Temat: non-products - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Electric power consumption forecasting for industries in Ahmednagar City: a preliminary study
Autorzy:: Panchal, Riddhi
Kumar, Binod
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050263.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:: energy policy
industry
green products
non-green products
FMCG product
non-FMCG products
correlation analysis
Opis:: This paper reports from the study dealing with the preliminary investigations, concerning forecasting of electric power consumption of some industries from Ahmednagar city. The investigations regarding the potential energy consumption are mainly directed to three energy-related aspects or drives, namely: (i) energy policy, (ii) production of green and non-green products, and (iii) production of FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) and non- FMCG products. The here proposed methodology is implemented in three phases. The first, initial phase concerns the preparation of the questionnaire that clearly addresses the effects of the aforementioned drives on various industries. The issues mentioned in the questionnaire are closely related to the industries from Ahmednagar city. In the second phase, the prepared questionnaire was distributed to the industries of Ahmednagar city. In the questionnaire, all the questions are made mandatory and subsequently, the industrial authorities are demanded to fill up the precise information as much as possible. The responses from the concerned industries related to power management are then subject to analysis. The analysis is done with the focus on correlation coefficients. Thereby, determining the correlation between different factors helps to arrive a conclusion regarding the dependencies of various factors in the potential power consumption of industries in Ahmednagar city.
Źródło:: Control and Cybernetics; 2020, 49, 4; 555-576
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:: Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Gospodarowanie odpadami w koksowni. Progi i bariery odzysku odpadów w procesie technologicznym koksowni
Waste management in coking plant. Thresholds and barriers of waste recovery in coking plant technological process
Autorzy:: Olczak, C.
Langer, P.
Ligus, G.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/142135.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego. Zakład Wydawniczy CHEMPRESS-SITPChem
Tematy:: koksownia
produkty
nieprodukty
odpady
gospodarka odpadami
coking plant
products
non-products
waste
waste management
Opis:: Przedstawiono aktualny stan gospodarki odpadami w koksowni. Omówiono źródła, ilości i skład nieproduktów powstających w procesie technologicznym koksowni. Scharakteryzowano metody recyklingu wewnętrznego nieproduktów do węgla wsadowego i produktów węglopochodnych. Oceniono stopień wypełnienia prawnych wymagań środowiskowych związanych z gospodarką odpadami w koksowni. Określono progi i bariery odzysku odpadów „zewnętrznych” w procesie produkcyjnym koksowni.
The article presents current condition of waste management in coking plants. It also discusses sources, amounts and composition of non-products generated in the technological process in coking plants. The paper presents internal recycling methods of non-products into feedstock coal and carbon derivatives. Moreover, the degree of fulfilling legal environmental requirements related to waste management in coking plants is assessed. The article presents thresholds and barriers of “external” waste recovery in coking plant production process.
Źródło:: Chemik; 2014, 68, 10; 905-910
0009-2886
Pojawia się w:: Chemik
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Owoc borówki czernicy (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) jako farmakopealny surowiec antocyjanowy
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus/em> L.) fruit as a pharmacopoeial anthocyanin raw material
Autorzy:: Bilek, M.
Dudek, T.
Czerniakowski, Z.
Staniszewski, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978891.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: non−wood forest products
bilberry
anthocyanins
Opis:: Bilberry, the most commonly collected fruit of Polish forests, has not only culinary values, but also proven therapeutic and preventive effects. It is a valuable forest raw material for herbal, pharmaceutical and food companies producing dietary supplements and drugs. The range of applications for bilberry is very wide, and the most important feature of this raw material is the high antioxidant potential associated with anthocyanins content. The aim of the study was to analyze the anthocyanins content in bilberry fruit, determine the time−related variability of this feature and relate the obtained results to pharmacopoeial standards. On selected sample plot, ripe bilberry fruits were collected at five−day intervals. As a preliminary test, dry matter and refractometric index measurement were carried out. Moreover, spectrophotometric determination of anthocyanins content expressed as chrysanthemin (cyanidin 3−O−glucoside chloride) was examined, both in fresh and dried fruits. We found that regardless of the harvesting time, the bilberry fruits with 0.3035−0.7403% anthocyanins content meet the pharmacopoeial norm (0.3%). Furthermore, dried bilberry fruits, containing from 1.0151 to 2.0164% anthocyanins, can also be considered as a valuable anthocyanin raw material, however, the loss in anthocyanins content is 48.956% on average. The period of full usefulness of bilberry fruit in the context of anthocyanins content coincides with the period of their consumption attractiveness, so there is no need to apply separate recommendations for obtaining fruits of this species for medicinal purposes. We found however, that in the second half of the harvesting period, this raw material has a much more stable anthocyanins content than in the first, when it increases significantly.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2020, 164, 09; 783-792
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to Livelihood of People in Mokwa Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria
Autorzy:: Fajobi, E. A.
