Among assorted legal institutions foreseen in the
statute of 15 February 1962 on the protection of cultural
property an extremely prominent role is played
by a prohibition relating to the export of cultural
goods.
This is by no means a new regulation, since it had
been enforced already upon the basis of a decree from
1946 on the registration and prohibition of the export
of works of art and objects of artistic, historical or
cultural value. The protected cultural property
encompasses portable or stationary objects, old or
contemporary, and of significance for cultural heritage
and development owing to their historical, scientific
or artistic value. The prohibition was established
by the legislator primarily owing to the immense devastation
of Polish cultural legacy during the second
world war. Doubts concerning the retention of the
prohibition in its present-day form are voiced mainly
in view of the regulation of this problem by the law
of the European Communities.
On the other hand, it remains indubitable that
owing to obligatory international agreements prohibition
of this sort must pertain to cultural goods
obtained by means of crime (theft, fencing). This
issue is regulated by two international conventions:
the convention signed on in Paris on 17 November
1970, and dealing with measures intent on banning
and preventing the illegal export, import and transference
of the ownership of cultural goods, and the
convention on co-operation and mutual assistance in
intercepting and returning cultural property illegally
transported across state frontiers, signed in Plovdiv
on 22 April 1986.
The legal situation of the import of cultural property
is different, since such transportation is supported
by the legislator. At present, the Parliament of the
Republic of Poland is examining two competing projects
of statutes (on the protection of national legacy
and on the protection of historical monuments), both
regulating the titular subject.
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