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Tytuł:
Application Of Kalman Filter In Navigation Process Of Automated Guided Vehicles
Autorzy:
Śmieszek, M.
Dobrzańska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Kalman filtering
odometry
laser measurements
Opis:
In the paper an example of application of the Kalman filtering in the navigation process of automatically guided vehicles was presented. The basis for determining the position of automatically guided vehicles is odometry – the navigation calculation. This method of determining the position of a vehicle is affected by many errors. In order to eliminate these errors, in modern vehicles additional systems to increase accuracy in determining the position of a vehicle are used. In the latest navigation systems during route and position adjustments the probabilistic methods are used. The most frequently applied are Kalman filters.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2015, 22, 3; 443-454
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of signal disruptions from an optical triangulation measurement sensor
Autorzy:
Stryczek, R.
Dutka, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/114091.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
laser measurements
fast Fourier transformation
low-pass filtering
measurement capability
Opis:
The paper presents the analysis of a measurement signal from a measurement triangulation sensor (laser) obtained during the positioning of an industrial robot. The signal is characterised by the range of disruptions. Their character is complex, because it involves the influence of robot position correction signals generated by the drive, free vibrations of the mechanical system caused by its movement and instability of reading the optical measurement sensor. There are presented the components of a test stand as well as the interactions between the robot control system, PLC, the laser controller and the user's HMI. The results of the analysis of the obtained data indicate that the reliable reading in the time shorter than the time of the system relaxation is possible. The presented issue is an element of a wider research program, the aim of which is to determine the correlations between the measurement capability of the method realised with the active use of an industrial robot and the measurement realisation time.
Źródło:
Measurement Automation Monitoring; 2016, 62, 2; 62-65
2450-2855
Pojawia się w:
Measurement Automation Monitoring
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
3D Modelling of Cylindrical-Shaped Objects From Lidar Data - an Assessment Based on Theoretical Modelling and Experimental Data
Autorzy:
Janowski, A.
Bobkowska, K.
Szulwic, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
α-shape
2D Delaunay triangulation
3D modelling
laser measurements
silo measurements
Opis:
Despite the increasing availability of measured laser scanning data and their widespread use, there is still the problem of rapid and correct numerical interpretation of results. This is due to the large number of observations that carry similar information. Therefore, it is necessary to extract from the results only the essential features of the modelled objects. Usually, it is based on a process using filtration, followed by simplification and generalization of redundant contents of datasets. This process must ensure the collection of new data without loss of information contained therein, the description accuracy of the key features of a measured object, as well as the uniqueness and comparability of results. In this paper, the authors extend the already extensive range of algorithms for the automatic or semiautomatic modelling of cylindrical objects, which have been measured using the laser scanning technology, with the one employing a concave hull or - in general - the alpha-shape (α-shape). The applicability of the proposed method was analysed using simulated data - generated analytically with the introduced and established systematic error with normal distribution - and using real results of the measurement of cylindrical-shaped objects. For real data, the obtained results were compared with the reference data. This made it possible to determine the validity of the proposed new method.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2018, 25, 1; 47-56
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A New Laser-Registered View of the Shrinkage Kinetics of Foundry Alloys
Autorzy:
Zych, J.
Snopkiewicz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
casting shrinkage
cast iron
kinetics of shrinkage
laser measurements
skurcz odlewu
żeliwo
kinetyka skurczu
pomiary laserowe
Opis:
This paper presents a new stand for studying the linear shrinkage kinetics of foundry alloys. The stand is equipped with a laser displacement sensor. Thanks to this arrangement, the measurement is of a contactless nature. This solution allows for the elimination of errors which occur in measurements made using intermediary elements (steel rods). The supposition of the expansion (shrinkage) of the sample and the expansion of the heated rod lead to the distortion of the image of the actual dimensional changes of the studied sample. A series of studies of foundry alloys conducted using the new stand allowed a new image of shrinkage kinetics to be obtained, in particular regarding cast iron. The authors introduce in the study methodology a real-time measurement of two linked quantities; shrinkage (the displacement of the free end of the sample) and temperature in the surface layer of the sample casting. This generates not only a classic image of shrinkage (S) understood as S = f (t), but also the view S = f (T). The latter correlation, developed based on results obtained using the contactless method, provide a new, so far poorly known image of the course of shrinkage in foundry alloys, especially cast iron with graphite in the structure. The study made use of hypo- and hypereutectic cast iron in order to generate an image of the differences which occur in the kinetics of shrinkage (as well as in pre-shrinkage expansion - expansion occurs during solidification).
