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Tytuł:
Wpływ stężeń pyłów (PM1, PM2,5, PM10) w środowisku wewnątrz szkoły na wartości wskaźników spirometrycznych u dzieci
Influence of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 Concentrations in Indoor School Environment on Spirometric Parameters in Schoolchildren
Autorzy:
Zwoździak, A.
Sówka, I.
Fortuna, M.
Balińska-Miśkiewicz, W.
Willak-Janc, E.
Zwoździak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
wskaźniki spirometryczne
stężenie pyłów
ambient air pollution
lung-function
cardiopulmonary mortality
particulate matter
children
exposure
association
particles
panel
fine
Opis:
The influence of the aerosols particles on the lung function was investigated by the measurements of lung function parameters in children at secondary school located in the centre of city Wroclaw (south – west of Poland). Simultaneous daily indoor and outdoor measurements of PM1, PM2,5, PM10 have been conducted with the use of Harvard cascade impactors (MS&T Area Samplers). In the study 186 children age 13–14 yrs underwent repeated spirometry (Blue Spiro) at the same time of day, 5 times during the winter/spring (heating season) and 5 times in summer/autumn. Exposure to indoor fine particulate matter PM2,5 significantly worseness FEV1 in the lung function of secondary school children (Pearson correlation: median versus indoor PM2,5, r = -0,95; p < 0.05). Correlation of the lung function parameters with other particles PM1, PM10 measured indoor and outdoor were not statistically significant. PM2.5 measured outdoor was also not significantly correlated with lung function parameters. Considerable effort should be made to improve ambient air quality. Especially there is a need to measure and control the fine particulate matter PM2,5 in winter as it has the highest impact on lung function in children.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2022-2038
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Bound on Particulate Matter
Ocena ryzyka dla zdrowia ludzkiego w odniesieniu do metali ciężkich związanych z materią cząstek stałych
Autorzy:
Zmijkova, D.
Koliba, M.
Raclavsky, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/318520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
Tematy:
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
pył zawieszony PM10
metale ciężkie
wielkość zagrożenia
indeks zagrożeń
air pollution
particulate matter PM10
heavy metals
hazard quotient
hazard index
cancer risk
pollution load index
Opis:
The samples of particulate matter (PM10) were collected at five sampling sites of various character situated in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic). Concentrations of heavy metals bound to particulate matter were determined by the method of ICP – optical emission spectroscopy. The contamination of heavy metals was expressed as the pollution load index – PLI. Human health risk assessment was performed by U.S. EPA method – using the hazard quotient – HQ, hazard index – HI, and excess lifetime cancer risk – ELCR. The pollution and resulting carcinogenic risks increase during the winter season. The potential non-carcinogenic risks are not significant.
Próbki pyłu zawieszonego (PM10) zebrano w pięciu miejscach o różnym charakterze w regionie Morawskośląskim (Republika Czeska). Stężenie metali ciężkich związanych z cząstkami stałymi oznaczano metodą ICP - optycznej spektroskopii emisyjnej. Zanieczyszczenie metalami ciężkimi zostało wyrażone jako wskaźnik obciążenia zanieczyszczeniem - PLI. Ocenę ryzyka dla zdrowia ludzkiego przeprowadzono metodą US EPA - z wykorzystaniem ilorazu zagrożenia - HQ, wskaźnika zagrożenia - HI i zwiększenia ryzyka wystąpienia raka w całym okresie życia - ELCR. Zanieczyszczenie i związane z tym ryzyko rako-twórczości zwiększa się w sezonie zimowym. Potencjalne zagrożenie nierakotwórcze nie jest znaczące.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Mineralna; 2018, R. 19, nr 1, 1; 93-98
1640-4920
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Mineralna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Temporal Variability of Air Pollutants’ Emissions – Case Study of Residential PM10 Emission in Silesian Metropolis
Autorzy:
Zasina, Damian
Zawadzki, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2064290.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
air pollution
emission inventory
particulate matter
PM10
temporal distribution
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
inwentaryzacja emisji
pył zawieszony
rozkład czasowy
Opis:
The paper summarizes previous studies associated with carrying out of the air pollutant emission inventories. There are presented three approaches for obtaining monthly distribution of PM10 air emission: using expert’s judgement, modelling of the heating demand, and temporal disaggregation using the heating degree days (HDD). However some differences due to not considering hot water demand, it can be effectively used for obtaining temporal, and spatiotemporal distributions of air pollutants’ air emissions necessary for air quality modelling.
