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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    OCHRONA DZIEDZICTWA KULTURY WE FRANCJI
    THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN FRANCE
    Autorzy:
    Dobrzyn, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538759.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE (FRANCE)
    kodeks dziedzictwa Francji
    Codedupatrimoine
    francuski Kodeks środowiska
    francuska ochrona dziedzictwa kultury
    Fundacja Dziedzictwa Narodowego
    Opis:
    A suitable conception of the legal aspects of protecting cultural heritage poses a considerable challenge. While discussing pertinent Polish legislation, it is worth referring to the examples of solutions applied in other countries. On 20 February 2004 France introduced 'Code du patrimoine' - a new regulation relating to the protection of cultural property. The code replaced six previously binding regulations, with the legislator recognising the protection of national heritage as a fundamental state task. The resultant complex regulation can be considered an example for other European countries, including Poland. Regardless of particular regulations, the most important achievement appears to be the endowment of supreme rank to the protection of culture by including it within the code. This choice not only produced the complex character of the legal act, but predominantly placed cultural heritage at the pinnacle of tasks pursued by the state, thus confirming the fulfilment of the latter's mission associated with the protection of the titular heritage.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2007, 3; 79-86
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Penalizing the forgery of a work of art in the Polish legal system: notes de lege lata and postulates de lege ferenda
    Autorzy:
    Gerecka-Żołyńska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120142.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    protection of national heritage
    falsification of a work of art
    counterfeiting or alteration of a monument
    forgery
    author’s rights
    ochrona dziedzictwa narodowego
    fałszerstwo dzieła sztuki
    podrobienie albo przerobienie zabytku
    falsyfikat
    prawa twórcy utworu
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to justify the formulated postulate to separate in the Polish legal system an autonomous type of offence consisting in the counterfeiting, alteration or illegal reproduction of a work of art, which would comprehensively – similarly to the protection of monuments, or maybe even more broadly – cover the most important phases of this behaviour, taking into consideration also those of a secondary nature related to marketing the forgery or its distribution. The concept of ‘work of art’ has been narrowed down to works of plastic art for the purpose of the article and in this text is understood as an independent object separated from other objects of individual and independent specificity, being man-made, possessing aesthetic value, and expressing emotional qualities (Gołaszewska, Zarys estetyki. Warsaw 1986: 277). The most important problems connected with activation of criminal law protection in the event that a perpetrator engages in conduct commonly referred to as ‘forgery of a work of art’ are presented. The research was conducted primarily using the dogmatic method, and to a lesser extent the historical and comparative method. Finally, it is established that the system of legal interests surrounding the current art market rules makes it necessary for the scope of legal protection of a work of art, including a historical monument in case of forgery, to focus equally on the rights of purchasers – as it has been the case so far – but consideration should also be given to the rights of original creators, so that they can react effectively if they are violated. As a result, having identified the need for legislative intervention with regard to the crime of altering or forging an item and the crime of sale of a forgery, a proposal is formulated to modify the existing legal solutions.
    Celem prowadzonych rozważań jest uzasadnienie sformułowanego postulatu wyodrębnienia w polskim systemie prawnym autonomicznego typu przestępstwa obejmującego podrobienie albo przerobienie bądź nielegalną reprodukcję dzieła sztuki, które kompleksowo – podobnie jak w wypadku ochrony zabytków, a może nawet szerzej – obejmowałoby najważniejsze fazy tego zachowania, uwzględniając również i te o ubocznym charakterze, związane z wprowadzeniem falsyfikatu do obrotu lub jego rozpowszechnieniem. Dla prowadzonych rozważań pojęcie dzieła sztuki zawężone zostało do dzieł sztuki plastycznej, a przez „dzieło sztuki” rozumie się samodzielny przedmiot oddzielony od innych przedmiotów o indywidualnej i niezależnej specyfice, stworzony przez człowieka, posiadający wartość estetyczną i wyrażający walory emocjonalne (M. Gołaszewska, Zarys estetyki. Problematyka, metody, teorie. Warszawa 1986: 277). W poszczególnych częściach artykułu przedstawiono najważniejsze problemy związane z uruchomieniem karnoprawnej ochrony w razie realizacji przez sprawcę zachowania określanego powszechnie jako „fałszerstwo dzieła sztuki”. W prowadzonych badaniach wykorzystano przede wszystkim metodę dogmatyczną oraz w węższym zakresie historyczną i komparatystyczną. Finalnie ustalono, że układ interesów prawnych wokół aktualnych reguł funkcjonowania rynku sztuki sprawia, że zakres ochrony prawnej dzieła sztuki, w tym również zabytku w razie fałszerstwa, w równej mierze powinien koncentrować się na prawach nabywców – jak dotychczas – ale także powinien uwzględniać prawa twórców oryginałów, tak aby mogli w razie ich naruszenia skutecznie reagować. W rezultacie, dostrzegając potrzebę interwencji legislacyjnej także wobec przestępstwa przerobienia albo podrobienia zabytku oraz przestępstwa zbycia falsyfikatu zabytku, wskazano na konieczność wprowadzenia do polskiego systemu prawnego autonomicznego typu przestępstwa fałszerstwa działa sztuki.
