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Tytuł:
Narody w integrującej się Europie
Nations in Europe in Conditions of Integration
Autorzy:
Sztalt, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Nations
Europe
Opis:
The paper presents a thesis that European integration and globalization are causes of the erosion of national identities. Attributes which are commonly tied with nation: language, separate territory, confession become less and less important. People who can in their everyday activity have profits of unlimited flows of capital, service and can chose their place of living, lose interest in their identifica- tion through those factors; they can speak fluently not only in their native language but in other languages as well; they can leave their territory without political barriers; their traditional confession is not as strong as it used to be earlier. Their identity - especially on higher strata of social stratification - is no more given them, but rather chosen now.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2005, 2 - Wielokulturowość w dobie globalizacji oraz integracji europejskiej; 41-59
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Nations and International Boundaries - The European Case
Autorzy:
Biger, Gideon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-11-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
international boundaries
nations
Europe
Opis:
It seems that our world is made of mainly nation states - independent states based on one particular nation, sometimes with some minorities in that state. Thus the model seams to be ‘a nation is establishing its boundaries’. On the other hand, our world also has the ‘boundaries that made a nation’ model, in which a nation was created after boundaries were drawn. Most independent European countries belong to the first model but Spain, Belgium, and five tiny states belong to the second model.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2011, 18, 2
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rodzina i ochrona życia poczętego na sesjach nadzwyczajnych ONZ (Kair +5, Pekin +5, Stambuł +5)
The Family and the Protection of Conceived Life at the UN Special Sessions (in Cairo +5, Beijing +5 and Istanbul +5)
Autorzy:
Kropiwnicki, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20005175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
conceived life
family
United Nations
Opis:
For me the history of the battle for fundamental values of our civilization began in the mid-1990s. At that time three major conferences took place: the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994, the 1995 World Conference on Women in Beijing and the Conference on Human Settlements in Istanbul in 1996. Surprisingly to most governments and international public opinion they became the battlefield of the war of ideas, which was especially significant during the conferences in Cairo and Beijing. The liberal circles fiercely attacked traditional values which constitute the basis of the international order. Among others, it was the right to live and the institutional family which were especially attacked. There was even an attempt to replace the word family with partnership. The Polish delegation for the conference in Cairo was instructed not only to support the idea of strengthening the family as a basic unit of society, but also to insist on accepting the common definition of marriage as a union of a man and women and defend the position that abortion cannot be treated as a method of family planning or birth control. The discussion at the Cairo conference evolved into a battle for the right to kill unborn children as a method of family planning. Among the Holy See and Poland, it was the countries of Latin America and Muslim countries including African Muslim countries that spoke in defence of traditional values. At the Istanbul conference, also thanks to the Polish delegation, the family was acknowledged as a natural subject of housing policy. In the years 1999, 2000 and 2000 three UN special sessions were held: Cairo +5, Beijing +5 and Istanbul +5. The Polish representation played an important role and the instruction for the Cairo delegation was fulfilled and remains valid.Although the documents of UN Special Sessions are not legally binding for the UN member states they are important for UN policy agendas e.g. economic help for third world countries. It is possible to define the problem of famine as a one of the overpopulation and think of sending condoms to the starving as a solution. There is another consequence of such documents and their language: they influence the public opinion and, after some time, they have an impact on rules of law in the UN member states. That consequence indicates the importance of that battle for the quality of life in the contemporary world.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2008, 11, 2; 183-190
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola podmiotów trzecich w kształtowaniu relacji wewnętrznych suwerennego państwa - ONZ wobec Rwandy (1959-2010)
The role of third parties in shaping internal relations withing a sovereign country - the UN towards Rwanda (1959-2010)
Autorzy:
Bar, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
Rwanda
United Nations
Internal relations
Opis:
In the period 1959-1962 the United Nations actively assisted Rwanda in the process of gaining independence. Their mutual relations continued after Rwanda became an independent country and were based on the UN providing economic support to Rwanda and Rwanda's representatives taking part in the UN's initiatives and statutory work. In the early 1990»s, after the outbreak of a civil war in Rwanda, the UN presided conciliatory actions. Those actions ended up in a failure, both moral - which resulted in a breakdown of the peace process in April 1994, and military - which resulted in a dramatic decision of withdrawing the UN forces from Rwanda in face of genocide ravaging the country. After 1994 the UN took part in humanitarian actions helping Rwandans to rebuilt their country.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2012, 13 - "Stare" i "nowe" mocarstwa w Afryce - stygmaty kulturowe, religijne, polityczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne; 649-676
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pochodzenie etniczne a tożsamości narodowe. Narody pluralistyczne na przykładzie krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Ethnicity and National Identity: On Pluralist Nations, Using the Example of Countries in East Central Europe
Autorzy:
Sadowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1372967.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-28
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
East Central Europe
national identity
ethnic nations
political nations
pluralistic nations
Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia
tożsamość narodowa
narody etniczne
narody polityczne
narody pluralistyczne
Opis:
This article presents a typology of the transformation of ideas about nations and national identity in East Central Europe, with particular consideration of Poland. The author claims that in consequence of accelerating processes affecting the choice of national identity the structure of ethnic peoples is undergoing qualitative changes. Ethnicity is increasingly less likely to determine national identity. However, in spite of manifestations of supranational integration and globalization, individual nations are not declining; on the contrary, national ties primarily turn out to be more important than supra-national interests, which are diluted and not based on strong community ties. At the same time, nations are acquiring pluralist traits.
