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Tytuł:
Zjawisko wirtualizacji pieniądza w warunkach polskich
Money virtualization – Poland’s perspective
Autorzy:
Maciejasz-Świątkiewicz, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Tematy:
pieniądz wirtualny
wirtualizacja pieniądza
pieniądz elektroniczny
virtual money
money virtualization
electronic money
Opis:
Pieniądz jest elementem gospodarki od wieków. Przez ten czas jego forma ewoluowała od prymitywnych produktów do banknotów i monet. Współcześnie coraz powszechniejsze staje się korzystanie z pieniądza elektronicznego, a nawet pieniądza wirtualnego. Pojawiają się zatem pytania, jak ten pieniądz działa, czy pełni takie same funkcje jak tradycyjny pieniądz i czy na pewno jest istotną alternatywą dla obecnie funkcjonującego pieniądza fiducjarnego. W tym kontekście rodzi się pytanie, czy system finansowy w obecnym kształcie może nadal funkcjonować, czy też będzie raczej ewoluować w kierunku systemu opartego na walucie wirtualnej. Celem opracowania jest próba przedstawienia pieniądza wirtualnego jako alternatywy dla tradycyjnego pieniądza oraz ewentualnych konsekwencji wynikających z jego ekspansji na rynku. Analiza zawarta w opracowaniu odnosi się przede wszystkim do warunków polskich.
Money has been an element of the economy for centuries. During this time, its form evolved from primitive items to banknotes and coins. Nowadays, the use of electronic money and even virtual money is becoming more and more common. Therefore, there appear the questions how this money works, whether it fulfills the same functions as traditional money and whether it is an important alternative to the currently operating fiat money. In this context, the question arises whether the financial system in its present shape may continue to function or whether it rather evolves towards a system based on virtual currency. The aim of the study is to present virtual money as an alternative to traditional money and possible consequences of its expansion on the market. The analysis included in the study refers primarily to Polish conditions.
Źródło:
Bezpieczny Bank; 2017, 3 (68); 23-38
1429-2939
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczny Bank
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prospects for introducing the concept of “digital things” and “digital content”: expanding the scope of regulation of virtual assets
Autorzy:
Hrytsai, Serhii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10487432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
fintech
virtual assets
cryptocurrency
bitcoin
electronic money
money surrogate
Opis:
The lack of a legal framework did not prevent Ukraine from ranking third among the world leaders in the use of cryptocurrencies in 2022. In terms of the sum of indicators, Ukraine is ahead of such tech giants as the United States (5th place), China (10th place), and the United Kingdom (17th place). The purpose of the study is to identify the underlying principles for the introduction of a new legal definition of “digital things” and “digital content” and their prospects for use, which are laid down in draft laws No. 6447 and No. 6576, as initiatives that are satellites to the relevant law on virtual assets. As a reminder, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine “On Virtual Assets” No. 2074-IX on February 17, 2022. Since the adoption of Law 2074 by the Parliament of Ukraine on February 17, 2022 and until the period of 2023, significant events have taken place. They have significantly affected the plans of the Parliament of Ukraine to launch mandatory amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine provided for in the Draft Law 7150 and simultaneously enact Law 2074 from October 1, 2022. The study was based on the analysis of the legislative framework of Ukraine, the European Union and other international acts, including those ratified by the Parliament of Ukraine. The study has led to a number of conclusions. Draft Law No. 6447 introduces the definition of a “digital thing” that is in circulation only in digital form; these include virtual assets, digital content, online accounts, money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form. Its adoption will help potential consumers to protect their rights to digital content, online accounts, virtual assets, even money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form. Comparing the concepts of “digital thing” and “digital content” proposed by draft laws No. 6447 and No. 6576, we found signs of legal tautology in determining what is primary and what is secondary. The addition of the words “digital content” to Article 177 of the Civil Code and the expansion of the concept of a thing to “material and digital things” is at least more declarative.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 2(38); 7-25
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
REDISCOVERING MISES-HAYEK MONETARY AND BUSINESS CYCLE THEORY IN LIGHT OF THE CURRENT CRISIS: CREDIT EXPANSION AS A SOURCE OF ECONOMIC BOOM AND BUST
Autorzy:
Mrowiec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599398.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
Mises
Borio
Austrian School
Chicago Plan
private money creation
fiat money
fiduciary money
boom-bust cycles
Opis:
The article starts with a brief description of Mises’ monetary theory, with emphasis on the Misesian differentiation of two kinds of credit: commodity and circulation credit, and with the description of the impact of circulation credit expansion on the business cycle. Further on it is described how Mises’ insights constituted the kernel of Austrian Business Cycle Theory, and how the same observations on the nature of credit constituted the kernel of the Chicago Plan (though Mises’ views on the nature of credit led him to different conculsions than it led the authors of the Chicago Plan), and how this plan is being “rediscovered” now. The following sections deal with observations of one of the preeminent current macroeconomic researches, Mr. Claudio Borio, on the elasticity of credit as the source of the current crisis, and on the importance of the financial cycle in analysing the current economic crisis. The author of this text demonstrates that Austrian Business Cycle Theory gave the same answer regarding the sources of economic crises that now modern macroeconomic theory seems to be approaching, and that the postulates for successful financial cycle modeling are already included in the ABCT. Finally, some observations on the current crisis, as well as proposals of avenues of further research are proposed.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2013, 9, 2; 64-74
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychological consequences of money and money attitudes in dictator game
Autorzy:
Gąsiorowska, Agata
Hełka, Anna M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
money
priming
money attitudes
pro-social preferences
dictator game
Opis:
According to the research conducted by Vohs, Mead, and Goode (2006, 2008), reminders of money cause people to behave self-sufficiently, and especially to reveal a reduced tendency to charitable behaviour. In this study, we wanted to establish if this tendency would be present in the dictator game, and if so, whether money activation would just change behaviour, or whether it would also change people’s evaluation of their own decisions. We assumed that people who revealed symbolic and instrumental money attitudes would react differently to money activation. As expected, money priming caused smaller money transfers compared to the control condition, and this effect was significant among those with symbolic attitudes toward money. Moreover, participants who transferred at least half of the sum after money activation declared stronger negative emotions and lower satisfaction with the decision than those who made similar transfers in the control condition.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 1; 20-26
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comments on a presentation delivered by Stefan Brunnhuber on the topic "Money and Sustainability. The Missing Link" on October 17, 2013
Komentarz do prezentacji przedstawionej przez Stefana Brunnhubera na kanwie książki "Money and Sustainability. The Missing Link" w dniu 17 października 2013 r.