    Źródło:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2022, 84, 2; 69-84
    0035-9629
    2543-9170
    Pojawia się w:
    Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ZAŁOŻENIA I PROBLEMY REALIZACJI PROJEKTU OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW STAREGO KAIRU
    THE PREMISES AND PROBLEMS OF A PROJECT FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MONUMENTS OF HISTORICAL CAIRO
    Autorzy:
    Rogal, Robert
    Filip, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538506.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    ochrona zabytków starego Kairu
    zabytki Kairu
    historia Kairu
    „Historyczny Kair”
    zabytkowa architektura arabska
    Abu Az-Zahab
    ochrona dziedzictwa narodowego
    egipska szkoła konserwacji zabytków
    sztuka arabska
    sztuka koptyjska
    Opis:
    In 1998 an Egyptian government organisation known as the Supreme Council of Antiquities devised a “Project for the Development of Historical Cairo”. The objective of this most extensive programme in the history of Egyptian conservation consists of preserving the Old Town historical complex, included onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. The project envisages pertinent research and documentation as well as the conservation of Arabian and Coptic monuments, their adaptation for contemporary purposes together with a regulation of town planning development within Historical Cairo. The work is to be carried out by eight Egyptian conservation firms co-working with their more experienced European counterparts. Despite multiple obstacles, it has been possible to perform even such difficult and challenging tasks as the conservation of transfers of murals from the Sitt Wasilli Hous.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2004, 3-4; 29-41
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konserwacja obiektów sztuki sakralnej Kresów Wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej
    Conservation of objects of sacred art in the eastern borderlands
    Autorzy:
    Smaza, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539302.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    sztuka sakralna
    budowle sakralne
    kresy
    kresy wschodnie
    wschodnia Rzeczypospolita
    niewłaściwa adaptacja
    dzieje powojenne
    profesjonalne prace konserwatorskie
    prace restauratorskie
    światowej klasy wartości artystyczne
    kolegiata żółkiewska
    Żółkiew
    Dziedzictwo Kulturowe
    Ochrona Dziedzictwa Narodowego poza Granicami Kraju
    materialne dziedzictwo Kresów
    Opis:
    The tumultuous history of World War II along with its political outcomes have not only lead to moving borders of the Republic of Poland, but also to losing a considerable part of its territory. The lands which were the source and the breeding ground for multicultural tangible and intangible values remained beyond the eastern border. While direct military activities did not lead to the destruction of many temples, the period of fratricidal combat, particularly in Volhynia, fuelled chiefly with hatred and anger, caused vast destruction. Another period was the rule of the Soviet authorities, whose main goals included fighting religion, as well as its entire tangible heritage. The forms and the intensity of fighting varied: temples were being closed, blown up or transformed into factories, power stations, prisons, bakeries, warehouses (usually for artificial fertilizers, oftentimes stored loose), mills, stables, department stores, gymnasiums, offices, apartments, concert halls, or museums of atheism and religion; this was connected with the removal of crosses, towers and domes. Frequently, reconstructions were so extensive that today it is very difficult to recognise that they were once sacred buildings. The furnishing of temples, which often was at the highest artistic level in the world, suffered the cruellest fate. Usually, it was barbarically removed and burnt. Immense geopolitical changes in East-Central Europe in the early 1990’s brought independence to many countries, which undertook a number of regulations enabling the return of temples to their rightful owners. This process, very vigorous in the first period, has almost ceased in recent years. Restoring fairly original appearance to the recovered temples required a huge sacrifice, and oftentimes heroism. First of all, protective, repair, and construction works had to be conducted, in many instances without adequate knowledge. The restoration of the sacred interior designs of the temples was done on a random basis. While the way of proceeding with the restorations was somewhat justified at the time, the activities in recent years, including among others, the inappropriate reconstruction of furnishing, have resulted in a loss of the last remaining values. They have been replaced with mediocrity and tackiness. Professional restoration works have been carried out only in few cases. The reasons for this are varied, on the one hand, among