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Wyszukujesz frazę "particle method" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
SPH computation of incompressible viscous flows
Obliczenia nieściśliwych przepływów lepkich metodą cząstek rozmytych (SPH)
Autorzy:
Pozorski, J.
Wawreńczuk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
viscous flow
particle method
incompressibility
Opis:
The paper is concerned with the numerical flow computation using the method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Fundamental concepts of the method are briefly recalled. Physical aspects of the incompressibility and its mathematical formulation are described. A new proposal for the incompressibility constraint is put forward in the SPH context. Numerical implementation of the method is described and main parts of the algorithm are presented, including the issue of boundary conditions. Some validation cases and examples of results for viscous flows are presented.
Praca dotyczy numerycznych obliczeń przepływów z wykorzystaniem metody cząstek rozmytych (ang. SPH - Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics). Przypomniano pokrótce podstawy metody, a także fizyczne i matematyczne aspekty nieściśliwości. Przedstawiono nową propzycję spełnienia warunku nieściśliwości w podejściu SPH. Opisano numeryczną implementację metody i podstawowe elementy algorytmu, w tym sposób stawiania warunków brzegowych. przedstawiono wyniki testów metody oraz przykłady obliczeń przepływów lepkich.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2002, 40, 4; 917-937
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vortex particle method and parallel computing
Metoda cząstek wirowych w obliczeniach równoległych
Autorzy:
Kosior, A.
Kudela, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/282033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
vortex particle method
vortex ring
parallel computations
Opis:
In this paper, it was presented numerical results related to three dimensional simulation of motion of a vortex ring. For the simulation it was chosen the Vortex In Cell method. The method was shortly described in the paper. The numerical results were obtained on the single processor (x86) architecture. The disadvantage of the single processor computation is a very long time of computation. To menage this problem, we switched to the parallel architecture. In our first approach to the multicore architecture we tested the possibility and algorithms for the solution of the algebraic system of equations that resulted form discretization of the Poisson equation. We presented the results obtained with CUDA architecture. In order to better understand how does the parallel algorithms work on CUDA architecture, it was shortly presented a scheme of the device and how programs are executed on it. We showed also our results which are related to the parallelization of some simple iterative methods like the Jacobi method and Red-Black Gauss-Seidel method for solution of the algebraic system. The results were ncouraging. For the Red Black Gauss-Seidel using GTX480 card, the calculations were 90-times shorter than on a single processor. As we know the solution to the Poisson equation is equivalent to the solution to the algebraic systems.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki numeryczne ruchu trójwymiarowego pierścienia wirowego. W obliczeniach zastosowano metodę cząstek wirowych, która została pokrótce opisana. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na pojedynczym procesorze (x86). Wadą takiej realizacji jest długi czas obliczeń. Dla przyspieszenia obliczeń zaproponowano algorytm obliczeń równoległych w środowisku wieloprocesorowym karty graficznej z technologią CUDA. Architekturę karty krótko opisano. Znajomość architektury ma istotne znaczenie dla efektywności kodu. Napisany program przetestowano, rozwiązując układ równań algebraicznych otrzymany po dyskretyzacji równania Poissona. Przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń dla zrównoleglonych, prostych metod iteracyjnych rozwiązywania układów równań takich jak metoda Jacobiego czy „Red-Black Gauss-Seidel”. Dla metody „Red-Black Gauss-Seidel” oraz karty GTX480 otrzymano 90-krotne przyspieszenie czasu obliczeń względem pojedynczego procesora.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2012, 50, 1; 285-300
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
2D simulations of liquid percolation through model porous media: preliminary MD and DPD results
Autorzy:
Rychcik, M.
Bośko, J.
Rybicki, J.
Alda, W.
Dzwinel, W.
Mancini, G.
Fioretti, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964080.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
2D flow simulations
particle methods
molecular dynamics
dissipative particle dynamics method
Opis:
In the paper we make a short overview of computer models based on particle approach, which can be suitable for the simulation of fluid flow through porous media. We concentrate on Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) methods. We describe main features of our simulation programs, and present and discuss preliminary results of MD and DPD simulations of 2D fluid flow through a simple model rigid porous media. The paper aims at the evaluation of the applicability of MD and DPD methods for simulations of liquid flows in media of complicated geometry.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2001, 5, 1; 85-97
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fatigue life prediction of wire rope based on grey particle filter method under small sample condition
Autorzy:
Zhao, Dan
Liu, Yu-Xin
Ren, Xun-Tao
Gao, Jing-Zi
Liu, Shao-Gang
Dong, Li-Qiang
Cheng, Ming-Shen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2038206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
wire rope
fatigue life prediction
small sample size
grey theory
particle filter method
Opis:
The fatigue life prediction of wire ropes has two main characteristics: a large test sample size and uncertain factors. In this paper, based on the small number of wire rope fatigue life data, the grey particle filter method has been used to realize the fatigue life prediction of wire rope under different load conditions. First, the GOM(1,1) model is constructed and the reliability life data of wire rope is predicted under small sample size. Then, P-S-N curve of the dangerous part is determined by combining the equivalent alternating stress of the dangerous part of the wire rope during the fatigue test. Subsequently, the particle filter method is used to modify P-S-N curve. Finally, the fatigue life prediction model of wire rope is obtained based on fatigue damage accumulation, which realized the fatigue life prediction under different load conditions, and the results were compared with that from the test. The results show that the proposed method is effective and has high accuracy in wire rope fatigue life prediction under single, combined loading conditions and small sample size.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2021, 23, 3; 454-467
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of a PSO algorithm for identification of the parameters of Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model
Autorzy:
Knypiński, Ł.