Autorzy:
Prandecki, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Prognoz Polska 2000 Plus PAN
Tematy:
Money and Sustainability
Źródło:
Przyszłość. Świat-Europa-Polska; 2014, 1; 158-160
1895-0949
Pojawia się w:
Przyszłość. Świat-Europa-Polska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The EU project of the ‘AML Package’ – reform or revolution in the field of counteracting of money laundering
Autorzy:
Golonka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52089898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
money laundering, counteracting money laundering, AML directive, AML package, AML set
Opis:
The study is an original scientific article devoted to the issues of proposed changes in the EU regulations on counteracting money laundering (the so-called ‘AML package’). A significant part of the amended provisions of EU legal acts will be governed by EU Regulations and, as such, they will be directly applicable. This situation justifies the need for an in-depth analysis. On the other hand, those provisions which remain in the form of directives raise certain reservations. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyse the nature and scope of the comprehensive amendment to the AML regulations using a formal-dogmatic method. Based on this analysis, conclusions were drawn regarding the assessment of the legitimacy and possible effectiveness of the proposed regulations in combating money laundering. The conclusion also highlights the inaccuracies and deficiencies they are burdened with, allowing for de lege ferenda postulates concerning the desired correction of the regulations.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2024, 18, 2 ENG; 1-21
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Index of the cycle of money - The case of Poland
Autorzy:
Challoumis, Constantinos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2207157.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the cycle of money
index of the cycle of money
Opis:
This paper aims at assessesing how a well-established theory of the cycle of money works in a real scenario like the economic system of Poland. The prior works have revealed the case of Latvia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Thailand and Ukraine accord- ing to the concept of the theory of the cycle of money. The outcomes show that Poland is over the average global value. The results confirm that Poland is a well-structured economy able to overcome an economic crisis. The current work is significant, as it verifies the strength of Poland’s economy to a potential crisis. The period under analysis encompasses the years 2012–2017, i.e. a period in which the EU and other European countries counteracted an economic crisis. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to show the condition of Poland’s economy, based on that theory. The paper aims to cal- culate the index of the cycle of money. The hypothesis of the paper is the econometric testability of the index of the cycle of money. The general index of the cycle of money of Poland’s rate is 0.62 for the above-mentioned period of crisis in the Eurozone and more generally in Europe. Poland’s index is much higher than this minimum rate. This is the only published work for Poland following this theory; therefore, it provides new findings of the economy of Poland, based on on the theory of the cycle of money.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2022, 6, 1; 72-86
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money laundering and cybercrime
Autorzy:
Krupa, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-06
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
cyberspace
cybercrime
money laundering
Opis:
In order to be used legally, proceeds from criminal activity must be laundered first. One type of crime that can be linked to money laundering is cybercrime, which has to be fought with special tools allowing for operation in cyberspace. Money laundering, and the related financing of terrorism and organised crime, pose a major threat to state security and financial stability.
Źródło:
Cybersecurity and Law; 2022, 8, 2; 160-165
2658-1493
Pojawia się w:
Cybersecurity and Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realizacja obowiązków wobec osób zajmujących eksponowane stanowiska polityczne, wynikających z ustawy z 1 marca 2018 r. o przeciwdziałaniu praniu pieniędzy i finansowaniu terroryzmu
Fulfillment of obligations in relation to politically exposed persons, resulting from the Act of 1 March 2018 on Counteracting Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism
Autorzy:
Podraza, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
money laundering
deputy
bank
Opis:
The Act on Counteracting Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism imposes upon obligated institutions (including banks) the obligation, crucial in relation to the other requirements specified in the Act in question, to implement appropriate procedures enabling the identification of clients or their actual beneficiaries as Politically Exposed Persons (PEP). The identification of a client as a PEP status person means that increased financial security measures need to be applied to him/her and his/her family members and close associates on account of potentially greater risk of money laundering, financing of terrorism or corruption. Consequently, in the author’s view and in light of the provisions of the Act on counteracting money laundering, a Sejm Deputy and his/her immediate family members may be obligated by the bank to submit a declaration on the source of the client’s property and assets at the client’s disposal as part of business relationships or transactions.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 1(69); 183-188
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can Cryptocurrencies be the Future of Money? The Role of Democracy
Autorzy:
Karan, Mehmet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13925611.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-27
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
cryptocurrencies
fiat money
democracy
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to evaluate if cryptocurrencies that have robust technology and anonymous features can be the money of the future. In this study, the transition phases of paper money, which started to be used at the beginning of the 17th century, to bank money, then banknotes and fiat money were examined. By pointing out that the fiat money system has developed within the conditions of humanity's search for democracy and freedom. It has been stated that fiat money can only be successful in democratic systems where institutions operate freely, and therefore fiat money is an instrument of democracy. It has been concluded that the authoritarian tendencies, which have started in the world since the 21st century due to nationalism, migration, and climate change, are an important factor in the widespread use of cryptocurrencies. It has been concluded that the spread of cryptocurrencies is directly dependent on the democratic practices of countries and if authoritarianism rises, the use of cryptocurrencies will inevitably be more.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2022, 6, 1; 7-15
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bitcoin versus money: civil-law analysis of the concept
Bitcoin a pieniądz – cywilnoprawna analiza pojęcia
Autorzy:
Goldiszewicz, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1359798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
bitcoin
pieniądz
waluta
środek płatniczy
kryptowaluta
pieniądz legalny
pieniądz prywatny
money
currency
legal tender
cryptocurrency
legal money
private money
Opis:
The article attempts to conduct a civil-law based analysis of bitcoin, which is the most representative example of the so-called cryptocurrencies. The unit, like money, fulfils the payment and exchange functions, becoming an alternative to traditional currencies. This circumstance justifies the need to consider whether bitcoin can be recognised as money. Therefore, it has been analysed against the background of the concept of money. The presented study has made it possible to assume that bitcoin constitutes private money. This, in turn, opens the possibility of assessing the manner of settling a liability expressed in a bitcoin unit, e.g. partially through the prism of the institutions typical of pecuniary payments. Such an approach is the only one that does not distort the essence of bitcoin, which was originally intended to be an alternative to legal money.
W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę cywilnoprawnej analizy bitcoin, stanowiącego najbardziej reprezentatywny przykład tzw. kryptowaluty. Jednostka ta – podobnie jak pieniądz – pełni funkcję płatniczą, wymiany, stając się alternatywą dla tradycyjnej waluty. Okoliczność ta uzasadniła potrzebę rozważania, czy bitcoin może być uznany za pieniądz. W związku z tym został on przeanalizowany na tle pojęcia pieniądza. Prowadzone rozważania pozwoliły przyjąć, że bitcoin stanowi pieniądz prywatny. To z kolei otwiera możliwość podjęcia próby oceny sposobu spełnienia świadczenia wyrażonego w jednostce bitcoin przez częściowy chociażby pryzmat instytucji właściwych dla świadczeń pieniężnych. Takie spojrzenie, jako jedyne, nie wypacza bowiem istoty bitcoin, które w swym założeniu stanowić miało alternatywę dla pieniądza legalnego.
Źródło:
Ius Novum; 2019, 13, 3; 195-209
1897-5577
Pojawia się w:
Ius Novum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O pewnych właściwościach pieniądza
Autorzy:
Rybarski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Nowym Sączu
Tematy:
pieniądz
Arystofanes
Kopernik
Smith
Galbraith
pieniądz kruszcowy
pieniądz papierowy
euro
bony dolarowe
pieniądz dobry
pieniądz zły
dolaryzacja
euroizacja
money
Aristophanes
Copernicus
commodity money
paper money
substitute dollar bills
good money
bad money
dollarization
euroization
Opis:
W artykule opisano zmiany, jakie przeszedł pieniądz, poczynając od wynalezienia go w roku 650 p.n.e. w Lidii do czasów współczesnych. Przez większość tego czasu występowało zjawisko wypierania pieniądza lepszego przez pieniądz gorszy. Przyjmuje się, że jako pierwszy opisał je w roku 450 p.n.e. w komedii Żaby Arystofanes. W kolejnych wiekach zwrócili uwagę na to zjawisko M. Oresme, M. Kopernik i T. Gresham. H.D. Macleod nazwał je prawem Greshama, a K. Gide nazwą tą objął również wypieranie pieniądza kruszcowego przez pieniądz papierowy. Współcześnie można się z kolei spotkać się z poglądem, że w krajach o wysokiej inflacji działa odwrotność prawa Greshama, czyli że pieniądz lepszy wypiera z obiegu pieniądz gorszy. Przykładem tego jest dolaryzacja, wprowadzenie euro i euroizacja. W sumie pieniądz jest wyjątkowym zjawiskiem. Współcześnie w części ma postać materialną, a w części utracił swój byt fizyczny, będąc zapisem elektronicznym. Można zatem powiedzieć, że pieniądz z droższego materiału jest wypierany przez pieniądz z materiału tańszego, aby w końcu stać się zapisem, jakimś ideałem. Nadal jest jednak narażony na psucie, a forma psucia uległa dematerializacji. Psuciem tym jest inflacja, a w ślad za tym deprecjacja i utrata siły nabywczej. Ponadto na początku wieku XXI wystąpiły trzy zdarzenia dolaryzacja, zastąpienie pieniądza krajowego w szeregu państw przez „wymyśloną” jednostkę pieniężna nazwaną euro oraz euroizacja. Rezultatem tych zdarzeń jest ograniczenie w pewnym stopniu suwerenności państw objętych tymi zmianami.