Źródło:
New Trends in Production Engineering; 2020, 3, 1; 21--29
2545-2843
Pojawia się w:
New Trends in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza w miastach w aspekcie ruchu samochodowego
Air pollution in cities in the aspect of car traffic
Autorzy:
Wojtal, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/192853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej
Tematy:
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
smog
pyły zawieszone
ruch drogowy
air pollution
particulate matters
road traffic
Opis:
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza w miastach jest odczuwalnym problemem, zwłaszcza w porze jesienno-zimowej. Szkodliwe związki, takie jak tlenki węgla, azotu oraz pyły zawieszone PM10 i PM2.5 emitowane są przez różne źródła: punktowe i liniowe, a jednym z nich jest nadmierny ruch samochodowy. Pomimo tego, iż pojazdy spalinowe emitują głównie tlenki, to ich wzrastająca liczba powoduje, iż udział w zanieczyszczeniu powietrza pyłami również jest istotny.
Air pollution in the cities has become a significant problem, especially in the autumn and winter seasons. Harmful compounds such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 are emitted by different sources, and one of them is excessive road traffic. Although the combustion vehicles emit mainly oxides, their increasing number resultes with significant impact on the share in air pollution by particle matter.
Źródło:
Transport Miejski i Regionalny; 2018, 1; 12-17
1732-5153
Pojawia się w:
Transport Miejski i Regionalny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność stężeń pyłu zawieszonego PM10 w powietrzu na terenie Krościenka nad Dunajcem w latach 2018-2022
Variability of PM10 particulate matter concentrations in the area of Krościenko nad Dunajcem in the years 2018-2022
Autorzy:
Wierzbińska, Monika
Kozak, Janusz
Zając, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16539557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Bielsko-Bialski
Tematy:
pył zawieszony PM10
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
Krościenko nad Dunajcem
particulate matter PM10
air pollution
Opis:
Frequent exceedances of permissible PM10 concentrations occur mainly during the so-called heating season and are readily noticed not only by environmental protection specialists but al-so by residents; they are also wildly discussed in the mass media. If the state of elevated concentrations persists for at least several hours, it is generally referred to as smog. The duration of smog can range from several hours to several days, causing an increase in morbidity and in the number of deaths. The paper presents the air-sanitary situation in Krościenko nad Dunajcem using the air quality indicator as the concentration of particulate matter PM10. Krościenko is a Carpathian town located in the valley of the Dunajec river. Such a topo-climatic location is conducive to the occurrence of frequent temperature inversions, stagnant cold air and poor ventilation, which results in the concentration of local emissions mainly from domestic boilers. The research period covered the years 2018-2022 of continuous daily D24 PM10 measurements. Preliminary comparisons of annual concentrations with selected cities located in mountainous and foothill areas of southern Poland indicated the aerosanitary problem of Krościenko. In all analyzed years, the daily norms were exceeded from 46 days in 2022 to 91 days in 2018. This situation occurs as a result of the low-stack emission during the heating period and the poor topoclimatic conditions in Krościenko. However, there is a visible downward trend in concentrations over the analyzed period, which may have resulted from the gradual reduction of the use of fossil fuels.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering; 2023, 5(25); 14-22
2720-1252
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of the health risk associated with exposure to heavy metals present in particulate matter deposition in the Małopolska Province
Autorzy:
Wieczorek, Jerzy
Baran, Agnieszka
Pawlik, Ewa
Mądro, Izabela
Gąsienica, Anna
Wojtaszek, Iwona
Antonkiewicz, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
air pollution
particulate matter deposition
heavy metals
health risk assessment
Opis:
The aim of the study was to investigate the content of trace elements in deposited particulate matter and to estimate the health risk to Kraków inhabitants, caused by the exposure to heavy metals in particulate matter deposition. The qualitative and quantitative assessments of selected heavy metals in deposited particulate matter have been carried out in the city of Kraków (Małopolska, southern Poland, 5 measuring points) for seven months, between February and September 2017. A comparative study was conducted at the same time in Małopolska (5 measuring points). The deposited particulate matter was collected gravitationally, using measurement plates covered with aluminum foil and paraffin jelly. The largest deposition of particulate matter was found in May and June. The highest amount of deposited particulate matter and metals present in it was determined in Kraków. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) evaluation for non-carcinogenic effect showed low risk for each metal. In the case of lead in particulate matter, the carcinogenic risk value did not reach 10−6 hence this risk is acceptable. The total carcinogenic risk for all routes of exposure to cadmium was higher, indicating the risk of cancer in children and adults, with children more exposed. However, the carcinogenic risk for cadmium was also acceptable. The study showed that the problem of poor air quality concerns not only the city of Kraków, but also the entire Małopolska region. Elevated metal concentrations in particulate matter indicate the need for monitoring it in the air.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2021, 47, 2; 95-107