Źródło:
Kultura i Społeczeństwo; 2018, 62, 2; 135-153
2300-195X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chińska Republika Ludowa wobec reformy Rady Bezpieczeństwa Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych
The Peoples Republic of China and the Reform of the United Nations Security Council
Autorzy:
Gawroński, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/567086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie. Instytut Nauk Politycznych
Tematy:
China
United Nations
Security Council
Opis:
The reform of the United Nations Security Council is the core of the overall UN reform because of the Council s main responsibility for maintaining international peace and security that is the major goal of the UN activity. Countries shall especially focus on strengthening the Council s status, authority and enhancing its capacity towards new threats and challenges that increased in international relations (mainly counter-terrorism, non-proliferation of the weapons of mass destruction, combating transnational crimes and human rights violations and mitigating local conflicts). So far, almost all of the recommendations of the Security Council s reform have been focused on one problem - the enlargement of this UN body. The only proposal concerning the working and voting manner, is project presented by the S-5 Group, which shows, that the priorities of the reform presented by countries aren’t in accordance with the High-level Panel and Koffi Annan’s suggestions. According to the opinion of China, first of all, the reform has to be multidimensional and covering not only Security Council s enlargement by new countries, but also shall base on improvement of its working methods and transparency. Secondly, the Security Council enlargement should assure the representation of developing countries (especially African countries) which constitute over 2/3 of the overall number of members of the UN. Thirdly, the enlargement must be connected with ensuring small and medium-sized countries possibilities to participate in process of decision-making in Security Council. Moreover, the membership enlargement should be negotiated within regional groups, then discussed on the United Nations forum. Furthermore, the new composition must reflect fair representation of different cultures and regions and uphold geographical balance. The reform should be carried out in a democratic way and be based on mutual consultations in order to achieve consensus and have gradual character. The People s Republic of China rejects time- frame to make common decisions, because the member states of the UN may not reach common agreement and they would be enforced to take decisions, which have not been discussed yet. So far, neither did China present its own draft of the UN Security Council membership enlargement and voting manner after the reform, nor join the proposals of the above groups of countries. They only prepared a general plan of the reform.
Źródło:
Forum Politologiczne; 2008, 8 - Współczesny Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych - rywalizacja i mocarstwowość; 337-366
1734-1698
Pojawia się w:
Forum Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Providing transport capacity for peace operations in Africa
Autorzy:
Jacuch, Andrzej
Rychlewski, Przemysław
Sokołowski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1810617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
United Nations
Africa
transport
peace operations
Opis:
The article is aimed at question how nations can better support the United Nations missions in Africa with focus on their transport operations, including military support and commercial transport. The intention is to fill a gap in literature on the most needed specialist enablers – military transport.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego; 2020, R. XIV; 109--133
1898-3189
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Financial Institutions and Individual Autonomy—a Human Rights Perspective
Autorzy:
Szoszkiewicz, Łukasz
Świergiel, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
business
economic rights
United Nations
banks
Opis:
This paper seeks to provide a systematic analysis of the changing relations between financial institutions, banks in particular, and individuals in the 20th and 21st centuries. The first part of the study presents the history of relations between the state, financial institutions and individuals in the twentieth century, while the second part is devoted to the changes that have taken place internationally in this area in the 21st century in the activities of non-state actors, including financial institutions, as more and more often obligations in the field of human rights protection are being emphasised. The attribution of such responsibility indicates the fact that the international community is seeking to strengthen the protection of individual autonomy. This is also confirmed by the analysis of the final observations formulated by treaty bodies functioning within the UN system of human rights protection.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 4; 113-127
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The UN Security Council and international terrorism
Autorzy:
Krzan, Bartłomiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
terrorism
Security Council
Symonides
United Nations
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2020, 40; 79-92
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nations and Minorities in Psellos’ "Chronographia" (976–1078)
Autorzy:
Lauritzen, Frederick
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682118.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Michael Psellos
nations
minorities
Byzantine Empire
„Chronographia”
Opis:
The Chronographia of Michael Psellos (1018–1081) reveals a limited interest in nations and minorities within and without the Byzantine Empire. He had access to information about these peoples either indirectly (1018–1042) or more directly (1042–1078). He has a greater understanding of their complexity, especially between 1042–1059 when his friend Constantine Leichoudes was mesazon. Psellos refers to nations and minorities in his Chronographia through the prism of the imperial court at Constantinople.  