Fingesi, U. I.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1055275.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:: Humans
Livelihood
Mokwa
Non-Timber Forest Products
Opis:: This study focused on the contribution of NTFPs species to the livelihood of Mokwa people, Niger state. It was undertaken to ascertain the proportion of humans involved in the exploitation of NTFPs in the study area, to determine the types of NTFPs exploited and their roles in the lives of the communities and to determine the actual contribution of NTFPs species to the livelihood of the Mokwa people. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and oral interviews to acquire information from sampled members of the Mokwa LGA communities. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (tables, chart, and graphs). The findings from this study indicate that NTFPs are abundant in the study area and are found in all the forested land areas within the communities. NTFPs collection for utilization is usually carried out throughout the year. All the respondents in Ja’agi, Kudu, Kpaki, and Mokwa town collect and use the NTFPs in food preparation for the family and for other purposes. The number of households involved in the collection of NTFPs was highest in the Ja’agi community (95%), while only (28%) households were involved in Mokwa town. The chi-square test revealed that there were high significant differences (P>0.05) between the number of respondents involved in the collection and non-collection of NTFPs in Mokwa LGA. Twenty (20) plant by-products and fruits were the major types of NTFPs being collected. Most NTFPs species were of medicinal plants, while some supplement everyday meals. It should be noted that Mokwa LGA communities earn some money from the collection of NTFPs - especially from plants such as Vitellaria paradoxa (73%) Pakia biglobosa (16%), and Mangifera indica (4%). Lack of jobs in the government established institutions is the major problem facing the communities. It is, therefore, recommended that provision of jobs and business opportunities will help improve the living standard of the people and hence reduce their effect on the forest resources.
Źródło:: World News of Natural Sciences; 2018, 21; 77-89
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:: World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Wpływ wybranych czynników na zawartość składników mineralnych w soku brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth)
Influence of selected factors on the content of minerals in the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) tree sap
Autorzy:: Staniszewski, P.
Bilek, M.
Szwerc, W.
Gostkowski, M.
Osiak, P.
Żurek, N.
Kocjan, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978941.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: non−wood forest products
silver birch sap
minerals
Opis:: The aim of this study was to determine the content of selected minerals in silver birch sap, and to examine whether the tree thickness (DBH), the obtained daily volume of sap and the date of collection have an impact on their content. The study was carried out in central−eastern Poland, in the Garwolin Forest District, in a stand with a dominant share of silver birch at the age of 65, which grows on a moist mixed broadleaved forest habitat type. Sap from the selected trees was taken after 24 hours of leakage, four times, at weekly intervals. In each case, the daily sap volume was measured and the content of zinc, copper, and manganese was determined. As a result, no effect of tree diameter on the content of the studied elements was found. However, a negative relationship was stated between copper content and daily sap volume. Moreover, birch sap was characterized by increasing concentration of zinc and copper over time. The obtained results of the determination of the content of minerals in birch sap testify to the fact that it is characterized by high nutritional value. However, the large variability in its composition means that in order to obtain such benefits it is necessary to combine sap taken from as many trees as possible, while sap collected from only one tree may have a negligible nutritional value.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 424-431
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Podstawy metodyczne analizy dochodów z innych źródeł niż sprzedaż drewna Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe
Methodical foundations for the analysis of income from sources other than the sale of timber by the State Forests National Forest Holding
Autorzy:: Lotz, D.