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of low-cost particulate matter sensors for measurement of pollutants generated during 3D printing
Wykorzystanie niskobudżetowych czujników stężenia cząsteczekw celu pomiaru zanieczyszczeń powstających w trakcie pracy drukarek 3D
Autorzy:
Tatarczak, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2070275.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
3D printing
particulate matter
pollution measurement
low cost sensor
druk 3D
pyły zawieszone
pomiar zanieczyszczeń
czujnik niskobudżetowy
Opis:
This work presents measurement results of pollutants generated during 3D printing. The measure of pollutants is the concentration of particulate matter with a diameter of up to 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Materials acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyactide (PLA) for a 3D printer and low-cost particulate matter concentration sensors PMS3003, PMS7003 were used in the research. Research results show that low-cost sensors can be useful for monitoring pollution during 3D printing in offices, laboratories or private homes.
Praca prezentuje wyniki pomiarów zanieczyszczeń generowanych podczas druku 3D. Miarą zanieczyszczeń jest koncentracja cząstek stałych materii o wymiarach do 2,5 μm (PM2,5). W badaniach zostały wykorzystane materiały aktonitryl-budatien-styren (ABS), poliaktyd (PLA) dla drukarki 3D iniskobudżetowe czujniki koncentracji cząstek stałych materii PMS3003, PMS7003. Wyniki badań pokazują, że niskobudżetowe czujniki mogą być przydatne do monitorowania zanieczyszczeń podczas druku 3D w biurach, laboratoriach czy domach.
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2021, 11, 4; 75--77
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nieudana próba penalizacji usuwania filtrów cząstek stałych w dieslach - walka ze smogiem w prawie karnym
Failed Attempt to Penalise for Removal of Filters in Diesel Engines – Fight Against Smog in Criminal Law
Autorzy:
Szeleszczuk, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/417071.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
particulate filter
air pollution
P10 and P25 particles
Petty Offences Code
amendment of the Petty Offences Code
transport offences
Opis:
The article focuses on the analysis of the legislative initiative aimed mainly to improve the air quality. Although it has not become a binding regulation, it should be recognised – mostly because it was the first, based on sensu largo penal law, actual attempt to reduce exhaust fumes emission. Moreover, this initiative is a good example to illustrate the trend in the penal policies that is bound to set standards in fighting adverse effects in the area of environmental protection. A critical analysis of the solutions proposed should give rise to developing new regulations, which make an indispensable instrument of the state’s policy related to fight for clean atmosphere.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2019, 64, 2 (385); 176-186
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Correlations between air pollutant concentrations in selected urban and rural areas in Poland
Autorzy:
Stelęgowski, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106013.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Centrum Badań i Innowacji Pro-Akademia
Tematy:
air pollution
statistical analysis
nitrogen dioxide
particulate matter
zanieczyszczenie powietrza
analiza statystyczna
dwutlenek azotu
Opis:
Correlations between concentrations of selected air pollutants were analyzed in different areas in central Poland from 2012-2016. Three neighboring voivodeships (Lower Silesian, Lodz, and Masovian), were selected for which specific measurement locations were designated in urban and rural areas. The characteristics of the location of monitoring stations allowed to distinguish the following types of measurement stations: “urbantransport”, “urban-background", "suburban-background", "town-background", and "rural-background". Therefore, using the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, it was possible to analyze the interrelations between the occurrence of air pollution in various types of areas. It was found that the coefficient changed along with the type of area. Moreover, it turned out that the coefficient decreased in each voivodeship along with a decrease in the population density of the analyzed areas. In addition, concentrations of various air pollutants in given areas were compared. Also, it was observed that the strongest correlations occur between the results of calculations from measurement stations located in the same province.