Nowak, L.
Sujka, P.
Radziuk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
optymalizacja
histereza
model Jilesa-Athertona
optimization
hysteresis
Jiles-Atherton model
particle swarm optumization method
Opis:
In the paper an algorithm and computer code for the identification of the hysteresis parameters of the Jiles-Atherton model have been presented. For the identification the particle swarm optimization method (PSO) has been applied. In the optimization procedure five design variables has been assumed. The computer code has been elaborated using Delphi environment. Three types of material have been examined. The results of optimization have been compared to experimental ones. Selected results of the calculation for different material are presented and discussed.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2012, 61, 2; 139-148
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of sand electrification influence on locomotive wheel/ rail adhesion processes
Ocena wpływu elektryzacji piasku na przyczepność w punkcie styku koła pociągu z szyną
Autorzy:
Gorbunov, Mykola
Kravchenko, Kateryna
Bureika, Gintautas
Gerlici, Juraj
Nozhenko, Olena
Vaičiūnas, Gediminas
Bučinskas, Vytautas
Steišūnas, Stasys
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/300609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
railway transport
wheel-rail contact
friction ratio
adhesion phenomena
adhesion coefficient
particle method
sand electrification
punkt styku koła z szyną
współczynnik tarcia
zjawiska przyczepności
współczynnik przyczepności
metoda cząstek
elektryzacja piasku
Opis:
The article describes a method of increasing the adhesion of the wheel to the rail based on the preliminary electrification of the abrasive-air mixture before its feed into a contact. A simulation model of the movement of sand in the system “injecting nozzle of a sandbox - a rail” is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method to improve adhesion is confirmed experimentally. The results of experiments carried out on a friction machine, which characterize the change in friction ratio depending on the temperature with different methods of sand supply, are presented. The reduction in the consumption of sand caused by its electrification and the supply of a rational amount of abrasive substance into the contact of the wheel with the rail is estimated.
W artykule opisano metodę zwiększania przyczepności koła pociągu do szyny polegającą na wstępnej elektryzacji mieszaniny powietrza i substancji ściernej przed jej podaniem pod koła w punkcie styku koła z szyną. Przedstawiono symulacyjny model ruchu piasku w układzie "dysza wtryskowa piasecznicy-szyna". Skuteczność proponowanej metody poprawy przyczepności badano doświadczalnie. Przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentów przeprowadzonych na maszynie ściernej, które pokazują zmiany współczynnika tarcia w zależności od temperatury przy różnych metodach podawania piasku. Oszacowano jaki wpływ na stopień zmniejszenia zużycia piasku wywiera jego wcześniejsza elektryzacja oraz racjonalne dozowanie.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2019, 21, 3; 460-467
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laboratory study of suspended sediment dynamics over a mildly sloping sandy seabed
Autorzy:
Stachurska, B.
