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Wyszukujesz frazę "molecular techniques" wg kryterium: Temat


Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
Tytuł:
Application of molecular techniques for the assessment of microorganism diversity on cultural heritage objects
Autorzy:
Otlewska, Anna
Adamiak, Justyna
Gutarowska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
molecular techniques
microbial diversity
metagenomics
genetic fingerprinting
cultural heritage
biodeterioration
Opis:
As a result of their unpredictable ability to adapt to varying environmental conditions, microorganisms inhabit different types of biological niches on Earth. Owing to the key role of microorganisms in many biogeochemical processes, trends in modern microbiology emphasize the need to know and understand the structure and function of complex microbial communities. This is particularly important if the strategy relates to microbial communities that cause biodeterioration of materials that constitute our cultural heritage. Until recently, the detection and identification of microorganisms inhabiting objects of cultural value was based only on cultivation-dependent methods. In spite of many advantages, these methods provide limited information because they identify only viable organisms capable of growth under standard laboratory conditions. However, in order to carry out proper conservation and renovation, it is necessary to know the complete composition of microbial communities and their activity. This paper presents and characterizes modern techniques such as genetic fingerprinting and clone library construction for the assessment of microbial diversity based on molecular biology. Molecular methods represent a favourable alternative to culture-dependent methods and make it possible to assess the biodiversity of microorganisms inhabiting technical materials and cultural heritage objects.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 2; 217-225
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detekcja oraz badanie koinfekcji wybranych patogenów odkleszczowych z zastosowaniem technik molekularnych
Detection and study of co-infections of selected tick-borne pathogens using molecular techniques
Autorzy:
Wypart-Pawul, Aleksandra
Grobelak, Anna
Piekutin, Janina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/27315985.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07-19
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
Tematy:
patogeny odkleszczowe
reakcja PCR
techniki molekularne
tick-borne pathogens
PCR reaction
molecular techniques
Opis:
Postęp technologii, coraz większa ingerencja człowieka w środowisko, masowy wzrost turystyki przyczyniły się do wzrostu znaczenia zoonoz. Wśród nich można wyróżnić kleszcze, które są drugimi, po komarach, wektorami przenoszącymi groźne patogeny chorobo¬twórcze, m.in. bakterie, wirusy oraz pierwotniaki. Kleszcze, kiedyś spotykane tylko w lasach, dziś uległy znacznej synantropizacji. Można je spotkać w parkach, przydomowych ogródkach, zielonych terenach rekreacyjnych w miastach. Diagnostyka chorób przenoszonych przez patogeny odkleszczowe powinna być szybka, a jednocześnie precyzyjna. Dzięki rozwojowi technik biologii molekularnej jest to możliwe. Reakcja łańcuchowej polimerazy (PCR) jest techniką pozwalającą na szybką i czułą detekcję patogenów odkleszczowych, jak np. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato czy Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Techniki molekularne mają tę przewagę nad tradycyjnymi metodami fenotypowymi, że nie są uzależnione od hodowli mikroorganizmów na podłożach mikrobiologicznych, co wymaga czasu. Techniki molekularne umożliwiają dodatkowo sprawne wykrywanie koinfekcji patogenów.
The advancement of technology, increasing human interference in the environment, and the massive increase in tourism contributed to the growing importance of zoonoses. Among them, we can distinguish ticks, which are the second, after mosquitoes, vectors that carry dangerous pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and protozoa. Ticks, once found only in forests, have now become synanthropized today. They can be found in parks, home gardens, green recreational areas in cities. The diagnosis of diseases transmitted by tick-borne pathogens should be quick and precise. The development of molecular biology techniques, gives this possibility. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that allows for quick and sensitive detection of tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato or Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Molecular techniques have the advantage over traditional phenotypic methods in that they do not rely on the cultivation of microorganisms on microbial media, which takes more time.