Źródło:
Acta Innovations; 2019, 31; 14-22
2300-5599
Pojawia się w:
Acta Innovations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of X-ray fluorescence method for elemental analysis of PM2.5 fraction
Autorzy:
Samek, L.
Furman, L.
Kawik, T.
Welnogorska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air pollution
energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)
elemental analysis
particulate matter
Opis:
The scientific interest in air pollution comes from its influence on human health, the condition of cultural heritage and climate. The PM2.5 fraction (particles of a diameter of 2.5 mm or below), indirectly, has a significant impact on health which is associated with respiratory tract and blood vessel related diseases. However, not only the size, but also the content of the particles has a significant meaning. To determine the particulate matter contents, elemental analysis can be performed using numerous techniques, the most important of which is X-ray fluorescence. In this study, samples of PM2.5 fraction collected in Krakow, Poland were analyzed. The X-ray fluorescence method was used to perform elemental analysis. The gravimetric method was applied to determine the concentration of the PM2.5 fraction. Low detection limits of individual elements and precision of the X-ray fluorescence method were determined. The concentrations of the following elements: Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb in the PM2.5 fraction samples collected in Krakow were evaluated. The homogeneity of the samples was also estimated. The concentrations of PM2.5 fraction collected in the summer of 2013 were in the range of 6–23 ng/m3. The concentrations of PM2.5 fraction collected in the winter of 2013 were in the range of 26–171 ng/m3. The precision of the method was found to be below 1% for elements with high concentration in the sample and 6–8 % for trace elements.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 3, part 2; 621-626
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seasonal variation of the elemental composition of particulate matter collected in a small town near Warszawa, Poland
Autorzy:
Samek, L.
Lankosz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147078.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air pollution
particulate matter
mass concentrations
elemental concentrations
EDXRF
Opis:
Four seasonal sampling campaigns successively in April, July, September 2008 and February 2009 took place at Świder, a town located to the south-east of Warszawa, Poland. Three particle size fractions of particulate matter were collected by a NILU (The Norwegian Institute for Air Protection, Norway) sampler. The following elements were determined by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method: K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb. The highest mean mass concentrations in fine and medium fractions were observed in April 2008 and February 2009. For a coarse fraction, the highest values of mass concentrations were observed in April and September 2008. Ca, Mn and Fe existed mainly in the coarse fraction. These elements probably came from the southern direction. Zn was divided between three fractions equally. In February 2009 the highest Zn concentrations were observed in the medium fraction. Pb existed mainly in the fine and medium fractions. The highest values of Pb concentrations were observed in February 2009. Bromium existed in the fine fraction. Correlations were observed between Ca, Mn and Fe concentrations. Correlation factors were about 0.8 for the coarse fraction. For other analyzed elements, the correlation coefficients were small. Basing on the backward trajectories and elemental concentrations of particulate matter (PM), it was confirmed that in winter the main influence on air quality is caused by pollution coming from coal combustion in local houses, heat and power plants working in urban areas. In summer the main influence on air quality is caused by pollution from sources in rural cultivable areas. The improvement of air quality is possible by decreasing the emission, using coal with a small level of harmful compounds and whole elimination of plant preventive agents and using fertilizers with a small content of unwanted elements.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 1; 57-64