This article portrays the process of transformation of money since its invention in 650 BC in Lidia up to modern times. Most of this time there dominated a principle that „bad money drives out good one”. It is believed that this principle was first noted by Aristophanes in his play „The Frogs”, which dates from around the end of 5th century BC. In the centuries that followed the law that the more valuable commodity money would disappear from circulation was stated by Nicole Oresme, Nicolaus Copernicus and Sir Thomas Gresham respectively. The law was named Gresham's law by Henry Macleod and Charles Gide used the same name to describe the displacement of metal coin money by paper money. Nowadays, however, a view is offered that in countries with high inflation the opposite phenomenon to Gresham's law occurs, i.e., „good” money drives out „bad” money from circulation. Examples of this tendency are dollarization, an introduction of the Euro and euroisation. All in all, money is a unique phenomenon. Nowadays, in part, it has a physical form, and in part it has lost its physical existence for the sake of an electronic record. Thus, it can be said that fine substance money is rid of by cheap substance money in order to eventually become an electronic record, a nebulous idea. Yet it is still prone to deterioration, and the form of deterioration has dematerialized. This deterioration is manifested through inflation, followed by depreciation and a loss of purchasing power. Furthermore, at the beginning of the 21st century three developments have been witnessed. Dolarisation, replacement of national currency in a number of countries by an „invented” monetary unit called the Euro, and euroisation. As a result of these events, the sovereignty of countries affected by these changes is limited to some extent.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne. Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo, Środowisko; 2018, 1/2018 (2); 102-112
2544-6916
2544-7858
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne. Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo, Środowisko
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy z rozumieniem współczesnego pieniądza
The Problems of Contemporary Money
Autorzy:
Gruszecki, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/654894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
pieniądze
teorie pieniądza
barter
pieniądze papierowe
definicja klasyczna – trzy funkcje pieniądza
money
theories of money
paper money
the classical definition – three functions of money
Opis:
The aim of the article is to review the existent theories of money and money definitions that result from them. What is still provided in the textbooks is, first of all, a classical definition of money which emphasasizes three basic functions that is serves which are: its transactional function, money as the measure of value and the thesaurus function of money. Secondly, money originates in the barter system. The classical definition was fully-justified until money could covered in precious metals, at least partly. Or this reason money cannot be currently expected to pay all three functions mentioned above. Hence the following hypothesis: First of all, the classical 3-functional money definition has been invalid for a longer while now. It is still existent in textbooks, It has become inert. Secondly, modern Anglo-Saxon literature makes a comeback to the perception of money as the product introduced by the State which is the main factor in the creation of the monetary system and regulation of monetary markets. It is included in the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). Hence the second hypothesis. If we decide to support the idea of paper money dominance the definition of money has to include only two functions: money as a mean of transaction and as the measure of value. The thesaurus function is skipped as it is still desired, however not guaranteed (to a different degree and at different times). Simultaneously, a number of current historical analyses support the thesis that the traditional theory on the origin of money which is believed to come from the barter system cannot be supported any more. The concept of the barter is strongly criticized both in the Modern Monetary Theory and recently shaped theory stating that money is a contract (D. Graeber). The review of MMT points to discrepancies between a traditional classical 3-functional perception of money and the definition of money as a debt and it originating in the State. The last two approaches sometimes coincide and the form of paper money-Fiat Money can be explained only on their basis. The classical definition of money which is still present in textbooks would make sense if there was a comeback to money being covered in gold and if it was concluded that the fact it lacks cover is historically temporary. However it would be in total disagreement with the mainstream economic thoughts since Keynes times. At the same time serious accusations were formed against barter as the first stage of the origin of money.
Trudno o bardziej podstawową kategorię w ekonomii niż pieniądz. Jak to często bywa z pojęciami kluczowymi trudno o ich precyzyjną definicję; przyjmuje się je jako oczywiste, np. sformułowanie w podręczniku Samuelsona i Nordhausa (1995): „pieniądz to w końcu wszystko, czym możemy płacić…”. Definicja pieniądza, jeszcze 40 lat temu oczywista, stała się niewygodna dla sektora finansowego po ostatecznej dominacji pieniądza papierowego bez pokrycia (Fiat Money). Kryzys finansowy i arbitralna polityka władz monetarnych spowodowały powrót do dyskusji na temat: czym jest współczesny pieniądz? Dyskusja taka toczy się w krajach anglosaskich, pokazując zasadnicze różnice poglądów. Środowiska w Europie wydają się pochłonięte dyskusją nad obroną i przetrwaniem euro. W Polsce fakt, że w toczącej się dyskusji zostało zakwestionowane dotychczasowe rozumienie pieniądza, nie został dotąd odnotowany; jak zwykle doganiamy świat, uważając że przyszłość pieniądza koncentruje się na euro. Poniższy artykuł sygnalizuje, na przykładowo dobranej literaturze, zasadnicze spory odnośnie istoty pieniądza.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2015, 6, 317
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ilość i jakość pieniądza - perspektywa cybernetyczna
The Quantity and Quality of Money - Cybernetic Perspective
Autorzy:
Włodarczyk, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/586241.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Efektywność
Pieniądz
Podaż pieniądza
Siła nabywcza
Effectiveness
Money
Money supply
Purchasing power
Opis:
Popularność ilościowej teorii pieniądza sprawiła, że rozważania na temat jakości pieniądza, które wydają się niezbędne dla całościowej oceny efektywności funkcjonowania systemów pieniężnych, zostały w znacznym stopniu zmarginalizowane. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wybrane poglądy na temat wzajemnych relacji ilości i jakości pieniądza, a także podjęto próbę oszacowania wpływu jednoczesnego zwiększania podaży pieniądza i spadku siły nabywczej pieniądza na jego zdolność do obsługi procesów gospodarczych. Przeprowadzone rozważania pozwoliły na stwierdzenie, że nawet jeżeli tempo wzrostu podaży pieniądza jest szybsze niż tempo spadku jego siły nabywczej, to w pewnych warunkach zdolność pieniądza do obsługi procesów gospodarczych może zmaleć.
