Temat: nieprzystosowanie społeczne - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: „OUTDOOR EDUCATION” W PROCESIE KSZTAŁTOWANIA KOMPETENCJI SPOŁECZNYCH MŁODZIEŻY NIEPRZYSTOSOWANEJ SPOŁECZNIE
"OUTDOOR EDUCATION" IN THE PROCESS OF SHAPING SOCIAL COMPETENCE OF SOCIALLY MALADJUSTED YOUTH
Autorzy:: Skuza, Aneta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/550827.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim
Tematy:: Outdoor Education
kompetencje społeczne
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
social competence
social maladjustment
Opis:: Pedagogika przeżyć dla wielu pedagogów jest idealną drogą uczenia, zresztą jeśli spojrzy się na korzenie wychowania i uczenia się, łatwo można znaleźć dowody potwierdzające efektywność uczenia się zorientowanego na działanie i przeżycie. Przekraczać granice, przyjmować wyzwania, pokonywać przeszkody, podejmować ryzyko i decyzje, konsekwentnie się ich trzymać, przetrzymać wybraną drogę, znajdować kreatywne rozwiązania – to są kompetencje, których się dziś wymaga i do których kształtowania dąży się podejmując różnorodne formy oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych
Pedagogy of experiencing for many pedagogues is an ideal way of learning, moreover, if you look at the roots of education and learning, you can easily find evidence of the effectiveness of learning focused on action and survival. Cross borders, take up challenges, overcome obstacles, take risks and decisions, consistently stick to them, survive the chosen path, find creative solutions - these are the competences that are required today and to which shaping is pursued by taking various forms of social rehabilitation interventions.
Źródło:: Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne; 2018, 12(2)/2018; 367-390
2300-1739
Pojawia się w:: Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Charakterystyka nieprzystosowania społecznego młodzieży podsądnej.
The profile of socially maladjusted youth placed under court guardianship.
Autorzy:: Zaremba, Katarzyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498168.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Stosowanych Nauk Społecznych i Resocjalizacji. Instytut Profilaktyki Społecznej i Resocjalizacji
Tematy:: nieprzystosowanie społeczne
młodzież
nadzór kuratorski
social maladjustment
youth
court guardianship
Opis:: Głównym celem artykułu jest poznanie obrazu nieprzystosowania społecznego młodzieży podsądnej. Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w grupie młodzieży, wobec której sądy rodzinne i nieletnich wydały postanowienie o zastosowaniu środka wychowawczego w postaci nadzoru kuratora. Grupę kontrolną stanowili uczniowie z zasadniczych szkół zawodowych. Łącznie uzyskano dane od 317 badanych osób (153 podsądnych i 164 uczniów szkół zawodowych). Okazało się, że grupa podsądna przejawia wyższy poziom nieprzystosowania społecznego w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Obraz ten prezentuje wadliwość funkcjonowania we wszystkich rolach społecznych (dziecka, ucznia, kolegi) odgrywanych przez młodzież w wieku szkolnym oraz szeroki wachlarz zachowań aspołecznych i zachowania nacechowane uciążliwą dla rodziców niesubordynacją.
The main aim of the paper is to outline the image of the youth’s social maladjustment. Our empirical studies were conducted on a group of young people for whom family and juvenile courts had ordered the application of court guardianship as educational measure. The control group consisted of vocational school students. In total, data was gathered from 317 subjects (153 defendants and 164 vocational school students). The findings prove that in comparison with the control group, defendants show a higher level of social maladjustment. This testifies to the impaired functioning across all social roles (child, student, colleague) to be played by school age youth and to a wide variety of antisocial behaviors and of contumacy manifestations, highly bothersome for parents.
Źródło:: Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja; 2015, 27; 7-37
2300-3952
Pojawia się w:: Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Dezorganizacja społeczna a przestępczość
Social disorganization and crime
Autorzy:: Kossowska, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699249.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1988
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: dezorganizacja społeczna
przestępstwo
przestępczość
rodzina
kontrola społeczna
gang
dewiacja
podkultura młodzieżowa
przestępstwo przeciwko życiu
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
zachowanie
social disorganization
crime
delinquency
family
social control
deviation
youth subculture
crime against life
social maladjustment
behaviour
Opis:: The notion of social disorganization, rather seldom used in sociology today, used to have a broad application in the American sociology of the 1920-1940s, in particular in the analysis of effects of such social processes as mass migrations, urbanization and industralization. The term of social disorganization was given to the negative effects of social changes related to these processes. Presently, this term is sometimes used in the analysis of the contemporary highly developed societes when discussing the stability of their cultural systems and the functioning of their basic social institutions. There are also in sociology many definitions of social disorganization; generally, it may be defined as the state of a disturbed social balance resulting from a social change first and foremost. What is the value of this term for a criminologist? Irrespective of the type of definition of social disorganization applied, one of its basic determinants is considered to be crime both as a mass phenomenon and as an individual act. Therefore this term is used in sociology since a long time to designate social phenomena that are rather varied for that matter. Traditionally, the term "social disorganization’’ meant in criminology social situation f und in the so-called delinquency areas which emerged in the period of vehement development of American cities as a result of mass migrations in search of livelihood. In traditional handbooks of criminology, a generalization of experimental findings concerning the processes that take place in delinquency areas is usually called the theory of social disorganization. Not long ago, a work by R. Kornhauser was published which is an attempt at a new approach to the development of the sociological theory of crime. In the work, two basic analytic models of investigation of crime conditions are distinguished. One of them is the model of social disorganization interpreted as a relative lack of a formulated system of values in a given culture and as a disturbed relationship between culture and the social structure. Two theoretical approaches can be distinguished here which are derived from the notion of social disorganization. They are: the model of social control and the model of strain. According to the first of them, disorganization results in the weakening of social control which manifests itself in disturbances either of the process of socialization or of the functioning of the basic social institutions, being thus conductive to the emergence of a delinquent or otherwise deviant behaviour. Acording to the second of the above-mantioned approaches, social disorganization brings about the rise of pressure towards delinquent behaviour, the strain resulting from the divergence between the socially formed aspirations and the expectations as to their realization. According to the authors of this classification, the main representatives of the social control trend are Thrasher as well as Shaw and McKay, and of the strain one-Merton, Cohen who derived his theoretical discussion from Merton's conception of anomy, and Cloward and Ohlin. The notion of social disorganization is also referred to in works of other theoreticians of criminology, such as for instance Sutherland and Sellin. They both refer to the results of the societies's cultural differentiation, that of the structure of norms in particular. Cultural diffrentiation, which is one of the effects of social disorganization, may sometimes - in extreme cases – assume the form of a conflict of cultures, i.e. of a state of fundamental conflict between the systems of norms and values of the separate social groups. Social disorganization cannot be treated as an explicitly defined and measurable social phenomenon. Instead, we can measure some situational determinants of disorganization which can be applied in studies of such social processes as migrations, vehement urbanization, rapid industrial development of regions with no industrial traditions, socio-economic crises, etc., on the one hand, and in studies of a disturbed functioning of social institutions that are particularly important for the society (the family in particular) on the other hand. In Poland, there is quite a rich tradition of investigating some aspects of social disorganization, as for instance studies of the effect urbanization and industrialization have on crime, of the symptoms of disorganization in urban environment, and above all of various aspects of family disorganization and their connection with delinquency. The notion of social disorganization, though susceptible of various interpretations, nevertheless seems useful in criminology as it makes it possible to combine into a syndrome the various traits of certain social situations that are conductive to delinquent behaviour.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1988, XV; 9-32
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Dzieci z 200 rodzin alkoholików i alkoholiczek
Children from 200 Families of Alcoholic Mothers and Fathers
Autorzy:: Strzembosz, Adam