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 3; 41-46
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomiary i diagnostyka wiązki laserowej jako narzędzia wytwarzania
Measurements and diagnostics of a laser beam as a manufacturing machine tool
Autorzy:
Sidorowicz, M.
Reiner, J.
Baraniecki, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/156377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
pomiar wiązki laserowej
parametry wiązki laserowej
obróbka laserowa
laser beam measurements
laser beam parameters
laser processing
Opis:
Omówiono podstawowe dla jakości procesu parametry wiązki laserowej takie jak: długość Rayleigha; przewężenie wiązki; współczynniki jakości K, M2 i BPP; rozkład gęstości mocy oraz kaustykę. Opisano metody pomiarowe wiązek dużej mocy bazujące na wirującej igle pomiarowej oraz akwizycji obrazu przez matrycę CCD/CMOS. Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów wykonanych aparaturą FocusMonitor firmy Primes dla systemów obróbkowych wyposażonych m.in. w lasery: diodowy 4 kW, dyskowy 2 kW oraz gazowy CO2 2 kW. Przeanalizowano uzyskane wyniki oraz powtarzalność pomiarów. Pokazano charakterystyczne problemy będące skutkiem aberracji w torze optycznym - astygmatyzm wiązki i zjawisko "focus shift" oraz omówiono najczęstsze wady systemów laserowych.
Laser beam as a machine tool for manufacturing has to keep its parameters just as classic mechanical machine tools. The paper describes the following laser beam parameters essential for processing quality: Rayleigh length; beam waist; K, M2 and BPP beam quality factors; power density distribution and beam caustic [2]. The main parameters are presented in Fig. 1. Actual measurement methods for the listed above laser beam parameters that comply with the ISO 11146 recommendations are described. That concerns scanning the laser beam with a rotating tip [9] as a first method and acquiring the image of the laser beam intensity distribution projected on the CCD or CMOS photosensitive matrix [10] as a second method. Principles of both methods are shown in Fig. 2. Different laser machine systems equipped with, i.a.: 4 kW diode laser, 2 kW disc laser, 2kW CO2 laser has been measured by Primes FocusMonitor and analysed (Tab. 2) The measurement repeatability has been calculated for a specified setting of a P=1 kW disc laser beam emission and presented in Tab. 3. Characteristic problems caused by optical path aberrations - astigmatisms (Fig. 4) and focus shift (Fig. 5) as well as other common laser systems failures are discussed.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2012, R. 58, nr 1, 1; 105-108
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Practical verification of the Phong reflection model conducted with the use of terrestial laser field scanning data
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, K.
Rapiński, J.
Tomaszewski, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/297852.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
intensity parameter
reflectorless measurements
laser scanning
intesnity modeling
Opis:
This paper is devoted to a practical verification of applying the Phong model, conducted based on available survey data obtained in field conditions. This model has already been described in previous articles, in which authors, using surveys performed in laboratory conditions, showed how to change the shape of the Phong model function depending on the material on which the laser beam falls. In subsequent publications, the focus was on the relationship between the incidence angle and the maximum distance that can be measured by the rangefinder. The measuring data were obtained as a result of scanning the furnace wall in the heat and power station in Pruszków, Poland with the use of reflectorless laser. The presented way of computation has been substantiated on the basis of calculated quantities, incidence angle and empirically defined parameters of the Phong model.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2013, 16(1); 73-80
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Definition of the lattice mast construction deflections
Autorzy:
Mąkolski, K.