Staroszczyk, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
sediment dynamics
suspended sediment
sloping seabed
bottom boundary layer
Particle Image Velocimetry method
experimental result
analytical result
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2019, 61, 3
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparisons Between 2D and 3D MPFEM Simulations in Modeling Uniaxial High Velocity Compaction Behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V Powder
Autorzy:
Zhou, Jian
Xu, Hongkun
Zhu, Chenyu
Wang, Bin
Liu, Kun
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
multi-particle finite element method
Ti-6Al-4V
powder compaction
relative green density
impact energy per unit mass
Opis:
Multi-particle finite element method (MPFEM) simulation has been proven an efficient approach to study the densification behaviors during powder compaction. However, comprehensive comparisons between 2D and 3D MPFEM models should be made, in order to clarify which dimensional model produces more accurate prediction on the densification behaviors. In this paper, uniaxial high velocity compaction experiments using Ti-6Al-4V powder were performed under different impact energy per unit mass notated as Em. Both 2D and 3D MPFEM simulations on the powder compaction process were implemented under displacement control mode, in order to distinguish the differences. First, the experimental final green density of the compacts increased from 0.839 to 0.951 when Em was increased from 73.5 J/g to 171.5 J/g. Then detailed comparisons between two models were made with respect to the typical densification behaviors, such as the density-strain and density-pressure relations. It was revealed that densification of 2D MPFEM model could be relatively easier than 3D model for our case. Finally, validated by the experimental results, 3D MPFEM model generated more realistic predictions than 2D model, in terms of the final green density’s dependence on both the true strain and Em. The reasons were briefly explained by the discrepancies in both the particles’ degrees of freedom and the initial packing density.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 1; 57-65
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Celestial navigation fix based on particle swarm optimization
Autorzy:
Tsou, M.-C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258524.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
particle swarm optimization (PSO)
Celestial navigation
Intercept method
Opis:
A technique for solving celestial fix problems is proposed in this study. This method is based on Particle Swarm Optimization from the field of swarm intelligence, utilizing its superior optimization and searching abilities to obtain the most probable astronomical vessel position. In addition to being applicable to two-body fix, multi-body fix, and high-altitude observation problems, it is also less reliant on the initial dead reckoning position. Moreover, by introducing spatial data processing and display functions in a Geographical Information System, calculation results and chart work used in Circle of Position graphical positioning can both be integrated. As a result, in addition to avoiding tedious and complicated computational and graphical procedures, this work has more flexibility and is more robust when compared to other analytical approaches.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 3; 20-27
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Characterization of Si Oxide Coated Nano Ceria by Hydrolysis, and Hydrothermal Treatment at Low Temperature
Autorzy:
Kong, M.
Kim, H. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354290.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nano-particle
water glass
hydro-reaction
coating method
Opis:
The purpose of this work was to the application of Si oxide coatings. This study deals with the preparation of ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles coating with SiO2 by water glass and hydrolysis reaction. First, the low temperature hydro-reactions were carried out at 30~100°C. Second, Silicon oxide-coated Nano compounds were obtained by the catalyzing synthesis. CeO2 Nano-powders have been successfully synthesized by means of the hydrothermal method, in a low temperature range of 100~200°C. In order to investigate the structure and morphology of the Nano-powders, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed. The XRD results revealed the amorphous nature of silica nanoparticles. To analyze the quantity and properties of the compounds coated with Si oxide, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in conjunction with electron dispersive spectroscopy was used. Finally, it is suggested that the simple growth process is more favorable mechanism than the solution/aggregation process.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2B; 1125-1129
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Próba zastosowania metody elementów dyskretnych w mechanice ciała stałego
An attempt to use Discrete Element Method in solid mechanics
Autorzy:
Nowicki, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/390929.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
metoda elementów dyskretnych (odosobnionych)
ESys-Particle
skala mezo
discrete element method
mesoscale
Esys-Particle
Opis:
Praca poświęcona jest metodzie elementów dyskretnych. W chwili obecnej jest to metoda numeryczna służąca do modelowanie materiałów, głównie skał. W pracy zawarto opis najprostszej wersji metody. Przedstawiono również przeprowadzoną symulację komputerową z zastosowaniem pakietu obliczeniowego ESys-Particle. Artykuł należy traktować jako wprowadzenie do prac nad zastosowaniami tej metody w inżynierii budowlanej.
The paper is devoted to Discrete Element Method. Currently the method is mainly used for mechanics of rock. The paper contains the description of the simplest version of the method. Computer simulation using Esys-Particle computer code is presented. The paper is an introduction to the study on the method applications to building engineering.