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699280.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1976
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieprzystosowanie społeczne
patologia społeczna
dziecko
klasy społeczne
alkoholizm
przymusowe leczenie alkoholików
social maladjustment
social pathology
child
social classes
alcoholism
compulsory treatment of alcoholics
Opis:: 1. Subject of discussion will be such families of alcoholics (involving mothers and fathers) from the area of Warsaw, where the necessity arose to curtail, or suspend parental authority or deprive parents of such rights completely. The families investigated can be divided into the following categories: families where only the father was an alcoholic - 95 families (49.5%), families in which the father as well as the mother were alcoholics 64 families (33.3%) and families where only the mother was an alcoholic 33 familes (17.2%).* Note in the material studied here that as many as 54.5% of the mothers were considered to be alcoholics, and in this case 46% of these mothers-, alcoholics were registered as prostitutes. The mothers who were alcoholics had in 39% of the cases been convicted by courts (those who were not alcoholics in about 20% of the cases). Data regarding fathers who were alcoholics, whose average age in 1973 was 44 years, testify to the fact that the majority of them had no prior convictions or were only once convicted (57%): those with multiple convictions (four times and more) accounted for 20%. In the delinquency structure of the fathers was a predominance of violent offences committed when intoxicated. The majority of the fathers (57%) did not work or worked only on and off . The material conditions in these families of alcoholics were very unfavourable. 68% of these families lived in misery and want. Complete neglect of the children was found as regards the overwhelming majority of the fathers (62%) and a large number of mothers (41%). Especially adverse was the situation in families where the mothers were alcoholics and where misery and want was found in as many as 80%, complete neglect of the children by mothers in two-thirds of the families. As results from the above-mentioned data the situation of children in the families examined (especially in families where the mothers were alcoholics) was very bad; the criminality on the part of the fathers was, however, not a special problem here. 2. In 200 of the families of alcoholics, surveyed here, 487 children below the age- of 18 were brought up - 258 boys and 229 girls. Among these children, 20% were of pre-school age, 39.8% between 7 and 12, 38.2% between 13 and 17 years. The follow-up period was studied, regarding 487 children and juveniles from these families until the oldest among them (being at the beginning of the study above 10 years old) had reached the average age of 20 years. It should, however, be borne in mind that during the follow-up period only those data were at the disposal which could be obtained from official records, which contained information about cases brought before a court and arrests of these individuals by the police. Thus, an essential shortcoming, connected with the impossibility to conduct environmental interviews, is the lack of information about other facts, besides those in the records, such as symptoms of social maladjustment or whether the investigated individuals possessed professional qualifications and whether they had worked, in which milieu they had lived, whether they had systematically drunk alcohol to excess, etc. But data found in the records of the guardianship court, regarding the school period of the juveniles exactly characterize the extent of their social maladjustment. Significant is above all the fact that the sons of alcoholics (fathers and mothers) were often delayed in their studies at school. Among the boys below ten years one-third were already delayed in their studies: at the age between 10 and 12 half of them, however above 12 three- fourths. Among the latter there were 63% delayed by two or more years. Among girls below 10 years 14% were delayed, at the age between 10 and 12-44%, and above 12 - as many as 69%. Among girls aged above 12-43% were delayed by two and more years. Among older boys as well as older girls approximately half were children, systematically playing truant. Note data, pointing to the fact that as many, as 35% of the girls between 14 and 17 showed symptoms of sexual demoralization. In 1975 when 270 boys and girls were already above 18 years old, and their average age amounted to 20 years, it turned out that 22% of the boys had already been tried by juvenile courts, 18% had been brought before juvenile courts as well as the ordinary court and 16% only before an ordinary court. Thus generally speaking, those who faced trials during their juvenility or were convicted after having reached the age of 17, accounted for as' much as 55%. Those convicted when over 17 accounted for 34%, in addition to this 12% were indicted, which gives a total of 45% of young adults who committed offences that were reported when they were over 17 years of age. The percentage given above (55%) of those who were tried when still juveniles or convicted after the age of 17, should be considered as a high one. But the degree of delinquency disclosed is small (62% of the convicted individuals were convicted only once); it should, however, be borne in mind that only three years divided them from the age of amenability to law. To the above mentioned data should be added information regardin arrests by polic because of intoxication - as many as 61% of those convicted (or tried) had already been arrested before because of insobriety, and among those without court records - 12%. However, information regarding the delinquency of daughters of the investigated families testifies to the fact that only 15% of them had court appearances (taking into account also the period when they were juveniles). None of the girls was registered as a prostitute. Worth emphasis is the fact that children brought up in families where the mothers are alcoholics were not more frequently convicted or. arrested because of intoxication, than those where only the father was an alcoholic. The entire aspect of data related to the follow-up period of children from families of alcoholics up to the time when they were on an average 20 years old indicates that approximately half of the boys (45%) were neither convicted nor arrested by the police because of intoxication and that 79% of the girls were neither convicted nor arrested by the police. These data, due to the lack of detailed environmental interviews, as already mentioned before, do not permit identification of this category of juveniles with young adults showing no symptoms of social maladjustment. Examining the entire aspect of the studies under discussion it would be worth while to mention the results of research, conducted under the guidance of Professor Swięcicki in the years 1967-1968 on children of families of alcoholics, who underwent treatment in several outpatient clinics to cure their drinking habit, results which showed, that in these families there were twice as many pupils repeating the same grade in school and young persons between 18 and 27, maladjusted to life in society, than in families of control groups from the same social milieu. Simultaneously a significant fact was noted, namely that in families belonging to the category with the worst expectations a considerable part of children did not reveal symptoms of social maladjustment. One may assume that to a considerable extent this depends on the biogenetic and psychogenetic features of the children partly being modified by sociogenetic factors, be noticed themselves, which are only in our studies, too, could a considerable group of young adults, not convicted arrested in an inebriate state by the police, youngsters who perhaps did not reveal symptoms of social maladjustment, something which could, however, be established only on the basis of detailed studies of the milieu.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1976, VII; 265-286
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Interpretacja wartości i norm społecznych przez młodzież - analiza porównawcza
Autorzy:: Florczykiewicz, Janina
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/606411.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:: values, social standards, youth, social maladjustment
wartości
normy społeczne
młodzież
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
Opis:: The issue showed in the text is about social values and standards considered as a social control factor. Their internalization is an expression of the level of moral development. It conditions the observation of social cohabitation rules. The presented researches show an issue of subjective interpretation of values and standards, comparative analysis declared by socially adapted and unadapted youth values. The results widen the knowledge of the range of youth values system and its connections with Social Maladjustment and show directions of youth educational interactions.
Podjęta w tekście problematyka dotyczy wartości i norm społecznych rozpatrywanych jako czynniki kontroli społecznej. Ich internalizacja jest wyrazem poziomu rozwoju moralnego, warunkując przestrzeganie zasad współżycia społecznego. W prezentowanych badaniach podjęto problem subiektywnej interpretacji wartości i norm, dokonano analizy porównawczej wartości deklarowanych przez młodzież przystosowaną i nieprzystosowaną społecznie. Otrzymane rezultaty poszerzają wiedzę w zakresie systemu wartości młodzieży i jej powiązań z nieprzystosowaniem społecznym oraz wskazują na kierunki oddziaływań wychowawczych na młodzież.