Because of the popularity of the quantity theory of money investigations in the quality of money (which seem to be indispensable to assess the global efficiency of monetary systems) have been marginalized. This article presents selected opinions on the relations between quantity and quality of money and tries to estimate the impact of simultaneous increases of the supply of money and erosion of its purchasing power. Conducted consideration allow to conclude that even if the rate of growth of supply of money is greater than the rate of decrease of its purchasing power, the ability of money to serve economic processes may (under certain conditions) diminish.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2015, 236; 61-72
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O kontrowersjach wokół funkcjonalnej definicji pieniądza
On Controversies about the Functional Definition of Money
Autorzy:
Włodarczyk, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/590555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Finanse
Pieniądz
Finance
Money
Opis:
In the economic literature there is a tendency not to define the nature of money, but to specify functions that money is supposed to perform or to assume that these functions are determining the nature of money. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate some controversies arising upon the acceptance of the functional definition of money. The analysis focused on particular (traditionally defined) functions of money (means of payments, store of value, medium of exchange and unit of account). Conducted considerations allowed to attribute fundamental importance to the unit of account function of money.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 176; 133-142
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Literacki mariaż seksu z finansami w Drwalu Michała Witkowskiego
Autorzy:
Targosz, Daria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1052538.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-15
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
sexuality
erotism
finances
money
Opis:
Michał Witkowski’s novel Drwal (The woodcutter) shows various approaches to the subject of sexuality, what seems particularly inspiring, cognitively valuable and important from the perspective of this article is corporeality connected with elements related to money and finances, which are based on an integral, inseparable connection of two – seemingly not directly related – areas: sex and finances. For the novel’s protagonists, these two areas are inextricably complementing each other. The goal of this article is to examine and interpret the images of sexuality related to the sphere of finances presented by Witkowski, to understand their functions, to consider the consequences of combining these two areas, and to analyze the relationship between erotica relationship with the financial sphere and the uneroticizing of human sexuality. Thus the aim of this text is to verify whether the sexuality described in the novel is devoid of eroticism. Further, the paper discuse the manner of presenting these approaches to sexuality. The article also considerate the language of showing this specific approach to sexuality and reflection on its implications.
Źródło:
Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne; 2019, 9; 9-18
2084-1302
Pojawia się w:
Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Counterfeiting of banknotes in Poland
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, Remigiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45658060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-13
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
banknotes
security
money counterfeiting
Opis:
The article presents in a broad perspective the phnomenon of the banknote counterfeiting in Poland. It was was investigated using an analytical approach based on various factors characterizing the discussed practice. The denominations most exposed to counterfeiting (PLN 100 and PLN 200) were identified, the number of criminal proceedings conducted in cases of money counterfeiting was examined, and the structure of banknotes seized as doubtful was analysed. In addition, an analysis of the PPM indicator showing the number of counterfeits per 1 million banknotes in circulation was carried out, comparing Poland's data with data from other countries. The article also presents the basic classification of banknote counterfeits. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that Polish banknotes are characterized by high resistance to counterfeiting, resulting from the recent modernization of the banknotes and their well-chosen security features. At the same time, the Polish currency - due to its local nature and relative weakness against the EUR and USD - is not attractive to international criminal groups specializing in counterfeiting.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2023, 151(3); 233-255
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz i spójność procesów ekonomicznych
Money and Cohesion of Economic Processes
Деньги и сплоченность экономических процессов
Autorzy:
Żyżyński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/549104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
pieniądz
banki
kreacja pieniądza
kryzys instytucji
money
banks
money creation
institutional crisis
Opis:
Artykuł podejmuje kwestię roli pieniądza we współczesnej gospodarce. Proponuje redefinicję tego pojęcia i zdefiniowanie go jak „prawa do nabywania dóbr i usług”. Ten sposób rozumienia pieniądza pozwala lepiej zrozumieć jego funkcje w gospodarce i prowadzi do ważnych wniosków. Autor pokazuje mechanizm kreacji pieniądza w procesach realizacji funkcji pośrednictwa w systemie bankowym i rolę banku centralnego oraz związków z zagranicą ukazywanych w bilansie płatniczym. Opisuje kształtowanie agregatu pieniężnego i dowodzi, że kryzys współczesnego pieniądza w jego funkcjach ekonomicznych ma swe źródła w kryzysach instytucji współczesnego systemu finansowego.
The paper deals with an issue of a role of money in a modern economy. It proposes a new definition of this term and specifies it as “rights to buy goods and services’. Such a way to under-stand money allows to better understand its functions in the economy and leads to important con-clusions. The author shows mechanism of money creation in processes of intermediation in a banking system and discusses a role of a central bank and international relationships reflected in a balance of payments. He describes creation of money aggregates and argues that crisis of modern money in its economic functions results from crises of institutions of the modern financial system.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2016, 46; 80-122
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Growing labor productivity and securitization – the two surprising factors of income inequality
Autorzy:
Sopoćko, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/583045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
LTRO
money supply
income distribution
Opis:
The paper tries to indicate two reasons for worldwide growing income disparity. The first one is capitalism transformation from individual ownership to anonymous, broadly diversified portfolio holders, who do not adhere to a particular company for a long time. The leading role is played by the company management, especially its CEO. Capital owners become finance holders who look only at temporarily best investment opportunities. Therefore, the managers are compelled to race for higher rate of return. To ensure that the assets portfolio of financial owners is diversified, financial capitalists prefer short-time investment strategies, focusing more on short-time efficiency than on long-time development, mainly on cost reductions, including workers’ salaries. Such efforts are accompanied by a strong and continuous rise in labour productivity (the second factor). Over time, fewer people are needed to participate in the production process, which contributes to the weakness of the labour force in the struggles for salary. This constrains the income rise for a big part of the society and leads to a global demand squeeze.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 482; 240-251
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bitcoin jako pieniądz w perspektywie islamu (wybrane problemy)
Autorzy:
Kurek, Robert
Adamek, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Islam
money
bitcoin
islam
pieniądz
Opis:
The article presents the analysis and evaluation of the essence of bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) from the perspective of its (their) adaptability to the Muslim concept of money. From an economic point of view in the so-called Western culture, all the classical functions of money cannot be fully attributed to bitcoin. Although it performs the function of an exchange medium and the means of payment, it does not fulfil the role of a value storing instrument and thus proves to be a defective measure of value. In the Islamic world, the perception of bitcoin as money is a more complex problem because its economic presentation overlaps with religious issues. Such relationship results in a situation when the answer to the question: can bitcoin be approached as money, is formulated on the basis of a subjective interpretation of the Sharia law, which is also ambiguous.
Treścią artykułu jest analiza i ocena istoty bitcoina (oraz innych kryptowalut) z punktu widzenia jego (ich) przystawalności do muzułmańskiej koncepcji pieniądza. Z ekonomicznego punktu widzenia w tzw. kulturze Zachodu bitcoinowi nie można w pełni przypisać wszystkich klasycznych funkcji pieniądza. Choć realizuje on funkcję środka wymiany i środka płatniczego, to jednak nie wypełnia roli instrumentu tezauryzacji oraz w ułomny sposób sprawdza się jako miernik wartości. W świecie islamu postrzeganie bitcoina jako pieniądza jest zagadnieniem bardziej złożonym, ponieważ jego ujęcie ekonomiczne przenika się z kwestiami wyznaniowymi. Mariaż ten prowadzi do sytuacji, w której odpowiedź na pytanie, czy bitcoina można traktować jako pieniądz, jest formułowana w oparciu o subiektywną interpretację prawa szariatu, która jest niejednoznaczna.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2018, 52, 3
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Household Money Holdings in the Euro Area: An Explorative Investigation
Autorzy:
Seitz, Franz
von Landesberger, Julian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/565699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
money demand
cointegrated VARs
households
Opis:
In this paper we analyse household holdings of the broad monetary aggregate M3 in the euro area from 1991 until 2009. Households are the largest money-holding sector in the euro area. We develop four models, two in nominal, two in real terms, with satisfactory economic and statistical properties. The main determinants are a transactions variable, wealth considerations, opportunity costs and uncertainty. In particular housing wealth is found to play an important role. The models are robust to different estimation strategies, samples considered and a multitude of misspecification tests. According to our analysis, it is quite apparent that in equilibrium, households jointly determine consumption and broad money holdings which are both influenced by wealth as well as interest rates. The importance of household money holdings for consumption expenditures may cast doubt on a purely passive role for money.