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2019, 9; 319-331
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka Turcji wobec narodów i państw bałkańskich na przełomie XIX i XX wieku
Autorzy:
Rubacha, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/677873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
Tematy:
The Balkans
politics of Turkey
Balkan nations
Opis:
Turkey’s policy towards the Balkan nations and states at the turn of 19th and 20th centuryTurkey’s policy towards the Balkan peoples, since the attack on the Peninsula, was characterized by a desire to dominate and the total subordination of the local population. Therefore, immediately after the conquest, the Turkish authorities have pushed them to the margins of social life. Extensive system of benefits and duties, and thereafter the draconian taxes had ruined Balkan villages and towns, contributing to the decline of agricultural production and handicrafts. Any form of resistance were ruthlessly suppressed by the Turks, and the raging terror during the occupation had consumed hundreds of thousands of lives. Despite these actions the Ottomans were unable to break the spirit of resistance. Neither persecution nor attempt Islamisation of Balkan populations did not produce any effect, because one of the main reasons was attachment to the traditions and faith of their ancestors.When the Turkish state has slowed and European powers had began to intervene in the internal affairs of the state, Greeks, Serbs, Montenegros, Bulgarians, Romanians, also Albanians, began efforts to throw off foreign domination. These activities were indirectly ended by the Congress of Berlin in 1878, and the so-called final solution of the Turkish issues  occurred during the Balkan wars of the years 1912–1913.
Źródło:
Slavia Meridionalis; 2011, 11
1233-6173
2392-2400
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Meridionalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Liga Narodów w publicystyce Bolesława Koskowskiego na łamach „Kuriera Warszawskiego”
The League of Nations in the journalism of Bolesław Koskowski in Kurier Warszawski
Autorzy:
Chrószcz, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-16
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Raciborzu
Tematy:
Bolesław Koskowski
Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Liga Narodów
Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych
prasa
League of Nations
United Nations
press
Opis:
Jeszcze podczas trwania II wojny światowej alianci zobowiązali się do powołania uniwersalnej międzynarodowej organizacji, która będzie stała na straży utrzymania międzynarodowego pokoju i bezpieczeństwa za pomocą zbiorowych i pokojowych wysiłków. Rocznica wejścia w życie Karty Narodów Zjednoczonych – 24 października 1945 r. jest obchodzona jako Dzień Narodów Zjednoczonych. Idea, jaka przyświeca powołanej do życia Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych, to służba dla ludzkości oraz stanie na straży porządku międzynarodowego, aby po dramatycznych doświadczeniach wojennych, wszelkie spory i konflikty rozwiązywać na drodze dyplomatycznej. Jak pokazuje historia ONZ, instytucja ta nie do końca jest w stanie sprostać roli do jakiej została powołana. Wręcz jest krytykowana przez środowiska polityczne za dysfunkcyjność. Bywa, że jest areną sporów, „gry dyplomatycznej”, na której ścierają się interesy mocarstw i ich sojuszników, co czyni niekiedy tę organizację nieefektywną, często bezradną. Sytuacja, w której toczy się wojna w Europie, uwidoczniła jej wady. Wówczas często porównuje się ONZ do jej poprzedniczki, jakim była Liga Narodów. Liga Narodów była pierwszą w historii organizacją międzynarodową powołaną do życia po okrucieństwach z czasów I wojny światowej. W myśl sygnatariuszy organizacja ta miała za zadanie czuwać nad bezpieczeństwem zbiorowym, a wszelkie spory rozstrzygać przy stole negocjacyjnym, a nie na polu bitwy. Niestety, Liga Narodów nie sprostała zadaniu, skompromitowana nie zapobiegła wybuchowi II wojny światowej, chociaż oficjalnie funkcjonowała w czasie trwania działań wojennych. Warto pamiętać, że działalność Ligi Narodów miała ogromne znaczenie także dla losów państwa polskiego. Informacje na temat działalności tej instytucji publikowano na łamach gazet. Przedstawiciele „czwartej władzy” ze wszystkich stron świata na bieżąco analizowali i komentowali podejmowane przez Ligę Narodów decyzje. Zatem nie powinno dziwić, że Bolesław Koskowski, wybitny publicysta i redaktor polityczny „Kuriera Warszawskiego”, również analizował w swoich artykułach, działalność i funkcjonowanie tej organizacji międzynarodowej, nie tracąc z pola widzenia interesów polskich omawianych na posiedzeniu Ligi Narodów.