Źródło:: Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny; 2016, 35, 2
0137-6136
Pojawia się w:: Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Kryteria nieprzystosowania społecznego dzieci i młodzieży
Criteria of children's and youth's social maladjustment
Autorzy:: Ostrihanska, Zofia
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699304.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1972
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieprzystosowanie społeczne
dzieci
młodzież
social maladjustment
children
youth
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1972, V; 15-31
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Nieprzystosowanie społeczne i środowiska rodzinne młodzieży systematycznie nadużywającej alkoholu
The Social Maladjustment and Family Background of Young Heavy Drinkers
Autorzy:: Mościskier, Andrzej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699068.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1982
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieprzystosowanie społeczne
nadużywanie alkoholu
młodzież
środowisko rodzinne
przestępczość
alkoholizm
nieletni
social maladjustment
alcohol abuse
youth
family environment
criminality
alcoholism
juvenile
Opis:: The present paper is a report on the studies conducted in the years 1975-77, dealing with a group of young regularly excessively drinking men aged 18-25. The population from which the sample was randomly drawn consisted of men aged 18-25 inhabiting 4 of the 7 districts of Warsaw and reported by the district constables of the police as persons regularly excessively drinking (that is, getting drunk more frequently than once a week). The district constables reported the total of 1,273 men meeting the above criteria, which makes about 3% of the number of all men of this age living in these districts. In reality, the percentage of men of this age regularly excessively drinking is probably much higher, as a considerable number of constables stated that they worked in their districts for too short a period to know all the persons living there who would qualify for the study. From the mentioned population, 331 persons were randomly drawn for the study. The materials employed consist of interviews with the mothers of the examined persons and of information from official sources court records, prison files, documents of juvenile courts and detoxication centres. The similar data were gathered as regards all brothers of the examined persons who were also aged 18-25. When beginning the study, it was acknowledged that considering the criteria for the selection of the population, first of all persons with negative family background would be selected and that this very environmental characteristic would be the main determinant of differentiating the main group from the control group, where the family background - as it was easy to foresee - would be of a more favourable character. It was thus decided to eliminate the influence of family background variable in the selection of the control group, so as to render possible the protrusion - of other characteristics which differentiate the persons regularly excessively drinking from those of the control group. Considering this, the control group was made of all brothers of the examined persons who were also aged 18-25 but were not reported by the district constables as regularly excessively drinking. There were 111 brothers meeting these criteria, and they make the control group in the present study. The first part of the study was to verify if the family background of the examined persons and those included in the control group was indeed as negative as presumed. In this case, the hypnothesis was fully confirmed. Among the 311 families of those examined as many as 166 (53,3%) were one-parent or broken families which dated back to the time when the persons under examination had been minors. The families were in general numerous, average being 3 children per family, while there were 88 (28.3%) families with 4 or more children. For the further characterization of the families the data regarding fathers were employed. It turned out that 158 (50.8%) fathers were regularly excessively drinking; in fact in the majority of cases they were alcoholics. At least 98 (31.5%) fathers were convicted by courts and 91 (29.3%) by the Penal Administrative Commissions. Taking all these three characteristics together, it was stated that as many as 194 (62,4%) fathers were regularly excessively drinking or had criminal records. These data point to the large intensity of pathological phenomena in the families of persons under examination and their brothers from the control group. And yet on the other hand, taking into account the social and professional status (education and profession) of the fathers, their situation in this respect was found better than supposed, though they belonged to the lower social classes. The second part of the study deals with the extent of social maladjustment of persons under examination and their brothers from the control group. Apart from the fact that - according to the principles of sample selection - all the persons should have been regular heavy drinkers, the gathered data were verified in respect of their confirmation of this fact. As regularly excessively drinking the persons were recognized who - according to their mother’s statements - got drunk more often than once a week or had been taken into the detoxication entre. There were 253 (76.4%) such persons in the main group and 44 (40%) in the control group. Also, a category of persons who drank most frequently was distinguished, those who were probably alcoholics. In this category there were included persons who - according to their mothers’ statements - got drunk at least twice a week or had been taken into the Detoxication Centre at least three times. There were 122 (37%) such persons in the main group, and 17 (16%) in the control group. As to the symptoms of social maladjustment, they were decidedly greater in the main group than in the control group, which dated back as far as their childhood. And so, for instance, severe school problems (uncompleted elementary education or repeating classes) were found in 60.7% of the examined persons and in 42.3% of their brothers from the control group. 57.1% of the examined persons and 30.6% of their brothers from control group committed thefts outside their home and respectively 23.9% and 10.8% were placed in reformatories in consequence of their stealing. The differences in the extent of social maladjustment among both groups increased with age, and grew particularly large in the age of adulthood. And so, as many as 57.1% of the examined persons stayed out of work or worked irregularly as compared with 21.6% of their brothers from the control group. Suicidal attempts and self-injuries were performed by 29.3% of persons under scrutiny and by 9% of their brothers from the control group. There are also obvious differences as to the extent of delinquency in both groups. 42% of the persons examined and only 17.1% of their brothers had action brought against them in Penal Administrative Commissions and 60.1% of the persons examined and 28.8% of their brothers were convicted by court. Taking into account those convicted by court only, the percentage of recidivists was 50.8% in the test group and 46.9% in the control group, whereas the character of delinquency was similar in both groups, the majority being violent offences. Considering the fact that the control group consisted of brothers of the examined persons who were also aged 18-25, the great difference in the occurrence of the symptoms of social maladjustment between the two groups should be emphasized. Considering the decidedly negative character of the family background of both the persons examined and their brothers from the control group, the extent of social maladjustment in both groups could have been expected to be similar. On the other hand, it could be assumed that from the very criterion of selection to the main group - that is, from the information that the person in question regularly drank excessively, while there was no such information as to the brothers from the control group - it appears that alcohol is the factor that causes the larger extent of social maladjustment among the persons examined as compared with their brothers from the control group. However, this argument seems doubtful in the light of the data as to the social maladjustment during childhood, when drinking did not as yet come into question. As early as in the childhood, the persons examined manifested symptoms of social maladjustment to a decidedly higher degree than their brothers from the control group. In thus seems more probable that the larger intensity both of drunkness, and of other symptoms of social maladjustment is based on the personality characteristics, which are revealed in the early childhood. It is, however, beyond the limits of the present study to supply documentary evidence for this argument or to point out - on the basis of the empirical data - some individualistic characteristics influencing the subsequent social maladjustment; it will be accomplished in another study. This problem was, however, worthy of attention, being important for the theory as well as for practice, all the more so as the trend now prevails to take into account first of all the environmental factors in preventive and corrective treatment. The material presented above seems to suggest that the extent of social maladjustment among different persons with equally negative family backgrounds is influenced at least to the same and perhaps even greater degree by individual psychological than by environmental factors.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1982, VIII-IX; 339-362
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Nieprzystosowanie społeczne jako wyraz negatywnych ustosunkowań wobec norm
Social maladjustment as an expression of negative attitudes towards norms
Autorzy:: Pytka, Lesław
Florczykiewicz, Janina
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1369734.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-11-01
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:: nieprzystosowanie społeczne
młodzież nieprzystosowana społecznie
negatywne ustosunkowania wobec norm
social maladjustment
socially maladjusted youth
negative attitudes towards norms
Opis:: Celem badań było określenie ustosunkowań wobec norm młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie. Odwołano się do twierdzenia C. Czapówa, że nieprzystosowanie społeczne jest wynikiem negatywnych ustosunkowań jednostki, rozumianych jako niechęć do podejmowania zachowań zgodnych z normami. Badaniom sondażowym poddano 132 wychowanków zakładów poprawczych i młodzieżowych ośrodków wychowawczych. Potwierdzono założenie o występowaniu u młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie negatywnych ustosunkowań wobec badanych norm i niskim stopniu ich internalizacji. Ustalono, że młodzież wiąże stosowanie norm prawnych, religijnych, moralnych z wartościami, jednak poglądy te nie korespondują z ich przestrzeganiem. Uzyskane rezultaty wyznaczają implikacje dla praktyki resocjalizacyjnej – wskazują na konieczność wzmożenia wysiłków wychowawczych w zakresie wspomagania rozwoju moralnego jednostek nieprzystosowanych społecznie.