Źródło:
Inżynieria środowiska i biotechnologia. Wyzwania i nowe technologie; 346-356
9788371939013
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kolekcja zachowawcza tradycyjnych odmian drzew owocowych w Śląskim Ogrodzie Botanicznym
A protective collection of traditional fruit tree varieties in the Silesian Botanical Garden
Autorzy:
Jańczak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/272011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Górnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna im. Kardynała Augusta Hlonda
Tematy:
Śląski Ogród Botaniczny
tradycyjne odmiany drzew owocowych
ochrona kolekcji
techniki molekularne
Silesian Botanical Garden
traditional fruit-tree varieties
protection of the stand
molecular techniques
Opis:
Uprawa drzew owocowych towarzyszy człowiekowi od neolitu określanego jako początek rolnictwa. Postępy w dziedzinie sadownictwa następowały wraz z rozwojem cywilizacji czego efektem jest wyhodowanie wielu nowych odmian. Obecnie cześć starych tradycyjnych odmian o mniejszej wartości produkcyjnej jest gwałtownie wypierana z upraw. Jednak okazuje się, że wiele tych odmian wykazuje inne wartości, jak np. na dużą odporność na różne patogeny oraz na klimatyczne zmiany środowiska. Czynione są starania mające na celu zgromadzenie jak największej liczby starych, nie komercyjnych już odmian drzew w sadach prowadzonych w sposób tradycyjny. Doskonałym miejscem do zakładania sadów metodą ex situ są ogrody botaniczne, których celem miedzy innymi jest ochrona zasobów genowych. Prowadzenie kolekcji tradycyjnych odmian stwarza możliwości do wykorzystania ich w przyszłości poprzez wprowadzenie badań technikami molekularnymi. Na terenie Śląskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego w Mikołowie znajduje się kolekcja sadownicza tradycyjnych odmian drzew owocowych na łącznym obszarze wynoszącym 2,38 ha. Sady te są prowadzone w sposób ekologiczny z użyciem wyłącznie naturalnych środków ochrony roślin oraz nawozów naturalnych. Ponadto na terenie kolekcji odbywają się warsztaty i szkolenia z zakresu sadownictwa, do których prowadzenia zapraszani są specjaliści z instytutów sadowniczych. W przyszłości planuje się rozbudowę kolekcji na nowych miejscach, utworzenie szczegółowej inwentaryzacji drzew rosnących w Ogrodzie oraz pozyskanie kolejnych ginących już odmian tradycyjnych ze starych sadów przydomowych, organizując ekspedycje terenowe.
Cultivation of fruit trees has been accompanying the humans since neolith times recognized as the beginnings of agriculture. Advancements in fruit growing occurred together with the development of civilization resulting in the cultivation of many new varieties. Presently, some of the traditional varieties of a lower production value have been rapidly eliminated from cultivation. However, they apparently show other qualities e.g. high resistance to different pathogens or climatic changes of the environment. Efforts have been made to collect as many as possible of the no longer commercially available varieties in orchards managed in a traditional way. Botanical gardens are a perfect place to establish orchards by ex-situ method as they are aimed at protection of the gene resources. Growing a collection of traditional varieties creates possibilities for their use in the future by introduction of molecular techniques based research. A collection of traditional fruit–trees has been cultivated in the Silesian Botanical Garden in Mokołów in an area of 2,38 ha. The orchards are grown using environmentally friendly farming methods and applying exclusively natural plant protection means and fertilizers. Workshops and training courses are organized in the orchards for the audience of experts from pomology institutes e.g. The Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture from Skierniewice and the Silesian Center of Agricultural Consultancy in Częstochowa – Mikołów Division. Plans are made extend the collection into new areas, development of a detailed inventory of the trees grown in the Garden and obtaining new examples of diminishing traditional fruit tree varieties from old orchards in home gardens identified during site expeditions.