During World War II, the Allies pledged to establish a universal international organization that would uphold the maintenance of international peace and security through collective and peaceful efforts. The anniversary of the entry into force of the Charter of the United Nations – October 24, 1945, is celebrated as United Nations Day. The idea behind the life of the United Nations and the United Nations was to serve humanity and to uphold the international order, so that after the dramatic experiences of war, all disputes and conflicts may be resolved through diplomatic channels. As the UN history shows, this institution is not fully able to meet the role for which it was established. Indeed, it is criticized by political circles for its dysfunction. Sometimes it is an arena of disputes, a "diplomatic game" in which the interests of the great powers and their allies clash, which sometimes makes this organization ineffective, often helpless. The situation in which the war is being waged in Europe has highlighted its shortcomings. At that time, the UN is often compared to its predecessor, the League of Nations. The League of Nations was the first international organization in history to be established after the atrocities of World War I. According to the signatories, this organization was to watch over collective security, and settle all disputes at the negotiating table, not on the battlefield. Unfortunately, the League of Nations did not meet the task, discredited did not prevent the outbreak of World War II, although it officially operated and functioned during the war. It is worth remembering that the activity of League sand Nations was of great importance also for the fate of this Polish state. Information on the activities of this institution was published in newspapers. Representatives of the "fourth power" from all parts of the world analyzed and commented on the decisions taken by the League of Nations on an ongoing basis. Therefore, it should not be surprising that Bolesław Koskowski, an outstanding publicist and political editor of "Kurier Warszawski", also analyzed in his articles the activities and functioning of this international organization, without losing sight of it. Polish interests discussed at the meeting of the League of Nations.
Źródło:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development; 2022, 2(103); 129-141
1897-2349
2657-5760
Pojawia się w:
Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Peacekeeping Operations by UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Autorzy:
Kalamár, Štěpán
Víšek, Jiří
Mastný, Václav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
Peace
Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Security Council of United Nations
United Nations
government of Czech Republic
technology
innovation
Opis:
This article accents recent problems of implementation by peacekeeping operations. Article reflects elementary basics of Department of Peacekeeping Operations and its role in working process of United Nations. In text are also shown the basic attributes of tasks by Security Council of United Nations. One part concerns history of peacekeeping operations and the most famous peacekeeping operations in past. In the second part of article we are dealing with issues of new technologies and innovation for future, respectively recent peacekeeping operations. In conclusion we are showing threats and risks for current situation and suggestions de lege ferenda, especially in Czech Republic.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2015, 15(15); 100-111
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations between the European Union and the United Nations – Considerations in the Context of International Security against the Case of Ahmed Ali Yusuf and Al Barakaat International Foundation
Autorzy:
Cała-Wacinkiewicz, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
International Relations
International Security
United Nations
European Union
Opis:
The actions indicated above and taken by the United Nations and the European Union (in spite of their different international law status) argue that objectives attributed to international organisations are not only postulates, but a basis for actions taken specifically, both in the legal and actual dimension. Therefore, the main research objective adopted for this study was to bring them closer, with particular emphasis on the UN and the EU joint actions for international security. Due to the complexity and multifaceted nature of the discussed subject matter of these considerations, they will be confined to the T-306/01 Ahmed Ali Yusuf and Al Barakaat International Foundation case recognized by the EU Court of First Instance. In there, as in a lens, interrelationships between the international organisations in questions are concentrated; and not only in terms of international cooperation, but, more importantly, in terms of the principle of the primacy of the United Nations law over other legal regimes.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 11-28
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Deconstructing the Struggle Against Nuclearism
Autorzy:
Falk, Richard A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1965942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
nuclear weapon
nuclear disarmament
United Nations
international law
Opis:
In such a complex and uncertain world, it may help to think like a Hindu, and accept contradiction as more in keeping with social and political reality than is finding a right answer to complex policy puzzles. What is almost impossible for those trained within Western frames of reference is to grasp that there are diverse perspectives of understanding that may result in seemingly contradictory recommendations despite shared values and goals. Civilizational perspectives and personal experience inevitably color what we feel, think, and do, and so being likeminded when it comes abolishingnuclear weapons is often coupled with somewhat divergent views on what to advocate when it comes to tactics and priorities.In this spirit, this paper tries to depict a set of reasons why the goal of nuclear disarmament will never be reached so long as arms control and nonproliferation of nuclear weaponry are seen as the pillars of global stability in the nuclear age.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2022, 13, 25; 11-23
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Malmquist Data Envelopment Analysis as a tool to evaluate the Productivity levels of Container Ports in Developing Countries located in East and Southern Africa.