The aim of the study was to determine attitudes towards the norms of socially maladjusted youth. Reference was made to C. Czapów‘s claim that social maladjustment is the result ofan individual‘s negative attitudes, understood as a reluctance to engage in compliance with standards. A diagnostic survey was used.132 wards of juvenile detention centers and youtheducational centers took part in the study. Confirmed was the assumption that socially maladjusted adolescents had negative attitudes towards the tested standards and a low degree of internalization. It was established that young people associate the application of legal, religious and moral norms with values, but these views do not correspond to their observance. The results obtained determine the implications for the rehabilitation practice – they indicate the need to intensify educational efforts in supporting the moral development of socially maladapted individuals.
Źródło:: Resocjalizacja Polska; 2020, 19; 245-257
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:: Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Nowy model działań diagnostyczno – resocjalizacyjnych wobec nieletnich w środowisku instytucjonalnym w perspektywie założeń twórczej resocjalizacji
Autorzy:: Siemionow, Justyna Maria
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/607035.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:: nieprzystosowanie społeczne nieletnich
diagnoza resocjalizacyjna
efektywność procesu resocjalizacji
Opis:: Artykuł dotyczy nowego modelu działań diagnostycznych i resocjalizacyjnych wobec nieletnich w środowisku instytucjonalnym. Proces resocjalizacji nieletnich ma określone uwarunkowania, a jego przebieg zależy od wielu czynników zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych. Dynamika tego zjawiska pozostaje w ścisłym związku ze zmianami społeczno – kulturowo – ekonomicznymi, jakie pojawiają się w otaczającej rzeczywistości. Koniecznością staje się zatem systematyczne modyfikowanie działań diagnostycznych oraz wychowawczych, tak aby skuteczność prowadzonych oddziaływań była jak najwyższa. Podstawy teoretyczne prezentowanego modelu tworzy koncepcja poznawczo – behawioralna. Proponowane tu rozwiązania są na tyle uniwersalne, że mogą być zastosowane w pracy zespołów wychowawczych funkcjonujących w różnych instytucjach wychowawczych.
Źródło:: Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny; 2019, 38, 2
0137-6136
Pojawia się w:: Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Odpowiedzialność sądowa oraz tło motywacyjne nieakceptowalnych społecznie zachowań młodzieży
Criminal liability and the motivational background of socially unacceptable behaviour of youth
Autorzy:: Jurczyk, Marcin
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43665830.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-12-28
Wydawca:: Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:: nieletni
adolescent
motyw
odpowiedzialność sądowa
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
resocjalizacja
przestępczość
minor
motive
criminal liability
social maladjustment
rehabilitation
crime
Opis:: W artykule przedstawiono analizę wyników badań przeprowadzonych wśród osób nieletnich przebywających w zakładach resocjalizacyjnych oraz wśród młodzieży pozostającej w zgodzie z normami prawnymi ze szkół ponadgimnazjalnych. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była analiza uprzedniej karalności sądowej badanych oraz analiza istniejących różnic w rodzaju deklarowanego tła motywacyjnego w podejmowaniu zachowań naruszających normy prawne i społeczne wśród badanej młodzieży. Łącznie przebadano 133 nieletnich przebywających w zakładach poprawczych oraz 133 uczniów ze szkół ponadgimnazjalnych. Posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy pozwoliły stwierdzić, że w grupie dziewcząt przebywającej w zakładach poprawczych relatywnie częściej dominuje motyw zdobycie rzeczy (pieniędzy), których się nie ma oraz naśladowanie kolegów. Z kolei wśród chłopców z zakładów resocjalizacyjnych najczęściej typowanym motywem było odpłacenie komuś za wyrządzone krzywdy oraz chęć dania komuś nauczki. Wśród dziewcząt ze szkół ponadgimnazjalnych, dominującym motywem podejmowanych zachowań naruszających normy społeczne okazał się motyw naśladowania kolegów. Wśród chłopców z tejże grupy nie stwierdzono istotne znaczącego motywu.
The article presents an analysis of the results of research carried out among minors residing in social rehabilitation centres and adolescents from upper secondary schools complying with the legal norms. The aim of the conducted research was to analyse the previous criminal record of the respondents and to analyse the existing diff erences in the type of the declared motivational background in undertaking behaviours that violate legal and social norms among the examined adolescents. A total of 133 minors from juvenile detention centres and 133 students from upper secondary schools were examined. The diagnostic survey method was used. The results of the analysis show that in the group of girls from juvenile detention centres, the motive of getting things (money) that they do not have and imitating their colleagues dominates relatively more often. In turn, among boys from rehabilitation centres, the most frequently indicated motive was repaying someone for the harm done and willing to teach someone a lesson. Among girls from upper secondary schools, the motive of imitating friends turned out to be the dominant motive for behaviour that violates social norms. No signifi cant motive was found among boys from this group.
Źródło:: Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze; 2021, 605(10); 72-84
0552-2188
Pojawia się w:: Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Poczucie identyfikacji terytorialnej a nasilenie zachowań antyspołecznych w grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie
The feeling of territorial identification and the intensity of antisocial behaviour in a group of maladjusted adolescents
Autorzy:: Konaszewski, Karol
Prymak, Tomasz
Rutkowski, Sebastian
Tuci, Alfred
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371202.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018-10-19
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:: Identyfikacja terytorialna
młodzież
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
Opis:: Celem pracy jest prezentacja wybranych wyników badań, poświęconych poczucia identyfikacji terytorialnej w grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej w kontekście ich zachowań antyspołecznych. W przypadku niniejszych badań poczucie identyfikacji odnośni się hierarchicznie do pięciu kręgów: miejsca zamieszkania, regionalnego, narodowego, europejskiego i globalnego. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, w ramach którego wykorzystano technikę ankiety. W celu określenia obrazu wadliwego funkcjonowania społecznego wykorzystano Skalę Nieprzystosowania Społecznego Lesława Pytki. Ogółem przebadano 481 wychowanków młodzieżowych ośrodków wychowawczych. Statystyczna analiza danych nie wykazała różnić w poczucie identyfikacji terytorialnej ze względu na poziom nasilenia zachowań antyspołecznych w grupie młodzieży z ośrodków wychowawczych.
The purpose of the article is to present selected results of research into the feeling of territorial identification in a group of adolescents suffering from maladjustment in the context of their antisocial behaviour. In the case of the present research, the feeling of identification is hierarchically related to five circles: residential, regional, national, European and global. The research was conducted using the diagnostic opinion poll method, within the scope of which the survey technique was utilised. In order to construct a picture of defective social functioning, the thesis employs the Social Maladjustment Scale by Lesław Pytka. In total, 481 pupils of youth educational centres were surveyed. Statistical data analysis did not indicate any differences in the feelings of territorial identification related to the intensity level of antisocial behaviour in the group of adolescents from youth educational centres.behaviour in the group of adolescents from youth educational centres.
Źródło:: Resocjalizacja Polska; 2018, 16; 113-126
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:: Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Poczucie koherencji a style radzenia sobie ze stresem w grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie
Sense of Coherence and Stress-Coping Styles in the Group of Maladjusted Youth
Autorzy:: Konaszewski, Karol
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371445.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017-01-29
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:: poczucie koherencji
młodzież
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
sense of coherence
youth
social maladjustment
Opis:: Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy poziom poczucia koherencji łączy się ze stylami radzenia sobie ze stresem w grupie osób badanych. Założono, że w grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej poczucie koherencji będzie korelowało pozytywnie ze strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem opartymi na rozwiązywaniu problemów oraz poszukiwaniu kontaktów towarzyskich, natomiast negatywnie ze strategiami opartymi na ujawnianiu emocji. W badaniach zastosowano Kwestionariusz Orientacji Życiowej (SoC-29) i Kwestionariusz Radzenia Sobie w Sytuacjach Stresowych (CISS) W grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej współczynniki korelacji wskazują na umiarkowany, dodatni związek poczucia koherencji i jego trzech komponentów: poczucia zrozumiałości, poczucia zaradności, poczucia sensowności ze stylem skoncentrowanym na zadaniu. Wystąpiła również korelacja dodatnia pomiędzy ogólnym poczuciem koherencji a poszukiwaniem kontaktów towarzyskich. Istotne statystycznie współczynniki korelacji otrzymano również między stylem skoncentrowanym na emocjach a ogólnym poczuciem koherencji i jego trzema składnikami.
The objective of the article is the answer to the question if the level of the sense of coherence is linked with stress-coping styles in the group of subjects. It was assumed that in the group of maladjusted youth the sense of coherence would positively correlate with stress-coping strategies based on problem-solving and looking for social contacts, whereas negatively with strategies based on emotion display. The research employed the Life Orientation Questionnaire (SOC-29) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) Questionnaire. In the group of maladjusted youth, correlation coefficients indicate a moderate, positive relationship of the sense of coherence and its three components: a sense of comprehensibility, a sense of manageability and a sense of meaningfulness with a task-focused style. There was also a positive correlation between the general sense of coherence and looking for social contacts. Statistically significant correlation coefficients were also obtained between the emotion-focused style and the general sense of coherence and its three components.
Źródło:: Resocjalizacja Polska; 2016, 12; 163-172
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:: Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Poziom wyobraźni twórczej u nieprzystosowanej społecznie młodzieży męskiej w wieku 13-16 lat
The level of creative imagination in socially maladjusted boys aged 13-16 years
Autorzy:: Skomiał, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818373.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-11-26
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:: social rehabilitation
social maladjustment
creative imagination
divergent thinking
pedagogika resocjalizacyjna
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
wyobraźnia twórcza
myślenie dywergencyjne
Opis:: W aspektach pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej brak jest badań empirycznych dotyczących pomiaru poziomu wyobraźni twórczej u osób nieprzystosowanych. W celu sprawdzenia założeń teoretycznych, które sygnalizują, że potencjał wyobraźni twórczej u młodzieży nieprzystosowanej jest niższy niż ich rówieśników, którzy są przystosowani społecznie, postanowiono określić istotność różnic w poziomie wyobraźni twórczej pomiędzy młodzieżą męską w wieku 13-16 lat nieprzystosowaną społecznie a niemanifestującą takich symptomów. Przeprowadzone badania bazują na teorii twórczości J.P. Guilforda, opartej na myśleniu dywergencyjnym. W badaniach posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego, techniką psychometryczną, jako narzędzie wykorzystano Test Wyobraźni Twórczej (TWT) i Test Kółek (TK). W analizie statystycznej zastosowano test t-Studenta. Zebrany materiał statystyczny pozwolił stwierdzić, że nieprzystosowana społecznie młodzież męska w wieku 13-16 lat wykazała się mniejszym poziomem wyobraźni twórczej niż ich rówieśnicy nieposiadający takich symptomów. Wyniki niniejszych badań wskazują na konieczność podjęcia działań wychowawczych w celu pobudzania dyspozycji twórczych (myślenia dywergencyjnego, kreowania funkcji kompensacyjnej, dojrzałości emocjonalnej) wśród młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie.
In aspects of social rehabilitation there is a lack of empirical research concerning the measurement of the level of creative imagination in people who are socially maladjusted. In order to verify the theoretical assumptions, which indicate that maladjusted youth has lower potential of creative imagination than socially adapted adolescents, it was decided to determine the significance of differences in the level of creative imagination among socially adapted and socially maladjusted boys aged 13-16 years. The study is based on the theory of creativity developed by J.P. Guilford. This theory refer to divergent thinking. In the study, the method of diagnostic survey and psychometric technique have been used. As research tools the following tests have been used: Test of Creative Imagination (TCI) and Torrance's Circles Test. During the statistical analysis were used Student's t-test. The analysis of the collected statistical material allowed to say that socially maladjusted boys aged 13-16 years showed a lower level of creative imagination than their peers who are socially adapted. The results of this study indicate the need to take educational activities in order to stimulate creative disposition (divergent thinking, creating compensatory function, emotional maturity) among socially maladjusted youth.
Źródło:: Student Niepełnosprawny. Szkice i rozprawy; 2016, 16, 9; 309-327
1689-6416
Pojawia się w:: Student Niepełnosprawny. Szkice i rozprawy
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Prężność psychiczna a wsparcie społeczne w grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie. Badania pilotażowe
Resiliency and Social Support in the Group of Socially Maladjusted Youth
Autorzy:: Konaszewski, Karol
Kwadrans, Łukasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371408.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017-07-28
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Tematy:: prężność
młodzież
ośrodki kuratorskie
nieprzystosowanie społeczne
resiliency
youth
attendance centres
socially maladjusted
Opis:: Celem niniejszego doniesienia jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy poziom prężności psychicznej łączy się z poczuciem otrzymywanego wsparcia w grupie osób badanych. Badania przeprowadzono na 174-osobowej grupie nastolatków, obojga płci, w wieku 14–18 lat.W prezentowanych badaniach uczestniczyły dwie grupy respondentów, 112 osoby zaklasyfikowano do grupy nieprzystosowanych społecznie, natomiast 62 osoby do grupy porównawczej. Badania przeprowadzono w ośrodkach kuratorskich. Do zbadania prężności psychicznej wykorzystano Polska skala SPP-18 N. Ogińskiej-Bulik i Z. Juczyńskiego oraz Kwestionariusz Czynników Wsparcia własnego autorstwa. Uzyskano następujące rezultaty: ogólny poziom prężności psychicznej koherencji i czynników 1, 3, 4 nie różni się istotnie w porównywanych grupach. Młodzież nieprzystosowana społecznie różni się istotnie od młodzieży z grupy porównawczej w wytrwałości i determinacji w działaniu oraz poczuciu wsparcia szkolnego. Prężność psychiczna oraz poczucie wsparcia (rodzinnego, szkolnego, rówieśniczego) korelują ze sobą w grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej.
The purpose of this report is to answer the question of whether the level of resiliency is combined with a sense of support received in the group of subjects. The study was conducted on a group of 174 teenagers of both sexes, aged 14–18 years. The study involved two groups of respondents. 112 individuals were classified as socially maladjusted and 62 as the controls. The study was conducted in attendance centres for adolescents at risk. SPP-18, a Polish scale for measuring resiliency, designed by N. Oginska-Bulik and Z. Juczyński, and author’s own Support Factors Questionnaire, were used in the study. The following results were achieved: the overall level of resiliency and factors 1,3,4 was not significantly different in the compared groups. Socially maladjusted youths significantly differed from the controls in perseverance, determination in action and a sense of support from the school. Resiliency and the perceived support (family, school and peer) were correlated in the group of sociallymaladjusted youth.
Źródło:: Resocjalizacja Polska; 2017, 13; 163-173
2081-3767
2392-2656
Pojawia się w:: Resocjalizacja Polska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Przestępczość na terenie Warszawy. Analiza ekologiczna
Delinquency in the Warsaw Area. Ecological Analysis
Autorzy:: Kossowska, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699288.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1976
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: nieprzystosowanie społeczne
przestępczość
Warszawa
patologia społeczna
klasy społeczne
social maladjustment
crime
Warsaw
social pathology
social classes
Opis:: This work is devoted to an analysis of the territorial differentiation of crime and delinquency in Warsaw and the establishment of the factors, conditioning it from the socio-economic and demographic point of view. The various Polish studies on the problem of delinquency in a big city milieu (differing substantially from one another, regarding the range of the phenomenon studied as well as the research methods used) point to the differentiation of the terrain of the big cities, subjected to studies, as to the degree of intensification of delinquency. One often comes across opinions that Warsaw, because of its war and post-war history, is not a typical city, where there could exist conditions for an unhampered influence of general ecological laws. During the Second World War Warsaw was utterly destroyed and efforts were made, when the city was being rebuilt, so that the various regions of the city would be uniform from the social point of view. The general balance of losses amounted in 1945 to approximately 70% of the city's buildings, and almost 100% of the most valuable complexes of buildings of the mid-town had been destroyed. Before the outbreak of the war in 1939 Warsaw had 1,282,000 inhabitants and when the city was liberated in 1945 only 162,000 people inhabited the capital, of whom 22,000 lives on the left bank of the river (mainly in the suburbs); in 1975 Warsaw had 1,300,000 inhabitants. According to estimates 700,000 Warsaw residents were killed and the remaining inhabitants were after the collapse of the Warsaw Uprising tin 1944 driven out of the city. Due to this deportation the Varsovians scattered all over the country and only part of them returned in 1944 to Warsaw. It is estimated that the main wave of return to Warsaw of its prewar inhabitants took place up to the year 1950, when the number of prewar Varsovians in Warsaw amounted to 500,000 (out of a total of 750,000). Thus, the remaining part of the residents of Poland's capital was a population either made up of migrants or due to the natural increase in population, or because new territories were incorporated into Warsaw. A stop was put to the initial spontaneous migration movement of the population from other regions to Warsaw in 1954 through the introduction of registration restrictions; this was caused by the fact that the building of new houses could not cope with the rate of growth of the population. The introduction of restrictions, checking the migration movement was not combined with putting the brake to the increase in employment, which brought in its wake an enormous, steady growth of the number of people daily commuting to work in Warsaw, sometimes from quite distant regions. Summing up, one could say that contemporary Warsaw is a city, which after almost complete destruction during the war has at a rapid rate been rebuilt, remodelled and markedly expanded as compared with its prewar shape. In principle, with the exception of relatively small parts of the city, present-day Warsaw cannot be compared with prewar Warsaw. It is being emphasized in studies, that a typical feature of postwar Warsaw is the lack of territorial segregation of the newcomers among the population, something which could be noticed in the city before the Second World War and is true today also of cities in Western Europe, America or other continents. In this city there are now no districts of traditional Varsovians and districts of the new-comers, especially from the countryside. The social changes in postwar Warsaw find their expression in the levelling of class and economic divisions between the population in the various residential areas. Social differences between the various districts also disappear at a rapid rate. It was the aim of the new social policy to shuffle the inhabitants from the social point of view, but partial studies conducted and observations revealed not only remnants of prewar aspects but also processes of some sort of selection, at the root of which lie once again economic reasons, as well as more complex psychological reasons. One of the factors differentiating the city as a whole, is the phenomenon of delinquency. This is being revealed by partial studies, of the delinquency in Warsaw, conducted during the course of the past 20 years, and concerning the various groups of offenders (mainly juvenile delinquents). The studies, to which this work is devoted, concentrate on the intensity of delinquency in the various regions of Warsaw. We have in mind here the differentiation of the city from the point of view of the intensity of various kinds of offences as well as the intensity of the number of delinquents inhabiting the various districts. Discussing the differentiation existing in the city in regard to delinquency we shall base ourselves on the administrative division of the city into districts, taking into account smaller regions, too i.e. what is called town planners’ regions. The table illustrates some of the characteristic features of these districts. These districts differ substantially from the point of view of socioeconomic features. And thus Praga North (VI) and Wola (IV) are the districts, with the biggest concentration of industry while the largest number of people employed in industry live in Praga North and Praga South (VII). The population of the various districts also differs in regard to their educational level: the highest percentage of people with at least secondary school education lives in Mid-town (district I), that with the lowest educational level in Praga North (VI). To this short characteristic should still be added that both Praga districts, situated on the right bank of the Vistula River were least destroyed during the war and there are more prewar Varsovians living there than in other districts. Especially in Praga North (VI) can be found regions which remained unchanged almost till now and which before the war were inhabited by the “lumpenproletariat” and a relatively large percentage of delinquent elements. The second division of the city used here was that into 79 town planners’ regions. This division was arranged for purposes of town planning and made it possible to set apart areas which were homogeneous from the urban and economic point of view. In our analysis this made it possible for us to set apart within each district some smaller regions, marked by a special intensification of delinquency. This study is based on statistical material of a dual type. We deal here with the official police statistics (containing data on the cleared up offences) for the various years between 1953-1973 (and in some cases also data from court records) as well as data especially collected by the Department of Criminology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, concerning almost all the offences reported to the police or which were revealed during investigations in 1968. This research was initiated in 1971, but material concerning the year 1969 could not be taken into consideration because of the amnesty nor that of 1970, which was the first year when the new penal code had become binding. During the course of the research- data were registered on special questionnaires, taken from the police investigation records, regarding offences committed in the area of Warsaw reported to the police in 1968 as well as the addresses of people, suspected of having committed them. When gathering these data certain types of offences of a specific nature were not taken into consideration, such as traffic, or fiscal offences or malfeasances in office. The analysis finally covered 82.4% of all the offences reported to the police in Warsaw in 1968, i.e. a total of 20,960 offences. The number of suspected individuals amounted to 12,257. Before the presentation of the results of the studies it should be recalled that, as is generally known, statistical data do not reflect the real extent of delinquency, not all the information about some the committed offences as being reported to the police and the officials entitled to prosecute. The dark number of offences that remain unrevealed, is everywhere a serious problem when examining the dimensions of delinquency. Presenting data regarding delinquency in Warsaw we want to start with a short comparison between delinquency in Warsaw and that of other cities in Poland. The intensity of offences committed in the area of Warsaw has markedly surpassed the average figure for delinquency in the whole of Poland. During the postwar period the gap between the figure for Warsaw and that of the whole of Poland was greater than before. While in 1938 there were 219.6 registered offences per 10,000 inhabitants of Warsaw (168.7 for the whole country), in the years 1965-1967 this coefficient amounted to 247.7 (142.3 for the whole country). The greater difference between the intensity of delinquency in Warsaw and the entire country can be explained mainly as being due to the large migration, following the almost complete destruction of Warsaw during the war. But for a number of years already, there is no longer a noticeable tendency for an increase in the difference of the dimensions of delinquency between Warsaw and the rest of the country. Comparing with other cities in Poland the number of reported offences in Warsaw is rather high, though it is by no means the highest (Warsaw is the largest city in Poland, the only one that has over one million inhabitants). The delinquency rates (i.e. the number of offences in relation to that of the inhabitants) as well as its structure are in Warsaw similar to an entire group of cities, with over 200,000 inhabitants. It should be emphasized that there are only slight differences between big and small towns as regards the intensity of delinquency, though there can be noticed a distinct difference in the structure of delinquency. While Warsaw - just as the remaining cities in Poland - is marked by a considerable number of offences against property, offences against the person are distinctly much more frequent in small towns. The above-mentioned facts are related to offences registered in police records. The situation is different if one takes into account the number of people convicted for offences committed in the area of Warsaw. But in this case one should separately discuss convictions of people above 17 and of juveniles (between 10 .and 16, i.e. who are under age). Criminality of persons above the age of 17, who constitute approximately 82% of the total of persons convicted for offences, is relatively low as compared with other towns. Thus in the years 1971-1973 there 72.8 of the convicted offenders per every ten thousand of inhabit-years were ants above 17, while this coefficient for all the cities and towns in Poland amounted to 85.1. However, juvenile delinquency adopts in Warsaw especially large dimensions. In the years 1971-1973 the coefficient of convictions of juvenile delinquents amounted in Warsaw to 128.6 per 10,000 inhabitants between 10 and 16 years, while the average every coefficient of all the towns amounted to 89.5. The general picture of delinquency in Warsaw as compared with other towns in Poland is as follows: a large (though not the largest) number of offences committed, a very large number of convictions of juveniles and a small number of convictions of adults. Striking in this picture are the remarkable differences between indices related to reported offences on the one hand and indices of convictions of adults on the other hand, which is not noticed to such an extent in other cities and towns. Not taking into account here the problem of the dark number of unrevealed offences, one has to reckon with the probability of a larger average number of offences committed on an average by the individual perpetrator from city areas than is the case with those from other areas, due to the anonymity in a city crowd. We start our analysis of the differences regarding the dimensions of delinquency in the Warsaw area with a presentation of the intensity of this phenomenon in all seven administrative districts of the city, taking into account the place where the offence was committed. Use was made of police records from the years 1965, 1968 and 1971. These data reveal that only two districts differed as to the intensity of delinquency, while delinquency in the remaining districts was on an even level. Thus, the highest coefficients of registered offences per 10,000 inhabitants were found in the Mid-town district (the average coefficient of the three above-mentioned years was 377.3) and the Praga North district (average coefficient 325.4). However, in the remaining five districts the average coefficients of delinquency remained in a relatively narrow range from 159.0 to 218.4. Also from the point of view of the structure of the offences committed, only the two above-mentioned districts Mid-town and Praga North were marked by specific features. The Mid-town district is characterized by a particularly high percentage of offences against individual property and by petty offences against the person, as a rule committed under the influence of alcohol. Praga North distinguishes itself by the especially great extent of offences against the socialized property and by the more serious offences against the person. All Warsaw districts are large administrative units, each one of which is inhabited by approximately 200,000 people and they perform simultaneously various 'socio-economic functions; nevertheless Praga North and Mid-town districts reveal in this respect quite separate features, which is undoubtedly connected with the larger dimensions of delinquency. The Mid-town district situated in the centre of the city, is the only one that has no suburban areas, occupies the smallest area and has decidedly the greatest density of population. From the functional point of view it is the commercial, entertainment and transportation centre of Warsaw. In this area are the largest department stores, cinemas and other entertainment places, there also cross the urban and suburban transportation and traffic routes. The Praga North district on the other hand distinguishes itself from other districts neither by the size of its territory nor the density of population, it also has suburban areas. But part of it performs nevertheless the role of a commercial and entertainment as well as transportation centre for that part of the city, which is situated on the opposite bank of the river than the Mid-town district. In addition to this the Praga North district was one of the two districts of Warsaw that were least destroyed during the last war and retained part of the old buildings of a low standard, inhabited by the former residents, mainly by workers. Not without significance, too, is the fact that the Praga North district includes one of the most industrialized territories of Warsaw. The statements made above are related to large territorial units, namely the administrative districts of the city. Studied, too, were differentiations in the intensity of offences committed within each district, on the basis, as mentioned before, of the division of the city into town planned regions. It turned out, that the coefficients of delinquency in the various regions as well as the absolute figures of offences reported, make one reach unanimous conclusions. The largest extent of reported delinquency was found in two types of regions: in the central regions of the entire city or of particular districts as well as in regions with a concentrated industry. However, the smallest dimensions of this phenomenon are noted in suburban regions, which perform above all the functions of residential and recreational areas. Mention was made above of the differences in intensity of delinquency in Warsaw as the place where the offences were committed.. Now we wish to pass over to a discussion of the place of residence of people suspected of having committed offences. Analyzing data on the intensity of delinquency in relation to place of residence (the number of the perpetrators of offences in relation to the number of inhabitants of a given area, in the respective age groups), for the various districts, regarding juvenile delinquents (from 10 to 16 years), young adults (17-20) and adults (21 and above), it was found that the largest number of offenders live in Praga North. The sequence of other districts arranged according to the intensity of delinquency depends on the given age group. In the case of juveniles, Zoliborz takes second place and the Mid-town third. Note, that as far as young adults and adults are concerned the Mid-town has the smallest number of them living there. An illustration of these statements are the coefficients of suspected inhabitants of a given district, in the given age groups as compared with the total population of that age. Thus, the coefficients pointing to the number of juvenile, young adult and adult delinquents domiciled in the given area, are the highest for Praga North, amounting in this district, respectively to: 20.1, 25.1 and 9.1 (per 1,000 inhabitants of the given age groups). In the Mid-town district are much lower coefficients than those mentioned before: 11.3 for young adults and 4.8 for adults. Thus we see, that the Mid-town, which as far as the place where the offence was committed, belonged, together with Praga North, to the districts where the number of offences committed was highest. Nevertheless the Mid-town has the lowest number of young adult and adult delinquents living there. Thus the number of juvenile delinquents living there is rather high in the Mid-town district, but this is understandable, if one takes into account the fact that juvenile delinquents as a rule commit offences in the direct neighbourhood of their place of residence. On the other hand, it should be stressed that in Praga North, which distinguishes itself also by a high number of offences committed and outdistances even more the remaining districts as regards the number of offenders who have their domicile in this district. The difference found in the number of offenders with domicile in the various districts as compared with the differentiation of these districts regarding the offences committed there can also be noticed when one takes into account the structure of delinquency. For the sake of simplicity in this analysis offences have been divided into five categories: against the person, against the authorities and public offices, against the property, robberies and “others”. When we compare the coefficients regarding the number of offenders with domicile in a given district the number of offenders living there per the total number of inhabitants of the district in the age group 10 years and more (ratio 1:1,000), it has been revealed that most persons suspected of having committed robbery and offences against property can be found in Praga North. In the case of those who committed offences against the person first place is taken by Żoliborz. An analysis of the structure of delinquency of persons in various age groups indicates that a larger percentage of juveniles suspected of having committed offences against the person are living in the Mid-town than in other districts, and that a high percentage of persons suspected of having committed offences against property among young adults and adults live in Praga North. Striking in all the age groups is the particularly high percentage of persons suspected of offences against property among those living outside Warsaw. The next problem that has to be dealt with in the ecological analysis of delinquency is that of the “mobility” of the offenders living in the various districts of Warsaw. In other words, to what extent the offenders living in a given district commit offences in this district and to what in other districts. It is known that juveniles as a rule commit offences in the direct neighbourhood of their domicile, and that is why in their case one may not expect special “spatial mobility”. Despite this, though 75-90% of the juvenile delinquents living in each district commit offences there (excluding the Mid-town where this percentage is higher), nevertheless it can be clearly noticed that juveniles, committing offences not in their own district do that most frequently in the Mid-town district. This is true especially of that part of Warsaw situated on the left bank of the Vistula; in both districts Praga North and Praga South on the other bank of the river a slightly larger percentage of “wandering” juveniles commit offences in the district on the same side of the river than in Mid-town. But 'the differences in this case are minimal and do not blur the general picture of the Mid-town as a district with the largest centration of delinquency committed there by juveniles inhabiting other districts. This is true especially if one takes into account juveniles from outside of Warsaw, of whom as many as 27.5% commit offences in Mid-town. As to young adults, the same conclusions may be drawn, regarding their “delinquent mobility” as in regard to juveniles, but with two exceptions. First, young adults more frequently than juveniles commit offences outside the district where they live, secondly, almost the same percentage of young adults living outside Warsaw commit offences in Praga North (22%) as in the Mid-town (21.3%). In other districts these percentages are markedly lower. As far as delinquency of adults is concerned, the Mid-town is marked by the greatest concentration of offences committed outside the place of residence, while Praga North is the site where most frequently offences are committed by adults, living outside Warsaw. It seems that the latter phenomenon is connected with the fact that in this district there are two large railway stations. The concentrating role of the Mid-town and to a lesser extent of Praga North - can also be noticed if one takes into account the various types of offences. Those living in various districts who commit offences against the person, against authorities and public offices, as well as offences against property, if they commit these offences outside the district of their domicile, do that most frequently in the Mid-town (in the case of offences against property this concerns left-bank part of Warsaw). Note, that the perpetrators of robbery do it mainly in the district where they live and in the case of this category of offenders no concentrating role of the Mid-town is being observed. Note the interesting ecological phenomenon that the Vistula River constitutes some sort of barrier, cutting through the channel of “delinquency mobility”. While offenders living in the five districts of Warsaw, situated on the left bank of the river most frequently committed offences in the Mid-town (in cases when such offences were committed outside the district of their domicile), those who lived in the two districts on the right bank more often committed offences in the neighbouring district, situated on the same bank of the river and not in the Mid-town. The data presented above on the place of residence of certain categories of offenders in the various districts and their “mobility” in connection with the offences committed by them, lead to the unequivocal conclusion, that the differentiation of Warsaw districts from the point of view discussed here makes it possible to divide them into two groups. The first group are the Mid-town and Praga North, each one of which has its clearly defined specific features, while the second group is made up of the remaining districts, which as a rule are similar regarding delinquency. The further part of this work discusses the connections between the demographic and socio-economic character of 'the various districts and the extent of delinquency on their territory approached from the point of view of the site where the offences were committed as well as the domicile of the perpetrators studied with the use of factor analysis. Taken into account in this analysis were 7 variables related to delinquency and 19 variables defining the above-mentioned characteristic features of the district. As a result of the analysis two independent factors were set apart. The first of them defines the district in the following way: a large number of adults living in this district who are suspected of having committed offences, the extent of alcoholism among the residents, a population earning their living in industry, a large percentage of the population with a low educational level, higher infant mortality than somewhere else, the concentration of industry in this district and a lower housing standard than elsewhere. The second factor defines the district in the following way: a high concentration of delinquency in general, juvenile delinquency and that of adults (here it is a question of the site where the offences were committed and not of the domicile of the offenders), a large number of juveniles living there, suspected of having committed offences, high sales figures of alcohol, concentration of trade, better access to social services rendered to the population. Thus we see that factor I defines city regions, characterized by remnants of the past social and urban neglect. It is striking that precisely those regions where there is a concentration of the features making up an undoubtedly negative milieu (alcoholism, low housing standard, higher infant mortality than elsewhere) are simultaneously inhabited by a majority of young adults and adult offenders. However, at the same time those regions in which juveniles are residing and offences are being committed (by adults and juveniles) are of a different character. These latter regions are defined by factor II, regarding the Mid-town district with its features of commercial and entertainment centre. To the syndrome of variables, making up this factor, do not belong any traits which could characterize unfavourable environmental conditions (as an urban milieu). Nevertheless, precisely with this factor in connected the concentration of delinquency committed by adults and juveniles as well as the concentration of juvenile delinquents’ domicile. Among those Warsaw districts which are being defined by factor I, first comes Praga North and the last place is occupied by the Mid-town district. The order in which districts are arranged as defined by factor II is: first comes the Mid-town and then Praga North. Thus one notes a certain duality as regards Praga North, which being a commercial and entertainment centre of 'that part of the city, situated on the rigiht bank of the river, is characterized by the appearance, side by side, of terrains with modern big city buildings and regions with a very low standard of housing, and frequently one and the other are in closest neighbourhood. Connected with this is also a substantial differentiation as regards the population from the point of view of socio-demographic features. Undoubtedly it is precisely the dual nature of this district which explains the high place occupied by it among districts which come under the above-mentioned factors. Note also the fact that - in contradistinction to the case of adults - both aspects of juvenile delinquency, i.e. the domicile of the juveniles as well as the site where they commit the offences, are connected with the same “mid-town” factor. While the fact that the majority of offences are being committed in mid-town regions which are the commercial and entertainment centres of the city, seems understandable, due to the greater influx of people, the anonymity of the human crowd, etc., it may be surprising, that it is the domicile of the majority of the juvenile delinquents and not the regions marked by the remnants of social and urban backwardness, as is the case with adults offenders. But it should be borne in mind, that we are realing here with all the reported juvenile delinquents, irrespective of the degree of their demoralization. One may assume, that juveniles with a high degree of demoralization live in the same regions as the adult delinquents. In turn juveniles who are less demoralized have undoubtedly, in case their domicile is close to the commercial and entertainment centres, more opportunities to avoid the control of the adults, which is also connected with more convenient conditions for the committment of petty offences against property, typical of juvenile delinquents.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1976, VII; 141-263
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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