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Tytuł:
Uwagi o Alvina Plantingi rozumieniu konieczności
Remarks on Alvin Plantinga’s conception of necessity
Autorzy:
Czernecka-Rej, Bożena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690890.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
necessity
Alvin Plantinga
Opis:
Alvin Plantinga’s understanding of necessity is discussed. The kinds of necessity, as seen by Plantinga, are indicated, and concepts are described which are sometimes identified with the concept of necessity. The distinction between de dicto necessity and de re necessity is the principal matter for Plantinga. After their short characteristic, the attempts of the de re necessity rejection, undertaken by some authors, are presented. In the final part of the paper Plantinga’s argumentation aiming at defense of the de re necessity is discussed. Critical remarks, concerning the presented material, are a part of the paper.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2010, 47; 109-133
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combating Terrorism at the Expense of Innocent People. A Criminal Law Perspective
Autorzy:
Jutta, Taferner,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
terrorism
hijacked aircraft
exculpatory necessity
justifying necessity
self-defence
consent
Opis:
Nowadays terrorism is becoming an increasing world-wide problem. To prevent and combat terrorist activities various national and international measures are implemented, however thereby often innocent people are killed or suffer infringements of their legal interests. This article deals with the question of how far counterterrorism can go and if even the sacrifice of innocent civilians is accepted, if the struggle against terrorism requires this. Since 9/11 the topic of shooting down a hijacked passenger aircraft that threatens to crash into a building on the ground, has caused heated discussions. Is it lawful and therefore allowed to kill innocent in order to save others? Or shall the perpetrator be excused and therefore exempt from punishment? This article shows the legal situation as well as the current opinions in Germany and Austria and aims to make a contribution to the solution of this legal problem.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 67; 33-50
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unemployment and new firm formation: evidence from Polish industries at the regional level
Autorzy:
Wosiek, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
unemployment rate
necessity entrepreneurship
Polish regions
Opis:
Research background: The present study takes the regional economics perspective to explaining new firm registrations. It focuses on the driving role of unemployment rate in the process of new business formation. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the study is to investigate the effect of regional unemployment (next to other regional characteristics) on subsequent new business formation in Polish regions for the period 2003?2018. The research hypothesis assumes that a rise in unemployment rate has a positive effect on subsequent new business formation. The positive unemployment push effect is expected to be stronger in operational services. Methods: In order to verify the links between unemployment rates and entrepreneurship, panel data methods (fixed effect Driscoll-Kraay and p-VAR estimators) were applied. The analyses were performed at the industry level (manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, hotels and restaurants, and financial services) using regional annual data for the period 2003?2018. Findings & value added: This study provides further insight into the unemployment push hypothesis by distinguishing between industry sectors and by considering regional specificities in post-communist economies (e.g. Poland). The findings provide value for policy-makers regarding the selection of policy instruments intended to stimulate regional development through entrepreneurship in lagged areas.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2021, 16, 4; 765-782
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Amor fati Fryderyka Nietzschego (konieczność i przypadkowość losu człowieka)
Autorzy:
Pałasiński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/667961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
amor fati
necessity
fortuitousness
Übermensch
Nietzsche F.
Opis:
This article is about the concept of amor fati in the Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. In philosophy of Beyond Good and Evil the author’s idea of amor fati combines reflections on fortuitousness and necessity in the context of human life. In this paper, the author attempts to show the significance of this idea by the interpretation of Nietzsche’s statements about the following concepts: fortuitousness and necessity. The other issue is Nietzsche’s writing about his own attitude to life and the world. The amor fati idea appear to be an existential challenge that Nietzsche confronts with people who want to see their life as meaningful. By Nietzsche fortuitousness as the essence of the world is subordinate to the human life requiring the purpose. The amor fati concept appears as one way of life in the world without purpose.