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Source apportionment of the PM10 fraction of particulate matter collected in Kraków, Poland
Autorzy:
Samek, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air pollution
energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)
elemental concentration
particulate matter
statistical analyses
PCA - principal component factor analysis
MLRA - multilinear regression analysis
Opis:
Samples of PM10 fraction of air particulates were collected during the winter of 2010 at two different sites in the City of Kraków, Poland. One site was located nearby a steel mill (Nowa Huta district) and the second one was situated at a distance of 10 km from the first site (Krowodrza district). The measured mass concentrations of PM10 fraction were in the range of 33 to 358 μg/m3. They exceeded the permissible daily limit value of 50 μg/m3. The Voivodship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Kraków was in charge of collecting samples as well as determining mass concentrations. Assessment of elemental concentrations and statistical analyses were performed at the University of Science and Technology in Kraków. Mean concentrations of Ti, Cu, Br and Pb were almost the same at both sites, while those of K, Ca and Zn were two times higher at Nowa Huta than at Krowodrza. Cr, Mn and Fe mass concentrations were also higher at Nowa Huta site; the values were a factor of three higher for Cr and Mn and factor of four for Fe. Factor analysis (FA) and multilinear regression analysis (MLRA) were used to determine source contributions to ambient PM10. The measurements were based on PM10 composition data which included elemental concentrations. Local combustion, industry and other, not identified sources, such as secondary aerosols, were the factors that highly contributed to the pollution of PM10 during winter time. For the site at Nowa Huta 53.1% of pollution was attributable to combustion and traffic, 28.5% was due to industry and wood combustion, and 18.3% were not identified. For the Krowodrza site, industry and wood combustion contributed 46.1%, combustion and traffic 50.4% and other, not identified sources 3.5% of the total PM10. Examination of meteorological data suggested that the concentration of potassium was inversely proportional to ambient air temperature at both sites. A wood combustion was identified as possible source of potassium in PM10.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 601-606
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przydatność wybranych gatunków lip (Tilia sp.) do fitoremediacji powietrza z zanieczyszczeń pyłowych
The usefulness of selected linden species (Tilia sp.) for phytoremediation of airborne particulate matter
Autorzy:
Sadowiec, K. J.
Gawroński, S. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
mikrocząsteczki
Tilia
zanieczyszczenia powietrza
zieleń miejska
air pollution
particulate matter
urban forest
Opis:
Rozwijające się urbanizacja, transport i przemysł są źródłem zanieczyszczeń mikropyłowych, które wpływają na pogorszenie jakości powietrza i stanowią zagrożenie dla zdrowia mieszkańców. Drzewa są coraz bardziej doceniane jako naturalne filtry powietrza oczyszczające je z zanieczyszczeń mikropyłowych. Lipy to drzewa bardzo często spotykane w miastach, zarówno w parkach, jak i przy ulicach naszej strefy klimatycznej. W niniejszej pracy porównano wybrane gatunki i odmiany lip, różniące się wyglądem i wymaganiami pod względem ich zdolności do akumulacji zanieczyszczeń mikropyłowych. W doświadczeniach sprawdzano ilość pyłów o średnicy aerodynamicznej cząstek 10−100 μm, 2,5−10 μm oraz 0,2−2,5 μm, jakie zgromadziły się na powierzchni liści i w woskach. Najlepszym fitoremediantem okazała się Tilia cordata Mill. (lipa drobnolistna). Liście lipy holenderskiej „Pallida” również bardzo dobrze gromadziły zanieczyszczenia.