Źródło:
Problemy Ekologii; 2010, R. 14, nr 3, 3; 126-131
1427-3381
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bioengineering in cosmetology – the overview of present state and future prospects
Autorzy:
Betyna, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
engineering
innovation
molecular biology
techniques
technology
Opis:
Biological engineering, also referred to as bioengineering, is a branch of biotechnology focused on solving problems of life sciences with the use of the most modern technology, analytical and synthetic methodologies, including possibly lowest cost of the conducted analyses and procedures. Nowadays, bioengineering is in the lead in the scientific world. Unlike traditional engineering techniques, which apply mathematical and physical sciences to analysis processes and structures of biological systems, the biological engineering is capable of molecular analysis due to developing knowledge of molecular biology and progress in technology.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 89; 199-207
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metody identyfikacji gatunkowej grzybów z rodzaju Candida. Część II. Techniki molekularne
Methods for species identification of genus Candida fungi. Part II. Molecular techniques
Autorzy:
Gnat, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22326536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
choroby grzybicze
grzybice
Candida
identyfikacja gatunkowa
metody
metody molekularne
test PCR
metoda multiplex PCR
metoda nested-PCR
metoda real time PCR
fluorescencyjna hybrydyzacja in situ
spektrometria mas MALDI-TOF MS
czynniki chorobotwórcze
grzyby chorobotwórcze
łańcuchowa reakcja polimerazy
piroliza ze spektometrią mas
identification
molecular techniques
MALDI-TOF MS
Opis:
A rapid and accurate identification of the Candida is crucial for clinical treatment of local and systemic candidiasis. Premature diagnosis of invasive fungal infections is problematic because most clinical signs are non-specific and cultures are often negative or become positive too late for the initiation of effective antifungal therapy. Therefore, studies have been performed to improve molecular techniques for the diagnosis of candidiasis. Today, molecular strategies, such as PCR and non-PCR based methods are used to complement conventional laboratory approach. They provide accurate results in much short time of 1.5–3 h. Given the high accuracy and time saving with molecular typing techniques it is likely that most of these methods could improve routine clinical laboratory identification of Candida yeast species. However, further studies are needed for standardization of such procedures. This article presents an overview and discussion on molecular identification methods in the context of their application for the diagnosis of Candida fungi. Particular attention has been focused on the advantages and limitations of the indicated methods and the possibilities of their implementation for routine use in clinical laboratories.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 03; 167-174
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowoczesne techniki i technologie inżynierii środowiska
Novel Methods and Technologies in Environmental Engineering
Autorzy:
Miksch, K.
Cema, G.
Felis, E.
Sochacki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
tlenowe granule
zewnątrzkomórkowe polimery
częściowa nitryfikacja
proces Anammox
zaawansowane procesy utleniania
systemy hybrydowe
oczyszczalnie hydrofitowe
dekoloryzacja barwników
bioremediacja gruntu
mikoryza roślin
techniki biologii molekularne
PCR
FISH
aerobic granules
granule formation
extracellular polymeric substances
partially nitrification
anammox process
advanced oxidation processes
hybrid systems
constructed wetlands
decolorization
synthetic dyes
soil bioremediation
plant mycorrhization
molecular biology techniques
Opis:
The novel technologies used in environmental engineering were discussed in this paper – the formation of aerobic granules, the Anammox process, the advanced oxidation processes, the use of fungi for dyes decolorization, constructed wetlands, the soil phytoremediation supported by rhizosphere microorganisms and the use of molecular biology technique in environmental engineering. The structure of granular sludge is influenced by EPS production. The average diameter and density of biogranules increase due to EPS production. Although polysaccharides are essential, proteins were found to be the predominant component of aerobic granular sludge. Compared to loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) showed more significant correlations with granules formation. This investigation will contribute towards a better understanding of the behavior and composition of EPS in sequencing batch reactors. The traditional nitrification and denitrification processes proceed well with typical municipal wastewater. Nevertheless, there are also nitrogen-rich wastewater streams like landfill leachate or reject waters from dewatering of digested sludge, for which traditional nitrification/denitrification can be generally ineffective due to free ammonia