Kocel, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979076.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: diversification
income analysis method
non−wood forest products
state forest
Opis:: The State Forests National Forest Holding (PGL LP) run business on the basis of financial independence, i.e. it covers the costs of this activity from its own revenues. In 2015, 92% of the revenues of forest districts came from the timber sale. Periods of slump in the timber market may threaten the financial stability of PGL LP, which is why one must seek and use additional revenues not related to the timber sale. The paper presents methods for determining the impact of income from sources other than the timber sale on the financial situation of PGL LP. We developed a) methods for determining the profitability of activities not related to the timber sale, b) an indicator determining the degree of utilization of the economic potential of forest districts with the intensification of activities not related to the timber sale, and c) statistical methods to group forest districts and PGL LP regional directorates with a similar degree or structure of diversification of activities not related to the timber sale and the amount of additional income in this respect. Data on revenues and costs of activities not related to the timbersale for all forest districts and regional directorates for the years 2005−2015 were taken from the State Forests databases. We analysed 11 types of activities not related to the timber sale. 58 types of revenue sources as well as 50 types of costs were investigated. Revenues and logging costs were also determined. An indicator of the share of costs in revenues from the non−timber activities of PGL LP, regional directorates or forest districts was developed to determine the total profitability not related to the timber sale. This indicator informs about the hypothetical financial situation of PGL LP, regional directorates or forest districts, i.e. what would be the ratio of costs incurred for total operations to the revenues of PGL LP organizational units if they were deprived of income from the timber sale. To examine the regional diversity in 2015 in terms of all incomes from activities other than the timber sale, we used principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis using the Ward method. We can distinguish the activities that forest districts should develop in the future and the ones that should ‘quench’. The division carried out with cluster analysis allow to identify groups of forest districts or regional directorates distinguished by features significant from the perspective of PGL LP financial practice.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2020, 164, 08; 628-636
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Zawartość wybranych metali ciężkich w soku brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth) oraz dobowa objętość pozyskanego soku w zależności od pierśnicy drzew
Content of heavy metals in the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) tree sap and the daily volume of sap depending on tree diameter
Autorzy:: Staniszewski, P.
Bilek, M.
Szwerc, W.
Gostkowski, M.
Osiak, P.
Poleszak, J.
Kocjan, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978960.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: non−wood forest products
silver birch sap
daily leak
heavy metals
Opis:: The aim of this study was to determine the content of selected heavy metals in birch sap, and to examine whether the tree diameter, the obtained daily sap volume and the date of collection have an impact on their content. Moreover, it was decided to check whether the tree diameter could affect the intensity of the sap leak. The study was carried out in central−eastern Poland, in the Garwolin Forest District, in a stand with a dominant share of silver birch at the age of 65, which grows on a moist mixed broadleaved forest habitat type. Sap from the selected trees was taken after 24 hours of leakage, four times at weekly intervals. In each case, the daily sap volume was measured and the content of lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium was determined. No effect of tree diameter on the content of the studied elements was found. We also proved that the tree thickness had an impact on the daily sap volume. However, a negative relationship was stated between lead and cadmium content and daily sap volume. In turn, over time, birch sap was characterized by increasing concentration of lead and cadmium, while in the case of nickel downward trend was shown for two diameter classes. The obtained results of the determination of the con− tent of heavy metals in birch sap testify to the fact that for most of samples it is characterized by health safety. However, few exceedances of the most restrictive potable water as well as fruit juices and nectars standards are encountered, confirming the susceptibility of birch sap to heavy metal pollution. Therefore, in order to guarantee the safety of consumers, primarily it is necessary to select the collection points taking into account potential industrial and agricultural pollution and secondly – combining birch sap taken from as many trees as possible in order to average a very large variation in the content of heavy metals, both between individual trees and over time. It should also be noted that consum.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2020, 164, 05; 432-440
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Identyfikacja przyczyn występowania wyrobów niezgodnych w kontekście funkcjownia łańcucha dostaw
Identification of causes of occurence non-conforming products in terms of functioning of the supply chain
Autorzy:: Nonas, B.
Staniewska, E.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/339964.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Zarządzania Produkcją
Tematy:: logistyka zwrotna
łańcuch dostaw
wyroby niezgodne
jakość
reverse logistics
supply chain
non-conforming products
quality
Opis:: Companies by working with suppliers and customers create supply chains. In order to strengthen its competitive position they pay special attention to the quality of products, because it is important for buyers. To ensure the high quality of manufactured products, the functioning of production process should be controlled by the company which allows to identify the causes of abnormalities that cause the deterioration of the quality level of products and the reduction of the resulting wastes. The article presents the identification of causes of non-conforming products from the point of view of the functioning of the supply chain. The first part shows the link between reverse logistics and quality aspects in the supply chain. The second part presents the results of studies which aim is analysis of way of location non-conforming products and their causes in selected metallurgical company. For the analysis were used indicators: total non-conforming products, useful non-conforming products and indicator of scrap. The level of these indicators is planned and monitored by the company on a monthly and annual basis.