Autorzy:
Osundiran, Adeola Oluwatoyin
Okonta, Felix
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14468061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-27
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Ports
Data Envelopment Analysis
African Nations
Developing
Malmquist
Opis:
Aim:  The purpose of this paper is to examine the productivity of 12 container ports located in East and Southern African developing nations for the period of 2014-2016. Furthermore, to investigate the sources of productivity change over the time period. Design / Research methods: This research collects data on the 12 container ports. The productivity of these ports is analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis based Malmquist productivity index.  This is decomposed into technological changes and technical efficiency. The sources of productivity change are identified. Conclusions /findings: The major finding of this study is the trend in the port efficiency level over the three year period of analysis. Therefore assisting maritime policymakers and port authorities on what aspect of the port production need enhancement. Originality/value of the article: Evaluation of ports in developing nations in Africa is not common. Also, the year under examination is less than five years. Therefore the result is relevant to port authorities as well as to the African nations. Implications of the research: 90% of import and exports into developing African nations are done by sea. The implication of this is that an efficient or inefficient port will have a multiplier effect on the nation’s economy. Great improvement in port productivity will enhance economic growth and development. Limitations of the research: Port efficiency should be evaluated on a yearly basis to serve as a major determinant of port productivity. However, this evaluation is based on availability of data.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2018, 2, 3; 81-100
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola narodów w religijnej formacji Izraela u proroków pisarzy
Autorzy:
Homerski, Józef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1164811.pdf
Data publikacji:
1975
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
obce narody
formacja
prorocy
foreign nations
formation
prophets
Opis:
The author deals with the problem of the role played by foreign nations in the religious life of Israel as the people of  Yahwe . He examines the prophetic oracles of the Old Testament where the foreign nations were mentioned in a general way i. e. without their names (about 530 vs.). His conclusions are as follows: The idea that the alien nations were a tool of punishment i the hand of God appeared earlier in the prophetic writings than the idea that the alien nations were an object of Yahwe’s salvific care. Punishments and calamities sent by heaven upon sinful nations were a warning or a kind of instruction for Israel that Yahwe was the upright judge of all mankind. The nations, since they witnessed the special care of Yahwe toward the chosen People, exercised a greater or a lesser impact on the implementation of the convenant of Israel. This happened in two ways: negatively (bringing about in Israel feelings of horror, shame or fear of God) and positively (awaking an awarness of the duty to give a good example and to witness for God). In the later prophetic writings the idea emerged that the alien nations were to be gained for Yahwe, but this was more a passive than an active attitude. The prophetic utterences about the nations not mentioned by name were moral and religious admonitions and were not concerned with political affaires. Those admonitions, down the centuries, became more and more eschatological and at the time, they tended to stress the importance of cult.
Źródło:
The Biblical Annals; 1975, 22, 1; 15-23
2083-2222
2451-2168
Pojawia się w:
The Biblical Annals
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcje geopolityczne Iwana Dusińskiego
Geopolitical concepts of Ivan Dusinsky
Autorzy:
Eberhardt, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18797220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Ivan Dusinsky
Russia
Slavic nations
Dusiński
Rosja
Słowiańszczyzna
Opis:
W treści artykułu przedstawiono dokonania twórcze rosyjskiego myśliciela Iwana Dusińskiego. Był on autorem interesującej książki opublikowanej w 1910 r. w Odessie, poświęconej problematyce geopolitycznej Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego. To prekursorskie dzieło naukowe zostało zaprezentowane i poddane interpretacji. Zwrócono uwagę na jego propozycję związaną z utworzeniem imperium słowiańskiego pod patronatem i zwierzchnictwem Rosji. Wymagało to opracowania zaprogramowanej i celowej polityki aneksyjnej, określono jej zakres terytorialny i konsekwencje geograficzne i polityczne. W zakończeniu zawarto stanowisko autora dotyczące przyszłości Polski.