inhibition of nitrification and unfavorable biodegradable carbon content for denitrification. Because of high requirements for oxygen and the necessity for addition of external carbon source, treating such nitrogen-rich streams with nitrification/denitrification would become expensive and unsustainable. The least resources consuming pathway for the conversion of ammonium to nitrogen gas is a combination of partial nitrification and the Anammox process. The main advantages of this process compared to the conventional nitrification/denitrification are: low sludge production, decrease of the aeration costs by almost 60% (only half of the ammonia is oxidized to nitrite in the nitritation process without further oxidation to nitrate), and no need for external organic carbon source addition (Anammox process). Furthermore, anammox bacteria oxidize ammonium under anoxic conditions with nitrite as the electron acceptor, and converse energy for CO2 fixation. Additionally, the biomass yield of the Anammox process is very low (0.08 kg VSS kg NH4-N-1 in comparison to 1 kg VSS kg NH4-N-1 in conventional nitrification/denitrification process) consequently, little sludge is produced. The low sludge production is another factor that contributes to the substantially lower operation costs compared to conventional denitrification systems. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are oxidative methods which are based on the generation of the hydroxyl radicals, which are very reactive and less selective than other oxidants. In the wastewater treatment technology, AOPs can be used in a combination with conventional biological techniques (so called hybrid processes), as pre- and post- treatment processes. The advanced oxidation processes have been used in order to increase the biodegradability and also detoxification of the wastewater. The ability of fungi to degrade lignin-cellulose debris is well known. In addition to these natural molecules they may also degrade synthetic compounds, including synthetic dyes. High effectiveness of Evans blue and brilliant green mixture removal by all tested strains was demonstrated. The process was the most effective and fast in shaken conditions. Finally strain MB removed 90% of tested mixture in shaken samples after 96h. It was the best result reached among all the strains used in the experiment. High removal efficiency was accompanied by a decrease of toxicity (from V class to III class in test with D. magna and from IV class even to non-toxic in test with L. minor). The highest decrease of phytotoxicity was noticed in samples with shaken biomass in which the effect of dyes mixture elimination was the best. The research indicates very high potential of tested strains for decolorization and detoxification of dyes mixture. Constructed wetlands are man-made system mimicking the process occurring in natural wetlands. These systems are considered to be an alternative to more technically advanced waste water treatment technologies. The development of constructed wetlands is envisaged to pursue the following directions grouped according to: the type of the waste water to be treated, target contaminants, treatment intensification methods, ancillary benefits and the locality. Mycorrhiza fungi can be used for phytoremediation proccess. They support plant growth by lowering the stress caused by the lack of phosphorus and water. They produce enzymes participating in several stages of xenobiotics decomposition, which is helpful in their further biodegradation performed by the other rhisospherical organisms. The natural colonisation of PAHs contaminated soil is a long-term process. It could be shortend by adding fungal propagules as an inoculum to the soil. Fungi used for the injections should be isolated from PAHs contaminated soil. That guarantees their survival and development in the contaminated environment. The level of PAHs elimination from soil depends on a type of bioremediation modification used. It was shown that the best results are obtained with monocotylous plants combined with bacterial and fungal biopreparations obtained from contaminated soil. The symbiosis of mycorrhiza fungi with monocotylous plants caused ca. 40% increase of 3, 4, 5 and 30% of 6-ring hydrocarbons removal from soil in comparison with the conventional methods. Important aspect of environmental protection and engineering is the possibility for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of complex microbial communities, responsible for biotechnological processes, such as: soil bioremediation, wastewater treatment or composting. Due to the fact that most of the environmental bacteria cannot be grown in the laboratory conditions molecular techniques are widely used in environmental engineering. Among these methods the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based and hybridization-based (such as Fluorescent in situ Hybridization; FISH) techniques are known to be the most useful.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2015, Tom 17, cz. 1; 833-857
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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