Źródło:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics; 2014, 2(2); 83-115
2353-6845
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Banking and Financial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Od ukrycia do odkrycia. Skarb – nie skarb na pograniczu Korony Polskiej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego XVI–XVIII w.
From hidden to revealed. Treasure – non-treasure on the boarder of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (XVI–XVIII centuries)
Autorzy:
Filipow, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951366.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
numismatics
coin treasures
money circulation
Opis:
The number of coin and isolated artefacts treasures in the modern period (XVI–XVIII centuries) undergoes, first and foremost, statistical and hypothetical analyses. In contrast to the early medieval period, coin treasures found in the Polish land contain coin-shaped gold and silver bullion, but not gold bars, the so-called “placki” – pieces of bullion, although items of everyday use (trays, jugs, chalices, goblets, gravy-boats, etc.) made of precious metals, often decorated with European coins, can be found. It was not unusual to recast coins and medals into medallions and medals in pedants or in decorated belts, which were often studded with ancient coins. One has to remember about a specific role of the coin hidden in the form of a treasure or isolated artefacts. Firstly, it was used as a means of payment and its value was regulated by law. In the case of foreign coins in circulation in the Polish territory, legal regulations were replaced by evaluation tables, which were available to merchants, bankers and all those who officially dealt with money circulation. The function of the coin as a circular means was also very important. Still, not everybody realizes that the coin fulfilled another vital function – it was a means of accumulation of assets – which seemed essential from the point of view of those hiding coin treasures. In the times of economic, political and military unrest, it was the most convenient to accumulate movable property in the form of coins. The appendix attached to this article contains dishes dated by coin treasures from the discussed period.
Źródło:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne; 2014, 12
1425-1930
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola NOK w poprawianiu zarządzania aktywami publicznymi – priorytetowe zadania Grupy Roboczej INTOSAI
Role of SAIs in the Improvement of Public Assets Governance – Activities of the INTOSAI Working Group on the Fight against Corruption and Money Laundering
Autorzy:
Kościelniak, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
corruption
money laundering
good governance
Opis:
The mission of the INTOSAI Working Group on the Fight against Corruption and Money Laundering is to promote international cooperation among Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) and other international institutions in the area of the fight against corruption and money laundering. Another objective of the Group’s activities is also to set policies and strategies on how to combat these phenomena within the mandates of SAIs. At present, one of priority tasks of the Group is to finalise works on the document comprising guidelines on good governance of public assets.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2015, 60, 1 (360); 174-179
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can a "Lone wolf" quasi-investigative journalist substitute low functionality of the law enforcement system?
Autorzy:
Školkay, Andrej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471250.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
money laundering
undercover investigative journalism
anti-money laundering (AML)
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Hong Kong
Opis:
The present article analyzes a relatively unusual case, in which a quasi-investigative journalist, working in an entirely independent capacity, succeeded in uncovering and foiling an international money laundering attempt. This extremely significant story reveals the existence of a complex legal framework for tackling money-laundering operations in the EU. In this particular instance, local police and prosecutors were unable to take action against the perpetrator of illegal activity, as the case did not fulfill conditions of local legislation. The present study thus draws attention to the weakness of anti-corruption and anti-money laundering legislation. It provides evidence that a non-affiliated journalist can also be a great asset to society, although the actual mostly low coverage of the case indicates a poor media understanding of the social implications of crime detection across both the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2016, 9, 2 (17); 197-212
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomiar i źródła wartości jednostki pieniężnej. Teoria i praktyka
Money and money unit value measurement. Theory and practice
Autorzy:
Jędrzejczyk, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943612.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
pieniądz,
jednostka pieniężna,
produktywność pracy,
pomiar,
wartość
money,
money unit,
wage productivity,
measurement,
value.
Opis:
W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję pieniądza i jednostki pieniężnej wywodzącą się z rachunkowości pracy. W tym kontekście rozumienie pieniądza jako należności z tytułu pracy, a jednostki pieniężnej jako jednostki pracy umożliwia poszukiwanie źródeł wartości pieniądza, a tym samym precyzyjny jego pomiar. Główną determinantą wartości pieniądza jest produktywność pracy rozumiana jako iloraz produkcji w cenach sprzedaży lub PKB do kosztów pracy. Dążeniem ekonomistów zatem w sensie mikro-, jak i makroekonomicznym powinien być stały i stabilny wzrost produktywności pracy. W sferze mikroekonomicznej to zadanie przejmuje zarząd spółki, a w sferze makroekonomicznej rząd, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Ministerstwa Finansów. Brak normatywu innego niż wartość poprzednio zaobserwowana oraz integracja wielu zmiennych czyni produktywność pracy głównym miernikiem ekonomicznych dokonań w sferze miro- i makroekonomicznej.
In the paper the concept of money and money unit based on labourism approach has been presented. In this context understanding money as wage receivable and money unit as labour unit enables to search for the value of money and its proper approximation. The main determinant of money value in presented approach is wage productivity understood as the product of sales revenues or GDP to the labour costs. Hence the main goal for economists should be maintaining the steady increase of wage productivity factor both in micro- and macroeconomics. In microeconomic sense this goal is the responsibility of the board of the entity, and in macroeconomic sense – the government, especially ministry of finance. Lack of optimal value and simplicity of the wage productivity factor makes it the ost important and informative economic factor.
Źródło:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy; 2018, 54; 206 - 217
1898-5084
2658-0780
Pojawia się w:
Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potoczna wiedza dzieci na temat pieniędzy. Wnioski z badań własnych
Autorzy:
Raszka, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
elementary education
children’s everyday knowledge about money
attitudes towards money
financial coaching
Opis:
The article deals with colloquial knowledge about money of eight- and nine-year-old children. The importance of spontaneous and planned conversations on the subject of money is emphasised, conducted in the family and school environment. Attention is paid to the importance of pupils’ personal knowledge, their out-of-school experiences and shaping their active attitude in constructing economic knowledge. The article also refers to the author’s research on the children’s everyday knowledge about money.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny; 2019, 64(4 (254)); 255-271
0023-5938
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryzys jako skutek kryzysu funkcji pieniądza i kryzysu instytucji
Autorzy:
Żyżyński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
money, central bank, financial crisis
Opis:
The paper analyses transformation of functions of money and addition of a newone. The newest function transforms money from a right to buy goods and servicesinto the right to buy money itself.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 1; 13-34
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inflation in a virtual economy – a real or virtual threat?
