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Tytuł:
Węglowodory aromatyczne z pyłów zawieszonych w powietrzu regionu wielkomiejsko-przemysłowego—analiza jakościowa metodą GC-MS
Aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter collected in an industrial-urban region—qualitative analysis by GC-MS method
Autorzy:
Matuszewska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
pyły zawieszone w powietrzu
region przemysłowy
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
PAHs
związki aromatyczne
airborne particulate matter
industrial region
air pollution
heteroaromatics
Opis:
The GC-MS method was used for analysis of aromatic fraction components of organic pollutants isolated from airborne dust from industrial-urban region (Upper Silesia, Poland). The results of investigations have confirmed that composition of the analyzed pollutants in summer time were dominated by products of combustion of engine fuels. A series of two to five ring condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typical for this kind of pollution, was identified. Among the identified unsubstituted PAHs, fluoranthene and pyrene predominate being accompanied by other PAHs such as phenanthrene, cyclopenta(c)pyrene, benzo(c)- phenanthrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzofloranthenes, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, perylene, anthanthrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, dibenzopyrenes, coronene. The presence of these compounds and their relative concentrations have shown a distinct similarity with the results of obtained by other authors in studies on airborne dust from a different locality of the Upper Silesia. Concentrations of alkylsubstituted PAHs were found to be much lower than those of unsubstituded PAHs. This may indicate that the analyzed pollutions originate mainly during high-temperature pyrolytic processes or also partially secondary processes of oxidation and photolysis under conditions of summer light. It is a very important environmental problem because the secondary processes can result in distinct simultaneous changes of the bioactivity of organic air pollutions. Pyrene as well as fluoranthene dominate among unsubstituted PAHs in analyzed air pollutants. Thanks to this domination and high luminescence yield, pyrene, as well as its alkyl derivatives, were marked especially distinctly in the luminescence spectra, recorded here in a comparative analysis. GC-MS method made it also possible to identify low-polar heterocompounds containing oxygen and sulphur atoms. Among them, several groups of aromatic ether oxygen compounds (such as of the furane, xantene and chromene types) as well as a quinonic compound (antraquinone) were identified. These compounds may originate already during combustion process or in secondary processes in the air abound in oxidants of various type. In studies of complicated phenomena and numerous factors conditioning PAHs composition in air pollution it is necessary to use a great number of various analytical methods and techniques. The most effective seems to be a group of chromatographic methods, mainly capillary GC-MS one. The luminescence method, especially the synchronous technique, is also used here. The latter is, in turn, an effective method for a comparative characteristics of aromatic environmental pollutions.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geologiczny; 2010, 58, 1; 79-84
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seasonal variation of the elemental composition of particulate matter collected in a small town near Warszawa, Poland
Autorzy:
Samek, L.
Lankosz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147078.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air pollution
particulate matter
mass concentrations
elemental concentrations
EDXRF
Opis:
Four seasonal sampling campaigns successively in April, July, September 2008 and February 2009 took place at Świder, a town located to the south-east of Warszawa, Poland. Three particle size fractions of particulate matter were collected by a NILU (The Norwegian Institute for Air Protection, Norway) sampler. The following elements were determined by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method: K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb. The highest mean mass concentrations in fine and medium fractions were observed in April 2008 and February 2009. For a coarse fraction, the highest values of mass concentrations were observed in April and September 2008. Ca, Mn and Fe existed mainly in the coarse fraction. These elements probably came from the southern direction. Zn was divided between three fractions equally. In February 2009 the highest Zn concentrations were observed in the medium fraction. Pb existed mainly in the fine and medium fractions. The highest values of Pb concentrations were observed in February 