The paper presents the achievements of one of the pioneers of the Russian geopolitics, Ivan Dusinski. He was the author of the book, published in 1910 in Odessa, entitled Fundamental problems of the foreign politics of Russia in connection with the program of its military and maritime policies. This book was brought back to the public memory and published again in Moscow in 2003 under a mode adequate title of Geopolitics of Russia. The paper tries to demonstrate that this book, in view of the novelty of ideas and interesting interpretations is indeed worth considering and deserves a critical assessment. The contemporary Russian analysts consider Dusinski, side by side with Ratzel, Kjellén, Mackinder or Haushofer, among the great founders of the modern geopolitics. The paper presents the biography of Ivan Dusinski, as well as his political and philosophical views. He was a representative of the extreme nationalist and imperialist views. He aimed at the establishment of a great Russian empire through military conquests and territorial annexations. In order to render the ideological views of Dusinski and his territorial program only two most essential substantive questions were subject to analysis. The first of these is associated with the concept of Dusinski, stipulating the necessity of establishment of the great Slavonic community. The next one concerns the proposal and the program of annexations with respect to the Russia’s neighbours. The territorial reach of this program, along with its geographical and political consequences, are shown. Further, the opinion of Dusinski, concerning the future of Poland and Poles, has also been outlined. It is also indicated in the final remarks that the foundations of the modern Russian geopolitics have been established in the same period with the bases of the geopolitics in the world.
Źródło:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej; 2012, 1; 39-59
2300-0562
2450-0127
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Our Death is Our Strongest Surviving Tradition. A Guest Essay by the Artist of Our Cover Image
Autorzy:
van Kampen, Ukjese
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27177606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Funeral Traditions
Potlatch
Yukon First Nations
Sacred Spaces
Opis:
In Canada, Yukon First Nations are politically powerful and, when viewed by an outsider, everything appears to be progressing well. But the adoption of the Western political model has a downside. We have generally sacrificed our culture for that political power. The loss of our culture has resulted in many social problems and this essay discusses what has resulted from those problems, specifically our high death rate. Ironically, our death ritual, the Potlatch, is one of the strongest surviving cultural traditions we still exercise, while our languages, laws, art, lifestyle, and spirituality are almost all forgotten.
Źródło:
Review of International American Studies; 2023, 16, 1; 31-47
1991-2773
Pojawia się w:
Review of International American Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Linguistic Diversity Approval: The Inevitable Compromise Policy
Autorzy:
Mohammed, Ghedeir Brahim
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-02
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej. Language and Society Research Committee
Tematy:
Linguistic diversity
linguistic imperialism
identity
nation’s stability
Opis:
Linguistic plurality can be a source of anxiety to some nations especially because of those groups seeking for linguistic dominance at the expense of the rest of dialects to gain political and economic benefits. However, things can be exploited differently. Linguistic diversity can help in enriching the cultural heritage and highlighting the nation’s identity. To investigate this possibility, we track the Algerian policy towards the issue of linguistic diversity. This study aims at investigating language diversity and its impact on the social security and stability in Algeria. It also attempts to shed light on the Algerian political decisions to maintain social harmony via implementing effective language planning. Results reveal that the policy adopted by Algeria to manage linguistic differentiation through the recognition of all sorts of linguistic varieties and mainly the re-consideration of the Tamazight language as a national language besides Arabic is a wise decision made by policy makers to prevent external and internal attempts to stir up linguistic –based troubles. This compromise policy maintains the nation’s stability and its success is shown through the co-existence of Arabic with its different dialectical varieties, Berber languages, spoken by non-Arab groups besides French with its predominant position imposed by the linguistic imperialism inherited from the colonial period and English with its rising competitive status to French.
Źródło:
Language, Discourse & Society; 2022, 10, 2; 65-72
2239-4192
Pojawia się w:
Language, Discourse & Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Srebrenica: where the war never ended
Srebrenica: miasto, gdzie wojna nie ma końca
Autorzy:
Violante, Antonio
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
nationalism
genocide
negationism
United Nations
nacjonalizm
ludobójstwo
negacjonizm
onz
Opis:
In Bosnia and Herzegovina changed both by the 1992–1995 war and the Dayton peace which was imposed from outside and which officialised the nationality-based division of the country, the contrasts that exploded during the conflict are still unsolved. The political forces still base their electoral consent upon nationalistic themes, while the population has lost faith when it comes to a prospective of an economically better future. A good example of this situation is the town of Srebrenica and its surroundings, where Europe’s biggest genocide since WW2 took place. There rest thousands of Muslims killed in July 1995 under the eyes of the UN military forces. The cemetery, a tangible symbol of the horrors which happened at the end of the XX century – not so different from the Nazi concentration camps that were left standing for the whole world to see and for the generations to come to keep as a warning – should inspire absolute respect in anyone. But it does not. This area is inhabited mainly by a Serbian population, and is exposed to insults and abuse from people driving by. Twenty years from the genocide – which is considered as such by Muslims only and not by Serbs – true peace is still far away, and the nationalities – ex enemies but still rivals – think that only their own dead are to be remembered, while those others are only result of media publicity. Yet if all that can happen in the Third millennia Europe, it means that there is still something wrong in the continent.