This article is about the concept of amor fati in the Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. In philosophy of Beyond Good and Evil the author’s idea of amor fati combines reflections on fortuitousness and necessity in the context of human life. In this paper, the author attempts to show the significance of this idea by the interpretation of Nietzsche’s statements about the following concepts: fortuitousness and necessity. The other issue is Nietzsche’s writing about his own attitude to life and the world. The amor fati idea appear to be an existential challenge that Nietzsche confronts with people who want to see their life as meaningful. By Nietzsche fortuitousness as the essence of the world is subordinate to the human life requiring the purpose. The amor fati concept appears as one way of life in the world without purpose.
Źródło:
Racjonalia. Z punktu widzenia humanistyki; 2013, 3
2391-6540
2083-9952
Pojawia się w:
Racjonalia. Z punktu widzenia humanistyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Argument z wyobrażalności a strategia pojęć fenomenalnych
The Conceivability Argument and the Phenomenal Concept Strategy
Autorzy:
Polcyn, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909952.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-09-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
a posteriori necessity
conceivability
phenomenal concepts
possibility
Opis:
According to the conceivability argument, physicalism is false since it is conceivable and hence possible that the physical truth do not entail the phenomenal truth. The influential way of responding to the conceivability argument is to claim that our conceivability intuitions can be accounted for in purely psychological terms, by appealing to some cognitive and functional differences between phenomenal and physical concepts, and that therefore what is conceivable does not entail what is possible. On this account, the entailment from the physical to the phenomenal that physicalism is committed to can be necessary and a posteriori. I argue that this way of responding to the conceivability argument cannot work. The conceivability argument depends on an assumption which implies that the psychophysical entailment cannot be necessary and a posteriori and appealing to the differences between phenomenal and physical concepts has no force against that assumption.
Źródło:
Filozofia Nauki; 2005, 13, 3; 85-94
1230-6894
2657-5868
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Nauki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przeciw pewności Karla Poppera : Zmagania z koniecznością
Autorzy:
Kilanowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010611.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
progress
historical necessity
criticism
responsibility
selfrealisation
action
Opis:
All the time, we encounter social, political, or economic crises. Those crises were not and are not a sheer result of poorly designed and malfunctioning state institutions, supposed to control (or not) the sphere of individual activities. This is what we are presented with as their cause. This, however, is not a complete picture of the situation. Crises occur also due to inadequate stressing of the categories which have become central for our societies, as Karl Popper pinpoints. In The Open Society and Its Enemies, he claims that it is our attachment to thinking that there is a one history, progress, pursuit of power and glory, as measures of individual success in the hostile world, that contributes to the reoccurrence of crises and the violence that accompanies them. We live focused on abstract categories and interpretations detached from the everyday life experience. In consequence, we still have to struggle with the phenomenon of exploiting individuals, we still do not create opportunities for satisfying their needs and space for working out solutions which would aid us in tackling the emerging problems. As Popper preaches, if we want to break free from the limitations of our minds so as to act differently, as fully free, selfrealized and responsible, we have to try to verify our beliefs, even if it turns out that we should abandon them. This essay is another attempt at presenting the crucial aspects of Popper’s thought that are particularly difficult to comprehend and accept: namely, that there is no history independent of our doing, there are only our descriptions; there is no progress; it is us that create history without even being aware of that.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 1(111); 53-67
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Własna działalność gospodarcza jako element procesu readaptacji na przykładzie migrantów powracających z zagranicy do województwa podlaskiego
Entrepreneurship as an Element of the Process of Readjustment. The example of Migrant Returning from Abroad to the Podlaskie Voivodeship
Autorzy:
Dziekońska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/580334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
MIGRATION
RETURN MIGRANTS
RETURN
READJUSTMENT
NECESSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Opis:
Due to its increasingly unstable nature, contemporary return migrations call into question the current definition of return as an anchor. The factors which enabled this situation are the opportunities to move within the European Union, the EU’s open labour markets, and free access to information. Empirical research shows that the most important capital of contemporary return migrants is no longer their savings but their experience connected to international migration, especially when the reality of the home country exceeds migrants’ expectations and possibilities to readjust after return. The text is based on the results of qualitative research conducted in Podlaskie among migrants who returned from abroad and decided to start their own business. Their migration experience constitutes an invaluable source of knowledge not only about the factors responsible for the decision to return but also about the process of readjustment, including the application of skills acquired abroad and the introduction of changes at home, especially in the context of self-employment. Based on the experience of return migrants it is also possible to follow the decision- making process concerning re-emigration which is often simply a return to the well- known country of migration or setting off for a new destination.