2009. Bromium existed in the fine fraction. Correlations were observed between Ca, Mn and Fe concentrations. Correlation factors were about 0.8 for the coarse fraction. For other analyzed elements, the correlation coefficients were small. Basing on the backward trajectories and elemental concentrations of particulate matter (PM), it was confirmed that in winter the main influence on air quality is caused by pollution coming from coal combustion in local houses, heat and power plants working in urban areas. In summer the main influence on air quality is caused by pollution from sources in rural cultivable areas. The improvement of air quality is possible by decreasing the emission, using coal with a small level of harmful compounds and whole elimination of plant preventive agents and using fertilizers with a small content of unwanted elements.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 1; 57-64
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Source apportionment of the PM10 fraction of particulate matter collected in Kraków, Poland
Autorzy:
Samek, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air pollution
energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)
elemental concentration
particulate matter
statistical analyses
PCA - principal component factor analysis
MLRA - multilinear regression analysis
Opis:
Samples of PM10 fraction of air particulates were collected during the winter of 2010 at two different sites in the City of Kraków, Poland. One site was located nearby a steel mill (Nowa Huta district) and the second one was situated at a distance of 10 km from the first site (Krowodrza district). The measured mass concentrations of PM10 fraction were in the range of 33 to 358 μg/m3. They exceeded the permissible daily limit value of 50 μg/m3. The Voivodship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Kraków was in charge of collecting samples as well as determining mass concentrations. Assessment of elemental concentrations and statistical analyses were performed at the University of Science and Technology in Kraków. Mean concentrations of Ti, Cu, Br and Pb were almost the same at both sites, while those of K, Ca and Zn were two times higher at Nowa Huta than at Krowodrza. Cr, Mn and Fe mass concentrations were also higher at Nowa Huta site; the values were a factor of three higher for Cr and Mn and factor of four for Fe. Factor analysis (FA) and multilinear regression analysis (MLRA) were used to determine source contributions to ambient PM10. The measurements were based on PM10 composition data which included elemental concentrations. Local combustion, industry and other, not identified sources, such as secondary aerosols, were the factors that highly contributed to the pollution of PM10 during winter time. For the site at Nowa Huta 53.1% of pollution was attributable to combustion and traffic, 28.5% was due to industry and wood combustion, and 18.3% were not identified. For the Krowodrza site, industry and wood combustion contributed 46.1%, combustion and traffic 50.4% and other, not identified sources 3.5% of the total PM10. Examination of meteorological data suggested that the concentration of potassium was inversely proportional to ambient air temperature at both sites. A wood combustion was identified as possible source of potassium in PM10.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 601-606
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Masowy rozkład pierwiastków w próbkach pyłu zawieszonego pobranych w obszarze tła miejskiego: wyniki ośmiomiesięcznych badań w Zabrzu
Mass Size Distribution of PM-bound Elements at an Urban Background Site: Results of an Eight-month Study in Zabrze
Autorzy:
Rogula-Kozłowska, W.
Klejnowski, K.
Rogula-Kopiec, P.
Błaszczak, B.
Mathews, B.
Szopa, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
rozkład pierwiastków
próbki pyłu
particulate air-pollution
trace elements
source identification
atmospheric aerosol
fine particles
heavy metals
source apportionment
Opis:
The analysis of elemental composition of ambient dust can help not only evaluate the environmental and health effects due to the air pollution but also identify emission sources. However, the whole number of projects and studies on concentrations and elemental composition of ambient (especially fine) dust hardly concern these issues in Eastern Europe. Neither is the chemical (and elemental) composition of the submicron ambient dust in Poland well recognized. There is also a shortage of data from long-term and parallel studies of the elemental composition of separate dust fractions. In the heavily polluted areas, the elemental composition of atmospheric aerosol and the dependence of elemental composition of particles on their size can appear essential for analyzing the toxicity of dust and its environmental effects. This study presents the results of determination