Progressing urbanization, development of transport and industry are the sources of particulate matter, which decrease air quality and pose a threat to human health. Plants are the only natural organizm to clean the air. Trees are more and more appreciated as natural air filters that remove particulate matter. Linden are very common in cites, in parks and even near streets in our climatic zone. In this paper, selected species of linden were compared in order to determine their ability to accumulate particulate matter. These linden trees have different morphology and requirements. The accumulation of particulate matter of the size: 10–100 μm, 2.5–10 μm and 0.2–2.5 μm was analysed within this study. Tilia cordata turned out to be the best phytoremediant. Tilia × Europe „Pallida” was also very good in accumulating particulate matter on its leaves.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2013, 13, 3; 131-148
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Masowy rozkład pierwiastków w próbkach pyłu zawieszonego pobranych w obszarze tła miejskiego: wyniki ośmiomiesięcznych badań w Zabrzu
Mass Size Distribution of PM-bound Elements at an Urban Background Site: Results of an Eight-month Study in Zabrze
Autorzy:
Rogula-Kozłowska, W.
Klejnowski, K.
Rogula-Kopiec, P.
Błaszczak, B.
Mathews, B.
Szopa, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
rozkład pierwiastków
próbki pyłu
particulate air-pollution
trace elements
source identification
atmospheric aerosol
fine particles
heavy metals
source apportionment
Opis:
The analysis of elemental composition of ambient dust can help not only evaluate the environmental and health effects due to the air pollution but also identify emission sources. However, the whole number of projects and studies on concentrations and elemental composition of ambient (especially fine) dust hardly concern these issues in Eastern Europe. Neither is the chemical (and elemental) composition of the submicron ambient dust in Poland well recognized. There is also a shortage of data from long-term and parallel studies of the elemental composition of separate dust fractions. In the heavily polluted areas, the elemental composition of atmospheric aerosol and the dependence of elemental composition of particles on their size can appear essential for analyzing the toxicity of dust and its environmental effects. This study presents the results of determination and comparison of the elemental composition of four fractions of ambient dust in Zabrze (Poland), an urban area typical of the exposure of the Upper-Silesian Agglomeration population to the polluted air. The samples of the four dust fractions (fine: ≤1 µm – PM1, 1–2.5 µm – PM1-2.5, coarse: 2.5–10 µm – PM2.5-10, and 10–40 µm – PM10-40,) were collected during eight months (January–August 2009) with the use of a DEKATI-PM10 cascade impactor. All the dust samples (204 samples) were analyzed using a PANalytical Epsilon 5 spectrometer (EDXRF – energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy). The minimum, maximum and average concentrations, for winter (January–April, heating season) and summer (May–August, non-heating season), of 38 elements from each of the four examined dust fractions were calculated. The influence of anthropogenic sources on the ambient concentrations of elements from each dust fraction was determined by analyzing the enrichment factors (EF). The strength of linear relationships (Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients) between each pair of elements was determined separately for fine and coarse dust. The highest ambient concentrations were assumed by two nonmetals – sulfur and chlorine; their concentrations were significantly lower in summer than in winter. Both sulfur and chlorine were mainly bound onto the finest particles. Their share in the coarse dust, even in summer, was small. They came from anthropogenic sources. Ambient, typical crustal, Si, Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ca, Ti, Sr, Rb in Zabrze came from natural sources regardless of the fraction they were bound to. Small seasonal variations in ambient concentrations of these elements or some of the concentrations higher in summer than in winter confirmed the fact. A significant portion of the mass of the crustal elements, especially of Al, Si and Fe, was concentrated in the coarse fractions. However, the mass distribution among the dust fractions indicates some of them (K, Ca, Mg, Rb, Sr) as coming partly from anthropogenic sources. It particularly concerns their part bound to fine dust in winter. The mass contribution of crustal matter to ambient dust was about 6.8 in winter and 9.7% in summer; the contribution to PM1 was half of it. Almost all remaining 27 elements (except for Mn, Zn, Ge, Sb, La) had the ambient concentrations not greater than 100 ng m-3, usually higher in winter. The average mass shares of each of these 27 elements in PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10-40, were different and depended on the season of a year. Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and As were cumulated mostly in fine dust, while V, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Ag, Cd and Ba in coarse dust. The former, in fine dust, were assumed to be rather of anthropogenic origin and closely associated with combustion. The later originated partly from combustion (especially in winter) but their greater part was secondary and came from road dust. The largest contributors to the mass of the elements in fine dust in Zabrze are domestic furnaces and car engines, i.e. combustion of fossil fuels, biomass, and waste. The possible effect of industrial sources was also identified. The elemental composition of coarse dust is due to re-suspension of soil and road dust, and to a lesser extent, to municipal emission.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 2; 1022-1040
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ emisji komunikacyjnej na stężenie dwóch form węgla i rozkład ich masy względem wielkości cząstek w aerozolu atmosferycznym obszaru miejskiego
Influence of Vehicular Traffic on Ambient Concentration and Mass Size Distribution of Two Fractions of Carbon in an Urban Area Atmospheric Aerosol
Autorzy:
Rogula-Kozłowska, W.