Źródło:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny; 2015, 41, 2 (156); 31-52
2081-4488
2544-4972
Pojawia się w:
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawa logiki i prawa przyrody w ujęciu Johna Bigelowa i Roberta Pargettera
The Laws of Logic and the Laws of Nature in John Bigelow and Robert Pargetter’s Approach
Autorzy:
Tkaczyk, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
prawo logiki
prawo przyrody
konieczność logiczna
konieczność przyrodnicza
law of logic
law of nature
logical necessity
natural (nomic) necessity
Opis:
J. Bigelow and R. Pargetter in their work Science and Necessity put forward a theory of the laws of nature as statements objectively different with respect to their modal qualification both from the laws of logic and from contingent truths. Contrary to the latter ones all laws are characterized by necessity. However, there are various kinds of necessity. The laws of logic are characterized by logical necessity, and the laws of nature – by natural necessity. The objective basis for differentiating modal qualification of statements belonging to the particular classes is that laws are truths about possibilities, also the ones that have not been actualized. The source of difference between logical and natural necessity is the differentiation between the range of possibilities described by respective laws. Hence, laws of nature prove to be – which is not mentioned by the authors – a posteriori necessary statements. The modal character has been the basis of the explanation of other considered properties of scientific laws: certain generality and the so-called range void.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2005, 53, 1; 245-261
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozostać z tyłu. Parę uwag o mistycyzmie Simone Weil na marginesie Świadomości nadprzyrodzonej
Autorzy:
Dzień, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1830299.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-29
Wydawca:
Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
Simone Weil
pokora
konieczność
egzystencjalizm
humility
necessity
existentialism
Opis:
Artykuł koncentruje się na niektórych zagadnieniach obecnych w wyborze pism Simone Weil pt. Świadomość nadprzyrodzona. Poruszane są takie kwestie, jak motywy egzystencjalistyczne w kontekście eseju Mit Syzyfa Alberta Camusa, kwestia pokory i konieczności oraz kwestia samodoskonalenia się Boga
Źródło:
Świat i Słowo; 2019, 33, 2; 33-43
1731-3317
Pojawia się w:
Świat i Słowo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Necessary, Kenotically-donated, & Self-giving Love
Autorzy:
McCall, Bradford
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
agape
philia
eros
kenosis
necessity
Thomas Jay Oord
Opis:
For the God of self-giving, kenotically-donated love, the decision to express love at all times comes first. In my conception, “full-Oorded” love would encompass what is ordinarily contained within the definition of agape love, but it would also include “eros love”, for the latter is the love of co-laborment. In my appropriation has of this terminology of eros love, it would be the type of love that the desires to, e.g., expand one’s territory or one’s domain, which makes it applicable to the modern theory of evolution by natural selection. Evolution – i.e., “descent with modification”, to invoke a Darwinian phrase – then, recognizes self-giving love, and the goodness thereof, in that species regularly undergo commensalist symbiotic relationships in nature, whereby one is aided by the other, while the “other” is neither “aided” nor “harmed”. This is self-giving love in its entirety, and a proper demonstration of it. My understanding of necessarily-expressed, “full-Oorded” love also includes dimensions of philia love. Philia could be akin to the symbiotic relationship known as mutualism in biology, especially since philia love has historically been associated with friendship or the interrelatedness of the natural world. Notably, Aristotle indicates that even nonhuman animals can express philia love . The relationships marked by philia, then, could be identified by mutuality, reciprocity, and cooperation , which fits the above biological connotation well. While agape or eros might benefit from cooperation, reciprocity, and mutuality, those two forms of love do not require any of those three nouns. Philia does. I contend, in fact, that the kenosis of the Spirit into creation amounts to self-giving, betrothed love through self-donation. The union, then of agape, eros, and philia love could be expressed as mutual aid, or full-orbed, or