and comparison of the elemental composition of four fractions of ambient dust in Zabrze (Poland), an urban area typical of the exposure of the Upper-Silesian Agglomeration population to the polluted air. The samples of the four dust fractions (fine: ≤1 µm – PM1, 1–2.5 µm – PM1-2.5, coarse: 2.5–10 µm – PM2.5-10, and 10–40 µm – PM10-40,) were collected during eight months (January–August 2009) with the use of a DEKATI-PM10 cascade impactor. All the dust samples (204 samples) were analyzed using a PANalytical Epsilon 5 spectrometer (EDXRF – energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy). The minimum, maximum and average concentrations, for winter (January–April, heating season) and summer (May–August, non-heating season), of 38 elements from each of the four examined dust fractions were calculated. The influence of anthropogenic sources on the ambient concentrations of elements from each dust fraction was determined by analyzing the enrichment factors (EF). The strength of linear relationships (Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients) between each pair of elements was determined separately for fine and coarse dust. The highest ambient concentrations were assumed by two nonmetals – sulfur and chlorine; their concentrations were significantly lower in summer than in winter. Both sulfur and chlorine were mainly bound onto the finest particles. Their share in the coarse dust, even in summer, was small. They came from anthropogenic sources. Ambient, typical crustal, Si, Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ca, Ti, Sr, Rb in Zabrze came from natural sources regardless of the fraction they were bound to. Small seasonal variations in ambient concentrations of these elements or some of the concentrations higher in summer than in winter confirmed the fact. A significant portion of the mass of the crustal elements, especially of Al, Si and Fe, was concentrated in the coarse fractions. However, the mass distribution among the dust fractions indicates some of them (K, Ca, Mg, Rb, Sr) as coming partly from anthropogenic sources. It particularly concerns their part bound to fine dust in winter. The mass contribution of crustal matter to ambient dust was about 6.8 in winter and 9.7% in summer; the contribution to PM1 was half of it. Almost all remaining 27 elements (except for Mn, Zn, Ge, Sb, La) had the ambient concentrations not greater than 100 ng m-3, usually higher in winter. The average mass shares of each of these 27 elements in PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10-40, were different and depended on the season of a year. Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and As were cumulated mostly in fine dust, while V, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Ag, Cd and Ba in coarse dust. The former, in fine dust, were assumed to be rather of anthropogenic origin and closely associated with combustion. The later originated partly from combustion (especially in winter) but their greater part was secondary and came from road dust. The largest contributors to the mass of the elements in fine dust in Zabrze are domestic furnaces and car engines, i.e. combustion of fossil fuels, biomass, and waste. The possible effect of industrial sources was also identified. The elemental composition of coarse dust is due to re-suspension of soil and road dust, and to a lesser extent, to municipal emission.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 2; 1022-1040
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przydatność wybranych gatunków lip (Tilia sp.) do fitoremediacji powietrza z zanieczyszczeń pyłowych
The usefulness of selected linden species (Tilia sp.) for phytoremediation of airborne particulate matter
Autorzy:
Sadowiec, K. J.
Gawroński, S. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
mikrocząsteczki
Tilia
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
zieleń miejska
air pollution
particulate matter
urban forest
Opis:
Rozwijające się urbanizacja, transport i przemysł są źródłem zanieczyszczeń mikropyłowych, które wpływają na pogorszenie jakości powietrza i stanowią zagrożenie dla zdrowia mieszkańców. Drzewa są coraz bardziej doceniane jako naturalne filtry powietrza oczyszczające je z zanieczyszczeń mikropyłowych. Lipy to drzewa bardzo często spotykane w miastach, zarówno w parkach, jak i przy ulicach naszej strefy klimatycznej. W niniejszej pracy porównano wybrane gatunki i odmiany lip, różniące się wyglądem i wymaganiami pod względem ich zdolności do akumulacji zanieczyszczeń mikropyłowych. W doświadczeniach sprawdzano ilość pyłów o średnicy aerodynamicznej cząstek 10−100 μm, 2,5−10 μm oraz 0,2−2,5 μm, jakie zgromadziły się na powierzchni liści i w woskach. Najlepszym fitoremediantem okazała się Tilia cordata Mill. (lipa drobnolistna). Liście lipy holenderskiej „Pallida” również bardzo dobrze gromadziły zanieczyszczenia.