Autorzy:
Maciejasz-Świątkiewicz, Marta
Musiał, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
inflation
virtual economy
virtual money
Opis:
The aim of the paper is an analysis of the way and circumstances under which inflation can occur in a virtual economy. It is also an attempt to answer the question whether, and in what way virtual inflation may be related to inflation in the real economy. The article is conceptual, because in the present state of statistical data the effects of virtual economies are not carried out, or are generated in a very small number, which makes it impossible to make reliable calculations.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 4(21); 42-51
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Origins and Evolution of Deposit Banking Activities – Analysis of the Literature
Autorzy:
Mikliński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
banking history
bank deposit
money
Opis:
The current norms governing deposit banking activities are the result of a centuries-old evolution of the construct of bank account, the legal nature of bank account, the subject of deposit, and banking institutions themselves. Different civilizations and cultures have contributed to the shaping of deposit activities. The aim of the article is to present and discuss, from a historical-legal point of view, the origin and unfolding of deposit banking activities over time: from antiquity, through the Middle Ages, the early modern period, to modern times. The deliberations are set against a broader financial and legal backdrop to include the transformation of economic power that accompanies deposit activities, expressed in the form of: commodity money, bullion, paper money, and funds. The picture of evolution is completed by the emerging institutions of supervision, capital requirements or deposit guarantee schemes, constituting a series of normative solutions adopted due to the need to provide a framework for deposit activities that would prioritize the security of the depositor. The study, due to its historical-legal character within the scope of detailed sciences, does not aim at applying the conclusions in legal practice or in the theoretical-legal dimension. It serves to collect and show the already acquired historical-legal knowledge about the foundations of contemporary normative solutions of bank deposit activities. In order to achieve the research goal, the study uses the research method of critical literature review. Thus, a reference was made to scientific historical- legal and historical studies, from the point of view of a selected research problem, which has not been elaborated in a cross-sectional manner so far.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 3; 128-145
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dziecko w środowisku pieniądza: przekonania podzielane przez dzieci w wieku 8–9 lat
A child in the money environment: beliefs shared by eight- and nine-year-old children
Autorzy:
Raszka, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1386964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
dualistic nature of money
„the concept of money”
colloquial knowledge
third grade primary school pupils
Opis:
This article is a report from qualitative research conducted by the text’s author. Third grade primary school pupils who took part in the study have expressed their view of money by completing twelve incomplete sentences about money. The aim of the study was to find children’s shared beliefs about money. In accordance with the instrumental and symbolic nature of money there appear to be two main groups of phrases ending incomplete sentences. Some of children’s statements refer to instrumental understanding of money, that is, they relate to its value in use and economic functions. Other statements are connected with the symbolic nature of money, showing its psychological and social functions.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2020, 50, 3; 125-136
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money Growth and Social Stability
Autorzy:
Basci, Erdem
Basci, Sidika
Gherby, Tahar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14107787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-28
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Money Velocity
Money Growth
Heterogeneity
CBDC
Wealth Distribution
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG10
Inequalities
Inflation
Opis:
Aim:  Both the Keynesian and the Fisherian channels of sovereign money growth have slowed down significantly in the decade following the Global Financial Crisis (GFC).  This, together with the rise of fintech, privately issued unbacked crypto-assets tried to fill this void. These developments have revived the interest on the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) idea and on potential channels for future sovereign money growth.  The aim of this paper is to compare the Keynesian and Fisherian channels of sovereign money growth regarding their impact on wealth distribution and inflation.  Design / Research Methods: To achieve our aim we use a simple Agent Based Model (ABM) to capture heterogeneity. In our model, the agents are heterogeneous consumers with different spending propensities but with equal initial wealth levels and with exactly same non-interest incomes over time.    Conclusions / findings: We show that Keynesian (uniform) money growth channel has a softening effect on the wealth dispersion and thereby, on the downward pressure on money velocity. The model indicates that the inclusive nature of current post-Covid19 recovery plans may have a desirable impact on social stability. Yet, these plans may also be more inflationary in comparison the post-GFC policies. Originality / value of the article: This paper shows that heterogeneity of economic agents should not be ignored by policy makers and that ABM is a convenient tool to design and analyse monetary and fiscal policies under heterogeneity. Implications of the research: The implication for policy makers is that the demand deficiency associated with the fall in money velocity and the worsening of wealth dispersion may be softened by a more inclusive money growth regime, potentially with the practical use of CBDCs.  Yet the extra inflationary impact of such a regime need to be kept in mind.  
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2021, 5, 4; 96-115
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Od barteru do pieniądza wirtualnego - charakterystyka procesu dematerializacji pieniądza
From Barter to Virtual Currency- the Characteristic of Money Dematerialisation Process
Autorzy:
Kubiczek, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Historia gospodarcza
Pieniądz
Pieniądz elektroniczny
Transakcje barterowe
Barter transaction
Economic history
Electronic money
Money
Opis:
Pieniądz, choć podlega nieustannym przemianom nadającym mu coraz to bardziej umowny charakter, nieprzerwanie stanowi ważny element gospodarki od momentu pojawienia się monet w VII w. p.n.e. w starożytnej Grecji. W artykule omówiono przykłady różnych form pieniądza, występujących w gospodarce na przestrzeni dziejów: pieniądza towarowego, papierowego oraz wirtualnego. Celem tej analizy jest przedstawienie podobieństw i różnic pomiędzy poszczególnymi formami pieniężnymi oraz wskazanie ich mocnych i słabych stron. W ten sposób pokrótce zaprezentowano przebieg procesu dematerializacji pieniądza, od momentu wyłonienia się pieniądza towarowego z wymiany barterowej aż do współczesnych walut wirtualnych.
Money has been an important part of economy since the appearance of coin money in the 7th centrury BC. However, before implementing coin money, there were numerous forms of money existing in different civilisations in early stage of development. This paper discusses few examples of commodity, paper and virtual money so as to find similarities and dissimilarities in applied forms of money. Furthermore, the article provides a brief comparison of disadvantages of all presented forms of money which finally lead to the development of a new, more sophisticated kind of money. As a result, virtual currencies have become a part of the contemporary economics.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2015, 236; 46-60
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A vicious circle of the benchmark reform
Autorzy:
Mielus, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1203971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Tematy:
financial indices
benchmark regulation
money market
Opis:
The Benchmark Regulation (BMR) imposes the necessity of the conversion of the quote-based financial indices to the transactional-based ones. The reform is a challenge for administrators of indices that perform feasibility studies of the conversion process. The article analyses pros and cons of various methods of the index reform indicating the optimal path of such activity as far as money market is concerned. A choice for a “parallel listing” path seems to be the safest one if one takes into account the legal and economic risks embedded in various transition models.
Źródło:
Bezpieczny Bank; 2017, 4 (69); 109-130
1429-2939
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczny Bank
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz i instytucje finansowe a rozwój cywilizacji
Money and financial institutions and the development of civilisation
Autorzy:
Denis, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/901811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Gdańska Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna
Tematy:
money
financial institutions
development of civilisation
Opis:
The article is a short description of banking history. The author presents episodes of it’s development, including historical background – from the oldest banking systems in ancient times, through medieval till nowadays. Further-more, he shows a review of a history of money in each periods of the past. The author is also describing the nature of financial institutions and the specificity of their activities.
Źródło:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość; 2012, 9; 402-412
1731-8440
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ROLA PAŃSTWA W ZRÓWNOWAŻONYM ROZWOJU SYSTEMU BANKOWEGO
Development of virtual currency schemes
Autorzy:
Mackiewicz, Piotr
Musiał, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
virtual money
virtual currency schemes
Bitcoin
Opis:
The whole world conducts a lively discussion about a new creation, namely virtual currency schemes. The questions arise: What differs them from currently known systems? Do those currencies posses any real value? and finally: Do they pose any threat to conventional and current monetary systems and world economy? The interest of European Central Bank and FED into them shows how important they are. The aim of this article is to present opportunities and threats coming from the development of virtual currency schemes. The article is composed of short history of currencies showing the creation of virtual currencies as well as discusses the classification of virtual currency schemes, which is important to analyze the development direction of these schemes, as well as its chances and threats.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 1(18); 132-141
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How to measure the economic integrity of IBOR panels? A behavioural approach
Autorzy:
Mielus, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
financial benchmarks
money market
behavioural finance
Opis:
IBOR manipulation imposed new benchmark regulations that forced the market to enter a path of the reform of the existing financial indices and the creation of new ones. The paper describes the evolution of two IBOR panels: one representing a global financial benchmark LIBOR, and the other representing a local PLN benchmark, WIBOR. The paper provides a quantitative analysis of partial quotes of IBOR panellists and suggests that economic integrity measures should be introduced for IBOR panels. The aim of the research is to define a set of tools that provide information regarding the efficiency of the process of the production of the interest rate benchmark. The research is supplemented with a behavioural analysis of the banks’ decision-making process that interferes the contribution of IBOR data. The integrity measures can help market users and financial authorities in evaluating the quality of current and past panels and identifying behavioural factors impacting on partial quotes of the contributing banks.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2019, 24, 1; 51-73
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economy as a Crucial Component of Elementary Education Curriculum
Autorzy:
Jagiełło, Ewa
Vargová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507123.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
economic
education
child
consumer
finance
money
Opis:
Business, economy and finance are very popular subject-matters in the contemporary world. This is why it is important to introduce them, step by step, from an early age. “Pocket money”, as well as allowing a child to be involved in the family’s financial affairs, seems to be necessary for preparing children to develop their management skills which will be useful in their future, adult life. A child ought to know the value of money and possess some ability to apply it. Children gain such rudimentary knowledge on the basis of interaction with the social environment and everyday experience, through participating in economic exchange purchase-sale, witnessing the withdrawal of money from a cash machine by relatives, using the post office, etc. However, it is a teacher’s duty to help children increase and systematize this knowledge in a process of early childhood education. The skills gained by children during the schooling will help them in the future. They will become responsible participants in economic life, making both rational choices and decisions which will affect positively their chance to gain success in personal and professional life.
Źródło:
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education; 2014, 5; 29 - 42
2084-7998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Początki polityki pieniężnej na ziemiach polskich
Autorzy:
Rolski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/591674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Pieniądz
Polityka pieniężna
Monetary policy
Money
Opis:
The Beginnings of the Monetary Policy in Polish Land
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2014, 176; 122-132
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Propozycje zmian wyznaczania stóp rynku międzybankowego określających rzeczywistą cenę pieniądza
Proposed Changes to Determine Interbank Market Rates Specifying the Real Price of Money
Autorzy:
Gradoń, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/587530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Pieniądz
Rynek międzybankowy
Interbank market
Money
Opis:
Before the crisis in 2008 the most popular way to finance lending was borrowing the missing funds from the interbank market. With the crisis in this market turnover significantly decreased, and with it came the question marks on the measure of the market, which is IBOR. In Poland WIBOR does not reflect the current real price of money in the interbank market in periods other than overnight. Due to the fact that WIBOR used numerous agreements and the current formula does not work in the interests of all market participants, it is to set it according to the new methodology. There are also ideas to replace WIBOR with another, more real ratio or index.This problem also applies to the most important rate, which is the LIBOR. Following the disclosure of the amount of manipulation the British Financial Services Authority (FSA) has prepared a report with recommendations to modify the rules for determining LIBOR. The article presents a proposal for changes in the way of setting IBOR rate, which will reflect the actual price of money regardless of the situation on the financial market.
Źródło:
Studia Ekonomiczne; 2013, 173; 81-94
2083-8611
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Special Approaches Against Terrorist Acts – The Banks’ Obligation to Counteract Money Laundering Pursuant to the Polish Banking Law
Autorzy:
Judyta, Banaszyńska,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
banking law
financing
money laundering
terrorism
Opis:
One of the main issues connected with terrorism – a “crime without borders”, a complex phenomenon the definition of which has proven elusive, is terrorism financing and money laundering. The Polish legislator – in the Polish Banking Law – imposes on banks (within the scope of their legal definition) a duty of counteracting money laundering and terrorism financing, which corresponds with the significant role of banks and other financial institutions when it comes to the prevention of terrorist crimes. On the basis of the Act on Counteracting Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing, a special system was created – the aim of the regulations is to facilitate successful performance by banks of their duties. In the Act, the office of the General Inspector of Financial Information was created, with an important task of controlling the realization of banks’ duties, as well as cooperation with relevant services and improvement of international antiterrorist activity. Beyond any doubt, the functioning of the Polish system could be guaranteed by broader legal and institutional frameworks on an international level, the achievement of which is contingent upon the activity of the European Union and the United Nations. A significant element in the fight against terrorism financing crimes is also proper training of the banking sector employees and officers, as well as ensuring proper communication and cooperation between them.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 67; 191-203
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money attitude of Ukrainian young people: socio-demographic aspect
Autorzy:
SIMKIV, MARIANNA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/627982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
money attitude, age, gender, education, income
Opis:
The article provides the results of research on how social and demographic peculiarities in uence money attitudes of Ukrainian youth. It reveals dependency on money attitudes on such characteristics as gender, age, education, place of residence, place of employment, employment position and income level.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2013, 4, 2; 36-45
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pieniądz cyfrowy banków centralnych − wnioski z analizy wybranych koncepcji
Central banks digital currency – conclusions from the analysis of selected concepts
Autorzy:
Iwańczuk-Kaliska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
pieniądz
banki centralne
money
central banks
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest analiza elementów wybranych koncepcji emisji pieniądza cyfrowego przez banki centralne oraz sformułowanie na tej podstawie wniosków dotyczących realizacji idei CBDC w praktyce banków centralnych. W opracowaniu wykorzystano analizę raportów banków centralnych wybranych państw rozważających wprowadzenie niefizycznej formy pieniądza banku centralnego, będącej powszechnym prawnym środkiem płatniczym, oraz opracowań naukowych dotyczących konsekwencji różnych podejść do tego zagadnienia. Rozpatrywane koncepcje pieniądza cyfrowego banku centralnego należy traktować jako projekty systemów płatności detalicznych. Funkcjonujące obecnie tego rodzaju systemy stworzone przez uczestników rynku zapewniają wygodę, sprawność i bezpieczeństwo rozliczeń w danej walucie oraz cieszą się zaufaniem publicznym. Aspekty te nie mogą więc stanowić uzasadnienia wprowadzenia rewolucyjnych zmian, polegających na przejęciu głównej roli w ich organizacji przez banki centralne.