even as I like to say, “full-Oorded” love. Flourishing lives – be they human or some other mammal – I aver, consistently and necessarily express “full-Oorded” love. Oord suggests that Process philosophy can aid one to see that full-orbed love – that which I have designated “full-Oorded” love – plays an important part in the work to increase the common good of society as a whole. Indeed, “full-Oorded” love would repay evil with good as agape would; such a “full-Oorded” love would additionally welcome the intrinsic value and beauty in others, just like eros love does; and “full-Oorded” love would also recognize the import of friendship and mutuality as does philia love. Following Oord and Wojtyla again, since God commands that we show necessarily “self-giving”, “self-donating” love, we therefore indeed have the ability to love others as kenotically-donating entities, just as the creating Spirit does. When we act as a genuine conduit and amplifier of the creating Spirit’s self-donating and self-giving love, we can truly and entirely and infinitely love others, just as God does. Of course, we cannot expect that we humans will always love alike unto how God does because we do not have an eternal and unchanging nature that is necessarily inclined toward love , but we are at least always able to do it.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2019, 21, 2; 231-241
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konieczność i przypadek w ewolucji wszechświata
Necessity and random events in the evolution of the universe
Autorzy:
Heller, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690722.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
evolution of the universe
intelligent design
necessity
randomness
Opis:
There are two extremities in contemporary discussions on the role of random events in the evolution of the Universe: one extremity consists in reducing the evolution to a blind game of random events, the other extremity in seeing everywhere traces of the 'intelligent design'. Both these doctrines are based on misunderstandings. It is argued that casual or random events are not a 'foreign body' in the network of physical laws, but rather its indispensable element without which the laws of physics would be ineffective.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2009, 44; 3-12
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A comparative analysis of the issue of necessary defense in terms of tort law
Autorzy:
Łubińska, Zuzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-04-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
tort law
necessity
necessary defense
comparative analysis
assassination
Opis:
This paper addresses a comparative analysis of the issue of necessary defense in terms of tort law. The concept of indispensable defense is most often associated with criminal law. However, it is not the only branch of law in which it occurs. It is also possible to find it on the grounds of the Civil Code. A necessary defense is one of the main counter-narratives which exclude the unlawfulness of an act. As a matter of fact, acting within the framework of necessary defense, we act according to the rules of law. Nevertheless, it is important to act only within the limits of such defense, because exceeding them excludes the unlawfulness of the act. The subject of this dissertation is to show, compare, and analyze legal regulations defining the right to indispensable defense in Poland and other contemporary countries.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 101; 201-210
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Why Is Plato’s Good Good?
Autorzy:
Nathan, Aidan R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Form of the Good
teleology
Plato’s epistemology
necessity
Opis:
The form of the Good in Plato’s Phaedo and Republic seems, by our standards, to do too much: it is presented as the metaphysical principle, the epistemological principle and the principle of ethics. Yet this seemingly chimerical object makes good sense in the broader context of Plato’s philosophical project. He sought certain knowledge of necessary truths (in sharp contrast to the contingent truth of modern science). Thus, to be knowable the cosmos must be informed by timeless principles; and this leads to teleology and the Good. The form of the Good, it is argued, is what makes the world knowable insofar as it is knowable. This interpretation plugs a significant gap in the scholarship on the Good and draws attention to a deep connection between Plato’s epistemology and his teleological understanding of the cosmos.