Progressing urbanization, development of transport and industry are the sources of particulate matter, which decrease air quality and pose a threat to human health. Plants are the only natural organizm to clean the air. Trees are more and more appreciated as natural air filters that remove particulate matter. Linden are very common in cites, in parks and even near streets in our climatic zone. In this paper, selected species of linden were compared in order to determine their ability to accumulate particulate matter. These linden trees have different morphology and requirements. The accumulation of particulate matter of the size: 10–100 μm, 2.5–10 μm and 0.2–2.5 μm was analysed within this study. Tilia cordata turned out to be the best phytoremediant. Tilia × Europe „Pallida” was also very good in accumulating particulate matter on its leaves.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2013, 13, 3; 131-148
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ emisji komunikacyjnej na stężenie dwóch form węgla i rozkład ich masy względem wielkości cząstek w aerozolu atmosferycznym obszaru miejskiego
Influence of Vehicular Traffic on Ambient Concentration and Mass Size Distribution of Two Fractions of Carbon in an Urban Area Atmospheric Aerosol
Autorzy:
Rogula-Kozłowska, W.
Rogula-Kopiec, P.
Klejnowski, K.
Błaszczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
obszar miejski
emisja komunikacyjna
particulate air-pollution
diesel exhaust particles
chemical composition
elemental carbon
organic carbon
road
vehicles
matter
Opis:
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a component of the natural environment and a certain number of particles that varies with time, having many different properties which also change over time, is constantly present in the air. It can be assumed that the scope of environmental effects of PM is the broadest among all air pollutants: it affects the human health, climate, ecological conditions and visibility. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are the two most important components of suspended dust. The continuously increasing road traffic intensity is highly correlated with increasing concentrations of both of these components in the air of urbanized areas all over the world. In spite of this, the amount of data on OC and EC concentrations in Poland is still insufficient, especially in the case of areas located close to busy roads. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of vehicular traffic on ambient concentrations of PM-related OC and EC, and their mass size distribution in a typical urban area of the Upper Silesia. PM samples were collected simultaneously at two sites located in the Katowice city. One of the selected measurement points was situated in the city centre and characterized so-called urban background. The second measurement point, located near the A4 motorway, was in the area directly exposed to the influence of traffic emission. Dust was sampled during two measurement periods (2–10 August and 15–22 September 2011) using thirteen-stage impactors – DEKATI Ltd. (DLPI, Dekati Low Pressure Impactor). Analysis for the content of OC and EC in the collected dust samples was carried out by means of a thermo-optical method with the use of a Sunset Laboratory OC/EC carbon analyzer. During the entire measurement program strict adherence to the rigorous requirements for quality control of the obtained results was ensured. Concentrations of PM1-, PM2.5- and PM10-related OC and EC in Katowice, near the A4 motorway, were close to values obtained in other parts of the world in different measurement periods, at traffic sites of similar characteristics. Also values of the concentration ratio of OC bound to PM10 and PM2,5 (or PM2,5) were similar to quantities determined in different locations. In Katowice, due to municipal emission and poor quality of vehicles travelling the roads, also the coarse fraction of dust was enriched in EC. This situation is unusual in comparison to other regions. The effect of emission from engines of the cars travelling the motorway manifested itself mainly by elevated EC concentrations compared to the urban background site. For TSP the EC concentration was higher, five times in the beginning of August and two times in the second half of September. The largest differences between EC concentrations in the location near the motorway and in the urban background area were observed for the PM0.06–0.108, PM0.108–0.17 and PM0.17–0.26 fractions. In both measurement periods, at the traffic site in Katowice, the maxima of mass size distribution of EC were in the diameter range characteristic for soot emitted from Diesel engines (0.108–0.26µm). The fact that the influence of exhaust emission from vehicles travelling the motorway on EC concentrations was more pronounced in the second half of September than in the first half of August, was caused by larger EC emission from various sources in Katowice during the period following summer holidays. Concentrations of organic carbon bound to TSP in both measurement periods in Katowice was only 10% higher in the urban traffic site than in the urban background site. The largest differences between OC concentrations near the motorway and in the urban background are observed in the ranges 0.06–0.17 and 1.0–2.5 µm. Maxima of the mass size distribution of PM-related OC, both at the urban traffic site and at the background site, were similar in both measurement periods. It was inferred that the small differences between OC concentrations in the traffic and the background site are caused by the process of secondary aerosol formation, less intensive near the motorway than in the urban site.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 2; 1623-1644
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ stężeń pyłów (PM1, PM2,5, PM10) w środowisku wewnątrz szkoły na wartości wskaźników spirometrycznych u dzieci
Influence of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 Concentrations in Indoor School Environment on Spirometric Parameters in Schoolchildren
Autorzy:
Zwoździak, A.
Sówka, I.
Fortuna, M.
Balińska-Miśkiewicz, W.
Willak-Janc, E.
Zwoździak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
wskaźniki spirometryczne
stężenie pyłów
ambient air pollution
lung-function
cardiopulmonary mortality
particulate matter
children
exposure
association
particles
panel
fine
Opis:
The influence of the aerosols particles on the lung function was investigated by the measurements of lung function parameters in children at secondary school located in the centre of city Wroclaw (south – west of Poland). Simultaneous daily indoor and outdoor measurements of PM1, PM2,5, PM10 have been conducted with the use of Harvard cascade impactors (MS&T Area Samplers). In the study 186 children age 13–14 yrs underwent repeated spirometry (Blue Spiro) at the same time of day, 5 times during the winter/spring (heating season) and 5 times in summer/autumn. Exposure to indoor fine particulate matter PM2,5 significantly worseness FEV1 in the lung function of secondary school children (Pearson correlation: median versus indoor PM2,5, r = -0,95; p < 0.05). Correlation of the lung function parameters with other particles PM1, PM10 measured indoor and outdoor were not statistically significant. PM2.5 measured outdoor was also not significantly correlated with lung function parameters. Considerable effort should be made to improve ambient air quality. Especially there is a need to measure and control the fine particulate matter PM2,5 in winter as it has the highest impact on lung function in children.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2022-2038
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of catalysts on emissions of pollutants from combustion processes of liquid fuels
Wpływ katalizatorów na emisję zanieczyszczeń z procesów spalania paliw ciekłych
Autorzy:
Bok, A.
Guziałowska-Tic, J.
Tic, W. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/396265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
air pollution
environmental protection
emission of pollutants
metallic catalyst
particulate matter
soot
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
ochrona środowiska
emisja zanieczyszczeń
katalizator
pyły
sadza
Opis:
The dynamic growth of the use of non-renewable fuels for energy purposes results in demand for catalysts to improve their combustion process. The paper describes catalysts used mainly in the processes of combustion of motor fuels and fuel oils. These catalysts make it possible to raise the efficiency of oxidation processes simultanously reducing the emission of pollutants. The key to success is the selection of catalyst compounds that will reduce harmful emissions of combustion products into the atmosphere. Catalysts are introduced into the combustion zone in form of solutions miscible with fuel or with air supplied to the combustion process. The following compounds soluble in fuel are inclused in the composition of the described catalysts: organometallic complexes, manganese compounds, salts originated from organic acids, ferrocen and its derivatives and sodium chloride and magnesium chloride responsible for burning the soot (chlorides). The priority is to minimize emissions of volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, and carbon monoxide, as well as particulate matter.
Dynamiczny wzrost stosowania paliw nieodnawialnych dla celów energetycznych powoduje zapotrzebowanie na katalizatory poprawiające proces ich spalania. W pracy omówiono katalizatory stosowane głównie w procesach spalania paliw silnikowych i olejów opałowych. Katalizatory te pozwalają na podniesienie efektywności procesów utleniania powodując tym samym redukcję emisji zanieczyszczeń. Kluczem do sukcesu jest taki dobór składników katalizatora, który zapewni ograniczenie emisji szkodliwych produktów spalania do atmosfery. Katalizatory wprowadzane są do strefy spalania jako roztwory mieszające się z paliwem, lub do powietrza dostarczanego do procesu spalania. W skład omawianych katalizatorów wchodzą rozpuszczalne w paliwie: kompleksy metaloorganiczne, związki manganu, sole kwasów organicznych, ferrocen i jego pochodne oraz chlorek sodu i chlorek magnezu odpowiedzialne za spalanie sadzy. Priorytetem jest minimalizacja emisji lotnych związków organicznych, tlenków azotu, tlenków siarki i tlenku węgla oraz cząstek stałych.
