Samples of PM10 fraction of air particulates were collected during the winter of 2010 at two different sites
in the City of Kraków, Poland. One site was located nearby a steel mill (Nowa Huta district) and the second one was
situated at a distance of 10 km from the first site (Krowodrza district). The measured mass concentrations of PM10
fraction were in the range of 33 to 358 μg/m3. They exceeded the permissible daily limit value of 50 μg/m3. The Voivodship
Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Kraków was in charge of collecting samples as well as determining
mass concentrations. Assessment of elemental concentrations and statistical analyses were performed at the University
of Science and Technology in Kraków. Mean concentrations of Ti, Cu, Br and Pb were almost the same at both sites,
while those of K, Ca and Zn were two times higher at Nowa Huta than at Krowodrza. Cr, Mn and Fe mass concentrations
were also higher at Nowa Huta site; the values were a factor of three higher for Cr and Mn and factor of four for
Fe. Factor analysis (FA) and multilinear regression analysis (MLRA) were used to determine source contributions to
ambient PM10. The measurements were based on PM10 composition data which included elemental concentrations.
Local combustion, industry and other, not identified sources, such as secondary aerosols, were the factors that highly
contributed to the pollution of PM10 during winter time. For the site at Nowa Huta 53.1% of pollution was attributable
to combustion and traffic, 28.5% was due to industry and wood combustion, and 18.3% were not identified. For
the Krowodrza site, industry and wood combustion contributed 46.1%, combustion and traffic 50.4% and other, not
identified sources 3.5% of the total PM10. Examination of meteorological data suggested that the concentration of
potassium was inversely proportional to ambient air temperature at both sites. A wood combustion was identified
as possible source of potassium in PM10.
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