Źródło:: Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem; 2016, 19, 2; 2-7
1643-4773
Pojawia się w:: Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Ubezpieczenia odpowiedzialności cywilnej podmiotów za szkody wyrządzone przez niebezpieczne produkty nieżywnościowe codziennego użytkowania w gospodarstwach domowych w Polsce
Liability Insurance for Damage Caused by Dangerous Non-Food Products of Everyday Use in Households in Poland
Autorzy:: Wieteska, Stanisław
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/586562.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:: Niebezpieczne produkty nieżywnościowe codziennego użytku
Odpowiedzialności cywilnej
Ubezpieczenie
Dangerous non-food products of everyday use
Liability insurance
Opis:: Celem tego artykułu jest ocena stanu, możliwości i potrzeb w zakresie ubezpieczenia odpowiedzialności cywilnej podmiotów za produkt. Rozważania ograniczymy jedynie do odpowiedzialności cywilnej za produkty nieżywnościowe codziennego użytkowania w gospodarstwach domowych. Pokażemy skalę alertów, a także możliwości ubezpieczenia podmiotów i ich odpowiedzialności cywilnej.
A characteristic feature of the current civilization is the mass production of all sorts of products. Despite the greater technological progress, organisational and legal security, we see that the defective, dangerous products, are still marketed. Manufacturers are responsible for the poor quality of products, this is a civil liability for the product. Consumer demands continue to grow and meet more and more consumer claims for defective products targeted for sale. The purpose of this article is to assess the status, opportunities and needs for civil liability insurance for the product. We limit the analysis only to civil liability for non-food items of everyday use in households. We'll show you the scale of the problems, as well as opportunities for insurance for business entity and their civil liability.
Źródło:: Studia Ekonomiczne; 2015, 248; 275-289
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:: Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Success and failure rates of new food and non-food products introduced on the market
Autorzy:: Rutkowski, Ireneusz P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164646.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022-04-05
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:: food or non-food products
new product
marketing
success and failure rates of new
product
new products introduced on the market
Opis:: Theoretical and empirical research reveals that despite implementing new product development and management best practices, many projects fail with new product strategies. But what if failure rates as high as 90% are true? This would mean that high costs of product innovation are incurred by many stakeholders who create a specific network of relationships, not just enterprises. The widespread belief that the new product failure rate is 90% is not supported by empirical evidence. The aim of the paper is to present the real market eff ects of new products, success and failure rates, from the point of view of food and non-food companies representing various industries. The research measures in the field of marketing and sales eff ects of new products are also proposed. The method used in this paper is a literature review in the area of new product development and management. The author assumes that the review and conceptual nature of this research isdominant. Practical and social implications of the study, its originality concerns the results that provide the basis for the improvement of enterprises’ eff orts in the field of a new product strategy. The limitations of the study include a complex character of considered theoretical constructs and they also concern the used secondary data sources on which the considerations in the article are based. The values of the paper refl ect the directions of enterprises’ conduct in the new food and nonfood product development process. Failure and success rates are in fact diffi cult to quantify. The research contribution to marketing sciences primarily includes the formulation of a set of real success and failure rates in food and non-food industries.