Źródło:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua; 2022, 13, 1; 125-136
2082-7539
Pojawia się w:
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘Niezrodzony' i 'niezniszczalny’ jako znaki prawdy u Parmenidesa w kontekście pojęcia czasu
‘Unborn’ and ‘indestructible’ as signs of truth in Parmenides in the context of the notion of time
Autorzy:
Biedrzyński, Dawid Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/665308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
czas
konieczność
arche
niezrodzony
niezniszczalny
time
necessity
unborn
indestructible
Opis:
Parmenides in his revolt of the first philosophy discarded the principle - arche and introduced in its place being - to eon. The effectivess of this revoltion of thought rested upon - among others - revealing a permanent connection between logic and ontology which connection was most seen in ‘signs of truth’, i.e. features of being. Two of these features - ‘unborn’ and ‘indesrtructible’ - show in a sense entanglement in the context of time whose consideration requires the analysis of Parmenides’ poem and insight into historical-philosophical development of the notion of time from the perspective of its use by natural philosophers in defining the principle - arche.
Parmenides dokonując rewolty filozofii pierwszej odrzucił pojęcie zasady – arche, a na jej miejsce wprowadził byt – to eon. Skuteczność tej rewolucji myślowej oparta była miedzy innymi na ujawnieniu trwałego związku pomiędzy logiką i ontologią, który to związek realizował sie w najwyższym stopniu w „znakach prawdy”, czyli cechach bytu. Dwie z tych cech – ‘niezrodzony i niezniszczalny’ – w pewnym aspekcie ujawniają uwikłanie w konteks czasowości, którego rozpatrzenie wymaga analizy samego poematu Parmenidesa, jak i wglądu w historyczno-filozoficzny rozwój pojęcia czasu w perspektywie jego zastosowania przez filozofów przyrody w definiowaniu zasady – arche.
Źródło:
Folia Philosophica; 2018, 39
1231-0913
2353-9445
Pojawia się w:
Folia Philosophica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Totalitarianisms as systems of lawlessness (Miłosz’s remarks)
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczyk, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/650115.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
humanism
Darwinism
freedom and necessity
self-will
totalitarianism
genocide
Opis:
The article accounts for the gnostic individualism in Miłosz’s records. It shows that its essence is not freedom, but self-will. It argues that its premises are existential. Among them we can find the fundamental data of existence: the passage of time, death, growing old of the body, the decomposition of matter, experiencing biological drives as violence and the laws of nature and history as necessity. If existence is experienced that way it bears self-will. The author argues that Miłosz fell into a crisis of gnostic self-will as he realized it leads to the inner split between the evil world and the ideal super-world. He was also aware that this duality implies the aversion to the earthly life and nihilism. The author shows that the experience of self-will served as a tool in the Nobel laureate’s writings to study totalitarianisms. From this perspective Nazism seems to be the self-will inspired by Darwinism, while Communism – the quintessence of Enlightenment idealism. As a result of the deviation of freedom the Nazi Germany and the Bolshevik Russia became the mine of genocide.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica; 2017, 45, 7
1505-9057
2353-1908
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przedsiębiorczość w gospodarkach słabo rozwiniętych na przykładzie Nigerii
Entrepreneurship in Underdeveloped Economies: A Study of Nigeria
Autorzy:
Sadiq Kasum, Abubakar
Gunu, Umar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
entrepreneurship
development
innovation
opportunity
necessity
przedsiębiorczość
rozwój
innowacja
możliwość
konieczność
Opis:
W artykule zbadano możliwość osiągnięcia wzrostu i rozwoju dzięki przedsiębiorczości w gospodarkach słabo rozwiniętych w kontekście znaczenia przedsiębiorczości dla wzrostu i rozwoju gospodarczego. W szczególności analizie poddano istnienie odpowiednich warunków i zakres, w jakim jednostki i grupy są w stanie rozpoznać/stworzyć możliwości dostarczania towarów i usług, a także stopień, w jakim są one w stanie wykorzystać takie możliwości. W ramach badania zebrano podstawowe dane o środowisku dla rozwoju przedsiębiorczości w Nigerii, zakresie i charakterze tworzonych możliwości oraz perspektywach wprowadzania innowacji w kraju. Dane zebrano od przedsiębiorców i specjalistów ds. przedsiębiorczości przy wykorzystaniu odpowiednio ułożonego kwestionariusza skierowanego do próbki 360 respondentów wybranych spośród grup. Odpowiedzi zostały przeanalizowane za pomocą testu Kruskala Wallisa i testu Wilcoxona dla par obserwacji. Badanie wykazało, że Nigeryjczycy są innowacyjni i przedsiębiorczy, jak również, że źródłami znaczących utrudnień są infrastruktura, finansowanie i edukacja w zakresie przedsiębiorczości. Badanie pokazało, że wzrost przedsiębiorczości wpływa na wzrost gospodarczy w Nigerii, a zatem powolny rozwój przedsiębiorczości w tym kraju przyczynił się do tego, że gospodarka nigeryjska jest słabo rozwinięta. W badaniu wskazano konkretne rozwiązania różnych zidentyfikowanych problemów dotyczących przedsiębiorczości.
Against the background of the importance of entrepreneurship to economic growth and development, this paper investigates the potential for achieving growth and development through entrepreneurship in underdeveloped economies. Specifically, the study investigated the availability of the environment for and the extent to which individuals and groups are able to recognize/create opportunity for providing goods and services; and the extent to which they are able to utilize such opportunities. The study collected primary data about the environment for entrepreneurship development in Nigeria, the extent and nature of opportunity creation and the prospect for carrying through innovations in the country. The data were collected from entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship professionals, using a well-structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 360 respondents, drawn from among the groups. The responses were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests. The study revealed that Nigerians are innovative and enterprising. It also revealed that infrastructural facilities, funding, and entrepreneurship education are significant impediments. The study also showed that economic growth in Nigeria is influenced by entrepreneurship growth, therefore the slow growth in entrepreneurship development in Nigeria contributed to the underdeveloped status of the economy. The study recommended specific solutions to the different entrepreneurship problems identified in the study.
Źródło:
Studia i Materiały; 2017, 1/2017(23); 48-61
1733-9758
Pojawia się w:
Studia i Materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Idea korelacji między wolnością a modalnością na podstawie dzieła Roberta Grosseteste De libero arbitrio
Autorzy:
Wierdak, Dawid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19931562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne i Drukarnia w Sandomierzu
Tematy:
Grosseteste
De libero arbitrio
freedom
modality
necessity
wolność
modalność
konieczność
Opis:
Artykuł prezentuje korelację pomiędzy wolnością a modalnością, która stała się przedmiotem filozoficznych badań angielskiego myśliciela, Roberta Grosseteste. Ten znakomity, choć mało znany autor scholastyczny przedstawił swoje rozważania na temat wolności na kartach traktatu De libero arbitrio. Najważniejsze inspiracje filozoficzne Grosseteste czerpał ze źródła filozofii starożytnej i średniowiecznej, zwłaszcza od Arystotelesa. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, że dzięki wprowadzeniu pojęć atemporalnych możliwe jest zestawienie ze sobą wolności i modalności.
The article presents the correlation between freedom and modality that has become the subject of the philosophical research of the English thinker Robert Grosseteste. This excellent but little-known scholastic author has included his reflections on freedom on the pages of De libero arbitrio. Grosseteste drew his most important philosophical inspirations from ancient and medieval philosophy, especially from Aristotle. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that it is possible to compare freedom and modality by introducing atemporal terms.
Źródło:
Studia Sandomierskie. Teologia-Filozofia-Historia; 2020, 27; 353-362
0208-7626
Pojawia się w:
Studia Sandomierskie. Teologia-Filozofia-Historia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konieczność - nieoczywisty wymiar wieczności w koncepcji św. Anzelma z Canterbury
The Necessity – a Non-Obvious Dimension of the Eternity in St. Anselm’s Philosophy
Autorzy:
Małecki, Wiesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1042199.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
św. Anzelm
wieczność
konieczność
Bóg
st. anselm
eternity
necessity
God
Opis:
The main aim of this article is to describe and analyze St. Anselm concept of eternity to present a non-obvious dimension of this idea. Because his philosophical andtheological notion of eternity does not involve only – as common sense suggests – the idea of time but also the very concept of necessity. However, this time, it goes far beyond the understanding of the necessity only in logical terms like it was in case of his ontologicalproof for the existence of God.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Centrum Badań im. Edyty Stein; 2016, 15; 105-116
1895-2984
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Centrum Badań im. Edyty Stein
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
David Hume’s Theory of Action
Autorzy:
Van den Abbeel, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010385.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
theory of action
motivation
passion
reason
will
liberty
necessity
human nature
Opis:
The main goal of this paper is to reconstruct David Hume’s theory of action from the perspective of the second book Of the Passion in his work A Treatise of Human Nature. My paper will proceed in three steps. In the first part I present the main assumptions of Hume’s views on action together with a general outline of his theory. I show that for Hume action has a uniform character and that there is a constant relation between action and the motive which can be understood as desire or aversion. Next, in the second part, the main elements involved in the process of human activity will be outlined, such as: passions, will, liberty, and reason. Although Hume emphasizes that the passions are the main motive of action, since they have the power to initiate and withhold action, reason also plays an important role. In order to come to a better understanding, I will consider the functions which these elements are playing in human action and some of the problematic issues which are connected with them such as, whether each of the passions can motivate a person to action, what the relationship between passions and will is, and what kind of relation between passions and reason can be found. Finally, in the third and last part of my paper, I will conclude with a schematic outline of human action and the relation between different components engaged in the process of action.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 2(112); 53-65
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Marcin Tkaczyk’s Ockhamism, or Whether the Theory of Contingentia Praeterita is the only Plausible Solution to the Problem of Futura Contingentia
OCKHAMIZM MARCINA TKACZYKA, CZYLI O TYM, CZY TEORIA CONTINGENTIA PRAETERITA JEST JEDYNYM MOŻLIWYM ROZWIĄZANIEM PROBLEMU FUTURA CONTINGENTIA
Autorzy:
ŁUKASIEWICZ, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-11-04
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
God
freedom
divine foreknowledge
necessity
truth
Bóg
wolność
Boża przedwiedza
konieczność
prawda
Opis:
In the first part of this article, we point out and discuss these the contained in Marcin Tkaczyk’s book, Futura Contingentia, with which we agree completely or at least partially. In the second part of the paper, we seek to consider whether the solution of the futura contingentia prob¬lem, rooted in the basic intuitions of William of Ockham, is the only one possible and availa¬ble for us. We argue that there is another possible approach to the problem of how to re-concile di¬vine omniscience with contingent events rather than the Ockhamist solution. The alter-native view, which we suggest, is “eternalism”, meaning that God is timeless, and that temporal necessity is compatible with contingent events and free decisions.
W części pierwszej artykułu wskazujemy i pokrótce omawiamy niektóre tezy zawarte w roz-prawie Futura contingentia Marcina Tkaczyka, z którymi się solidaryzujemy w pełni lub w du-żym stopniu. W drugiej części zastanawiamy się, czy rzeczywiście rozwiązanie problemu przy-szłych zdarzeń przygodnych, zgodne z koncepcją Ockhama, jest jedynym możliwym rozwią¬za-niem dla problemu futura contingentia. Jako propozycję alternatywną proponujemy stanowisko zwane eternalizmem. Tezą główną eternalizmu jest, że Bóg istnieje poza czasem i że konieczność temporalna nie wyklucza przygodności zdarzeń w tym libertariańskiej wolności woli.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2018, 66, 4; 115-134
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Causation and Intensionality in Aristotelian Logic
Autorzy:
Kovač, Srećko
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/431026.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Aristotle
syllogism
proof
necessity
cause
intension
Arystoteles
syllogizm
dowód
konieczność
przyczyna
intensja
Opis:
We want to show that Aristotle’s general conception of syllogism includes as its essential part the logical concept of necessity, which can be understood in a causal way. This logical conception of causality is more general then the conception of the causality in the Aristotelian theory of proof (“demonstrative syllogism”), which contains the causal account of knowledge and science outside formal logic. Aristotle’s syllogistic is described in a purely intensional way, without recourse to a set-theoretical formal semantics. It is shown that the conclusion of a syllogism is justified by the accumulation of logical causes applied during the reasoning process. It is also indicated that logical principles as well as the logical concept of causality have a fundamental ontological role in Aristotle’s “first philosophy”.