Ćmielewski, B.
Kuchmister, J.
Waligórski, T.
Pająkiewicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/225469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Politechnika Warszawska. Wydział Geodezji i Kartografii
Tematy:
pomiary
skanowanie laserowe
deformacja
measurements
laser scanning
deformation
Opis:
Architectural structures, like lattice mast, has often complicated spatial construction. There are several methods to perform such surveys. To compare precision and efficiency of the chosen measurement methods, the deviation of a mast was defined by methods using an electronic tachymeter: traditional - direction measurements, modified - which uses reflectorless measurement of distances and technique of laser scanning.
Źródło:
Reports on Geodesy; 2009, z. 2/87; 261-269
0867-3179
Pojawia się w:
Reports on Geodesy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mobile laser scanning calibration on a marine platform
Autorzy:
Szulwic, J.
Tysiąc, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
mobile laser scanning
marine laser scanning
scanning of a boat
calibration of laser scanning
sea measurements
MarLS
Opis:
The article describes the method of calibration of the Riegl VMZ-400 mobile scanning system on a floating platform and an experiment aimed at conducting measurements from a previously calibrated instrument. The issue of factors affecting the quality of measurements was discussed. Mobile laser scanning is an increasingly popular measurement solution, but it is still innovative on a European scale. The use of a floating platform is unique on a national scale. The presented solution is the result of the work of the Gdańsk University of Technology team on the development of the measurement procedure for scanning land from the sea and the river.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, S 1; 159-165
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena dokładności pomiarów w mikrotechnologiach materiałowych
Estimation of measurement accuracy in materials microtechnologies
Autorzy:
Pawlak, R.
Klimek, L.
Kawczyński, R.
Tomczyk, M.
Walczak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/158244.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
dokładność pomiarów
laserowe mikrotechnologie materiałowe
measurements accuracy
materials laser microtechnologies
Opis:
Pomiar różnorodnych wielkości fizycznych, określających cechy materiałowe elementów, podlegających obróbce przestrzennej lub modyfikacji w wyniku oddziaływania wiązki laserowej jest trudny ze względu na mikroskopijne wymiary elementów finalnych. W artykule omówiono wybrane zagadnienia dokładności pomiarów w trakcie opracowywania nowej technologii w skali mikrometrowej (pomiary parametrów wiązki laserowej, określania właściwości strukturalnych i mikrotwardości jako wybranej cechy funkcjonalnej).
Majority of material technologies making use of a laser beam are micro-technologies in micrometer- or even nanoscale. Such technological processes, considering that the volume of materials undergoing modification or synthesis as a result of laser treatment is extreme small, are very difficult to control in real time ("on line"). Therefore, proper elaboration of the microtechnology in order to prevent a measurement of large number of parameters during its multiple reproduction is the task of great importance. Direct use of measuring methods for macroscopic material objects is not acceptable. Generally, there are not many sophisticated measuring methods and systems for micro- or nanoscale. Problems of measurement accuracy are discussed in the paper. The authors tried to solve them during their research at different stages of new laser microtechnologies. The presented issues include measurements of selected laser beam parameters, structural evaluation, among other, electron microanalysis and some functional properties of elements produced by laser technology.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2010, R. 56, nr 10, 10; 1213-1216
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The attempt to use levelling rods for testing metric properties of surveying instruments, which are used for reflectorless distance measurements
Autorzy:
Świerczyńska, E.