others, the lack of funds, the lack of adequate identification and the preparation of objects in such a vast territory, and on the other hand, the lack of partners. Presently, works on the appropriate professional level are being conducted almost in every scope and discipline at several dozen temples. They are carried out by highly experienced specialists from Polish schools. The works which have been conducted for the last 22 years in the 17th century collegiate church in Zhovkva, Ukraine, constitute one of such exceptions. They have been carried out by students and graduates of Polish schools: the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw and the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, as well as the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń at the faculty of conservation and restoration of sculpture and architectural structure, and occasionally conservation and restoration of painting, or historic textiles. The works have been conducted in various forms: as holiday internships (month long) or MA theses (in case of the Academy in Warsaw), and the most difficult conservation issues are solved by international committees of specialists and are rendered by certified conservators and restorers of works of art based on the contract for specific task (it has only been several years that this form has contributed to a significant acceleration of the state of completing the restoration of the temple), and also as a form of volunteer work. This last form of activity (increasingly popular) requires highly qualified specialists who undertake full responsibility for the conducted works. Moreover, specific regulations exist which pertain to carrying out restoration works on historical monuments. The assistance, especially financial, of the Department of National Heritage, existing as a part of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, or the Centre of Polish Cultural Heritage Abroad at the Association “Polish Community”, as well as the Senate of the Republic of Poland and various foundations, has decidedly increased the number of works rendered on the highest professional level in the world serving the preservation of heritage of the eastern borderlands. It is, regrettably, still “a drop in the ocean”.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2010, 1-4; 85-94
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zakaz wywozu dóbr kultury i jego praktyczne konsekwencje
    THE PROHIBITION OF EXPORTING CULTURAL PROPERTY AND ITS PRACTICAL CONSEQUENCES
    Autorzy:
    Zeidler, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538739.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    zakaz wywozu dóbr kultury
    wywóz dóbr kultury
    ochrona dóbr kultury
    nielegalny wywóz dóbr kultury
    ustawa o ochronie dóbr kultury
    nowe projekty ustaw o ochronie dziedzictwa narodowego
    Opis:
    Among assorted legal institutions foreseen in the statute of 15 February 1962 on the protection of cultural property an extremely prominent role is played by a prohibition relating to the export of cultural goods. This is by no means a new regulation, since it had been enforced already upon the basis of a decree from 1946 on the registration and prohibition of the export of works of art and objects of artistic, historical or cultural value. The protected cultural property encompasses portable or stationary objects, old or contemporary, and of significance for cultural heritage and development owing to their historical, scientific or artistic value. The prohibition was established by the legislator primarily owing to the immense devastation of Polish cultural legacy during the second world war. Doubts concerning the retention of the prohibition in its present-day form are voiced mainly in view of the regulation of this problem by the law of the European Communities. On the other hand, it remains indubitable that owing to obligatory international agreements prohibition of this sort must pertain to cultural goods obtained by means of crime (theft, fencing). This issue is regulated by two international conventions: the convention signed on in Paris on 17 November 1970, and dealing with measures intent on banning and preventing the illegal export, import and transference of the ownership of cultural goods, and the convention on co-operation and mutual assistance in intercepting and returning cultural property illegally transported across state frontiers, signed in Plovdiv on 22 April 1986. The legal situation of the import of cultural property is different, since such transportation is supported by the legislator. At present, the Parliament of the Republic of Poland is examining two competing projects of statutes (on the protection of national legacy and on the protection of historical monuments), both regulating the titular subject.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2002, 3-4; 410-412
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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