Źródło:
Studia Philosophiae Christianae; 2013, 49, 2; 117-136
0585-5470
Pojawia się w:
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Machine learning and essentialism
Uczenie maszynowe i esencjalizm
Autorzy:
Šekrst, Kristina
Skansi, Sandro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28763370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
essentialism
machine learning
accidental properties
similarity-based approach
pattern recognition
modal necessity
Opis:
Machine learning and essentialism have been connected in the past by various researchers, in order to state that the main paradigm in machine learning processes is equivalent to choosing the “essential” attributes for the machine to search for. Our goal in this paper is to show that there are connections between machine learning and essentialism, but only for some kinds of machine learning, and often not including deep learning methods. Similarity-based approaches, more connected to the overall prototype theory, spanning from psychology and linguistics, seem more suited for pattern recognition and complex deep-learning issues, while for classification problems, mostly for unsupervised learning, essentialism seems like the best choice. In order to illustrate the difference better, we will connect both paths to their sources in other disciplines and see how human psychology influences our decision in machine-learning modeling as well. This leads to a philosophically very interesting consequence: even in the setting of supervised machine learning, essences are not present in data, but in targets, which in turn means that the categories which purport to be essences are in fact human-made, and hand-coded in the targets. The success of machine learning, therefore, does not give any substantial evidence for the independent existence of essential properties. Our stance here is to state that neither the existence nor the lack of “essential” properties in machine learning can lead to metaphysical, i.e., ontological claims.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2022, 73; 171-196
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konieczność fizyczna a zasady antropiczne w kosmologii
Physical necessity and anthropic principles in cosmology
Autorzy:
Życiński, Józef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
zasada antropiczna
kosmologia
konieczność
prawo
Bóg
anthropic principle
cosmology
necessity
law
God
Opis:
The article contains a discussion of the relations between physical necessity, the idea of law in natural sciences, and the possibility of proving a teleological structure of the universe. Against the tradition reaching back to D. Hume, the author defends the view that the essence of physical laws cannot be reduced only to the level of observable regularities. The existence of regularities in nature assumes existence of latent relations of necessity that form the order of nature. The interpretation of the laws of nature that stresses necessity makes it possible to pass over to the teleological way of looking at the way that the universe functions.
Źródło:
Roczniki Filozoficzne; 2002, 50, 1; 617-627
0035-7685
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Filozoficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosyjskie odpowiedniki przekładowe polskiego predykatywu trzeba
The Russian textual equivalents o f the Polish modal predicative „trzeba
Autorzy:
Rudyk, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/481977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
modal predicatives
textual equivalents
meaning of necessity
translation
Russian- -Polish comparative linguistics
Opis:
The article shows the Russian equivalents of the lexeme trzeba extracted from the contemporary Polish prose and its translation into Russian. The modal predicatives нужно and надо and the forms приходится and следует are the most frequent equivalents.
Źródło:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica; 2016, 1, XXI; 77-87
1427-549X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remarks About Targeted Killing in the Light of Public International Law
Autorzy:
Łaski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1831454.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
international law
targeted killing
pre-emptive self-defense
necessity
proportionality
reason of state
Opis:
The premises concerning the use of force are currently changing, as are the goals and methods, which entails that appropriate adaptation and interpretation of international legal norms is required in the context of new threats and methods of combating them. This constitutes a significant problem, especially in the event of extraordinary circumstances that are to justify the use of unilateral measures without the consent of the UN Security Council. This encompasses, inter alia, the issue of targeted killing, i.e. eliminating in the territory of another state, while not operating against such a state, on the order of a specific government, a specific person responsible for the illegal use of force, if other methods of apprehending the perpetrator are unrealistic. This makes such a method, in a given circumstance, a legal form of combat, as long as the criterion of necessity and proportionality is taken into account.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2020, 11; 59-66
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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