Kołakowska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Warszawska. Wydział Geodezji i Kartografii
Tematy:
terrestrial laser scanning
reflectorless measurements
accuracy of measurements
skanowanie laserowe naziemne
pomiary bezlustrowe
dokładność pomiarów
Opis:
This paper presents results of two experimental cycles of measurements performed with the use of the terrestrial laser scanner Z+F IMAGER 5006h and the reflectorless tacheometer Leica TPS 1202. These tests aimed at determination of metric properties of surveying instruments, which are used for reflectorless distance measurements and which are often applied to project the geometry of objects. In the course of research works issues influencing the reflection of a laser beam by the measured surface, as well as their influence on the data quality. In order to analyse metric properties of applied instruments, levelling rods were used as test fields of geometrically specified division. It was stated basing on the performed analyses, that the influence of the incidental angle of a laser beam on the accuracy of reflectorless measurements is included within the limits of the error of distance measurements of a given instrument. However, the uniform trend of increasing differences between measured values and the nominal value may be noticed, together with the increase of the incidental angle of the axis of collimation on the measured surface of the test field.
Źródło:
Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics; 2014, 96; 38-54
2391-8365
2391-8152
Pojawia się w:
Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Narażenie na nanocząstki w środowisku pracy w procesach ceramicznych wykorzystujących technologię laserową
Workplace exposure to nanoparticles in ceramic processes using laser technology
Autorzy:
Fonseca, A.S.
Viana, M.
Querol, X.
Moreno, N.
De Francisco, I.
Estepa, C.
De La Fuente, G.F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/180101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ceramika
pyły
nanocząstki
ablacja laserowa
spiekanie laserowe
pomiary
ceramics
dusts
nanoparticles
laser ablation
laser sintering
measurements
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki oryginalnych badań dotyczących narażenia pracowników przemysłu ceramicznego na ultradrobnej nanocząstki, które powstają w trakcie wykorzystywania lasera do spiekania oraz w wyniku ablacji laserowej. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań porównano z wartościami referencyjnymi, zalecanymi w stosunku do wymienionych cząstek, a także skomentowano poziom narażenia pracowników, który został uwidoczniony eksperymentalnie.
The article presents original research results regarding the exposure of workers employed in the ceramic industry towards ultra small and nanoparticles created as a result of laser sintering as well a laser ablation. The results of the research were compared with the referential values for the abovementioned particles and the experimentally proven level of worker's exposure was awarded a commentary.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka; 2016, 7; 18-21
0137-7043
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maritime laser scanning as the source for spatial data
Autorzy:
Burdziakowski, P.
Janowski, A.
Kholodkov, A.
Matysik, K.
Matysik, M.
Przyborski, M.
Szulwic, J.
Tysiąc, P.
Wojtowicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
mobile laser scanning
maritime laser scanning
GIS for harbours
measurements of sea coast
boat-based scanning
Opis:
The rapid development of scanning technology, especially mobile scanning, gives the possibility to collect spatial data coming from maritime measurement platforms and autonomous manned or unmanned vehicles. Presented solution is derived from the mobile scanning. However we should keep in mind that the specificity of laser scanning at sea and processing collected data should be in the form acceptable in Geographical Information Systems, especially typical for the maritime needs. At the same time we should be aware that data coming from maritime mobile scanning constitutes a new approach to the describing of maritime environment and brings a new perspective that is completely different than air and terrestrial scanning. Therefore, the authors, would like to present results of an experiment aimed at testing the possibilities of using mobile scanning at sea. Experiment was conducted in the harbour and the associated environment of neighbouring southern coast of the Baltic Sea.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2015, 4; 9-14
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation of Reflected and Scattered Laser Radiation for Designing Laser Shields
Autorzy:
Konieczny, P.
Wolska, A.
Świderski, J.