Rogula-Kopiec, P.
Klejnowski, K.
Błaszczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
obszar miejski
emisja komunikacyjna
particulate air-pollution
diesel exhaust particles
chemical composition
elemental carbon
organic carbon
road
vehicles
matter
Opis:
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a component of the natural environment and a certain number of particles that varies with time, having many different properties which also change over time, is constantly present in the air. It can be assumed that the scope of environmental effects of PM is the broadest among all air pollutants: it affects the human health, climate, ecological conditions and visibility. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are the two most important components of suspended dust. The continuously increasing road traffic intensity is highly correlated with increasing concentrations of both of these components in the air of urbanized areas all over the world. In spite of this, the amount of data on OC and EC concentrations in Poland is still insufficient, especially in the case of areas located close to busy roads. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of vehicular traffic on ambient concentrations of PM-related OC and EC, and their mass size distribution in a typical urban area of the Upper Silesia. PM samples were collected simultaneously at two sites located in the Katowice city. One of the selected measurement points was situated in the city centre and characterized so-called urban background. The second measurement point, located near the A4 motorway, was in the area directly exposed to the influence of traffic emission. Dust was sampled during two measurement periods (2–10 August and 15–22 September 2011) using thirteen-stage impactors – DEKATI Ltd. (DLPI, Dekati Low Pressure Impactor). Analysis for the content of OC and EC in the collected dust samples was carried out by means of a thermo-optical method with the use of a Sunset Laboratory OC/EC carbon analyzer. During the entire measurement program strict adherence to the rigorous requirements for quality control of the obtained results was ensured. Concentrations of PM1-, PM2.5- and PM10-related OC and EC in Katowice, near the A4 motorway, were close to values obtained in other parts of the world in different measurement periods, at traffic sites of similar characteristics. Also values of the concentration ratio of OC bound to PM10 and PM2,5 (or PM2,5) were similar to quantities determined in different locations. In Katowice, due to municipal emission and poor quality of vehicles travelling the roads, also the coarse fraction of dust was enriched in EC. This situation is unusual in comparison to other regions. The effect of emission from engines of the cars travelling the motorway manifested itself mainly by elevated EC concentrations compared to the urban background site. For TSP the EC concentration was higher, five times in the beginning of August and two times in the second half of September. The largest differences between EC concentrations in the location near the motorway and in the urban background area were observed for the PM0.06–0.108, PM0.108–0.17 and PM0.17–0.26 fractions. In both measurement periods, at the traffic site in Katowice, the maxima of mass size distribution of EC were in the diameter range characteristic for soot emitted from Diesel engines (0.108–0.26µm). The fact that the influence of exhaust emission from vehicles travelling the motorway on EC concentrations was more pronounced in the second half of September than in the first half of August, was caused by larger EC emission from various sources in Katowice during the period following summer holidays. Concentrations of organic carbon bound to TSP in both measurement periods in Katowice was only 10% higher in the urban traffic site than in the urban background site. The largest differences between OC concentrations near the motorway and in the urban background are observed in the ranges 0.06–0.17 and 1.0–2.5 µm. Maxima of the mass size distribution of PM-related OC, both at the urban traffic site and at the background site, were similar in both measurement periods. It was inferred that the small differences between OC concentrations in the traffic and the background site are caused by the process of secondary aerosol formation, less intensive near the motorway than in the urban site.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 2; 1623-1644
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 44

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