The aim of the article is to analyze the elements of selected concepts of digital money issued by central banks and to formulate conclusions on the basis of the CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) idea in the practice of central banks. The study uses the analysis of documents and reports of central banks of selected countries considering the introduction of non-phisical form of central bank money as a universal legal tender and scientific studies on the consequences of various approaches to this issue. The analyzed central bank digital currency concepts should be treated as retail payment schemes. Currently operating retail payment systems created by market participants − due to systemic oversight − provide convenience, efficiency and security and enjoy public trust. These aspects cannot, therefore, justify the introduction of revolutionary changes, which consist in taking over the central role in their organization by central banks.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2018, 531; 180-189
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kobiety piszą i rachują
Women write and calculate
Autorzy:
Kraskowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1391816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-11-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
literature
women
money
literatura
kobiety
pieniądze
Opis:
This article is a review of the multiple-author book titled Księgowanie. Literatura, kobiety, pieniądze [Bookkeeping: Literature, Women, and Money], which was published by Szczecin University Press in 2014. The collection contains articles that are devoted to the economic aspects of Polish women’s lives, as they have been discussed in literature (i.e. fiction, autobiographical and journalistic writings, etc.) from Romanticism until the present day, with particular focus on the financial situation of women writers.
Źródło:
Przestrzenie Teorii; 2015, 23; 267-273
2450-5765
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzenie Teorii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Money as a network good
Autorzy:
Włodarczyk, Julita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Monetary integration
Money
Network effects
Structure
Opis:
Many economic phenomena, including flows of money, can be treated as manifestations of operation of specific networks. In contrast to the popularity of analyses of network structure and dynamics in sociology and physics, economic investigations concerning network approach in general and network properties of money in particular have not been popular until recently. This paper presents the concept of money as a network good and its features (complementarity, standardization, consumption externalities, switching costs, lock-in, dependence on social preferences and expectations and economies of scale in production). It is asserted that network theory of money may shed new light on such processes as monetary integration.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2015, 20; 53-63
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing size and subjective value of objects with diminutive names
Autorzy:
Bocian, Konrad
Białobrzeska, Olga
Parzuchowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
diminutives
judgment
language
money
perception
size
Opis:
Numerous studies show that language (in its grammatical forms or morphology) can influence both perceptual judgments, as well as the mental categorization of objects in memory. Previous research showed that using diminutive names of objects resulted in being less satisfied with owning said objects and lowering their perceived value. In the present studies, to explore this phenomenon, we decided to investigate whether the influence of a diminutive on the reduction in the subjective value of an object is determined by the perceived size of the object, in accordance with the „bigger is better” heuristic. In Study 1 participants estimated a banknote to be smaller when it was presented with a diminutive label “banknocik” (banknote with diminutive) than “banknot” (banknote). However, this was not related to the perceived subjective value of the banknote. In Study 2 participants declared that they could buy less with a coin labeled as “pieniążek” (coin with diminutive) than “pieniądz” (coin), but the effect was not linked to the perceived size of the coins. In Study 3 a candy bar labeled as “batonik” (candy bar with diminutive) was evaluated worse than the same product labeled “baton” (candy bar), however, once again this was not related to the evaluation of its size (weight). Thus, we show that the effect of diminutives on the reduction in the subjective value of an object is independent of the evaluation of the size of the object and we consider other explanations for the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 3; 423-429
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kreacja pieniądza kredytowego w warunkach polityki luzowania ilościowegobanków centralnych
Autorzy:
Pyka, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630141.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
quantitative easing, asset purchase programs, Q1, Q2, Q3, CBPP, SMP,OMT, monetary base, reserve money, credit money, quantity of money in circulation
Opis:
The study aims at identification of causes why QE had low impact on the growthof credit money supply in the United States and euro area. The identification ofcauses is supported by analysis of the asset purchase programs implemented byFed and ECB. The differences in the policies are considered the main cause oflower growth of lending in the euro area compared to the US.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 1; 75-88
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) - Barriers to Its Introduction
Autorzy:
Nocoń, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
central bank digital currency
digital money
CBDC
Opis:
Theoretical background: The beginning of the third decade of the 21st century brought a dynamic development of new technologies, intensifying the ongoing process of digitalization of the global economy. Among these changes, one of the undoubtedly noticeable areas that are developed both on theoretical and practical grounds is the central bank digital currency (CBDC). It is a new – different from cash – currency issued by the monetary authorities, considered as a response to the development of private virtual currencies, which is aimed at the same time to improve the circulation of money. An increasing number of central banks are considering issuing their own CBDC. According to the BIS studies, in 2021 nine out of ten central banks actively research implementation of a digital currency. This number is constantly growing. More and more monetary authorities are at an advanced stage of CBDC work, 26% of central banks already running pilot tests (compared to only 8% in 2018). Purpose of the article: The main aim of the article is to identify barriers to the central bank digital currency introduction as well the case study analysis of the current involvement of selected central banks in the process of its implementation. Research methods: The main research method used in the conducted empirical research is the case study analysis of selected central banks that have undertaken works on the CBDC implementation. The research verifies the main hypothesis that despite growing involvement of central banks in the work for the issue of CBDC, its barriers and limitations are large enough to inhibit practical implementation. Main findings: The results indicated that such barriers as limited validity period, lack of anonymity and full control of a central bank over its use may significantly limit further monetary authorities’ work on its implementation.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2023, 57, 2; 67-86
0459-9586
2449-8513
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Digital Currencies Trading under Polish and EU Public Law
Autorzy:
Bałdowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684715.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Digital currency
trading
financial instruments
money
regulation
Opis:
Digital currencies are a worldwide phenomenon gaining an increasing interest among investors, economists and legal scholars. They are used mainly as a new mean of ex-change and as a new way of investing funds, since the rapid changes in their value allow to gain extraordinary profits. Up to this point the legal status of digital currencies has not been clearly established under neither Polish nor EU public law, although some of the existing regulations may be indirectly applied to them. Under current regulations digital currencies cannot be treated as a legal mean of payment, as an electronic money nor a financial instrument. Creation of a complex regulation regarding digital currencies and granting administrative authorities supervisory powers over their trade seems to be necessary. Because of the evolution of financial markets, classifying digital currencies as financial instruments is a possible way of regulating their trade.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2018, 8
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DETERMINANTS OF THE DEMAND FOR INTERNATIONAL RESERVES IN UKRAINE
Autorzy:
Shevchuk, Victor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/453559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Katedra Ekonometrii i Statystyki
Tematy:
international reserves
imports
exchange rate
money stock
Opis:
This study investigates the demand for international reserves in Ukraine and its structural change in the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crisis in the context of a univariate error correction model (ECM). We find a time-invariant demand for international reserves in the short-run, with the inverse relationship with the volatility of international transactions, exchange rate depreciation and the excessive money stock and the positive link to imports and crisis developments. However, the long-term relationships are not stable over time, except for the effects of the money disequilibrium and crisis disturbances. The exchange rate depreciation and electoral cycle contribute to a depletion of reserves during the post-crisis period only. The adjustment of actual reserves to their long-run relationships is quite rapid.
Źródło:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych; 2015, 16, 2; 102-112
2082-792X
Pojawia się w:
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Money Attitudes on the Relationship Between Income and Financial Satisfaction
Autorzy:
Gasiorowska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
money attitudes
wealth perception
income
financial satisfaction
Opis:
Prior research has showed that the subjective perception of objective wealth might be affected by various individual difference variables, such as one’s love of money, level of desires, or materialistic inclinations. This paper examines an impact of attitudes towards money on the relation between personal net income and household income, and its subjective evaluation, measured as financial satisfaction and subjective economic well-being. The results of two studies revealed that the affective dimension of money attitudes (assigning the symbolic meaning to money) partially mediated the relationship between income and financial satisfaction. Moreover, the instrumental dimension of attitude towards money (individuals’ attitude toward money management) moderated this relationship: The relationship between the two was stronger for individuals highly concentrated on money management than for those with low scores on this factor.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 2; 197-208
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-50 z 313

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