Źródło:
Budownictwo i Architektura; 2016, 15, 4; 153-162
1899-0665
Pojawia się w:
Budownictwo i Architektura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on optimization method of flotation kinetic model based on molybdenite particle size effect
Autorzy:
Wan, He
An, Yanni
Qu, Juanping
Zhang, Chonghui
Xue, Jiwei
Wang, Sen
Bu, Xianzhong
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24085892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
particle size effect
molybdenite
mathematical model
method of correction
Opis:
Flotation kinetic models can be applied to describe the flotation process and to predict mineral recoveries. However, the size composition of the target minerals in the feed ore fluctuates considerably, resulting in insufficient accuracy with flotation kinetic models. There have been many studies that focus on the investigation of flotation kinetics with different particle sizes, while the optimization methods for flotation kinetic models based on particle size effects have not been reported. In this paper, flotation tests, optical microscope observations, and particle size analysis were used to identify the reasons for the decrease in accuracy of the flotation kinetic model due to changes in the composition of molybdenite particle size. Additionally, an optimization method for the flotation kinetic model was developed based on the particle size effect. The test results show that the accuracy of the flotation kinetic model for fixed particle size minerals is very high, but the predicted results for flotation recoveries of different particle size mineral mixtures have large deviations. The poor accuracy might be due to the autogenous carrier effect caused by the particle size composition fluctuating considerably. The optimization method for the flotation kinetic model is based on the particle size effect. The model can accurately describe the flotation process of molybdenite with different size compositions of molybdenite and predict the flotation recovery of molybdenite.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2023, 59, 2; art. no. 163004
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Particle agglomeration in flow modelled with molecular dynamics coupled to a thermal Lattice Boltzmann code
Autorzy:
Jiménez, J. F. C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
particle agglomeration
agglomerate structure
lattice Boltzmann method
Langevin kinetics
Opis:
Particle agglomeration can arise naturally (e.g. dust, salt) or as a result of industrial activities and/or combustion processes (e.g. spray drying, particle flame synthesis). The process itself and its mechanisms are important for many applications since the physical properties of the final structures are mainly determined by the composition, number, diameter and geometric arrangement of their constituent primary particles. Thus, knowing and controlling the extent of agglomeration meets a growing interest in environmental and industrial concerns. The objective of the paper is to develop a simulation model of particles suspended in a flowing fluid using MD simulations coupled to a Lattice Boltzmann (LB) solver. These simulations allowed determining the agglomerate transport and deposition rates depending on the flow conditions and agglomerate structure and understanding the relationship between agglomerate characteristics (i.e. growth kinetics and morphology) and their behavior in a flow field. Two systems of 2000 and 1000 particles were simulated at 300 K and 600 K both of them in a known fluid. Simulations using a Langevin thermostat were also performed to compare with the LB thermostat. This allowed quantifying the influence of the fluid flow on the agglomeration process and agglomerate properties. In further applications, this will help to a priori tailor the flow conditions to achieve a desired aggregate morphology. As a result, reasonable aggregate morphologies were achieved. One of the main conclusions is that taking into account the fluid flow (LB solver) the agglomeration process of the particles is notably accelerated in comparison to the Langevin simulations. One of the main implications of this work could be the possibility of using a known fluid to accelerate an aglomeration process given a suitable fluid and to find a desirable configuration of agglomerates. Another conclusion is that the agglomeration process is sensitive to the temperature variation and that the number of particles in the system influences the final configuration of agglomerates in LB simulations.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 2013, 17, 3-4; 181--213
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A comparative study of differential transformation and homotopy perturbation methods for transient combustion analysis for iron micro-particles in a gaseous oxidizing medium
Autorzy:
Yinusa, A. A.
Sobamowo, M. G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Differential transformation method
Homotopy perturbation method
Iron particle combustion
Temperature distribution
Thermal radiation
Opis:
In this paper, a comparative study of differential transformation and homotopy perturbation methods for transient combustion analysis of iron micro-particles in a gaseous oxidizing medium is presented. Also, parametric studies are carried out to properly understand the reaction of the process and the associated burning time. Thermal radiation effect from the external surface of burning particle and variation of iron particle density with temperature are considered. The solutions obtained by DTM and HPM are compared with those of the fourth order Runge-Kutta numerical method. Results show that DTM has more accurate results between the two approximate analytical methods considered. Also, results show that by increasing the heat realized parameter, combustion temperature increased and it faster reaches to its constant value. It is envisaged that the present study will create tremendous insight into means of properly managing combustible micro particles exiting factories and production process organization.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2019, 138, 2; 93-112
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the Tikhonov and the modified Twomey methods to calculate narrow microparticle size distributions by the laser diffraction technique
Autorzy:
Pawlata, Andrzej
Bartosewicz, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich
Tematy:
laser diffraction
Mie scatter
size particle distribution
Tikhonov regularization method
modified Twomey method
Opis:
New ways of calculating narrow microparticle size distributions based on using the Tikhonov and the modified Twomey methods for the laser diffraction technique are presented. These allow to have reduced the broadening (over-smoothing) of the result occurring in these methods for narrow distributions both singular and their sum. The calculated singular distributions and their distribution sum were then approximated by a Gaussian function and a bimodal Gaussian function, respectively, using the Levenberg- Marquardt method. The angular distribution of scattering power was measured for polystyrene particles with radii of 0.676 μm and 1.573 μm, and for their sum. The tests were carried out for linearly polarized He-Ne laser light scattered by a dilute aqueous suspension of these particles. The results obtained were compared with those obtained with the nanoDS instrument (CILAS). It turned out that using the way based on the Twomey method, the parameters of the narrow distribution sought could be determined quite well.
Źródło:
Opto-Electronics Review; 2023, 31, 1; art. no. e145497
1230-3402
Pojawia się w:
Opto-Electronics Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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