Źródło:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2014, 13; 5-17
2080-5187
2450-8594
Pojawia się w:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of X-ray fluorescence method for elemental analysis of PM2.5 fraction
Autorzy:
Samek, L.
Furman, L.
Kawik, T.
Welnogorska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air pollution
energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)
elemental analysis
particulate matter
Opis:
The scientific interest in air pollution comes from its influence on human health, the condition of cultural heritage and climate. The PM2.5 fraction (particles of a diameter of 2.5 mm or below), indirectly, has a significant impact on health which is associated with respiratory tract and blood vessel related diseases. However, not only the size, but also the content of the particles has a significant meaning. To determine the particulate matter contents, elemental analysis can be performed using numerous techniques, the most important of which is X-ray fluorescence. In this study, samples of PM2.5 fraction collected in Krakow, Poland were analyzed. The X-ray fluorescence method was used to perform elemental analysis. The gravimetric method was applied to determine the concentration of the PM2.5 fraction. Low detection limits of individual elements and precision of the X-ray fluorescence method were determined. The concentrations of the following elements: Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb in the PM2.5 fraction samples collected in Krakow were evaluated. The homogeneity of the samples was also estimated. The concentrations of PM2.5 fraction collected in the summer of 2013 were in the range of 6–23 ng/m3. The concentrations of PM2.5 fraction collected in the winter of 2013 were in the range of 26–171 ng/m3. The precision of the method was found to be below 1% for elements with high concentration in the sample and 6–8 % for trace elements.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 3, part 2; 621-626
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena wpływu operacji lądowania samolotu pasażerskiego na stężenie cząstek stałych w pobliżu lotniska
Assessment of the impact of passenger aircraft landing operation on particulate matter concentration near airport
Autorzy:
Pielecha, J.
Jasiński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/252318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
cząstki stałe
lądowanie
samolot
lotnisko
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
particulate matter
landing
plane
airport
air pollution
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie emisji cząstek stałych z samolotów pasażerskich i ich wpływ na zanieczyszczenie powietrza w pobliżu portu lotniczego. Niedostateczne dane na temat stężenia liczbowego cząstek stałych z silników lotniczych wymusiły prace nad szczegółowym rozpoznaniem wielkości zanieczyszczenia powietrza w pobliżu lotnisk. Badania przeprowadzono na obszarze przyległym do portu lotniczego Poznań-Ławica. Pomiar stężenia cząstek stałych wykonano czterokrotnie w trakcie lądowania statków powietrznych wyposażonych w silniki odrzutowe. Analizie podlegało całkowite stężenie liczbowe oraz rozkład wymiarowy cząstek stałych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono kilkudziesięciokrotny wzrost wartości stężenia liczbowego cząstek stałych w powietrzu, spowodowany operacją lądowania pojedynczego statku powietrznego. Otrzymane charakterystyki pozwoliły stwierdzić, że wśród cząstek stałych emitowanych w fazie lądowania samolotu pasażerskiego dominują cząstki o średnicach z zakresu 5–20 nm.
The paper presents the issue of particulate matter emissions from passenger aircraft and their impact on air pollution near the airport. The study was conducted in an area adjacent to the airport Poznan-Lawica. The measurement of particle concentration was performed four times during landing aircrafts equipped with jet engines. The main subject of analysis were total concentration and size distribution of particulate matters. Based on the survey was found several dozen fold increase in the concentration of particles in the air, caused by the operation of a single aircraft landing. Obtained characteristics showed that during stage of landing the particles with diameters of 5–20 nm are dominating.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2015, 12; 1209-1213, CD
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Outdoor particulate matter (PM) and associated cardiovascular diseases in the Middle East
Autorzy:
Nasser, Zeina
Salameh, Pascale
Nasser, Wissam
Abou Abbas, Linda
Elias, Elias
Leveque, Alain
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-25
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
air pollution
particulate matter
PM2.5
PM10
cardiovascular diseases
Middle East
Opis:
Air pollution is a widespread environmental concern. Considerable epidemiological evidence indicates air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the developed countries. The main objective of our review is to assess the levels and sources of PM across the Middle East area and to search evidence for the relationship between PM exposure and CVD. An extensive review of the published literature pertaining to the subject (2000–2013) was conducted using PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar databases. We reveal that low utilization of public transport, ageing vehicle fleet and the increasing number of personal cars in the developing countries all contribute to the traffic congestion and aggravate the pollution problem. The annual average values of PM pollutants in the Middle East region are much higher than the World Health Organization 2006 guidelines (PM2.5 = 10 μg/m³, PM10 = 20 μg/m³). We uncover evidence on the association between PM and CVD in 4 Middle East countries: Iran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The findings are in light of the international figures. Ambient PM pollution is considered a potential risk factor for platelet activation and atherosclerosis and has been found to be linked with an increased risk for mortality and hospital admissions due to CVD. This review highlights the importance of developing a strategy to improve air quality and reduce outdoor air pollution in the developing countries, particularly in the Middle East. Future studies should weigh the potential impact of PM on the overall burden of cardiac diseases.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 4; 641-661
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza rozkładu stężeń pyłu zawieszonego frakcji PM10, PM2,5 i PM1,0 na różnych wysokościach Mostu Gdańskiego
Analysis of Concentrations of Particulate Matter PM10, PM2,5 and PM1,0 at Different Heights of the Gdański Bridge
Autorzy:
Kuskowska, K.
Dmochowski, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/137094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
Tematy:
pył zawieszony
liniowa emisja zanieczyszczeń
particulate matter
linear emission of pollution
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań pyłów zawieszonych w miejskim powietrzu atmosferycznym, przeprowadzonych w obrębie Mostu Gdańskiego – jednego z ciągów komunikacyjnych łączących prawo- i lewobrzeżną Warszawę. Celem badań było dokonanie analizy wpływu wytypowanych liniowych źródeł zanieczyszczenia na jakość powietrza w tym rejonie Warszawy. Badania przeprowadzono na trzech wysokościach: na Wisłostradzie, przy torach tramwajowych Mostu Gdańskiego, około 4 m od jezdni Wisłostrady, oraz przy jezdni Mostu Gdańskiego, tj. na wysokości około 9 m od jezdni Wisłostrady. Otrzymane wyniki zaprezentowano w postaci wykresów i tabel, w których przedstawiono oddziaływanie transportu na jakość powietrza, a tym samym na poziom bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego w rejonie Mostu Gdańskiego.
The paper presents the results of the research concerning the dust from the linear sources of pollution emitted on the Gdanski Bridge – one of the bridges of Warsaw agglomeration. It is a route often frequented by drivers and place enjoyed by the citizens of Warsaw for recreational purposes. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of linear sources of pollution on quality of air in the region. The study was performed in 3 heights: the Wislostrada, the tram tracks of the Gdanski bridge and the road of the Gdanski bridge. The results are presented in the graphs and tables showing the impact of transport on air quality and thereby on the level of ecological safety in this region.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej; 2016, 3, 59; 101-119
0239-5223
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of particulate matter (PM) and nitric oxides (NOx) on human health and an analysis of selected sources accounting for their emission in Poland
Autorzy:
Krzeszowiak, Jakub
Stefanow, Damian
Pawlas, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/767079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
air pollution
human health
nitric oxides
particulate matter
Opis:
Introduction and objective: This paper is concerned with the harmful impact of nitric oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) on humans. The objective was to determine which source of emission is the most urgent in terms of its reduction.Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: In published epidemiological studies multiple notifications indicating the harmful impact of particulate matter on human health can be found. The harmful impact is underscored by the increase in the number of hospitalisations owing to diseases of respiratory and cardio-vascular systems, as well as by the rise in general fatality rate. The analysis of the PM impact on the human body is prompted by the fact that its detrimental effects are not clearly defined. Additionally, nitric oxides contribute to the increased number of exacerbations of respiratory disease and are a factor increasing susceptibility to development of local inflammation. Conclusions: The following study is meant to show that the air pollution which derives from vehicles (NOx and PM) has a significant impact on human health. This applies particularly to residents of cities and big towns. This issue has gained special importance in Poland. According to the data from the Central Statistical Office, the increasing number of vehicles in use and their age lead to increased emission of the pollutants considered.
Źródło:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine; 2016, 19, 3; 7-15
1505-7054
2084-6312
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low-Carbon Economy in the Municipality of Sucha Beskidzka
Autorzy:
Petryk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
low emission
low-carbon economy
boilers
air pollution
particulate matter
Opis:
The paper presents an analysis of proecological activities undertaken by the management of the Municipality of Sucha Beskidzka. The activities aimed at limiting the low emission and, consequently, at introducing low-carbon economy in the area. The municipality is determined to phase out the burning of fossil fuels and replace it with cleaner and safer energy sources, which is supposed to contribute to the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter emissions and air pollution. In order to combat the problem of low emission, the municipality developed a Low Emission Reduction Programme (LERP) in 2014. The town of Sucha Beskidzka also participates in the Life Program and as part of it, an eco-adviser has been employed. The implementation of LERP has been reflected in the Area Development Plan of the municipality. The actions taken by the local government to protect air are effective. The Municipality of Sucha Beskidzka was one of the two municipalities in the entire Malopolska province which fully implemented the Air Protection Program for the years 2013–2015. In the years 2014–2016 as many as 103 buildings underwent thermo-modernization. In 2016 RES (solar installations) were installed in 402 detached houses. In the period 2014–2016, 1055 coal boilers were dismantled and replaced by gas boilers or class 5 boilers.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 5; 144-150
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mortality for chronic-degenerative diseases in Tuscany: Ecological study comparing neighboring areas with substantial differences in environmental pollution
Autorzy:
Marabotti, Claudio
Piaggi, Paolo
Scarsi, Paolo
Venturini, Elio
Cecchi, Romina
Pingitore, Alessandro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161911.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-19
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
heavy metals
particulate matters
environmental pollution
mesothelioma
ischemic heart disease
neurologic degenerative diseases
Opis:
Objectives Environmental pollution is associated with morbidity and mortality for chronic-degenerative diseases. Recent data points out a relationship between proximity to industrial plants and mortality due to neoplasms. The aim of this study has been to compare mortality due to chronic-degenerative diseases in the area of Tuscany (Bassa Val di Cecina), Italy, characterized by the presence of 2 neighboring municipalities similar in terms of size but with substantial differences in industrial activities: Rosignano (the site of chemical, energy production and waste processing industries) and Cecina (with no polluting activity). Material and Methods Standardized mortality rates for the 2001–2010 decade were calculated; the data of the whole Tuscany was assumed as reference. Environmental levels of pollutants were obtained by databases of the Environmental Protection Agency of Tuscany Region (Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale della Toscana – ARPAT). Maximum tolerated pollutant levels set by national laws were assumed as reference. Results In the whole Bassa Val di Cecina, significantly elevated standardized mortality rates due to mesothelioma, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and Alzheimer and other degenerative diseases of nervous system were observed. In the municipality of Rosignano, a significant excess of mortality for all these groups of diseases was confirmed. On the contrary, the municipality of Cecina showed only significantly higher mortality rates for ischemic heart diseases. Elevated levels of heavy metals in sea water and of particulate matter which contains particles of diameter ≤ 10 mm (PM₁₀) and ozone in air were detected in Rosignano. Conclusions This study shows an excess of mortality for chronic-degenerative diseases in the area with elevated concentration of polluting factories. Proximity to industrial plants seems to represent a risk factor for those diseases. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(4):641–653
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2017, 30, 4; 641-653
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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