Zając, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
biological and safety aspects of laser radiation
shield angle
computer simulation
measurements of reflected and scattered laser radiation
Opis:
This paper presents a computer simulation of reflected and scattered laser radiation for calculating the angle of laser shields performed with the Laser Shield Solver computer program. The authors describe a method of calculating the shield angle for laser shields which protect workers against reflected and scattered laser radiation and which are made from different materials. The main assumptions of the program, which calculates and simulates reflected laser radiation from any material and which can be used for designing shield angles, are presented. Calculations are compared with measurements of reflected laser radiation. The results for one type of laser and different materials which interacted with a laser beam showed that the Laser Shield Solver was an appropriate tool for designing laser shields and its simulations of reflected laser radiation distribution have practical use.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2008, 14, 2; 133-147
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości wykorzystania skanera laserowego do pomiarów precyzyjnych
Possibilities of using a laser scanner for precise measurements
Autorzy:
Zator, S.
Michalski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/152020.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
skaning laserowy
pomiary precyzyjne
pomiar odległości
laser scanning
precise measurements
distance measurement
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania stacjonarnego skanera laserowego do wykonywania pomiarów precyzyjnych. Wykonano analizę wpływu zagęszczenia punktów w obszarze, przez zwielokrotnienie skanowania, na niepewność pomiaru przesunięcia płaszczyzny. Otrzymane dane porównano z wartościami dostarczonymi przez producenta urządzenia. Na bazie przeprowadzonych analiz zaprezentowano możliwości zastosowania stacjonarnego skanera laserowego do pomiaru współosiowości elementów.
In this paper possibilities of using a desktop laser scanner for precise measurements are presented. Test parameters of the laser scanner for verification of the obtained results are given. In Section 3 the data structure obtained from the scan is shown. There is performed analysis of the accuracy of measuring the distance to the plane and the influence of local density of points in the scan. The data is represented as a single line which was scanned ten times from one scanner position. For the single scan data line an approximation was made using the linear regression method. The data obtained were compared with the values provided by a manufacturer. There is shown the difference between a dual scan and multiple scans performed independently, presenting the potential of both methods. In addition, the paper describes the applicability of a desktop laser scanner to measurements of the misalignment of components. There are also given limitations of application of the test scanner surface structure resulting from a test object.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2012, R. 58, nr 11, 11; 1013-1015
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie skaningu laserowego do wyznaczania deformacji stalowych wież telekomunikacyjnych
Use of laser scanning for determining deformation of steel telecommunication towers
Autorzy:
Owerko, T.
Kuras, P.
Ortyl, Ł.
Kocierz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/155876.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
skaning laserowy
wieże telekomunikacyjne
pomiary deformacji
laser scanning
telecommunication towers
deformation measurements
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie techniki skaningu laserowego do pomiaru deformacji obiektów wieżowych. Kontrola warunków geometrycznych stalowych wież telekomunikacyjnych zapewnia ich poprawne funkcjonowanie. Technika skaningu lasero-wego daje nowe możliwości pomiarowe w odniesieniu do dotychczas stosowanych metod. Jej użyteczność została wykazana na przykładzie wybranego pomiaru.
The paper presents use of laser scanning technique for measuring the deformation of tower structures. This technique provides new possibilities of structure measurement in relation to the existing methods. The correct operation of steel telecommunication towers is ensured by controlling their geometric conditions. The standards and instructions specifying the permissible deformation of structures [1, 2] are referenced in the paper. On this basis, the ability of using a laser scanner for measuring the telecommunication tower shape is discussed. Due to the high resolution, the measurement is made in a global manner, and not only in a few selected cross-sections [3, 4]. In addition, the principle of the laser scanner operation is briefly described. Its usefulness is demonstrated on the example of a trihedral tower measurement (Fig. 1). The measured object is represented by a point cloud (Fig. 2), which can be shown using horizontal cross-sections (Fig. 3). In order to calculate the tower core inclination (Tab. 2), the location of steel angles of the core was determined. It was determined at all considered levels as intersections of the lines approximating the external planes of angles (Fig. 4). Whereas the tower core torsion was calculated based on the directions of three core sides at all the analyzed levels (Tabs. 3, 4).
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2012, R. 58, nr 12, 12; 1087-1090
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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