintained the number of 30 members that were needed for the group to be an authorized party. Additionally, even on the merits, the Court failed to distinguish between the constitutional requirement to not exercise a party function, which the President in this case did not do, but rather simply held the position in a suspended mode. Moreover, even had the President’s holding of the position amounted to a violation of the Constitution, in no way did that equate to a serious constitutional violation. Still, the Court held contrary to the Constitution, applicable laws, and the available evidence before it and found that the President had seriously violated the Constitution.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2013, 08; 56-77
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w procedurze impeachmentu w Korei Południowej
The role of the Constitutional Tribunal in the impeachment procedure in South Korea
Autorzy:
Siin, Choi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Constitutional Tribunal
South Korea
impeachment
decision
president
Opis:
The author describes the history and functioning of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Korea. The article also discusses the procedure of impeachment in the South Korean system since the adoption of the Constitution in 1948. The author focuses primarily on the development of Korean legislation regarding the above-mentioned impeachment procedure.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 2(62); 27-42
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The international trade policy in the american political system
Autorzy:
Ogrodniczuk, Malenia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
foreign trade
trade policy constitution
Congress
president
Opis:
United States foreign policy, including trade policy, is a complicated process, complex mechanism, with many institutions participating. There are many participants in the process of US foreign trade policy-making. The article focuses on the description of the most important players in the foreign trade policy game and their influence on the subject.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2015, 12; 159-172
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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