W Bośni i Hercegowinie, zmienionych zarówno przez wojnę 1992–1995, jak i narzucony z zewnątrz układ z Dayton, który sformalizował podział kraju oparty o przynależność narodowościową, kontrasty i problemy, które wybuchły podczas konfliktu są w dalszym ciągu nierozwiązane. Siły polityczne nadal opierają swoją władzę na kwestiach nacjonalistycznych, podczas gdy ludność straciła już wiarę w możliwość poprawy sytuacji gospodarczej. Dobrym przykładem omówionej sytuacji jest miasto Srebrenica i jego otoczenie, gdzie miało miejsce największe po II wojnie światowej ludobójstwo w Europie. Spoczywają tam tysiące muzułmanów zabitych w lipcu 1995 roku pod okiem sił zbrojnych ONZ. Cmentarz, namacalny symbol tragicznych wydarzeń, jakie miały tu miejsce pod koniec XX wieku – nie tak różny od nazistowskich obozów koncentracyjnych, zachowanych jako miejsca pamięci oraz przestroga dla przyszłych pokoleń – winien wyzwalać w ludziach szacunek. Niestety tak się nie dzieje. Obszar ten zamieszkały jest w większości przez Serbów i stale narażony na obelgi i nadużycia ze strony przechodniów. Dwadzieścia lat po ludobójstwie – które jest uznawane jedynie przez muzułmanów, nie zaś przez Serbów – prawdziwy pokój wydaje się nadal sprawą odległą, zaś grupy narodowościowe – byli wrogowie, ale ciągle rywale – uważają, że tylko ich zmarłym należy się pamięć i szacunek, uznając pozostałe ofiary za efekt rozgłosu medialnego. Jeśli trzecie tysiąclecie Europy naznaczają tak trudne do rozwiązania konflikty, warto podjąć dyskusję nad sytuacją i przyszłością tego kontynentu.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica; 2015, 21
1508-1117
2353-4826
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Problem of Piracy in the Relationship Between the Christians and Arabs from Northern Africa Between the 11th and 15th Centuries
Autorzy:
Wierzchowiecka-Rudnik, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1627325.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
piracy
the Mediterranean culture
the law of nations
Islam
Opis:
Throughout the period between the 11th and 15th centuries, Christian and Arabic countries as well as territorial dominions, although faced with feudal political chaos, managed to take joint action against pirates. Piracy was unanimously treated as a major risk both to inshore safety and safety at sea, as well as to trade and economic growth. Attempts were made to establish institutional framework for prosecuting the pirates and setting terms under which respective counties would remain legally liable. International treaties had laid foundations for the aforementioned framework and imposed certain liabilities on the countries. A number of treaties concluded during the period under discussion and published by an archivist in the 19th century enables modern researchers to get to know the Law of Nations created somewhere in between the Islamic and European legal cultures.
W okresie od XI do XV wieku chrześcijańskie i arabskie państwa oraz władztwa terytorialne, mimo że funkcjonowały w warunkach feudalnego chaosu politycznego, były zdolne do wypracowania jedności działań skierowanych przeciwko piratom. Piractwo traktowano zgodnie jako zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa morskiego i przybrzeżnego a także zagrożenie handlu i rozwoju gospodarczego. Próbowano stworzyć ramy instytucjonalne do wspólnego ścigania piratów oraz wypracować zasady odpowiedzialności karnej państw. Ich podstawą były zawierane traktaty międzynarodowe, nakładające na państwa określone zobowiązania. Zbiór traktatów z tego okresu opublikowany w XIX wieku przez archiwistę umożliwia współczesnym badaczom zapoznać się z prawem międzynarodowym tworzonym na pograniczu islamskiej i europejskiej kultury prawnej.
Źródło:
Studia Maritima; 2014, 27, 1; 25-40
0137-3587
2353-303X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Maritima
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teologiczne skutki pychy władców i narodów w Biblii greckiej
Theological Effects of the Pride of Rulers and Nations in the Bible
Autorzy:
Nawrot, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/607120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Old Testament
theology
biblical ethics
pride
penalty
kings
nations
Opis:
The article argues that anyone who sins with any of the attitudes denoted by the verb hypsoō w will not evade adequate punishment. When an individual commits this sin the punishment is loss of the ability to rule, illness or even death. If nations succumb to pride their fate is destruction as punishment for impenitence and disobedience to God. Punishment is inflicted on heathen rulers and nations as well as on the kings and the chosen people. Then God is the ultimate punishing instance and the foundation of justice. In turn the attitude of those who bravely oppose the pride of the rulers and whole communities encourages others to persevere in the conduct that pleases God.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne; 2011, 25; 85-106
0209-3472
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odpowiedzialność za naruszenie międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego przez siły pokojowe Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych
The Liability Of The United Nations Peace Operations For Violation Of International Humanitarian Law
Autorzy:
Stochel, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
International Humanitarian Law
United Nations
Peacekeeping Operations
International Responsibility
Opis:
Operations under the auspices of the Security Council mandate span over 70 years. Repeatedly involved in resolving armed conflicts, they have made a significant contribution to ensuring security and stability around the world. In practice, they have taken the form of operations by individual states, coalitions, other international organizations or simply as United Nations missions composed of contingents provided by Troop Contribution Countries (TCC). While operations under the auspices of the United Nations have been involved on several occasions in offensive activities under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the question of responsibility for these actions has been the subject of many legal analyses and judgments, missions organized by the United Nations are always recognized as neutral, and their activities as conciliatory and focused on monitoring the cessation of hostilities, or supervising the disengagement between the parties of the conflict, with the use of force limited to self-defence. Thus, such operations benefited from legal protection, and any action against them was considered a violation of international law. The current engagement of United Nations goes far beyond the traditional understanding of peacekeeping operations. UN missions are frequently authorized to employ all necessary means, up to and including the use of lethal force or even neutralization of the armed group. This creates a situation where in the light of International Humanitarian Law, such actions can be recognized as involvement in armed conflict. This article is intended to show the problems that the international community will soon face to in using United Nations’ missions as an instrument for resolving armed conflicts and as a tool for restoring peace and providing stability and securityin the area of operations. It presents the processes of decision-making and subordination, which in some circumstances might result in the United Nations missions being deprived of legal protection and, in addition, made liable for non-compliance with the provisions of International Humanitarian Law.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2020, 1, 29; 49-69
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Członkostwo Polski w Lidze Narodów – aspekty prawne
Poland’s Membership in The League of Nations – Legal Aspects
Autorzy:
Przyborowska-Klimczak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1046650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Liga Narodów
Pakt Ligi Narodów
organizacja międzynarodowa
członkostwo
organy Ligi Narodów
stałe przedstawicielstwo
the League of Nations
Covenant of the League of Nations
international organization
membership
bodies of the League of Nations
permanent delegation
Opis:
Polska należała do pierwotnych członków Ligi Narodów, która rozpoczęła działalność sto lat temu – w 1920 r. Podstawę prawną funkcjonowania organizacji stanowił Pakt Ligi Narodów, włączony do traktatów pokojowych, zawartych po I wojnie światowej. Członkostwo w organizacji miało duże znaczenie dla odrodzonego państwa polskiego, które kształtowało swoje stosunki w społeczności międzynarodowej. Polska była pierwszym państwem, które ustanowiło przy Lidze swojego stałego delegata. Polscy przedstawiciele uczestniczyli w pracach głównych organów Ligi: Zgromadzeniu i Radzie. Polska starała się o uzyskanie stałego miejsca w Radzie, natomiast była w niej członkiem półstałym. Była też państwem, które często uczestniczyło w postępowaniach przed Stałym Trybunałem Sprawiedliwości Międzynarodowej. W latach 30. XX w. w kręgach polskiej dyplomacji wzrastało rozczarowanie działalnością Ligi Narodów spowodowane jej nieskutecznością w zakresie zapobiegania konfliktom międzynarodowym i rozwiązywania sporów międzynarodowych.
Poland belonged to the original members of the League of Nations, organization that began its activity a hundred years ago – in 1920. The legal basis for the organization’s functioning was the Covenant of the League of Nations, incorporated into peace treaties concluded after the First World War. To a recently reborn Polish state aspiring to shape its relations in the international community, the membership in this organization was of great importance. Poland was the first state to establish the permanent delegation to the League of Nations. Polish representatives participated in the works of the main League’s bodies: the Assembly and the Council. Poland sought to obtain a permanent seat in the Council, while it was a semi-permanent member there. Poland was also a state that often participated in proceedings before the Permanent Court of International Justice. However, in the 1930s, due to organization’s ineffectiveness in preventing the international conflicts and resolving international disputes, has grown disappointment with the activities of the League of Nations among the Polish diplomacy.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze KUL; 2020, 2; 235-254
1897-7146
2719-4264
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze KUL
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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