Źródło:: Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets; 2022, 1(14); 52-61
2449-6634
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Udostępnienie lasów do zbioru płodów runa leśnego w świetle przepisów i zwyczajów niektórych krajów Europy
Forest availability for the harvesting of forest by−products in the light of regulations and traditions of the selected European countries
Autorzy:: Barszcz, A
Sisak, L.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026353.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2003
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: uboczne uzytkowanie lasu
runo lesne
przepisy prawne
lesnictwo
zbior
Polska
Europa
forest accessibility
non−wood forest products
harvesting
Opis:: The paper is a review of regulations and principles concerning forests availability for the harvesting of non−wood forest products. The approach to this issue in the European countries is not uniform; account is taken of nature conservation, an interest of forest owners or local communities and sanctioned tradition. The need for the studies on the resources and control of harvesting volume are underlined.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2003, 147, 03; 89-93
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Risk types in notifications on motor vehicles in the RAPEX
Typy ryzyka w powiadomieniach dotyczących pojazdów silnikowych w systemie RAPEX
Autorzy:: Pigłowski, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/310922.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:: Rapid Alert System for dangerous non-food products
RAPEX
risk types
motor vehicles
System Szybkiego Informowania o Niebezpiecznych Produktach Nieżywnościowych
typ ryzyka
pojazd silnikowy
Opis:: The paper examined which risk type was most frequently notified on motor vehicles and what was its relationship with: year, notifying country, country of origin, and measures adopted by the notifying country. The data originated from Rapid Alert System for dangerous non-food products (RAPEX) database and concerned the period from 2005 to 2015. The cluster analysis and scatterplots using Statistica 12 was adopted. It was found that the risk type was directly related with the notifying country, followed by: year, country of origin and measures adopted. The most frequent risk was injury and the number of notifications in this area have increased over the last years. The notified motor vehicles originated predominatingly from Germany and also this country most frequently notified these products. The measures towards to notified vehicles were usually taken by the economic operator.
Zbadano, który typ ryzyka jest najczęściej zgłaszany wobec pojazdów silnikowych i jaka jest jego zależność z rokiem, krajem zgłaszającym, krajem pochodzenia i przyjętymi środkami. Dane pochodziły z bazy danych Systemu Szybkiego Informowania o Niebezpiecznych Produktach Nieżywnościowych (RAPEX) i obejmowały okres od 2005 do 2015 roku. Wykorzystano analizę skupień i wykresy rozrzutu posługując się programem Statistica 12. Stwierdzono, że typ ryzyka był bezpośrednio związany z krajem zgłaszającym, a następnie z rokiem, krajem pochodzenia i przyjętymi środkami. Najczęściej zgłaszanym ryzykiem było zranienie, a liczba powiadomień z tego zakresu wzrosła w ostatnich latach. Zgłaszane pojazdy silnikowe pochodziły przede wszystkim z Niemiec i także ten kraj najczęściej zgłaszał te produkty. Środki wobec zgłaszanych pojazdów przeważnie podejmowane były przez przedsiębiorcę.
Źródło:: Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 12; 374-376
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:: Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

Zmień widok

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Galasy rodzimych gatunków dębu jako potencjalny surowiec garbnikowy
Gall-nuts of native oak species as a potential tannin raw material
Autorzy:: Bilek, M.
Kozlowska-Tylingo, K.
Gostkowski, M.
Staniszewski, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980195.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: lesnictwo
uboczne uzytkowanie lasu
dab
Quercus
galasy
garbniki
taniny
zawartosc garbnikow
forest utilisation
non−wood forest products
oak
oak gall−nuts
tannins
Opis:: Oak gall−nuts are pathological excrescences on the leaves of oaks (in Poland: Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea Liebl.) created by the Cynips quercusfolii L. The potential medical use of these non−wood forest products should be taken under consideration because of widespread use in folk medicine, but also because of the presence of gall−nuts of Middle Eastern oak species Quercus infectoria in the current Farmakopea… [2017]. The aim of this study was the preliminary analyzes of Quercus robur L. galls in the context of the diversity of the raw material and its possible consequences for the variability in tannin content, and therefore for the therapeutic value. The galls were collected in September 2018 from five living trees forming compact mid−field tree plantation in Podkarpackie Region (SE Poland). To determine the tannin content, hide powder method was used, while mass spectrometry was used for determining the identity of the raw material. The tannin content was found to be between 10.02 ±0.2% and 15.47 ±0.07%. There were no statistical differences between the tannin content of four weight groups of tested gall−nuts. The analysis of mass spectra showed the presence of gallic acid and tannin disintegration products. The results indicate that the tannin content in domestic oak galls is lower than in Quercus infectoria ones, for which less than 20% is required, however Polish galls are still the richest native tannin raw material. It was not proved that the content of tannins in oak galls was influenced by their size. A large variation in tannin content depending on the sample suggests that it might be possible to identify i.e. forest sites or climatic zones, where the obtained gall−nuts will be characterized by the high tannin content.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2019, 163, 09; 746-753
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki